TWI818582B - 電壓轉換器 - Google Patents

電壓轉換器 Download PDF

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TWI818582B
TWI818582B TW111121527A TW111121527A TWI818582B TW I818582 B TWI818582 B TW I818582B TW 111121527 A TW111121527 A TW 111121527A TW 111121527 A TW111121527 A TW 111121527A TW I818582 B TWI818582 B TW I818582B
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switch
voltage
control signal
bridge
coupled
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TW111121527A
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TW202349852A (zh
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彭左任
王思浩
潘茂松
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群光電能科技股份有限公司
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Priority to TW111121527A priority Critical patent/TWI818582B/zh
Priority to CN202210791057.2A priority patent/CN117254688A/zh
Priority to US17/869,897 priority patent/US11817788B1/en
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Publication of TW202349852A publication Critical patent/TW202349852A/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

一種電壓轉換器，包括回授控制器、一次側控制器、二次側控制器、一次側整流濾波電路、升壓轉換器及電壓轉換電路。回授控制器接收一輸出端的電壓需求訊號，以輸出第一回授訊號及第二回授訊號。一次側控制器依據第一回授訊號產生一升壓控制訊號及第一開關控制訊號。二次側控制器依據第二回授訊號產生第二開關控制訊號。升壓轉換器，依據升壓控制訊號，將一次側整流濾波電路輸出之直流電壓升壓至第一電壓。電壓轉換電路，依據第一開關控制訊號及第二開關控制訊號，切換為半橋整流模式或全橋整流模式，以輸出符合需求的電壓。

Description

電壓轉換器
本發明是有關於一種電壓轉換器，特別是能彈性依據電子裝置需求電壓調整輸出電壓值的電壓轉換器。
在輸入功率超過75W的應用下，一般會透過升壓轉換器(Boost Converter)來提升功率因素，並且在不同的輸入電壓下，將輸出電壓維持在一固定的高電壓輸出。而固定的輸出電壓也為下一級LLC諧振轉換器架構提供了一個很好的條件，讓LLC諧振轉換器能夠達到最佳效率的增益設計。
然而，隨著電力輸送(Power Delivery，PD)裝置的普及，需要將可變動的輸出電壓應用於LLC諧振轉換器電路架構中。因此，如何平衡增益與效率的設計就成了設計LLC諧振轉換器的一個重要課題。
有鑑於此，本發明一實施例提出一種電壓轉換器，包括回授控制器、一次側控制器、二次側控制器、一次側整流濾波電路、升壓轉換器及電壓轉換電路。回授控制器接收一輸出端的電壓需求訊號，以依據電壓需求訊號輸出一第一回授訊號及一第二回授訊號。一次側控制器耦接回授控制器，依據第一回授訊號產生一升壓控制訊號及一第一開關控制訊號。二次側控制器耦接回授控制器，依據第二回授訊號產生一 第二開關控制訊號。一次側整流濾波電路，接收一交流電壓，並將交流電壓整流為一直流電壓。升壓轉換器耦接一次側整流濾波電路及一次側控制器，以依據升壓控制訊號，將直流電壓升壓至一第一電壓。電壓轉換電路耦接升壓轉換器、一次側控制器及二次側控制器，以依據第一開關控制訊號及第二開關控制訊號，切換為一半橋整流模式或一全橋整流模式，以於半橋整流模式下將第一電壓轉換至一第二電壓，於全橋整流模式下將第一電壓轉換至一第三電壓，以經由輸出端輸出第二電壓或第三電壓。
綜上所述，根據本發明一些實施例提出之電壓轉換器，可根據電子裝置之需求電壓，控制升壓轉換器輸出之第一電壓，並可控制電壓轉換電路二次側電路切換為半橋整流模式或全橋整流模式，以將第一電壓轉換至第二電壓或第三電壓。當需求電壓較大的時候，可利用全橋整流模式的高增益，讓前級的升壓轉換器的輸出電壓不致於要升的過高。進一步，還可配合電壓轉換電路一次側電路的半橋諧振模式與全橋諧振模式之切換來調整輸出電壓。藉此，可利用簡單的控制方式達到輸出電壓的可變性，同時由於採用基本電路架構，無需大幅變更電路設計，且變動增加之成本低廉，並有利於產品小型化。
1:電壓轉換器
2:電子裝置
10:一次側整流濾波電路
11:初級整流電路
12:初級濾波電路
20:升壓轉換器
30:電壓轉換電路
40:回授控制器
50:一次側控制器
60:二次側控制器
70:輸出端
C:輸出電容
C1:第一電容
C2,C3:濾波電容
D:升壓二極體
D1~D4:二極體
L:升壓電感
L1:電感
M1:一次側繞組
M2:二次側繞組
N1:線圈
N2:第一線圈
N3:第二線圈
P1,P2:輸入節點
P3,P4:輸出節點
Q:升壓開關
Q1~Q8:開關
R:接地電阻
Sb:升壓控制訊號
Sf1:第一回授訊號
Sf2:第二回授訊號
Sw1:第一開關控制訊號
Sw2:第二開關控制訊號
Sv:電壓需求訊號
Vac:交流電壓
Vdc:直流電壓
V1:第一電壓
V2:第二電壓
V3:第三電壓
S91~S93:步驟
[圖1]為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換器與電子裝置之示意圖。
[圖2]為本發明一實施例之一次側整流濾波電路之示意圖。
[圖3]為本發明一實施例之升壓轉換器之示意圖。
[圖4]為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路之示意圖(一)。
[圖5]為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路之示意圖(二)。
[圖6]為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路之示意圖(三)。
[圖7]為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路之示意圖(四)。
[圖8]為本發明另一實施例之電壓轉換電路之示意圖。
[圖9]為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換控制方法之流程圖。
關於本文使用之「耦接」，係指二或多個元件相互「直接」作實體接觸或電性接觸，或是相互「間接」作實體接觸或電性接觸，亦可指兩個或多個元件相互動作。關於本文中所使用之「第一」及「第二」等術語，其係用以區別所指之元件，而非用以排序或限定所指元件之差異性，且亦非用以限制本發明之範圍。
參照圖1，係為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換器1與電子裝置2之示意圖。電壓轉換器1用以轉換交流電壓訊號成為直流電壓訊號予電子裝置2。電壓轉換器1可例如是符合通用序列匯流排(universal serial bus，USB)電力輸送標準的電源適配器。電子裝置2可例如是筆記型電腦、硬碟、智慧型手機等需要供電的電子設備。
電壓轉換器1包括一次側整流濾波電路10、升壓轉換器20、電壓轉換電路30、回授控制器40、一次側控制器50、二次側控制器60及輸出端70。一次側整流濾波電路10、升壓轉換器20、電壓轉換電路30與輸出端70依次耦接。一次側整流濾波電路10接收交流電壓Vac，並將交流電壓Vac整流為直流電壓Vdc。回授控制器40耦接輸出 端70，以接收電子裝置2發送之電壓需求訊號Sv。輸出端70為電力輸出接頭，如Type-C接頭，但本發明非以此為限。回授控制器40依據電壓需求訊號Sv獲知電子裝置2的需求電壓值，以依據電壓需求訊號Sv產生第一回授訊號Sf1及第二回授訊號Sf2。
一次側控制器50耦接於升壓轉換器20、電壓轉換電路30與回授控制器40，依據第一回授訊號Sf1產生升壓控制訊號Sb及第一開關控制訊號Sw1。二次側控制器60耦接於電壓轉換電路30與回授控制器40，依據第二回授訊號Sf2產生第二開關控制訊號Sw2。
透過第一回授訊號Sf1及第二回授訊號Sf2，升壓轉換器20與電壓轉換電路30被控制，以於輸出端70輸出符合電壓需求訊號Sv的電壓訊號。具體來說，升壓轉換器20耦接一次側整流濾波電路10、電壓轉換電路30及一次側控制器50，以依據升壓控制訊號Sb，將直流電壓Vdc升壓至第一電壓V1。電壓轉換電路30耦接升壓轉換器20、一次側控制器50及二次側控制器60，以依據第一開關控制訊號Sw1及第二開關控制訊號Sw2，切換為半橋整流模式或全橋整流模式。於半橋整流模式下，電壓轉換電路30將該第一電壓V1轉換至第二電壓V2，並經由輸出端70輸出；於全橋整流模式下，電壓轉換電路30將第一電壓V1轉換至第三電壓V3，並經由輸出端70輸出。在此，第三電壓V3為第二電壓V2的兩倍。
參照圖2，係為本發明一實施例之一次側整流濾波電路10之示意圖。一次側整流濾波電路10包括初級整流電路11及初級濾波電路12。初級整流電路11將交流電壓Vac進行整流，並由初級濾波電路12進 行濾波，以形成直流電壓Vdc。初級整流電路11可例如為二極體電橋。初級濾波電路12可包括一濾波電容，以平滑直流輸出。
參照圖3，係為本發明一實施例之升壓轉換器20之示意圖。在此，升壓轉換器20是以一功率因數修正器(Power Factor Correction，PFC)為例，然而本發明並非限定於此，亦可選用其他類型的升壓電路。升壓轉換器20包括升壓電感L、升壓二極體D、升壓開關Q、接地電阻R及輸出電容C。升壓電感L的第一端耦接於一次側整流濾波電路10，以接收直流電壓Vdc。升壓二極體D的陽極耦接於升壓電感L的第二端。升壓二極體D的陰極作為升壓轉換器20的輸出，以輸出第一電壓V1。升壓開關Q的一端耦接於升壓電感L的第二端與升壓二極體D的陽極，升壓開關Q的另一端耦接於接地電阻R。輸出電容C的一端耦接於接地電阻R的接地端，輸出電容C的另一端耦接於升壓二極體D的陰極。升壓開關Q的控制端耦接一次側控制器50，以接收升壓控制訊號Sb，據以被控制而導通或斷開。當升壓開關Q導通，電流流過升壓電感L再流經升壓開關Q與接地電阻R而流到地，以對升壓電感L儲存能量。當升壓開關Q不導通時，電流由升壓電感L經過升壓二極體D並對輸出電容C儲能。透過控制升壓開關Q於導通或斷開間的切換頻率來控制第一電壓V1的電壓值。
參照圖4，係為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路30之示意圖(一)。在此，電壓轉換電路30係為LLC轉換器。電壓轉換電路30經由變壓器的一次側繞組M1與二次側繞組M2區分為一次側電路及二次側電路。
一次側電路包括第一開關Q1、第二開關Q2、電感L1及第一電容C1。第一開關Q1與第二開關Q2串聯。第一開關Q1耦接升壓轉換器20，以接收第一電壓。電感L1的一端耦接於第一開關Q1與第二開關Q2之間，電感L1的另一端耦接一次側繞組M1的線圈N1的第一端。第一電容C1的一端耦接於第二開關Q2與接地，第一電容C1的另一端耦接一次側繞組M1的線圈N1的第二端。第一開關Q1及第二開關Q2的控制端耦接一次側控制器50，以接收第一開關控制訊號Sw1。在此，第一開關Q1及第二開關Q2所接收到的第一開關控制訊號Sw1是分別經由不同控制線路傳送，以使第一開關Q1及第二開關Q2個別獨立受到控制。
二次側電路包括由四個二極體D1~D4構成的橋式整流器、第三開關Q3、第四開關Q4、第五開關Q5及第六開關Q6。所述四個二極體D1~D4兩兩串聯(二極體D1與二極體D3串聯，二極體D2與二極體D4串聯)後再並聯以構成封閉路徑。二極體D1的陽極耦接二極體D2的陽極。二極體D3的陰極耦接二極體D4的陰極。二極體D1的陰極耦接二極體D3的陽極，耦接處為輸入節點P1。二極體D2的陰極耦接二極體D4的陽極，耦接處為輸入節點P2。橋式整流器依據二輸入節點P1、P2區分為上半橋路徑及下半橋路徑。下半橋路徑上的二個二極體D1、D2分別並聯於第三開關Q3與第四開關Q4；上半橋路徑上的二個二極體D3、D4分別並聯於第五開關Q5及第六開關Q6。二次側繞組M2耦接於二輸入節點P1、P2之間。二次側繞組M2包括中央抽頭，二次側繞組M2經由中央抽頭區分為第一線圈N2及第二線圈N3。第三開關Q3、第四開關Q4、第五開關Q5及第六開關Q6的控制端耦接二次側控制器60，以接 收第二開關控制訊號Sw2。在此，第三開關Q3、第四開關Q4、第五開關Q5及第六開關Q6所接收到的第二開關控制訊號Sw2是分別經由不同控制線路傳送，以使第三開關Q3、第四開關Q4、第五開關Q5及第六開關Q6個別獨立受到控制。
圖4之箭頭方向呈現半橋整流模式下正半周電流流向。於半橋整流模式下，係經由中央抽頭輸出第二電壓V2。二次側電路還包括相串聯的二濾波電容C2、C3，耦接於橋式整流器的二輸出節點P3、P4之間。輸出節點P3位於二極體D3、D4之間。輸出節點P4位於二極體D1、D2之間。中央抽頭耦接二濾波電容C2、C3之間。電壓轉換電路30依據第一開關控制訊號Sw1與第二開關控制訊號Sw2，控制第五開關Q5與第六開關Q6皆斷開，第一開關Q1與第三開關Q3導通，且第二開關Q2與第四開關Q4斷開。於一次側電路的正半周電流係依次流通第一開關Q1、電感L1、線圈N1、第一電容C1，以對第一電容C1充電。於二次側電路的正半周電流係依次流通第三開關Q3、第一線圈N2。此時濾波電容C2受二次側電路的正半周電流充電。
參照圖5，係為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路30之示意圖(二)。在此，箭頭方向呈現半橋整流模式下負半周電流流向。電壓轉換電路30依據第一開關控制訊號Sw1與第二開關控制訊號Sw2，控制第五開關Q5與第六開關Q6皆斷開，第二開關Q2與第四開關Q4導通，且第一開關Q1與第三開關Q3斷開。於一次側電路的負半周電流係由第一電容C1放電，並依次流通線圈N1、電感L1、第二開關Q2。於二次側電路的負半周電流係依次流通第四開關Q4、第二線圈N3。此時濾波電容 C2受二次側電路的負半周電流充電。
舉例來說，當電壓需求訊號Sv對應之電壓需求為20V時，回授控制器40經由第一回授訊號Sf1通知一次側控制器50將升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓設定在400V。假設一次側繞組M1與二次側繞組M2的圈數比N=10。根據半橋LLC增益公式：增益M=2NVo/Vin=1(Vin為輸入電壓=400V，Vo為輸出電壓)，則輸出之第二電壓V2為20V。若電壓需求為24V時，可按照相同的增益公式，將升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓設定在480V。換言之，透過調整升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓(第一電壓V1)，而不變動電壓轉換電路30的整流模式，可達到微幅調整電壓轉換電路30之輸出電壓的效果。
參照圖6，係為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路30之示意圖(三)。在此，箭頭方向呈現全橋整流模式下正半周電流流向。一次側電路的正半周電流流路與前述圖4相同，於此不重複贅述。電壓轉換電路30依據第一開關控制訊號Sw1與第二開關控制訊號Sw2，控制第一開關Q1、第三開關Q3與第六開關Q6導通，第二開關Q2、第四開關Q4與第五開關Q5斷開。於二次側電路的正半周電流係依次流通第三開關Q3、第一線圈N2、第二線圈N3、第六開關Q6。此時濾波電容C2、C3受二次側電路的正半周電流充電。
參照圖7，係為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換電路30之示意圖(四)。在此，箭頭方向呈現全橋整流模式下負半周電流流向。一次側電路的負半周電流流路與前述圖5相同，於此不重複贅述。電壓轉換電路30依據第一開關控制訊號Sw1與第二開關控制訊號Sw2，控制第一 開關Q1、第三開關Q3與第六開關Q6斷開，第二開關Q2、第四開關Q4與第五開關Q5導通。於二次側電路的負半周電流係依次流通第四開關Q4、第二線圈N3、第一線圈N2、第五開關Q5。此時濾波電容C2、C3受二次側電路的負半周電流充電。
根據前述說明可以發現，於半橋整流模式下，二次側電路的部分開關(即第五開關Q5與第六開關Q6)被關斷，電流僅流經二次側繞組M2的部份線圈。亦即，正半周電流流經第一線圈N2，負半周電流流經第二線圈N3。於全橋整流模式下，正半周電流與負半周電流均流經第一線圈N2與第二線圈N3。換言之，在全橋整流模式下的二次側流經電流的線圈圈數為半橋整流模式的兩倍，因此輸出電壓提升為半橋整流模式的兩倍。即第三電壓V3為第二電壓V2的兩倍。
舉例來說，當電壓需求訊號Sv對應之電壓需求為40V時，若按照前述半橋增益公式，需將升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓(第一電壓V1)提昇至800V。為了避免讓升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓提昇過高，可切換至全橋整流模式。由於在二次側提昇了兩倍增益，因此僅需將升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓(第一電壓V1)設定在400V即可。換言之，透過切換電壓轉換電路30為全橋整流模式，可達到調整電壓轉換電路30之輸出電壓為雙倍的效果。進一步地，除了切換電壓轉換電路30為全橋整流模式之外，還可配合調整升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓(第一電壓V1)，以彈性調整輸出電壓值。例如，若電壓需求為48V時，可改將升壓轉換器20之輸出電壓設定在480V，並切換至全橋整流模式。
前述半橋整流模式與全橋整流模式之切換是發生在二次 側電路。參照圖8，係為本發明另一實施例之電壓轉換電路30之示意圖。相較於前述實施例，本實施例主要差異在於一次側電路也具備模式切換功能，而可切換為半橋諧振模式或全橋諧振模式。在此，一次側電路增設串聯的第七開關Q7及第八開關Q8。第七開關Q7及第八開關Q8同樣受第一開關控制訊號Sw1控制。第七開關Q7一端耦接於第一開關Q1，第八開關Q8一端耦接於第二開關Q2。當切換於半橋諧振模式時，第七開關Q7斷開，第八開關Q8導通，即可如同前述實施例一般運作。當切換於全橋諧振模式時，第一開關Q1、第二開關Q2、第七開關Q7及第八開關Q8均受第一開關控制訊號Sw1控制而運作，藉此可達到半橋諧振模式的增益的兩倍。因此，視電壓需求訊號Sv對應之電壓需求，除了按照前述實施例選擇調整升壓轉換器20輸出之第一電壓V1，和/或選擇切換為半橋整流模式或全橋整流模式之外，還可以選擇從半橋諧振模式切換為全橋諧振模式，以達到進一步加倍增益的輸出電壓調整。
上述回授控制器40、一次側控制器50及二次側控制器60等控制單元，具體實施方式可為軟體、硬體和/或韌體。舉例來說，若以執行速度及精確性為首要考量，則該等單元基本上可選用硬體和/或韌體為主。若以設計彈性為首要考論，則該等單元可選用軟體為主。或者，該等單元可同時採用軟體、硬體及韌體協同作業。
在一些實施例中，回授控制器40、一次側控制器50及二次側控制器60可整合在一控制單元中。
上述開關Q1~Q8係以N型金氧半場效電晶體(N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FET，NMOSFET)實現，然而本發明並 非以此為限。
參照圖9，係為本發明一實施例之電壓轉換控制方法之流程圖，由前述回授控制器40、一次側控制器50及二次側控制器60協同執行。首先，偵測電子裝置2之電壓需求訊號Sv(步驟S91)。接著，依據電壓需求訊號Sv，產生升壓控制訊號Sb、第一開關控制訊號Sw1及第二開關控制訊號Sw2(步驟S92)。如此，依據升壓控制訊號Sb控制升壓轉換器20輸出的第一電壓V1，並依據第一開關控制訊號Sw1及第二開關控制訊號Sw2切換電壓轉換電路30為半橋整流模式或全橋整流模式，及控制電壓轉換電路30運作，以對應輸出第二電壓V2或第三電壓V3，據以滿足電子裝置2之電壓需求(步驟S93)。
前述各實施例中的各項元件、方法步驟或技術特徵，係可相互結合，而不以本文揭示內容中的文字描述順序或圖示呈現順序為限。
綜上所述，根據本發明一些實施例提出之電壓轉換器1，可根據電子裝置2之需求電壓，控制升壓轉換器20輸出之第一電壓，並可控制電壓轉換電路30二次側電路切換為半橋整流模式或全橋整流模式，以將第一電壓V1轉換至第二電壓V2或第三電壓V3。當需求電壓較大的時候，可利用全橋整流模式的高增益，讓前級的升壓轉換器20的輸出電壓不致於要升的過高。進一步，還可配合電壓轉換電路30一次側電路的半橋諧振模式與全橋諧振模式之切換來調整輸出電壓。藉此，可利用簡單的控制方式達到輸出電壓的可變性，同時由於採用基本電路架構，無需大幅變更電路設計，且變動增加之成本低廉，並有利於產品小 型化。
1:電壓轉換器
2:電子裝置
10:一次側整流濾波電路
20:升壓轉換器
30:電壓轉換電路
40:回授控制器
50:一次側控制器
60:二次側控制器
70:輸出端
Sb:升壓控制訊號
Sf1:第一回授訊號
Sf2:第二回授訊號
Sw1:第一開關控制訊號
Sw2:第二開關控制訊號
Sv:電壓需求訊號
Vac:交流電壓
Vdc:直流電壓
V1:第一電壓
V2:第二電壓
V3:第三電壓

Claims (11)

  1. 一種電壓轉換器，包括：一回授控制器，接收一輸出端的一電壓需求訊號，以依據該電壓需求訊號輸出一第一回授訊號及一第二回授訊號；一一次側控制器，耦接該回授控制器，依據該第一回授訊號產生一升壓控制訊號及一第一開關控制訊號；一二次側控制器，耦接該回授控制器，依據該第二回授訊號產生一第二開關控制訊號；一一次側整流濾波電路，接收一交流電壓，並將該交流電壓整流為一直流電壓；一升壓轉換器，耦接該一次側整流濾波電路及該一次側控制器，以依據該升壓控制訊號，將該直流電壓升壓至一第一電壓；及一電壓轉換電路，耦接該升壓轉換器、該一次側控制器及該二次側控制器，以依據該第一開關控制訊號及該第二開關控制訊號，切換為一半橋整流模式或一全橋整流模式，以於該半橋整流模式下將該第一電壓轉換至一第二電壓，於該全橋整流模式下將該第一電壓轉換至一第三電壓，以經由該輸出端輸出該第二電壓或該第三電壓。
  2. 如請求項1所述之電壓轉換器，其中該第三電壓為該第二電壓的兩倍。
  3. 如請求項1所述之電壓轉換器，其中該電壓轉換電路包括： 一一次側電路，包括一第一開關、一第二開關、一電感及一第一電容，其中該第一開關與該第二開關串聯，該電感一端耦接於該第一開關與該第二開關之間，該第一電容一端耦接於該第二開關；一二次側電路，包括一橋式整流器、一第三開關、一第四開關、一第五開關及一第六開關，該橋式整流器具有兩兩串聯後再並聯以構成封閉路徑的四個二極體，該橋式整流器依據二輸入節點區分為一上半橋路徑及一下半橋路徑，該下半橋路徑上的二個該二極體分別並聯於該第三開關與該第四開關，該上半橋路徑上的二個該二極體分別並聯於該第五開關及該第六開關；及一變壓器，包括一一次側繞組及一二次側繞組，該一次側繞組與該電感另一端及該第一電容另一端耦接，該二次側繞組耦接於該二輸入節點之間。
  4. 如請求項3所述之電壓轉換器，其中該二次側繞組包括一中央抽頭，以於該半橋整流模式下經由該中央抽頭輸出該第二電壓。
  5. 如請求項4所述之電壓轉換器，其中該二次側電路還包括相串聯的二濾波電容，耦接於該橋式整流器的二輸出節點之間，且該中央抽頭耦接該二濾波電容之間。
  6. 如請求項4所述之電壓轉換器，其中該二次側繞組經由該中央抽頭區分為一第一線圈及一第二線圈，於該半橋整流模式下，正半周電流流經該第一線圈，負半周電流流經該第二線圈。
  7. 如請求項3所述之電壓轉換器，其中於該半橋整流模式下，該電壓轉換電路依據該第一開關控制訊號與該第二開關控制訊號控 制該第五開關與該第六開關皆斷開，該第一開關與該第三開關導通，且該第二開關與該第四開關斷開，以使正半周電流流通並對該第一電容充電。
  8. 如請求項3所述之電壓轉換器，其中於該半橋整流模式下，該電壓轉換電路依據該第一開關控制訊號與該第二開關控制訊號控制該第五開關與該第六開關皆斷開，該第二開關與該第四開關導通，且該第一開關與該第三開關斷開，以使負半周電流流通並對該第一電容放電。
  9. 如請求項3所述之電壓轉換器，其中於該全橋整流模式下，該電壓轉換電路依據該第一開關控制訊號與該第二開關控制訊號控制該第一開關、該第三開關與該第六開關導通，該第二開關、該第四開關與該第五開關斷開，以使正半周電流流通。
  10. 如請求項3所述之電壓轉換器，其中於該全橋整流模式下，該電壓轉換電路依據該第一開關控制訊號與該第二開關控制訊號控制該第一開關、該第三開關與該第六開關斷開，該第二開關、該第四開關與該第五開關導通，以使負半周電流流通。
  11. 如請求項3所述之電壓轉換器，其中該二次側繞組包括一中央抽頭，該二次側繞組經由該中央抽頭區分為一第一線圈及一第二線圈，於該全橋整流模式下，正半周電流流經該第一線圈與該第二線圈，負半周電流流經該第一線圈與該第二線圈。
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