TWI554979B - Raindrop detection system and method thereof - Google Patents

Raindrop detection system and method thereof Download PDF

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TWI554979B
TWI554979B TW104115468A TW104115468A TWI554979B TW I554979 B TWI554979 B TW I554979B TW 104115468 A TW104115468 A TW 104115468A TW 104115468 A TW104115468 A TW 104115468A TW I554979 B TWI554979 B TW I554979B
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raindrop
image
observation
illumination
contour
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TW201640446A (en
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陳志彥
翁俊仁
黃吉宏
廖泰杉
欉順忠
謝奇文
鐘太郎
黃政翰
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財團法人國家實驗研究院
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雨滴偵測系統及其方法Raindrop detection system and method thereof

一種偵測系統及其方法,尤其是指一種偵測雨滴的偵測系統及其方法。A detection system and method thereof, in particular, a detection system for detecting raindrops and a method thereof.

大氣中降雨過程,水滴的降落是極其重要的大氣物理資訊,可提供氣象雷達研究、降雨量測、基礎水文應用、數值模式模擬以及衛星遙測分析等用途,水滴降落速度資訊可以終端速度來近似,並且水滴的終端速度與粒徑大小會有很好的相對應曲線關係。In the atmospheric rainfall process, the drop of water droplets is an extremely important atmospheric physics information. It can provide weather radar research, rainfall measurement, basic hydrological applications, numerical model simulation and satellite telemetry analysis. The water drop landing speed information can be approximated by the terminal speed. And the terminal velocity of the water droplets and the particle size will have a good corresponding curve relationship.

傳統雨滴譜測量是透過人員收集大量雨滴資料,再根據雨滴粒徑大小進行統計分類。最傳統的雨滴測量方法之一,主要是根據雨滴落在一定面積的濾紙斑跡大小,逐一計算雨滴個數,再透過肉眼觀察將其轉換為雨滴粒徑,並統計最後得到的結果。但由於誤差大且耗費人力計算,不是一個十分有效的方法。The traditional raindrop spectrum measurement is to collect a large amount of raindrop data by personnel, and then statistically classify according to the size of the raindrop. One of the most traditional raindrop measurement methods is to calculate the number of raindrops one by one according to the size of the filter paper falling on a certain area of the raindrops, and then convert it into raindrop size by visual observation, and count the final result. However, due to large errors and labor-intensive calculations, it is not a very effective method.

目前對於雨滴測量,多半是透過現有的雨滴譜儀設備,分別說明如下:At present, most of the raindrop measurements are through the existing raindrop spectrometer equipment, which are described as follows:

撞擊式雨滴譜儀測量不同粒徑水滴落入感應區(壓電材料感測器),其感應器接收到不同程度大小衝擊力造成的電壓差異轉為訊號,再經儀器運算加以辨識20種不同尺寸大小的水滴粒徑,其分布範圍由 0.3~5mm,當雨滴粒徑小於 0.3mm時,則可忽略不計;如果雨滴粒徑大於 5mm 時,則自動將觀測到的雨滴歸為 5mm 類別。但此法的缺點是靈敏度差,在弱降雨或劇烈降雨情況下,會有較大的量測誤差。The impact type raindrop spectrometer measures the water droplets of different particle sizes falling into the sensing area (piezoelectric material sensor), and the sensor receives the voltage difference caused by the impact force of different degrees and turns into a signal, and then recognizes 20 different kinds by instrument operation. The size of water droplets with a size ranged from 0.3 to 5 mm. When the droplet size is less than 0.3 mm, it is negligible. If the droplet size is larger than 5 mm, the observed raindrops are automatically classified as 5 mm. However, the shortcoming of this method is that the sensitivity is poor, and in the case of weak rainfall or severe rainfall, there will be a large measurement error.

聲波式雨滴測量以超音波感測原理之風向風速感測元件(WINDCAP)和雨滴撞擊感測平面(RAINCAP),安置在溫度濕度遮罩上方,RAINCAP是一個測量雨滴撞擊產生的聲波感應的感測器,再換算成雨滴降落強度,此系統可以結合傳統的螺旋槳風車風速風向計和傾斗式雨量計,大幅縮小現有天氣觀測組件的體積和安裝難度。其缺點是沒有提供雨滴譜資訊,且較小雨滴製造的聲場極易被風所抑制,同時聲學雨滴譜儀也存在取樣時的交疊誤差。The sonic raindrop measurement is based on the wind direction sensing element (WINDCAP) and the raindrop impact sensing plane (RAINCAP) of the ultrasonic sensing principle. It is placed above the temperature and humidity mask. RAINCAP is a sensor that senses the sound wave induced by the raindrop impact. The device, which is converted into raindrop landing strength, can be combined with conventional propeller wind speed wind direction meters and dump bucket rain gauges to significantly reduce the size and installation difficulty of existing weather observation components. The disadvantage is that no raindrop spectrum information is provided, and the sound field produced by the smaller raindrops is easily suppressed by the wind, and the acoustic raindrop spectrometer also has overlapping errors during sampling.

一維光學式雨滴譜儀使用平行雷射光產生一光頁區域,當有降雨粒子穿過光頁區域時,會自動記錄粒子的寬度和穿越時間,造成接收端訊號改變來偵測,而計算得到降水粒子的尺寸和速度;此一裝置缺點在於若有兩接近雨滴同時抵達偵測範圍內,就會有交疊誤差產生,會對偵測造成影響。The one-dimensional optical raindrop spectrometer uses parallel laser light to generate a light page area. When rain particles pass through the light page area, the width and transit time of the particles are automatically recorded, causing the signal at the receiving end to be changed to detect, and the calculation is obtained. The size and speed of the precipitation particles; the disadvantage of this device is that if two raindrops reach the detection range at the same time, there will be overlapping errors, which will affect the detection.

二維光學式雨滴譜儀與一維光學式雨滴譜儀基本原理類似,是透過兩互相垂直且保持一定距離的光頁掃描設備,作為感光偵測雨滴工具,當雨滴落到觀測區中,雨滴會被感測器所感應記錄,透過感測器遮斷時間,計算出雨滴的形狀及粒徑大小。而兩道不同高度的光頁射束,可以求出雨滴通過時間差,計算出雨滴垂直落速。但在強風作用下的雨滴偵測過程,會導致兩個感測器間產生匹配誤差為其缺點。目前,二維光學式雨滴譜儀可提供雨滴的落速與形狀觀測,而進一步可運算求得降雨率、回波強度等其他降雨積分參數。The two-dimensional optical raindrop spectrometer is similar to the one-dimensional optical raindrop spectrometer. It is a light-page scanning device that is perpendicular to each other and maintains a certain distance. It is used as a light-sensing raindrop tool. When raindrops fall into the observation area, raindrops It will be recorded by the sensor, and the shape and particle size of the raindrop will be calculated by the sensor interception time. The light beam beam at different heights of the ramp can be used to calculate the raindrop passage time difference and calculate the vertical drop speed of the raindrop. However, the raindrop detection process under strong winds causes a matching error between the two sensors to be a disadvantage. At present, the two-dimensional optical raindrop spectrometer can provide the falling velocity and shape observation of the raindrop, and further calculate other rainfall integral parameters such as rainfall rate and echo intensity.

影像式偵測雨滴譜儀利用高取樣速率攝影機,記錄降雪、降雨等自然物理現象已越來越普遍。但其最大不足在於無法測量雨滴降落速度,且未能有更進一步有效地探討雨滴粒徑對降雨帶來的影響。Image-detecting raindrop spectrometers use high-sampling rate cameras to record natural physical phenomena such as snowfall and rainfall. However, its biggest shortcoming is the inability to measure the raindrop landing speed, and it has not been able to further effectively investigate the impact of raindrop size on rainfall.

綜上所述,可知先前技術中長期以來一直存在現有雨滴譜儀設備無法避免計算誤差的問題,因此有必要提出改進的技術手段,來解決此一問題。In summary, it can be seen that the prior art has long been the problem that the existing raindrop spectrometer equipment cannot avoid the calculation error, so it is necessary to propose an improved technical means to solve this problem.

有鑒於先前技術存在現有雨滴譜儀設備無法避免計算誤差的問題,本發明遂揭露一種雨滴偵測系統及其方法,其中:In view of the prior art, there is a problem that the existing raindrop spectrometer device cannot avoid the calculation error, and the present invention discloses a raindrop detection system and a method thereof, wherein:

本發明所揭露的雨滴偵測系統,其包含:照明裝置、影像擷取裝置以及影像處理裝置。The raindrop detection system disclosed in the present invention comprises: an illumination device, an image capture device, and an image processing device.

其中,照明裝置是提供雨滴觀測範圍的照明;影像擷取裝置是用以自雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像;及影像處理裝置預先儲存有背景影像,影像處理裝置與影像擷取裝置建立連線,自影像擷取裝置取得雨滴觀測影像,將雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數。The illumination device is for providing illumination of the raindrop observation range; the image capture device is for extracting multiple raindrop observation images from the raindrop observation range; and the image processing device pre-stores the background image, and the image processing device and the image capture device are established. Connected, the raindrop observation image is taken from the image capturing device, the raindrop observation image is subtracted from the background image and processed by the closed contour boundary to obtain multiple raindrop contour images, and the raindrop position obtained according to the raindrop contour image continuously changes to calculate the raindrop Related parameters.

本發明所揭露的雨滴偵測方法,其包含下列步驟:The raindrop detecting method disclosed in the present invention comprises the following steps:

首先,提供照明雨滴觀測範圍的照明裝置;接著,提供自雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像的影像擷取裝置;接著,提供預先儲存有背景影像的影像處理裝置;接著,影像處理裝置與影像擷取裝置建立連線,自影像擷取裝置取得雨滴觀測影像;最後,影像處理裝置將雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數。Firstly, providing an illumination device for illuminating the raindrop observation range; and then providing an image capture device for extracting a plurality of raindrop observation images from the raindrop observation range; and then providing an image processing device pre-stored with the background image; and then, the image processing device and The image capturing device establishes a connection and obtains a raindrop observation image from the image capturing device. Finally, the image processing device subtracts the raindrop observation image from the background image and processes the closed contour boundary to obtain multiple raindrop contour images according to the raindrop contour image. The obtained raindrop position is continuously changed to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrop.

本發明所揭露的系統及方法如上,與先前技術之間的差異在於透過照明裝置提供雨滴觀測範圍的照明,影像擷取裝置擷取自雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像,由影像處理裝置將雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數,綜合計算上述雨滴的相關參數即可得到降雨情形變化。The system and method disclosed in the present invention are as above, and the difference from the prior art is that the illumination device provides illumination of the raindrop observation range, and the image capture device extracts multiple raindrop observation images from the raindrop observation range, and the image processing device The raindrop observation image is subtracted from the background image and processed by the closed contour boundary to obtain multiple raindrop contour images. The raindrop position obtained according to the raindrop contour image is continuously changed to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrop, and the relevant parameters of the raindrop can be comprehensively calculated. The rainfall situation changes.

透過上述的技術手段,本發明可以達成提供方便進行雨滴偵測的技術功效。Through the above technical means, the present invention can achieve the technical effect of providing convenient raindrop detection.

以下將配合圖式及實施例來詳細說明本發明的實施方式,藉此對本發明如何應用技術手段來解決技術問題並達成技術功效的實現過程能充分理解並據以實施。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments, so that the application of the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.

以下首先要說明本發明所揭露的雨滴偵測系統,並請參考「第1圖」所示,「第1圖」繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的系統方塊圖。The following is a description of the raindrop detection system disclosed in the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the raindrop detection system of the present invention.

本發明所揭露的雨滴偵測系統,其包含:照明裝置10、影像擷取裝置20以及影像處理裝置30。The raindrop detection system disclosed in the present invention comprises: an illumination device 10, an image capture device 20, and an image processing device 30.

照明裝置10是提供雨滴觀測範圍的照明,照明裝置10為均勻面型光源,且照明裝置10可以是以採用發光二極體(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)、螢光燈或是白熾燈…等作為發光光源,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇。The illumination device 10 is illumination for providing a raindrop observation range, the illumination device 10 is a uniform surface light source, and the illumination device 10 may be a light-emitting diode (LED), a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp, etc. The illuminating light source is merely illustrative here, and is not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention.

值得注意的是,照明裝置10相對於影像擷取裝置20可提供雨滴觀測範圍不同照明角度的照明,舉例來說,照明裝置10與影像擷取裝置20可呈現90度夾角的配置方式,藉以提供雨滴觀測範圍橫向的照明;照明裝置10與影像擷取裝置20可呈現45度或是135度夾角的配置方式,藉以提供雨滴觀測範圍斜向的照明;照明裝置10與影像擷取裝置20可呈現0度或是180度夾角的配置方式,藉以提供雨滴觀測範圍直向的照明,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇,透過照明裝置10的照明,即可使影像擷取裝置20自雨滴觀測範圍擷取雨滴觀測影像時,雨滴觀測影像中的雨滴邊緣輪廓的對比會較為明顯,更容易於雨滴觀測影像分析出雨滴的輪廓。It should be noted that the illumination device 10 can provide illumination with different illumination angles of the raindrop observation range relative to the image capture device 20. For example, the illumination device 10 and the image capture device 20 can be arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, thereby providing The illumination device 10 and the image capturing device 20 can be arranged at an angle of 45 degrees or 135 degrees to provide oblique illumination of the raindrop observation range; the illumination device 10 and the image capturing device 20 can be presented. The arrangement of 0 degree or 180 degree angle is provided to provide direct illumination of the raindrop observation range, which is merely exemplified herein, and is not limited to the application scope of the present invention, and can be made through illumination of the illumination device 10. When the image capturing device 20 extracts the raindrop observation image from the raindrop observation range, the contrast of the raindrop edge contour in the raindrop observation image is more obvious, and it is easier to analyze the raindrop contour in the raindrop observation image.

除此之外,照明裝置10更可以配合使用不同的光學元件(例如:反射光學元件、聚光光學元件、散光光學元件…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇)以提供雨滴觀測範圍的不同波長照明、調整雨滴觀測範圍或是避免環境光源影響,而在影像擷取裝置20亦可裝設有鏡頭光學元件(例如:偏振光學元件、濾波光學元件…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇),進而提升照明裝置10的照明雨滴產生折射之光線和背景光源之對比,可使影像擷取裝置20自雨滴觀測範圍擷取雨滴觀測影像時,雨滴觀測影像中的雨滴邊緣輪廓的對比會較為明顯,更容易於雨滴觀測影像分析出雨滴的輪廓。In addition, the illumination device 10 can be used in combination with different optical components (for example, reflective optical components, concentrating optical components, astigmatic optical components, etc., etc., which are merely exemplified herein, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Application range) to provide different wavelength illumination of the raindrop observation range, adjust the raindrop observation range or avoid the influence of the ambient light source, and the image capturing device 20 can also be equipped with lens optical components (for example: polarizing optical components, filtering optical components... And the like, which is merely exemplified herein, and is not limited to the application scope of the present invention, thereby improving the contrast between the refracted light of the illumination device 10 and the background light source, so that the image capturing device 20 can be observed from the raindrops. When the raindrop observation image is taken, the contrast of the edge contour of the raindrop in the raindrop observation image is more obvious, and it is easier to analyze the contour of the raindrop in the raindrop observation image.

更進一步來說,更可設置單一色彩(例如:黑色、藍色、紅色、綠色…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇)的背景元件 ,使影像擷取裝置20自雨滴觀測範圍擷取雨滴觀測影像時,可以擷取到單色背景的雨滴觀測影像,更容易於雨滴觀測影像分析出雨滴的輪廓。Furthermore, it is also possible to set a background element of a single color (for example, black, blue, red, green, etc., which is merely exemplified herein, and is not limited to the scope of application of the present invention). When the device 20 picks up the raindrop observation image from the raindrop observation range, the raindrop observation image of the monochrome background can be captured, and the contour of the raindrop is more easily analyzed by the raindrop observation image.

影像處理裝置30中預先儲存有背景影像,背景影像即為未下雨時由影像處理裝置30所擷取到的影像,影像處理裝置30與影像擷取裝置20可透過有線傳輸方式或是無線傳輸方式建立連線,上述有線傳輸方式包含有線網路、傳輸線…等,上述無線傳輸方式包含無線網路、Wi-Fi、藍牙(Bluetooth)…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇,以自影像擷取裝置取得多個雨滴觀測影像。The background image is pre-stored in the image processing device 30. The background image is the image captured by the image processing device 30 when it is not raining. The image processing device 30 and the image capturing device 20 can be transmitted by wire transmission or wirelessly. The connection method is established. The above wired transmission method includes a wired network, a transmission line, etc., and the above wireless transmission methods include a wireless network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc., which are merely exemplified herein, and are not Limiting the application of the present invention, a plurality of raindrop observation images are acquired from the image capturing device.

接著,影像處理裝置30即可將每一個雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減後,再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,即可依據雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數,雨滴的相關參數包含雨滴位置、雨滴粒徑、雨滴體積、雨滴偏斜角度、雨滴降落速度、雨滴粒徑分布以及降雨率,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇。Then, the image processing device 30 can subtract each raindrop observation image from the background image, and then process the closed contour boundary to obtain multiple raindrop contour images, so that the raindrop position obtained according to the raindrop contour image can be continuously changed to calculate Related parameters of raindrops, relevant parameters of raindrops include raindrop position, raindrop size, raindrop volume, raindrop deflection angle, raindrop landing velocity, raindrop particle size distribution, and rainfall rate, which are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited thereto. The scope of application of the present invention.

雨滴位置可由雨滴輪廓影像的影像座標得到,雨滴粒徑即可透過雨滴輪廓計算得到,雨滴體積是假設雨滴為圓球形,由雨滴粒徑以及圓球形體積公式計算得到,雨滴降落路徑即是由比對兩個雨滴輪廓影像所得到,雨滴偏斜角度即是雨滴降落路徑與 軸所形成的夾角,雨滴降落速度即是比對兩個雨滴輪廓影像雨滴的移動距離除以兩個雨滴輪廓影像的擷取時間差得到。 The position of the raindrop can be obtained from the image coordinates of the raindrop contour image. The raindrop size can be calculated from the raindrop contour. The raindrop volume is assumed to be spherical, calculated by the raindrop size and the spherical volume formula. The raindrop landing path is compared. The two raindrop contour images are obtained, and the raindrop deflection angle is the raindrop landing path and The angle formed by the axis, the raindrop landing speed is obtained by dividing the moving distance of the two raindrop contour image raindrops by the time difference of the two raindrop contour images.

進一步來說,雨滴粒徑分布 可表示為單位體積下,雨滴數量相對於粒徑之分布個數,並可透過下列公式計算得到: Further, the raindrop size distribution It can be expressed as the number of raindrops relative to the particle size per unit volume and can be calculated by the following formula:

上述 為每張雨滴輪廓影像中雨滴的數量, 為雨滴觀測範圍體積, 為選取的雨滴粒徑間距, 為雨滴觀測範圍垂直方向機率密度, 為雨滴觀測範圍水平方向機率密度。 Above For the number of raindrops in the contour image of each raindrop, For the raindrop observation range volume, For the selected raindrop size spacing, The probability density in the vertical direction of the raindrop observation range, The probability density in the horizontal direction of the raindrop observation range.

進一步來說,降雨率 可透過下列公式計算得到: Further, the rainfall rate It can be calculated by the following formula:

上述 為雨滴粒徑分布, 為速度分布, 為雨滴等效直徑, 為雨滴密度。 Above For raindrop size distribution, For speed distribution, For the equivalent diameter of the raindrop, For raindrop density.

綜合計算上述雨滴的相關參數即可得到降雨情形變化。The rainfall condition can be obtained by comprehensively calculating the relevant parameters of the above raindrops.

接著,以下將以一個實施例來解說本發明的運作方式及流程,以下的實施例說明將同步配合「第1圖」以及「第2圖」所示進行說明,「第2圖」繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的方法流程圖。Next, the operation mode and flow of the present invention will be described below by way of an embodiment. The following embodiments will be described with reference to "first figure" and "second figure", and "second figure" is shown as A flow chart of a method for detecting raindrops of the present invention.

請參考「第3圖」所示,「第3圖」繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的系統架構示意圖。Please refer to "Fig. 3", which is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the raindrop detection of the present invention.

照明裝置10是提供雨滴觀測範圍41的照明(步驟101),照明裝置10為均勻面型光源,且在實施例中照明裝置10可以是以採用發光二極體(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)作為發光光源,除此之外亦可採用螢光燈或是白熾燈…等作為發光光源,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇。The illumination device 10 is illumination providing a raindrop observation range 41 (step 101), and the illumination device 10 is a uniform surface light source, and in the embodiment, the illumination device 10 may be a light-emitting diode (LED). In addition to the illuminating light source, a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp can be used as the illuminating light source, which is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention.

值得注意的是,照明裝置10相對於影像擷取裝置20可提供雨滴觀測範圍41不同照明角度的照明,在實施例中照明裝置10與影像擷取裝置20是呈現90度夾角的配置方式,提供雨滴觀測範圍41橫向的照明。除此之外,照明裝置10與影像擷取裝置20亦可呈現45度或是135度夾角的配置方式,藉以提供雨滴觀測範圍41斜向的照明;照明裝置10與影像擷取裝置20亦可呈現0度或是180度夾角的配置方式,藉以提供雨滴觀測範圍41直向的照明,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇,透過照明裝置10的照明,即可使影像擷取裝置20自雨滴觀測範圍41擷取雨滴觀測影像(步驟102)時,雨滴觀測影像中的雨滴邊緣輪廓的對比會較為明顯,更容易於雨滴觀測影像分析出雨滴的輪廓。It should be noted that the illumination device 10 can provide illumination with different illumination angles of the raindrop observation range 41 with respect to the image capture device 20. In the embodiment, the illumination device 10 and the image capture device 20 are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, and are provided. Raindrop observation range 41 lateral illumination. In addition, the illumination device 10 and the image capturing device 20 can also be arranged at an angle of 45 degrees or 135 degrees, thereby providing illumination in the oblique direction of the raindrop observation range 41; the illumination device 10 and the image capturing device 20 can also be used. The arrangement of the angle of 0 degrees or 180 degrees is provided, so as to provide the direct illumination of the raindrop observation range 41, which is merely exemplified herein, and is not limited to the application scope of the present invention, and the illumination of the illumination device 10 is When the image capturing device 20 can extract the raindrop observation image from the raindrop observation range 41 (step 102), the contrast of the raindrop edge contour in the raindrop observation image is more obvious, and it is easier to analyze the contour of the raindrop in the raindrop observation image.

照明裝置10更可以配合使用不同的光學元件42(例如:反射光學元件、聚光光學元件、散光光學元件…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇)以提供雨滴觀測範圍41的不同波長照明、調整雨滴觀測範圍41或是避免環境光源影響。The illuminating device 10 can also be used with different optical elements 42 (for example, reflective optical elements, concentrating optical elements, astigmatic optical elements, etc., which are merely illustrative, and are not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention) Provide different wavelength illumination of the raindrop observation range 41, adjust the raindrop observation range 41 or avoid the influence of ambient light sources.

而在實施例中,影像擷取裝置20亦可裝設有鏡頭光學元件43(例如:偏振光學元件、濾波光學元件…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇),進而提升照明裝置10的照明雨滴產生折射之光線和背景光源之對比,可使影像擷取裝置20自雨滴觀測範圍41擷取雨滴觀測影像時,雨滴觀測影像中的雨滴邊緣輪廓的對比會較為明顯,更容易於雨滴觀測影像分析出雨滴的輪廓。In the embodiment, the image capturing device 20 may also be provided with a lens optical element 43 (for example, a polarizing optical element, a filtering optical element, etc., which is merely illustrative herein, and is not limited thereto. Scope), thereby improving the contrast between the refracted light of the illumination device 10 and the background light source, so that the image capturing device 20 can compare the edge contour of the raindrop in the raindrop observation image when the raindrop observation image is captured from the raindrop observation range 41 It will be more obvious, and it is easier to analyze the contours of raindrops in raindrop observation images.

在實施例中,更進一步設置單一色彩(例如:黑色、藍色、紅色、綠色…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇)的背景元件44,使影像擷取裝置20自雨滴觀測範圍41擷取雨滴觀測影像時,可以擷取到單色背景的雨滴觀測影像,更容易於雨滴觀測影像分析出雨滴的輪廓。In the embodiment, the background element 44 of a single color (for example, black, blue, red, green, etc., which is merely exemplified herein, and is not limited to the scope of application of the invention) is further provided to enable the image When the raindrop observation image is taken from the raindrop observation range 41, the capture device 20 can capture the raindrop observation image on a monochrome background, and it is easier to analyze the contour of the raindrop on the raindrop observation image.

影像處理裝置30中預先儲存有背景影像(步驟103),背景影像即為未下雨時由影像處理裝置30所擷取到的影像,影像處理裝置30與影像擷取裝置20可透過有線傳輸方式或是無線傳輸方式建立連線,上述有線傳輸方式包含有線網路、傳輸線…等,上述無線傳輸方式包含無線網路、Wi-Fi、藍牙(Bluetooth)…等,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇,以自影像擷取裝置取得多個雨滴觀測影像(步驟104)。The background image is pre-stored in the image processing device 30 (step 103). The background image is the image captured by the image processing device 30 when it is not raining. The image processing device 30 and the image capturing device 20 can transmit through the wired transmission mode. Or wireless transmission mode to establish a connection, the above-mentioned wired transmission mode includes a wired network, a transmission line, etc., and the above wireless transmission methods include a wireless network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc., which are merely exemplified herein. Instead of limiting the scope of application of the present invention, a plurality of raindrop observation images are acquired from the image capture device (step 104).

接著,請參考「第4A圖」以及「第4B圖」所示,「第4A圖」以及「第4B圖」繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的雨滴輪廓影像示意圖。Next, please refer to "4A" and "4B", and "4A" and "4B" are schematic views of the raindrop contour image of the raindrop detection of the present invention.

影像處理裝置30即可將每一個雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減後,再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像51,即可依據雨滴輪廓影像51得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數(步驟105),雨滴的相關參數包含雨滴位置、雨滴粒徑、雨滴體積、雨滴偏斜角度、雨滴降落速度、雨滴粒徑分布以及降雨率,在此僅為舉例說明之,並不以此侷限本發明的應用範疇。The image processing device 30 can subtract each raindrop observation image from the background image, and then process the closed contour boundary to obtain a plurality of raindrop contour images 51, so that the raindrop position obtained according to the raindrop contour image 51 can be continuously changed to calculate Related parameters of the raindrop (step 105), the relevant parameters of the raindrop include the position of the raindrop, the particle size of the raindrop, the volume of the raindrop, the angle of the raindrop deflection, the falling velocity of the raindrop, the particle size distribution of the raindrop, and the rainfall rate, which are merely exemplified herein, and This does not limit the scope of application of the invention.

雨滴位置可由雨滴輪廓影像51的影像座標得到,雨滴粒徑即可透過雨滴輪廓計算得到,雨滴體積是假設雨滴為圓球形,由雨滴粒徑以及圓球形體積公式計算得到,雨滴降落路徑即是由比對兩個雨滴輪廓影像所得到,雨滴偏斜角度即是雨滴降落路徑與 軸所形成的夾角,雨滴降落速度即是比對兩個雨滴輪廓影像雨滴的移動距離除以兩個雨滴輪廓影像51的擷取時間差得到。 The position of the raindrop can be obtained from the image coordinates of the raindrop contour image 51. The raindrop size can be calculated from the raindrop contour. The raindrop volume is assumed to be a spherical shape, calculated from the raindrop size and the spherical volume formula. The raindrop landing path is calculated by the ratio. Obtained from the two raindrop contour images, the raindrop deflection angle is the raindrop landing path and The angle formed by the shaft, the raindrop falling speed is obtained by dividing the moving distance of the two raindrop contour image raindrops by the drawing time difference of the two raindrop contour images 51.

進一步來說,雨滴粒徑分布 可表示為單位體積下,雨滴數量相對於粒徑之分布個數,並可透過下列公式計算得到: Further, the raindrop size distribution It can be expressed as the number of raindrops relative to the particle size per unit volume and can be calculated by the following formula:

上述 為每張雨滴輪廓影像中雨滴的數量, 為雨滴觀測範圍41體積, 為選取的雨滴粒徑間距, 為雨滴觀測範圍41垂直方向機率密度, 為雨滴觀測範圍41水平方向機率密度。 Above For the number of raindrops in the contour image of each raindrop, For the raindrop observation range of 41 volumes, For the selected raindrop size spacing, For the raindrop observation range 41 vertical direction probability density, The probability density in the horizontal direction for the raindrop observation range 41.

進一步來說,降雨率 可透過下列公式計算得到: Further, the rainfall rate It can be calculated by the following formula:

上述 為雨滴粒徑分布, 為速度分布, 為雨滴等效直徑, 為雨滴密度。 Above For raindrop size distribution, For speed distribution, For the equivalent diameter of the raindrop, For raindrop density.

綜合計算上述雨滴的相關參數即可得到降雨情形變化。The rainfall condition can be obtained by comprehensively calculating the relevant parameters of the above raindrops.

綜上所述,可知本發明與先前技術之間的差異在於透過照明裝置提供雨滴觀測範圍的照明,影像擷取裝置擷取自雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像,由影像處理裝置將雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數,綜合計算上述雨滴的相關參數即可得到降雨情形變化。In summary, it can be seen that the difference between the present invention and the prior art is that the illumination device provides illumination of the raindrop observation range, and the image capture device extracts multiple raindrop observation images from the raindrop observation range, and the raindrops are collected by the image processing device. The observed image is subtracted from the background image and processed by the closed contour boundary to obtain multiple raindrop contour images. The raindrop position obtained from the raindrop contour image is continuously changed to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrop, and the relevant parameters of the raindrop are comprehensively calculated to obtain the rainfall. The situation changes.

藉由此一技術手段可以來解決先前技術所存在現有雨滴譜儀設備無法避免計算誤差的問題,進而達成提供方便進行雨滴偵測的技術功效。By means of this technical means, the problem that the prior art raindrop spectrometer device cannot avoid the calculation error in the prior art can be solved, thereby achieving the technical effect of providing convenient raindrop detection.

雖然本發明所揭露的實施方式如上,惟所述的內容並非用以直接限定本發明的專利保護範圍。任何本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明所揭露的精神和範圍的前提下,可以在實施的形式上及細節上作些許的更動。本發明的專利保護範圍,仍須以所附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any changes in the form and details of the embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined by the scope of the appended claims.

10‧‧‧照明裝置
20‧‧‧影像擷取裝置
30‧‧‧影像處理裝置
41‧‧‧雨滴觀測範圍
42‧‧‧光學元件
43‧‧‧鏡頭光學元件
44‧‧‧背景元件
51‧‧‧雨滴輪廓影像
步驟 101‧‧‧提供照明雨滴觀測範圍的照明裝置
步驟 102‧‧‧提供自雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像的影像擷取裝置
步驟 103‧‧‧提供預先儲存有背景影像的影像處理裝置
步驟 104‧‧‧影像處理裝置與影像擷取裝置建立連線,自影像擷取裝置取得雨滴觀測影像
步驟 105‧‧‧影像處理裝置將雨滴觀測影像與背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數
10‧‧‧Lighting device
20‧‧‧Image capture device
30‧‧‧Image processing device
41‧‧‧ Raindrop observation range
42‧‧‧Optical components
43‧‧‧Lens optics
44‧‧‧Background components
51‧‧‧ Raindrop Contour Image Steps 101‧‧‧Environmental Devices Providing Illuminated Raindrop Observation Ranges 102‧‧‧ Providing image capture devices for capturing multiple raindrop observation images from the raindrop observation range Step 103‧‧‧ Provide pre-storage Image processing device with background image Step 104‧‧ ‧ Image processing device and image capturing device are connected, and raindrop observation image is taken from image capturing device. Step 105 ‧ ‧ Image processing device subtracts raindrop observation image from background image Then, the closed contour boundary is processed to obtain multiple raindrop contour images, and the raindrop position obtained according to the raindrop contour image continuously changes to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrop.

第1圖繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的系統方塊圖。 第2圖繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的方法流程圖。 第3圖繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的系統架構示意圖。 第4A圖以及第4B圖繪示為本發明雨滴偵測的雨滴輪廓影像示意圖。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for raindrop detection according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for detecting raindrops according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of the raindrop detection of the present invention. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing the raindrop contour image of the raindrop detection of the present invention.

10‧‧‧照明裝置 10‧‧‧Lighting device

20‧‧‧影像擷取裝置 20‧‧‧Image capture device

30‧‧‧影像處理裝置 30‧‧‧Image processing device

41‧‧‧雨滴觀測範圍 41‧‧‧ Raindrop observation range

42‧‧‧光學元件 42‧‧‧Optical components

43‧‧‧鏡頭光學元件 43‧‧‧Lens optics

44‧‧‧背景元件 44‧‧‧Background components

Claims (8)

一種雨滴偵測系統,其包含:一照明裝置,所述照明裝置提供一雨滴觀測範圍的照明,所述照明裝置為均勻面型光源,所述照明裝置相對於所述影像擷取裝置提供所述雨滴觀測範圍不同照明角度的照明,且所述照明裝置更可配合使用不同的光學元件以提供所述雨滴觀測範圍的不同波長照明、調整所述雨滴觀測範圍或是避免環境光源影響;一影像擷取裝置,用以自所述雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像;及一影像處理裝置,所述影像處理裝置預先儲存有一背景影像,所述影像處理裝置與所述影像擷取裝置建立連線,自所述影像擷取裝置取得所述雨滴觀測影像,將所述雨滴觀測影像與所述背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據所述雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數。 A raindrop detection system includes: an illumination device that provides illumination of a raindrop observation range, the illumination device being a uniform surface light source, the illumination device providing the same with respect to the image capture device The raindrops observe illumination of different illumination angles, and the illumination device can cooperate with different optical components to provide different wavelength illumination of the raindrop observation range, adjust the raindrop observation range or avoid the influence of the ambient light source; And a device for extracting a plurality of raindrop observation images from the raindrop observation range; and an image processing device, wherein the image processing device prestores a background image, and the image processing device is connected to the image capturing device a line, the raindrop observation image is obtained from the image capturing device, and the raindrop observation image is subtracted from the background image and processed by a closed contour boundary to obtain a plurality of raindrop contour images, which are obtained according to the raindrop contour image. The position of the raindrops changes continuously to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrops. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的雨滴偵測系統,其中所述雨滴的相關參數包含雨滴位置、雨滴粒徑、雨滴體積、雨滴偏斜角度、雨滴降落速度、雨滴粒徑分布以及降雨率。 The raindrop detection system of claim 1, wherein the raindrop related parameters include a raindrop location, a raindrop size, a raindrop volume, a raindrop deflection angle, a raindrop landing velocity, a raindrop particle size distribution, and a rain rate. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的雨滴偵測系統,其中所述影像處理裝置更裝設有一偏振光學元件。 The raindrop detecting system of claim 1, wherein the image processing device further comprises a polarizing optical element. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的雨滴偵測系統,其中所述雨滴偵測系統更包含一背景元件,以提供所述影像擷取裝置擷取單色背景的所述雨滴觀測影像。 The raindrop detection system of claim 1, wherein the raindrop detection system further comprises a background element for providing the image capturing device to capture the raindrop observation image of a monochrome background. 一種雨滴偵測方法,其包含下列步驟:提供照明一雨滴觀測範圍的一照明裝置,所述照明裝置為均勻面型光源,所述照明裝置相對於所述影像擷取裝置提供所述雨滴觀測範圍不同照明角度的照明,且所述照明裝置更可配合使用不同的光學元件以提供所述雨滴觀測範圍的不同波長照明、調整所述雨滴觀測範圍或是避免環境光源影響;提供自所述雨滴觀測範圍擷取多張雨滴觀測影像的一影像擷取裝置;提供預先儲存有一背景影像的一影像處理裝置;所述影像處理裝置與所述影像擷取裝置建立連線,自所述影像擷取裝置取得所述雨滴觀測影像;及所述影像處理裝置將所述雨滴觀測影像與所述背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據所述雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數。 A raindrop detecting method includes the following steps: providing an illumination device for illuminating a raindrop observation range, the illumination device being a uniform surface light source, the illumination device providing the raindrop observation range relative to the image capture device Illumination of different illumination angles, and the illumination device can be used in combination with different optical elements to provide different wavelength illumination of the raindrop observation range, adjust the raindrop observation range or avoid environmental light source effects; provide from the raindrop observation An image capturing device for capturing a plurality of raindrop observation images; providing an image processing device pre-stored with a background image; the image processing device establishing a connection with the image capturing device, the image capturing device Obtaining the raindrop observation image; and the image processing device subtracts the raindrop observation image from the background image and processes the closed contour boundary to obtain a plurality of raindrop contour images, and the raindrop position obtained according to the raindrop contour image Continuous changes to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrops. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的雨滴偵測方法,其中所述影像處理裝置將所述雨滴觀測影像與所述背景影像相減再由封閉輪廓邊界處理以得到多張雨滴輪廓影像,依據所述雨滴輪廓影像得到的雨滴位置連續變化以計算出雨滴的相關參數的步驟中,所述雨滴的相關參數包含雨滴體積、雨滴偏斜角度、雨滴降落速度、雨滴粒徑分布以及降雨率。 The method for detecting a raindrop according to claim 5, wherein the image processing device subtracts the raindrop observation image from the background image and processes the closed contour boundary to obtain a plurality of raindrop contour images. In the step of continuously changing the position of the raindrop obtained by the raindrop contour image to calculate the relevant parameters of the raindrop, the relevant parameters of the raindrop include a raindrop volume, a raindrop deflection angle, a raindrop landing speed, a raindrop particle size distribution, and a rain rate. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的雨滴偵測方法,其中提供預先儲存有所述背景影像的所述影像處理裝置的步驟中,所述影像處理裝置更裝設有一鏡頭光學元件。 The raindrop detecting method according to claim 5, wherein in the step of providing the image processing device in which the background image is stored in advance, the image processing device further includes a lens optical element. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的雨滴偵測方法,其中所述雨滴偵測方法更包含提供一背景元件,以提供所述影像擷取裝置擷取單色背景的所述雨滴觀測影像的步驟。 The raindrop detecting method of claim 5, wherein the raindrop detecting method further comprises the step of providing a background element to provide the image capturing device to capture the raindrop observation image of a monochrome background. .
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