TWI513092B - A circulation circuit and a method for improving the isolation of the circulation circuit - Google Patents

A circulation circuit and a method for improving the isolation of the circulation circuit Download PDF

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TWI513092B
TWI513092B TW102133022A TW102133022A TWI513092B TW I513092 B TWI513092 B TW I513092B TW 102133022 A TW102133022 A TW 102133022A TW 102133022 A TW102133022 A TW 102133022A TW I513092 B TWI513092 B TW I513092B
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signal
circulator
port
phase shifter
reflection
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TW102133022A
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TW201511485A (en
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Po Wen Chen
Hen Wai Tsao
Jingshown Wu
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Univ Nat Taiwan
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循環器電路及提升循環器電路隔離度的方法Circulator circuit and method for improving circuit isolation of circulator

本發明系關於一種作為雙工器的循環器電路,特別關於一種具有高隔離度的循環器電路。The present invention relates to a circulator circuit as a duplexer, and more particularly to a circulator circuit having high isolation.

關於無線通訊的研究中,有許多人欲將循環器作為雙工器使用。而其中最關鍵的問題即是在於雙工器的發射端之信號強度較接收端之接收信號高上許多,且一般循環器之隔離度較低,故發射信號會干擾甚至覆蓋接收信號。In the study of wireless communication, many people want to use the circulator as a duplexer. The most critical problem is that the signal strength of the transmitting end of the duplexer is much higher than that of the receiving end, and the isolation of the general circulator is low, so the transmitted signal will interfere or even cover the received signal.

因此,提出一種具有高隔離度的循環器是有其必要的,以減少在接收端出現之發射信號。Therefore, it is necessary to propose a circulator with high isolation to reduce the emission signal appearing at the receiving end.

有鑑於先前技術之缺點,因此,需要發展一種具有高隔離度的循環器電路,可將洩漏電流降至極小值。In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is a need to develop a circulator circuit with high isolation to minimize leakage current.

根據本發明循環器電路之一實施例,包括一第一功率分配器、一第一循環器、一第二循環器、一平衡不平衡轉換器、一耦合器、一功率偵測器以及一反射調節器,其中該第一功率分配器將該輸入信號分配為一第一信號及一第二信號後分別輸出,該第一循環器將該第一信號導至輸出埠,並將進入輸出埠的另一輸入信號導至第一連接埠,該第二循環器將該第二信號導至第二連接埠,該平衡不平衡轉換器將該另一輸入信號與該第二信號取平衡端的差後輸出一洩漏信 號,該耦合器將該洩漏信號輸出至一觀察埠,並耦合為一洩漏參考信號,反射調節器連接於該功率偵測器與該第二循環器之間,該功率偵測器根據該洩漏參考信號的大小調整該反射調節器的一反射信號,透過該反射調節器將該反射信號輸出至該第二循環器,以補償該第一循環器與該第二循環器的不匹配,藉此降低該觀察埠輸出之該洩漏信號。An embodiment of the circulator circuit according to the present invention includes a first power splitter, a first circulator, a second circulator, a balun, a coupler, a power detector, and a reflection. a regulator, wherein the first power splitter distributes the input signal as a first signal and a second signal, respectively, and the first circulator leads the first signal to the output port, and enters the output port The other input signal is led to the first port, the second circulator leads the second signal to the second port, and the balun takes the difference between the other input signal and the second signal. Output a leak letter No. The coupler outputs the leakage signal to an observation 埠 and is coupled as a leakage reference signal, and the reflection regulator is connected between the power detector and the second circulator, and the power detector is based on the leakage Adjusting a reflection signal of the reflection regulator by the size of the reference signal, and outputting the reflection signal to the second circulator through the reflection regulator to compensate for a mismatch between the first circulator and the second circulator, thereby The leakage signal output by the observation 降低 is lowered.

根據本發明提升循環器電路隔離度的方法之一實施例,包括由一第一功率分配器將一輸入信號分配為一第一信號及一第二信號後分別從兩個分路埠輸出;由一第一循環器將該第一信號導至該第一循環器的一輸出埠,再將進入該輸出埠的另一輸入信號導至該第一循環器的一第一連接埠,由一第二循環器將該第二信號導至該第二循環器的一第二連接埠;由一平衡不平衡轉換器將該另一輸入信號與該第二信號取平衡端的差後輸出一洩漏信號;由一耦合器將該洩漏信號輸出至一觀察埠,並耦合為一洩漏參考信號;由一功率偵測器根據該洩漏參考信號的大小調整一反射調節器的一反射信號的大小及相位;以及透過該反射調節器將該反射信號輸出至該第二循環器,以補償該第一循環器與該第二循環器的不匹配,藉此降低該觀察埠輸出之該洩漏信號。An embodiment of the method for improving the isolation of the circulator circuit according to the present invention includes: distributing, by a first power divider, an input signal as a first signal and a second signal, respectively, outputting from the two branches ;; a first circulator leads the first signal to an output port of the first circulator, and then leads another input signal entering the output port to a first port of the first circulator, The second circulator leads the second signal to a second port of the second circulator; the difference between the other input signal and the second signal is balanced by a balun to output a leakage signal; The leakage signal is outputted by a coupler to an observation 埠 and coupled to a leakage reference signal; a power detector adjusts the magnitude and phase of a reflected signal of a reflection adjuster according to the size of the leakage reference signal; The reflected signal is output to the second circulator through the reflection adjuster to compensate for the mismatch between the first circulator and the second circulator, thereby reducing the leakage signal of the observation 埠 output.

本發明之循環器電路使用了兩個一般的循環器,藉由信號消除及微調反射諧調器之反射係數,使循環器電路之隔離度和可應用頻寬相較於一般循環器有大幅的改善。The circulator circuit of the present invention uses two general circulators, and the signal isolation and fine-tuning the reflection coefficient of the reflection tuner, so that the isolation and applicable bandwidth of the circulator circuit are greatly improved compared with the general circulator. .

1‧‧‧循環器電路1‧‧‧Circulator circuit

10‧‧‧第一功率分配器10‧‧‧First power splitter

12‧‧‧第一循環器12‧‧‧First Circulator

14‧‧‧第二循環器14‧‧‧Second Circulator

16‧‧‧平衡不平衡轉換器16‧‧‧Balanced unbalance converter

17‧‧‧耦合器17‧‧‧ Coupler

18‧‧‧功率偵測器18‧‧‧Power Detector

19‧‧‧反射調節器19‧‧‧Reflecting regulator

191‧‧‧第二功率分配器191‧‧‧Second power splitter

193、195、197‧‧‧相位位移器193, 195, 197‧‧‧ phase shifters

V1、V2、V3、V4‧‧‧可變電容V1, V2, V3, V4‧‧‧ variable capacitor

P1‧‧‧輸入埠P1‧‧‧ Input埠

P2‧‧‧輸出埠P2‧‧‧ Output埠

P3‧‧‧觀察埠P3‧‧‧ Observatory

C1、C2、C3、C4‧‧‧連接埠C1, C2, C3, C4‧‧‧ ports

Si‧‧‧輸入信號Si‧‧‧ input signal

S1‧‧‧第一信號S1‧‧‧ first signal

S2‧‧‧第二信號S2‧‧‧ second signal

So‧‧‧輸出信號So‧‧‧ output signal

SL‧‧‧洩漏信號SL‧‧‧ leak signal

SL'‧‧‧洩漏參考信號SL'‧‧‧ leak reference signal

Sc‧‧‧補償信號Sc‧‧‧compensation signal

Sr‧‧‧反射信號Sr‧‧·reflection signal

R1‧‧‧上路R1‧‧‧On the road

R2‧‧‧下路R2‧‧‧Lower

S201~S213‧‧‧提升循環器電路隔離度的方法步驟S201~S213‧‧‧ Method steps for improving the isolation of the circulator circuit

Γ、Γ1、Γ2、Γ3、Γ4‧‧‧電容反射係數Γ, Γ 1, Γ 2, Γ 3, Γ 4‧‧ ‧ capacitance reflection coefficient

A‧‧‧電容反射係數大小A‧‧‧ Capacitance reflection coefficient

Φ、θ‧‧‧角度Φ, θ‧‧‧ angle

第1圖係根據本發明之循環器電路的一實施例的示意圖。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a circulator circuit in accordance with the present invention.

第2圖係根據本發明之提升循環器電路隔離度的方法的一實施例的流程圖。2 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of boosting circulator circuit isolation in accordance with the present invention.

第3A圖係根據本案之循環器電路的反射調節器 的一實施例之示意圖。Figure 3A is a reflection adjuster of the circulator circuit according to the present case A schematic diagram of an embodiment.

第3B圖係根據本案之循環器電路的反射調節器的電容反射係數在複數平面的示意圖。Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of the capacitance reflection coefficient of the reflection adjuster of the circulator circuit according to the present invention in a complex plane.

第4圖係根據本案之循環器電路的隔離度的特性曲線圖。Fig. 4 is a characteristic diagram of the isolation of the circulator circuit according to the present invention.

為進一步說明各實施例,本發明乃提供有圖式。此些圖式乃為本發明揭露內容之一部分,其主要係用以說明實施例,並可配合說明書之相關描述來解釋實施例的運作原理。配合參考這些內容,本領域具有通常知識者應能理解其他可能的實施方式以及本發明之優點。圖中的元件並未按比例繪製,而類似的元件符號通常用來表示類似的元件。To further illustrate the various embodiments, the invention is provided with the drawings. The drawings are a part of the disclosure of the present invention, and are mainly used to explain the embodiments, and the operation of the embodiments may be explained in conjunction with the related description of the specification. With reference to such content, those of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention. Elements in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar elements are generally used to represent similar elements.

請參考第1圖,第1圖係根據本發明之循環器電路的一實施例的示意圖。如第1圖所示,循環器電路1包括一第一功率分配器10、一第一循環器12、一第二循環器14、一平衡不平衡轉換器16、一耦合器17、一功率偵測器18以及一反射調節器19。循環器電路包括一輸入埠P1、一輸出埠P2及一觀察埠P3。第一功率分配器10為一個一分二路的功率分配器,包括輸入埠P1、一第一分路埠及一第二分路埠(未標示)。第一循環器12及第二循環器14分別連接第一分路埠及第二分路埠,第一循環器12包括輸出埠P2及一第一連接埠C1,第二循環器14包括一第二連接埠C2及一第三連接埠C3。平衡不平衡轉換器(balun)16分別連接第一連接埠C1與第二連接埠C2,並包含一第四連接埠C4。耦合器17包括一觀察埠P3及一耦合輸出埠(未標示)。功率偵測器18連接耦合輸出埠。反射調節器19連接於功率偵測器18與第三連接埠C3。Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a circulator circuit in accordance with the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the circulator circuit 1 includes a first power splitter 10 , a first circulator 12 , a second circulator 14 , a balun 16 , a coupler 17 , and a power detector . The detector 18 and a reflection adjuster 19. The circulator circuit includes an input port P1, an output port P2, and an observation port P3. The first power splitter 10 is a one-way two-way power splitter, and includes an input port P1, a first branch port, and a second branch port (not labeled). The first circulator 12 and the second circulator 14 are respectively connected to the first branch 埠 and the second branch 埠, the first circulator 12 includes an output 埠P2 and a first connection 埠C1, and the second circulator 14 includes a first Two ports C2 and a third port C3. A balun 16 is connected to the first port C1 and the second port C2, respectively, and includes a fourth port C4. The coupler 17 includes an observation port P3 and a coupling output port (not shown). The power detector 18 is coupled to the coupled output port. The reflection adjuster 19 is connected to the power detector 18 and the third port C3.

第一循環器12與第二循環器14為一般的循環器,即不具有極佳的隔離度,且兩循環器12、14不必是相同的 (identity),也就是兩循環器不匹配(unmatched)。The first circulator 12 and the second circulator 14 are general circulators, that is, have no excellent isolation, and the two circulators 12, 14 do not have to be identical. (identity), that is, the two circulators are unmatched.

大體上來說,循環器電路1從輸入埠P1接收一一輸入信號Si,於輸出埠P2輸出一輸出信號So,而於觀察埠P3輸出一洩漏信號SL以供觀察,藉以取得輸入埠P1至觀察埠P3的洩漏程度。本實施例的特點在於,設置一功率偵測器18與反射調節器19,藉由功率偵測器18偵測洩漏信號SL的大小來迴授控制反射調節器19所產生的反射信號Sr,以補償第一循環器12與第二循環器14的不匹配,使觀察埠P3的洩漏信號達到最小,以得到高隔離度的循環器電路1。In general, the circulator circuit 1 receives an input signal Si from the input 埠P1, an output signal So at the output 埠P2, and outputs a leakage signal SL for observation at the observation 埠P3, thereby obtaining the input 埠P1 to observe埠 P3 leakage level. The present embodiment is characterized in that a power detector 18 and a reflection adjuster 19 are disposed, and the reflected signal Sr generated by the reflection adjuster 19 is controlled by the power detector 18 to detect the magnitude of the leakage signal SL. The mismatch between the first circulator 12 and the second circulator 14 is compensated to minimize the leakage signal of the observation 埠P3 to obtain the circulator circuit 1 of high isolation.

更具體地來說,配合第2圖,第2圖係根據本發明之提升循環器電路隔離度的方法的一實施例的流程圖。提升循環器電路1隔離度的方法包括:首先,從第一功率分配器10的輸入埠P1接收一輸入信號Si(S201)。由第一功率分配器10將輸入信號Si分配為一第一信號S1及一第二信號S2後分別從兩個分路埠輸出(S203),其中第一信號S1與第二信號S2為相同的信號,其大小為輸入信號的一半。由第一循環器12將第一信號S1導至輸出埠P2,由輸出埠P2輸出一輸出信號,第一循環器12再將進入輸出埠P2的另一輸入信號Si'導至第一連接埠C1,同時,由第二循環器14將第二信號S2導至第二連接埠C2(S205)。More specifically, in conjunction with FIG. 2, a second diagram is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of increasing the isolation of a circulator circuit in accordance with the present invention. The method of increasing the isolation of the circulator circuit 1 includes first receiving an input signal Si from the input port P1 of the first power splitter 10 (S201). The first power splitter 10 distributes the input signal Si into a first signal S1 and a second signal S2 and outputs them from the two branches ( respectively (S203), wherein the first signal S1 and the second signal S2 are the same. The signal is half the size of the input signal. The first signal S1 is guided by the first circulator 12 to the output 埠P2, and the output 埠P2 outputs an output signal, and the first circulator 12 leads the other input signal Si' entering the output 埠P2 to the first port. C1, at the same time, the second signal S2 is guided by the second circulator 14 to the second port C2 (S205).

由於第一循環器12與第二循環器14不匹配,由平衡不平衡轉換器16將另一輸入信號Si'與第二信號S2取平衡端的差後於第四連接埠C4輸出一洩漏信號SL(S207),此洩漏信號SL特別是代表輸入埠P1與觀察埠P3之間的洩漏。透過耦合器17將洩漏信號SL輸出至觀察埠P3,並將洩漏信號SL部份耦合至耦合輸出埠,於耦合輸出埠輸出一洩漏參考信號SL'(S209)。Since the first circulator 12 and the second circulator 14 do not match, the balance of the other input signal Si' and the second signal S2 is balanced by the balun 16 and then a leakage signal SL is outputted to the fourth port C4. (S207), this leakage signal SL particularly represents a leak between the input 埠P1 and the observation 埠P3. The leakage signal SL is output to the observation 埠P3 through the coupler 17, and the leakage signal SL is partially coupled to the coupling output 埠, and a leakage reference signal SL' is outputted to the coupled output ( (S209).

接著,功率偵測器18根據洩漏參考信號SL'的大小迴授調整反射調節器19的一反射信號Sr的大小及相位(S211)。最後,反射調節器19將反射信號Sr輸出至第二循 環器14,使得洩漏信號SL可由第二信號S2與反射信號Sr由平衡不平衡轉換器16抵銷,以補償第一循環器12與第二循環器14的不匹配,即補償上下兩路R1、R2不匹配所造成的洩漏,藉此降低觀察埠P3輸出之洩漏信號SL(S213),直到洩漏信號SL達到所預期的最小值,藉此得到具有高隔離度的循環器電路1。Next, the power detector 18 feedbacks the magnitude and phase of a reflected signal Sr of the adjustment reflectance adjuster 19 according to the magnitude of the leakage reference signal SL' (S211). Finally, the reflection adjuster 19 outputs the reflected signal Sr to the second pass The ringer 14 causes the leakage signal SL to be offset by the balun 16 from the second signal S2 and the reflected signal Sr to compensate for the mismatch between the first circulator 12 and the second circulator 14 R2 does not match the leakage caused, thereby reducing the leakage signal SL of the observation 埠P3 output (S213) until the leakage signal SL reaches the expected minimum value, thereby obtaining the circulator circuit 1 having high isolation.

根據一實施例,除了功率偵測器18控制反射調節器19產生一反射信號之外,還可透過外部電路(圖未示)根據功率偵測器18產生迴授信號產生一補償信號Sc輸入至反射調節器19。According to an embodiment, in addition to the power detector 18 controlling the reflection adjuster 19 to generate a reflected signal, an external circuit (not shown) may generate a compensation signal based on the power detector 18 to generate a compensation signal. Reflection adjuster 19.

關於步驟S211中功率偵測器18根據洩漏參考信號SL'的大小迴授調整反射調節器19的一反射信號Sr的大小及相位,以下將舉一實施例說明。In step S211, the power detector 18 feedbacks the magnitude and phase of a reflected signal Sr of the adjustment and reflection adjuster 19 according to the magnitude of the leakage reference signal SL', which will be described below by way of an embodiment.

請參考第3A至3B圖。第3A圖係根據本案之循環器電路的反射調節器的一實施例之示意圖。第3B圖係根據本案之循環器電路的反射調節器的電容反射係數在複數平面的示意圖。如第3A圖所示,反射調節器19包括一第二功率分配器191、一第一相位位移器193、一第二相位位移器195、一第三相位位移器197、一第一可變電容V1、一第二可變電容V2、一第三可變電容V3、以及第四可變電容V4。其中第二功率分配器191為一四路分配器,其一端連接第三連接埠C3,另外四端分別耦接可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4,其中第一可變電容V1直接連接第二功率分配器191,第二可變電容V2透過第一相位位移器193連接第二功率分配器191,第三可變電容V3透過第二相位位移器195連接第二功率分配器191,第四可變電容V4透過第三相位位移器197連接第二功率分配器191可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4的另一端皆接地。Please refer to Figures 3A to 3B. Figure 3A is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a reflection adjuster of a circulator circuit in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram of the capacitance reflection coefficient of the reflection adjuster of the circulator circuit according to the present invention in a complex plane. As shown in FIG. 3A, the reflection regulator 19 includes a second power divider 191, a first phase shifter 193, a second phase shifter 195, a third phase shifter 197, and a first variable capacitor. V1, a second variable capacitor V2, a third variable capacitor V3, and a fourth variable capacitor V4. The second power splitter 191 is a four-way splitter, one end of which is connected to the third port 埠C3, and the other four ends are respectively coupled to the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4, wherein the first variable capacitor V1 is directly connected to the first The second power splitter 191 is connected to the second power splitter 191 through the first phase shifter 193, and the third variable capacitor V3 is connected to the second power splitter 191 through the second phase shifter 195. The variable capacitor V4 is connected to the second power divider 191 through the third phase shifter 197. The other ends of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4 are grounded.

每一個可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4為相同的可變電容二極體(Varactor diode),每一個可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4具有相同的反射係數Γ如下式子(1)所示: Each of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4 is the same variable capacitor diode (Varactor diode), and each of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4 has the same reflection coefficient, as shown in the following equation (1) Shown as follows:

式子(1)中,ω為可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4的操作頻率,C為可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4的電容值,Z0 為從可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4看入循環器電路1的特徵阻抗,亦稱參考阻抗。In the equation (1), ω is the operating frequency of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4, C is the capacitance value of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4, and Z 0 is the variable capacitors V1 and V2. V3, V4 look into the characteristic impedance of the circulator circuit 1, also known as the reference impedance.

若將可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4的電容反射係數Γ以複數平面表示,如第3B(a)圖所示。根據一實施例,第一相位位移器193為一45度相位位移器,第二相位位移器195為一90度相位位移器,第三相位位移器197為一135度相位位移器。第一可變電容V1未連接相位位移器,其電容反射係數Γ 1等於Γ,而第二至第四可變電容V2、V3、V4則經過來回兩次位移後,使可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4於第二功率分配器191所見的複數個電容反射係數Γ 1、Γ 2、Γ 3、Γ 4的相位分別相差90度,如第3B(b)至3B(c)圖所示。由第3B(b)至3B(c)圖可知,第一可變電容V1與第三可變電容V3所產生的電容反射係數Γ 1、Γ 3相差180度,於複數平面上分別分布於上下半部,而第二可變電容V2與第四可變電容V4所產生的電容反射係數Γ 2、Γ 4相差180度,於複數平面上分別分布於左右半部。The capacitance reflection coefficient Γ of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4 is represented by a complex plane as shown in Fig. 3B(a). According to an embodiment, the first phase shifter 193 is a 45 degree phase shifter, the second phase shifter 195 is a 90 degree phase shifter, and the third phase shifter 197 is a 135 degree phase shifter. The first variable capacitor V1 is not connected to the phase shifter, and its capacitance reflection coefficient Γ 1 is equal to Γ, and the second to fourth variable capacitors V2, V3, and V4 are shifted back and forth twice to make the variable capacitors V1 and V2. The phases of the plurality of capacitance reflection coefficients Γ 1, Γ 2, Γ 3, and Γ 4 seen by the V3 and V4 in the second power divider 191 are 90 degrees apart, as shown in FIGS. 3B(b) to 3B(c). . It can be seen from the figures 3B(b) to 3B(c) that the capacitance reflection coefficients Γ 1 and Γ 3 generated by the first variable capacitor V1 and the third variable capacitor V3 are 180 degrees apart, and are distributed on the upper and lower surfaces in the complex plane. The half portion, and the second variable capacitance V2 and the fourth variable capacitance V4, the capacitance reflection coefficients Γ 2, Γ 4 are 180 degrees apart, and are distributed in the left and right halves on the complex plane.

功率偵測器18利用這四個電容反射係數Γ 1、Γ 2、Γ 3、Γ 4來合成反射調節器19的一合成反射係數。更具體地說,功率偵測器18根據洩漏參考信號SL'的強度轉換為施加於可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4的偏壓,以改變可變電容V1、V2、V3、V4的複數個電容值,藉此改變反射信號Sr的合成反射係數,其方法包括藉由調整第一可變電容V1及第三可變電容V3的電容值來控制合成反射係數的實部,如第3B(d)圖所示,並藉由調整第二可變電容V2及第四可變電容 V4的電容值來控制合成反射係數的虛部,如如第3B(e)圖所示。The power detector 18 synthesizes a composite reflection coefficient of the reflection adjuster 19 using the four capacitance reflection coefficients Γ 1, Γ 2, Γ 3, Γ 4 . More specifically, the power detector 18 converts the impedance applied to the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4 according to the intensity of the leakage reference signal SL' to change the complex number of the variable capacitors V1, V2, V3, and V4. a capacitance value, thereby changing the combined reflection coefficient of the reflected signal Sr, the method comprising controlling the real part of the synthesized reflection coefficient by adjusting the capacitance values of the first variable capacitance V1 and the third variable capacitance V3, such as the 3B ( d) as shown in the figure, and by adjusting the second variable capacitor V2 and the fourth variable capacitor The capacitance value of V4 controls the imaginary part of the resultant reflection coefficient as shown in Fig. 3B(e).

假設電容反射係數Γ 1、Γ 2、Γ 3、Γ 4的大小都是一樣的等於A,則合成反射係數的實部為2Acos(Φ),其中0°<Φ<180°;同理,虛部為2Acos(θ),其中0°<θ<180°。Assuming that the capacitance reflection coefficients Γ 1, Γ 2, Γ 3, Γ 4 are all equal to A, the real part of the synthetic reflection coefficient is 2Acos(Φ), where 0° < Φ < 180°; The part is 2Acos(θ), where 0°<θ<180°.

進一步地來說,功率偵測器18調整反射調整器19的合成反射係數目標為:使合成反射係數滿足以下式子(2): Further, the power detector 18 adjusts the composite reflection coefficient of the reflection adjuster 19 to: the composite reflection coefficient satisfies the following formula (2):

式子(2)中I表示上路R1的散射參數(scattering patemeter),即觀察端P3與輸入埠P1的信號比;T1表示第三連接埠C3與輸入埠P1的信號比;T2表示觀察埠P3與第三連接埠C3的信號比。In equation (2), I represents the scattering patemeter of the upper path R1, that is, the signal ratio of the observation terminal P3 to the input 埠P1; T1 represents the signal ratio of the third connection 埠C3 to the input 埠P1; and T2 represents the observation 埠P3 The signal ratio to the third port 埠C3.

最後,參考第4圖係根據本案之循環器電路的隔離度的特性曲線圖。第4圖為經實驗所得的特性曲線,第4圖顯示循環器電路的最高隔離度不僅可達70dB,且隔離度30dB以上之頻率範圍在中心頻率為1.9GHz時,更高達124MHz。Finally, reference is made to Fig. 4 for a characteristic diagram of the isolation of the circulator circuit according to the present invention. Figure 4 shows the experimentally obtained characteristic curve. Figure 4 shows that the maximum isolation of the circulator circuit is not only 70 dB, but the frequency range of isolation above 30 dB is as high as 124 MHz at a center frequency of 1.9 GHz.

綜合上述,本發明循環器電路藉由迴授調整反射調節器之反射係數以及信號消除之方法,可達到相當高的隔離度。In summary, the circulator circuit of the present invention can achieve a relatively high isolation by feedback adjustment of the reflection coefficient of the reflection adjuster and signal cancellation.

以上敍述依據本發明多個不同實施例,其中各項特徵可以單一或不同結合方式實施。因此,本發明實施方式之揭露為闡明本發明原則之具體實施例,應不拘限本發明於所揭示的實施例。進一步言之,先前敍述及其附圖僅為本發明示範之用,並不受其限囿。其他元件之變化或組合皆可能,且不悖于本發明之精神與範圍。The above description is based on a number of different embodiments of the invention, wherein the features may be implemented in a single or different combination. Therefore, the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative of the embodiments of the invention. Further, the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limited. Variations or combinations of other elements are possible and are not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the invention.

1‧‧‧循環器電路1‧‧‧Circulator circuit

10‧‧‧第一功率分配器10‧‧‧First power splitter

12‧‧‧第一循環器12‧‧‧First Circulator

14‧‧‧第二循環器14‧‧‧Second Circulator

16‧‧‧平衡不平衡轉換器16‧‧‧Balanced unbalance converter

17‧‧‧耦合器17‧‧‧ Coupler

18‧‧‧功率偵測器18‧‧‧Power Detector

19‧‧‧反射調節器19‧‧‧Reflecting regulator

P1‧‧‧輸入埠P1‧‧‧ Input埠

P2‧‧‧輸出埠P2‧‧‧ Output埠

P3‧‧‧觀察埠P3‧‧‧ Observatory

C1、C2、C3、C4‧‧‧連接埠C1, C2, C3, C4‧‧‧ ports

Si‧‧‧輸入信號Si‧‧‧ input signal

S1‧‧‧第一信號S1‧‧‧ first signal

S2‧‧‧第二信號S2‧‧‧ second signal

So‧‧‧輸出信號So‧‧‧ output signal

SL‧‧‧洩漏信號SL‧‧‧ leak signal

SL'‧‧‧洩漏參考信號SL'‧‧‧ leak reference signal

Sc‧‧‧補償信號Sc‧‧‧compensation signal

Sr‧‧‧反射信號Sr‧‧·reflection signal

R1‧‧‧上路R1‧‧‧On the road

R2‧‧‧下路R2‧‧‧Lower

Claims (11)

一種循環器電路,包括:一第一功率分配器,包括一輸入埠、一第一分路埠及一第二分路埠,該輸入埠接收一輸入信號,該第一功率分配器將該輸入信號分配為一第一信號及一第二信號後分別從該兩個分路埠輸出該第一信號及該第二信號;一第一循環器,連接於該第一分路埠,該第一循環器具有一輸出埠及一第一連接埠,該第一循環器將該第一信號導至該輸出埠,並將進入該輸出埠的另一輸入信號導至該第一連接埠;一第二循環器,連接於該第二分路埠,該第二循環器具有一第二連接埠及一第三連接埠,該第二循環器將該第二信號導至該第二連接埠;一平衡不平衡轉換器,連接於該第一連接埠及該第二連接埠,該平衡不平衡轉換器將該另一輸入信號與該第二信號取平衡端的差後輸出一洩漏信號;一耦合器,連接於該平衡不平衡轉換器,該耦合器將該洩漏信號輸出至一觀察埠,並耦合為一洩漏參考信號;一功率偵測器,連接於該耦合器;以及一反射調節器,連接於該功率偵測器與該第二循環器之間;其中該功率偵測器根據該洩漏參考信號的大小調整該反射調節器的一反射信號的大小及相位,透過該反射調節器將該反射信號輸出至該第二循環器,以補償該第一循環器與該第二循環器的不匹配,藉此降低該觀察埠輸出之該洩漏信號。A circulator circuit includes: a first power divider including an input port, a first branch port, and a second branch port, the input port receiving an input signal, the first power splitter inputting the input After the signal is distributed as a first signal and a second signal, the first signal and the second signal are respectively output from the two branches, and a first circulator is connected to the first branch, the first The circulator has an output port and a first port, the first circulator guiding the first signal to the output port, and directing another input signal entering the output port to the first port; a second a circulator connected to the second branch hopper, the second circulator having a second port and a third port, the second circulator guiding the second signal to the second port; a balance converter connected to the first connection port and the second connection port, the balance unbalance converter outputs a leakage signal after the difference between the other input signal and the second signal is balanced; a coupler is connected For the balun, the coupler will The leakage signal is output to an observation port and coupled to a leakage reference signal; a power detector is coupled to the coupler; and a reflection adjuster is coupled between the power detector and the second circulator; The power detector adjusts the magnitude and phase of a reflected signal of the reflection adjuster according to the size of the leakage reference signal, and outputs the reflected signal to the second circulator through the reflection adjuster to compensate the first loop. The mismatch between the device and the second circulator thereby reducing the leakage signal of the observation 埠 output. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之循環器電路,其中該反射調節器包括一第二功率分配器及一第一可變電容、一第二可變電容、一第三可變電容、一第四可變電容、一第一相位位移器、一第二相位位移器及一第三相位位移器,其中,該第二功率分配器連接於該第三連接埠,該第一相位位移器、該第二相位位移器及該第三相位位移器分別連接於該第二功率分配器,該第一可變電容連接於該第二功率分配器與地端之間,該第二可變電容連接於該第一相位位移器與地端之間,該第三可變電容連接於該第二相位位移器與地端之間,該第四可變電容連接於該第三相位位移器與地端之間。The circulator circuit of claim 1, wherein the reflection regulator comprises a second power divider and a first variable capacitor, a second variable capacitor, a third variable capacitor, and a fourth a variable capacitance, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter and a third phase shifter, wherein the second power splitter is connected to the third port, the first phase shifter, the second The phase shifter and the third phase shifter are respectively connected to the second power splitter, the first variable capacitor is connected between the second power splitter and the ground, and the second variable capacitor is connected to the first Between a phase shifter and a ground, the third variable capacitor is connected between the second phase shifter and the ground, and the fourth variable capacitor is connected between the third phase shifter and the ground. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之循環器電路,其中該功率偵測器將該洩漏參考信號的強度轉換為施加於該第一、第二、第三、第四可變電容的偏壓,以改變該些可變電容的電容值,藉此改變該反射信號的一合成反射係數。A circulator circuit according to claim 2, wherein the power detector converts the intensity of the leakage reference signal into a bias voltage applied to the first, second, third, and fourth variable capacitors to change The capacitance values of the variable capacitors thereby changing a composite reflection coefficient of the reflected signal. 根據申請專利範圍第3項之循環器電路,其中該第一相位位移器為一45度相位位移器,該第二相位位移器為一90度相位位移器,該第三相位位移器為一135度相位位移器,使該些可變電容對應的複數個電容反射係數的相位分別相差90度。The circulator circuit according to claim 3, wherein the first phase shifter is a 45 degree phase shifter, the second phase shifter is a 90 degree phase shifter, and the third phase shifter is a 135 The phase shifter is such that the phases of the plurality of capacitive reflection coefficients corresponding to the variable capacitors are different by 90 degrees. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之循環器電路,其中該功率偵測器藉由改變該第一可變電容及該第三可變電容的該些電容反射係數調整該合成反射係數的實部大小。The circulator circuit of claim 4, wherein the power detector adjusts a real part size of the combined reflection coefficient by changing the capacitance reflection coefficients of the first variable capacitor and the third variable capacitor. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之循環器電路,其中該功率偵測器藉由改變該第二可變電容及該第四可變電容的該些電容反射係數調整該合成反射係數的虛部大小。The circulator circuit of claim 4, wherein the power detector adjusts an imaginary part size of the combined reflection coefficient by changing the capacitance reflection coefficients of the second variable capacitor and the fourth variable capacitor. 一種提升循環器電路隔離度的方法,包括:由一第一功率分配器將一輸入信號分配為一第一信號及一第二信號後分別從兩個分路埠輸出;由一第一循環器將該第一信號導至該第一循環器的一輸出埠,再將進入該輸出埠的另一輸入信號導至該第一循環器的一第一連接埠,由一第二循環器將該第二信號導至該第二循環器的一第二連接埠;由一平衡不平衡轉換器將該輸出信號與該第二信號取平衡端的差後輸出一洩漏信號;由一耦合器將該洩漏信號輸出至一觀察埠,並耦合為一洩漏參考信號;由一功率偵測器根據該洩漏參考信號的大小調整一反射調節器的一反射信號的大小及相位;以及透過該反射調節器將該反射信號輸出至該第二循環器,以補償該第一循環器與該第二循環器的不匹配,藉此降低該觀察埠輸出之該洩漏信號。A method for improving the isolation of a circulator circuit includes: distributing, by a first power divider, an input signal as a first signal and a second signal, respectively, outputting from two branches ;; by a first circulator Leading the first signal to an output port of the first circulator, and then introducing another input signal entering the output port to a first port of the first circulator, which is The second signal is led to a second port of the second circulator; a balance signal is outputted by the balun to the balance of the second signal to output a leakage signal; the leakage is caused by a coupler The signal is output to an observation frame and coupled to a leakage reference signal; a power detector adjusts the magnitude and phase of a reflection signal of a reflection adjuster according to the size of the leakage reference signal; and transmits the reflected signal through the reflection adjuster The reflected signal is output to the second circulator to compensate for a mismatch between the first circulator and the second circulator, thereby reducing the leakage signal of the observation 埠 output. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之提升循環器電路隔離度的方法,其中該反射調節器包括一第二功率分配器、複數個可變電容及複數個相位位移器,該些相位位移器分別連接該於該第二功率分配器與該些可變電容之間,該功率偵測器調整該反射信號的大小及相位的方法包括將該洩漏參考信號的強度轉換為施加於該些可變電容的偏壓,以改變該些可 變電容的複數個電容值,藉此改變該反射信號的一合成反射係數。The method for improving the isolation of a circulator circuit according to claim 7 , wherein the reflection adjuster comprises a second power splitter, a plurality of variable capacitors, and a plurality of phase shifters, wherein the phase shifters are respectively connected to the The method for adjusting the magnitude and phase of the reflected signal between the second power divider and the variable capacitors includes converting the intensity of the leakage reference signal to a bias applied to the variable capacitors Press to change the A plurality of capacitance values of the variable capacitance, thereby changing a composite reflection coefficient of the reflected signal. 根據申請專利範圍第8項之提升循環器電路隔離度的方法,其中該功率偵測器調整該反射信號的大小及相位的方法包括該功率偵測器透過改變該些可變電容的其中兩個該些電容反射係數調整該合成反射係數的實部大小。The method for improving the isolation of a circulator circuit according to claim 8 of the patent application, wherein the method for adjusting the magnitude and phase of the reflected signal by the power detector comprises: changing two of the variable capacitors by the power detector The capacitance reflection coefficients adjust the real part size of the composite reflection coefficient. 根據申請專利範圍第8項之提升循環器電路隔離度的方法,其中該功率偵測器調整該反射信號的大小及相位的方法包括該功率偵測器透過改變該些可變電容的其中兩個該些電容反射係數調整該合成反射係數的虛部大小。The method for improving the isolation of a circulator circuit according to claim 8 of the patent application, wherein the method for adjusting the magnitude and phase of the reflected signal by the power detector comprises: changing two of the variable capacitors by the power detector The capacitance reflection coefficients adjust the imaginary part size of the composite reflection coefficient. 根據申請專利範圍第8項之提升循環器電路隔離度的方法,其中該些相位位移器分別為45度相位位移器、90度相位位移器及135度相位位移器,使該些可變電容對應的該些電容反射係數的相位分別相差90度。According to the method of claim 8, the method for improving the isolation of the circuit of the circulator, wherein the phase shifters are respectively a 45-degree phase shifter, a 90-degree phase shifter and a 135-degree phase shifter, so that the variable capacitors correspond to The phases of the capacitance reflection coefficients are different by 90 degrees.
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