TWI404977B - 增亮膜及具有該膜之顯示裝置 - Google Patents
增亮膜及具有該膜之顯示裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI404977B TWI404977B TW095119707A TW95119707A TWI404977B TW I404977 B TWI404977 B TW I404977B TW 095119707 A TW095119707 A TW 095119707A TW 95119707 A TW95119707 A TW 95119707A TW I404977 B TWI404977 B TW I404977B
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- film
- brightness enhancing
- polymeric layer
- absorber
- enhancing film
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OWQPOVKKUWUEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzotriazine Chemical compound N1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 OWQPOVKKUWUEKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- UWSMKYBKUPAEJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Chloro-2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O UWSMKYBKUPAEJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PODOEQVNFJSWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 PODOEQVNFJSWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JZMPIUODFXBXSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O JZMPIUODFXBXSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWCBCCIODCKPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-[4-[4,6-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-3-hydroxyphenoxy]propanoate Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC(C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 TWCBCCIODCKPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
- G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133611—Direct backlight including means for improving the brightness uniformity
Description
本發明係關於一種用於顯示裝置中之UV吸收增亮膜,特定言之,係關於直接照亮且在高亮度及溫度條件下操作的膜。
近年來,公眾可用的顯示裝置在數量及種類上已有了巨大發展。電腦(無論是桌上型電腦、膝上型電腦或是筆記型電腦)、個人數位助理、行動電話及具有液晶顯示器的電視機(LCD TV)僅為其中之幾個實例。儘管一些此等顯示裝置為利用普通環境光來觀察顯示面板的反射顯示裝置,但大多數為需要一光源來使得顯示面板可見的透射顯示裝置。
透射顯示裝置各屬於"邊緣照亮"或"直接照亮"的類別。此等類別之相異處在光源相對於顯示面板(其界定顯示裝置的可見區域)之置放位置。在邊緣照亮顯示裝置中,一光源沿顯示裝置之一外邊界而安置於可見區域的外部。通常光源將光發射至一光導、一具有與可見區域相似之長度及寬度尺寸的透明聚合板中,且自其提取光以便照明可見區域。在直接照亮顯示裝置中,一光源安置於可見區域之後,因此光源所發射的光直接照明可見區域。一些直接照亮背光亦結合一安裝於邊緣的光,且因此能夠進行直接照亮與邊緣照亮操作二者。
本文揭示一種適合用於一顯示裝置中的增亮膜,該膜包含:第一聚合層,其具有一微結構化表面,其中該微結構化表面包含一稜鏡元件之陣列;及第二聚合層,其在該微結構化表面之相對側上鄰近於該第一聚合層而安置,其中該第一聚合層及該第二聚合層之至少一者包含一吸收UV光且透射可見光的UV吸收劑,因此該增亮膜的內部透射百分率在410 nm處為至少95%,且在380 nm處至多為25%。或者,本文所揭示的增亮膜可包含第三層,其安置於第一聚合層與第二聚合層之間,且其包含UV吸收劑。
本文亦揭示一種顯示裝置,其包含一顯示面板;一光源;一反射偏光器,其安置於該顯示面板與該光源之間;在上文中描述且安置於該反射偏光器與該光源之間的增亮膜,相對於該反射偏光器而安置的第一聚合層;且其中該光源經由增亮膜及反射偏光器而照明顯示面板。
自下文之詳細描述將易瞭解此等及其他態樣。然而,決不能將上文之概述解釋為對所請求專之標的之限制;該標的僅由附加之申請專利範圍來界定,同時可在申請專利之過程中進行修正。
與其他顯示裝置相比較,LCD TV之內的操作環境顯著變得更苛刻。舉例而言,LCD TV為直接照亮顯示裝置,且因此無法利用存在於邊緣照亮裝置中之光導的UV吸收能力。因此,一LCD TV的空腔需用來自光源之有害UV輻射照射,且在空腔內會吸收UV輻射的任何組份皆會遭受降解。亦期望LCD TV與其他直接照亮顯示裝置相比較能具有高得多的亮度及長得多的產品壽命,且為了滿足此等需求,正使用具有很高強度的光源。因此,與大多數其他顯示裝置的30-45℃相比較,LCD TV之內的溫度會高達65-85℃。另外,為LCD TV而製造的高強度光源在UV區域中具有一顯著峰值(特別是在365 nm處),且通常由於與成本相關的原因,製造商消除了光源上的UV吸收塗層。
諸如反射偏光器之多層光學膜已用於諸如LCDTV之顯示裝置中。多層光學膜通常包含交替的聚合層,其中聚合物得自具有萘二甲酸酯官能性的組份;實例包括聚對萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)及基於萘二甲酸的共聚物或摻合物(co-PEN)。如隨著時間的過去而漸增之黃度所證明者,萘二甲酸酯官能性的存在會導致反射偏光器在上文所描述之苛刻操作條件下迅速降解。就含有PEN之聚合物的吸收光譜而言,360-400 nm的UV輻射會特別有破壞性。此輻射可透過一般之典型聚合物(諸如用於擴散板中的丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯或聚碳酸酯),但却會被PEN吸收而導致發黃。
因此,需要防止含有PEN之多層光學膜的降解。一種解決辦法為將一或多個UV吸收劑合併入在一顯示裝置內安置於一反射偏光器與光源之間的增亮膜中。此解法辦法可提供一額外利益,其中增亮膜亦受保護而防止降解。然而,因為大多數UV吸收劑的存在會在顯示裝置之顯示面板處給予不良黃度,所以難以實施此解決辦法。
通常,難以找到在一特定應用中適用的UV吸收劑,尤其是在UV吸收中之小差異就會對效能具有有害作用的情況下特別因難。理論上,吾人應能夠自多種UV吸收劑挑選(每一UV吸收劑在長波長側上具有一尖銳的吸收截止),但具有此等性質的UV吸收劑並不存在,因此遂存在大量市售的UV吸收劑。
已發現若一UV吸收劑存在於增亮膜中以使得膜具有特定吸收性質,則含有PEN之多層光學膜的降解可降低,從而僅具有少量或不具有額外黃度。特定性質係關於膜在兩個不同波長處之內部透射百分率(%T)。內部透射百分率為膜的固有透射率,意即,其不必考慮任何表面反射。(通常,膜可具有達到100%的內部透射百分率,且若考慮表面反射,則總透射率可達到約92%。)
詳言之,需要增亮膜在380 nm處展現盡可能小的內部透射百分率,例如,至多25%,或至多15%。此有助於自用於LCD TV中之最新可用的高強度光源中濾出UV輻射。並且,詳言之,增亮膜需要在410 nm處展現盡可能大的內部透射百分率,例如,至少95%,因此其不會在顯示面板處導致黃度。因此,存在於增亮膜中的UV吸收劑必須在380 nm處具有一較高的消光係數且在長波長側上具有一尖銳的截止。
UV吸收劑可包含苯幷三唑、苯幷三嗪、二苯基酮或其組合;或其可為U.S.2004/0241469 A1、U.S.2004/0242735 A1及U.S.6,613,819 B2(其所含有的所有內容全部以引用的方式併入本文中)中之任何所描述者。特定實例包括CGL 139、CGL 777及Tinuvin327、460、479、480、777、900及928,其皆來自Ciba Specialty Chemicals。UV吸收劑亦可包含一UV吸收劑的組合,例如,CGL 479與CGL 777組合。
用於增亮膜中之UV吸收劑的量取決於多種因素,諸如其消光係數、多層光學膜中之萘二甲酸酯官能性的量及光源所發射之光的光譜。所使用之量亦可取決於層(UV吸收劑合併入其中)的厚度。詳言之,對於一具有178 um(7 mil)之厚度的層而言,2重量%之CGL-139在380 nm處給出23%T,且在410 nm處給出95.0 %T。對於一具有178 um(7 mil)之厚度的層而言,3重量%之Tinuvin 327及1重量%之CGL-139在380 nm處給出4.5 %T,且在410 nm處給出95.9 %T。增亮膜使光再循環,因此UV吸收劑的必需量可需要藉由考慮光穿過其的總數來確定。
如Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage在1976年所開發的CIE L*
a*
b*
色空間中已知,可藉由量測黃度的變化(或△b*
)來確定含有萘二甲酸酯之多層光學膜的降解。一用於量測並分類顏色之廣泛使用的方法CIE L*
a*
b*
色空間為三維空間,其中使用項L*
、a*
及b*
而將一顏色界定為空間中之一位置。L*
為一顏色之亮度的量測並自0(黑色)變動至100(白色),且可顯現為一具有x軸、y軸及z軸之典型三維圖的z軸。項a*
及b*
界定一顏色之色調及色度,且可分別顯現為x軸及y軸。項a*
自一負數(綠色)變動至一正數(紅色),且項b*
自一負數(藍色)變動至一正數(黃色)。因此,如本文所使用,b*
係關於一物品的黃度。關於顏色量測之完整描述,參看1991年由Ellis Horwood Ltd.出版之R.W.G.Hunt的"Measuring Color"第二版。通常,增亮膜的b*
為約2.5或更小,否則其顯得過黃。
用於增亮膜中之UV吸收劑的量亦可取決於所要之效能標準。對於LCD TV而言,已發現在380 nm處、在強度5至10 mW/cm2
及65℃下曝露於輻射達200小時之後,含有萘二甲酸酯之多層光學膜應展現至多4(較佳小於2.5)的△b*
。在一些應用中,特別需要在12天之後,△b*
小於約1。
通常,增亮膜經常用於顯示裝置中以便增大顯示面板之亮度。此等光學物品經由一反射及折射之過程而使光再循環,其最終有助於將光引導向一觀察者(通常直接定位於顯示裝置的前面),否則光將以一高角離開螢幕,從而錯過觀察者。舉例而言,在美國專利序號第11/283307號中可找到增亮膜中之光之行為的全面討論。實例包括可自3M公司購得之稜鏡膜的VikuitiT M
BEFII及BEFIII族,其包括BEFII 90/24、BEFII 90/50、BEFIIIM 90/50及BEFIIIT。
圖1a展示一示範性增亮膜10的示意橫截面,該增亮膜10包含具有微結構化表面14的第一聚合層12。第二聚合層16相對於微結構化表面而安置。微結構化表面包含一用於如上文所描述地引導光的稜鏡之陣列。微結構化表面亦可包含(例如)一系列形狀,該等形狀包括脊、柱、角錐、半球及圓錐,且/或其可為具有扁平、尖端、截斷或圓頭部分的突起或凹陷,其中任何形狀可相對於表面之平面而具有成角或垂直側。任何透鏡狀微結構可為有用的,例如,微結構化表面可包含立方角元件,每一者具有通常相交於一單個參考點或頂點處之三個大體上互相垂直的光學面。微結構化表面可具有一有規則地重複之圖案、隨機之圖案或為其之組合。通常,微結構化表面包含一或多個特徵,每一特徵具有小於2 mm的至少兩個橫向尺寸(意即,膜之平面中的尺寸)。
如下文對一顯示裝置所描述,與微結構化表面相對之第一聚合層的表面通常平坦且可平滑(與微結構化表面上之結構的大小相比較,其上的任何結構較小)或無光澤以有助於隱藏光源。
可使用一可聚合組合物、一具有負性微結構化模製表面之母體及一預成型之第二聚合層(有時被稱作一基層)來製備第一聚合層。可聚合組合物沈積於母體與第二聚合層之間,母體及第二聚合層之任一者為可撓性的,且移動組合物之一珠粒以使得組合物填充母體的微結構。可聚合組合物經聚合以形成層且隨後與母體分離。母體可為金屬性的,諸如鎳、鍍鎳的銅或黃銅,或者可為一熱塑性材料,其在聚合條件下穩定且較佳具有容許經聚合之層自母體完全移除的表面能。具有微結構化表面的第一聚合層可具有自約10 um至約200 um的厚度。
可聚合組合物可包含單體(包括單、二或更高官能單體)及/或寡聚物,且彼等單體及/或寡聚物較佳具有一較高折射率,例如,大於約1.4或大於約1.5。可使用UV輻射而可將單體及/或寡聚物聚合。適合的材料包括(甲基)丙烯酸酯、鹵代衍生物、遠螯衍生物及其類似物,例如,U.S.4,568,445、4,721,377、4,812,032、5,424,339及6,355,754(其全部以引用的方式併入本文中)中所描述之材料。2003年12月30日申請之美國專利序號第10/747985號中描述了一較佳可聚合組合物,且其以引用的方式併入本文中。此可聚合組合物包含一第一單體,該第一單體包含2-丙烯酸、(1-甲基亞乙基)雙[(2,6-二溴-4,1-伸苯基)氧基(2-羥基-3,1-丙二基)]酯的主要部分;異戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯及(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯。
需要選擇UV吸收劑以便不干擾第一聚合層的UV固化。可將用以固化第一聚合層的UV輻射發射於與第一聚合層相對之第二聚合層側上或相同側上。
可將增亮膜的第二聚合層描述為一基層。此層可包含適合用於光學產品中的任何材料,意即,一種光學上透明且經設計以控制光之流量的材料。取決於特定應用,可需要第二聚合層在結構上足夠堅固以便可將增亮膜裝配至一顯示裝置中。較佳地,第二聚合層良好地黏附於第一聚合層且充分地耐溫度及老化以使得顯示裝置之效能不會隨著時間的過去而有所損害。可用於第二聚合層的材料包括聚酯(諸如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對萘二甲酸乙二酯、基於萘二甲酸的共聚酯或聚酯摻合物)、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、醋酸纖維素、聚醚碸、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯(諸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚氯乙稀、聚環-烯烴、聚醯亞胺、玻璃)或其組合物或摻合物。第二聚合層亦可包含一如U.S.6,111,696(其以引用的方式併入本文中)中所描述的含有萘二甲酸酯之多層光學膜。
UV吸收劑可存在於第一聚合層及/或第二聚合層中。在一個實例中,第一聚合層包含UV吸收劑,且第二聚合層不包含UV吸收劑。或者,第二聚合層包含UV吸收劑,且第一聚合層不包含UV吸收劑。第一聚合層及第二聚合層可每一者皆包含UV吸收劑。
如圖1b中所示,增亮膜亦可包含:一第一聚合層12,其具有一微結構化表面14,其中該微結構化表面包含一稜鏡元件之陣列;一第二聚合層16,其在微結構化表面之相對側上鄰近於該第一聚合層而安置;及一第三層18,其安置於第一聚合層與第二聚合層之間。該第三層可在增亮膜中具有任何功能。舉例而言,其可存在以將UV吸收性提供至增亮膜(如下文所描述),或其可為一黏接層、一靜電防止層等,或其之一些組合。
本文亦揭示一種適合用於一顯示裝置中的增亮膜,該膜包含:一第一聚合層,其具有一微結構化表面,其中該微結構化表面包含一稜鏡元件之陣列;一第二聚合層,其在微結構化表面之相對側上鄰近於該第一聚合層而安置;及一第三層,其安置於第一聚合層與第二聚合層之間,其中該第三層包含一吸收UV光且透射可見光的UV吸收劑,因此增亮膜在410 nm處具有一至少95%的內部透射百分率,且在380 nm處至多為25%。除了提供UV吸收性之外,第三層亦可充當一黏接層、一靜電防止層等,或其之一些組合。
UV吸收劑可僅存在於第三層中,因此第一聚合層及第二聚合層並不包含一UV吸收劑。或者,第一及/或第二聚合層可包含一UV吸收劑。
第三層可基本上由UV吸收劑組成。第三層亦可包含額外材料,其取決於第三層是否充當一黏接層、一靜電防止層等。第三層可包含額外材料,其與UV吸收劑相容且促進一具有UV吸收劑之均勻分佈之第三層的形成。額外材料包含聚合物及預聚合組份,其在塗覆之後使用光化輻射或熱輻射來固化。在任何情況下,用於第三層中的任何額外材料不應干擾增亮膜之光學效能。
對於包含黏接層的第三層而言,可製備UV固化黏著劑並將其與UV吸收劑混合。適合之黏著劑的一種類型包含至少一種含氮聚合物與至少一種可聚合烯系不飽和稀釋劑的反應產物。U.S.2004/0202879、U.S.2006/027321 A1及U.S.2006/029784 A1中描述了此等黏著劑的實例,其揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。具有下列材料的黏著劑係有用的:
AgeflexTM
PEA(來自CIBA)=苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯
Luviskol PlusTM
(來自BASF)=己內醯胺乙烯均聚物
Sartomer CD9038=乙氧基化雙酚A丙烯酸酯
Lucrin TPO(來自BASF)=二苯基(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)膦氧化物
Irganox® 1010(來自CIBA)=受阻酚
EtermerTM
210(來自Eternal Chemical)=苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯
PVP/VA E-335(來自International Specialty Products)=乙烯吡咯烷酮及乙酸乙烯酯的線性無規共聚物(以30/70莫耳比率)EbecrylE-270(來自UCB輻射固化)=脂肪族聚氨酯二丙烯酸酯Sartomer SR-339=苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯Sartomer CD611=烷氧基THF丙烯酸酯AquazolT M
50(來自International Specia1ty Products)=乙基噁唑啉均聚物SIMD=以10/20/20/50重量比率之甲基丙烯酸十八酯/甲基丙烯酸異丁酯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯的共聚物
特定言之,U.S.2006/029784 A1中所描述的黏接組合物為適合的:黏著劑1:AgeflexT M
PEA/Luviskol PlusT M
/Sartomer CD9038/Lucrin TPO=80/10/10/1.0重量比率黏著劑2:AgeflexT M
PEA/Luviskol PlusT M
/Sartomer CD9038/Lucrin TPO/Irganox1010=80/10/10/1.0/0.5重量比率黏著劑3:EtermerT M
210/E-335/Sartomer CD9038/Lucrin TPO/Irganox1010=75/15/10/1.0/0.5重量比率黏著劑4:AgeflexT M
PEA/E-335/Sartomer CD9038/Lucrin TPO=75/15/10/1.0重量比率黏著劑5:Sartomer SR339/AquazolT M
50/Sartomer CD611/EbecrylE-270/Sartomer CD9038/Lucrin TPO=65/10/15/5/5/1重量比率黏著劑6:Sartomer SR339/SIMD/Sartomer CD611/EbecrylE-270/Sartomer CD9038/Lucrin TPO=60/15/15/5/5/1重量比率
本文亦揭示一種包含本文所揭示之增亮膜的顯示裝置。如圖2中所示,顯示裝置20包含:一顯示面板22;一光源24;一反射偏光器26,其安置於顯示面板與光源之間;增亮膜28,其安置於反射偏光器與光源之間;第一聚合層,其與反射偏光器相對;且其中光源經由增亮膜及反射偏光器而照明顯示面板。顯示面板可為一液晶顯示面板。顯示裝置可為一電視機。光源可為螢光源。
關於顯示裝置之設計、應用、材料、性質、製造、用途等的詳細描述,參看實例:美國專利序號第10/966,610號、美國專利序號第11/283307號、美國專利序號第10/747985、U.S.6,744,561 B2、U.S.2004/0228141、U.S.2004/0241469 A1、U.S.6,974,850 B2、U.S.6,111,696、U.S.6,613,819 B2、U.S.4,568,445、4,721,377、4,812,032、5,424,339及U.S.6,355,754,其含有之所有內容全部以引用的方式併入本文中。
如U.S.6,368,699 B1中所描述地製備了含有萘二甲酸酯之多層光學膜。經由一共擠壓過程而在一連續平面膜製造線上製造一含有601層之複合膜。擠壓機A以52 kg/h(每小時114磅)之速率遞送具有0.57 dl/g(如在60重量%之酚/40重量%之二氯苯的溶液中所量測)之固有黏度的PEN,其中29 kg/h(每小時64磅)進入進料塊(feedblock),且其餘進入下文所描述的表層。擠壓機B以每小時28磅之速率遞送聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA,來自ICI of Americas之CP-82),其全部進入進料塊。PEN在進料塊的表層中。在使用測定約每小時14磅的由擠壓機A所遞送之相同類型的PEN的擠壓機來共擠壓進料塊之兩個對稱表層之後,進料塊方法用以藉由使用諸如U.S.3,801,429中所描述之進料塊的供料塊來產生151層。此擠出物穿過產生約601層之擠出物的兩個倍增器。U.S.3,565,985描述類似的共擠壓倍增器。擠出物穿過在PEN之每小時25磅的總速率下自擠壓機A共擠壓表層的另一裝置。使散熱片的長度適應約3.2的拉伸比,其中散熱片溫度在約138℃(280℉)下。膜隨後在約38秒中經預先加熱至約154℃(310℉)且在約每秒11%之速率下在橫向方向上拉伸至約4.5的拉伸比。薄膜隨後在227℃(440℉)下經熱定形而不允許鬆弛。完成的膜厚度為約75 um(3 mil)。
藉由將不同的UV吸收劑與10.56重量百分比的脂肪族聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(來自SpecialChem S.A.的Photomer6010)、4.62重量百分比的乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(來自Sartomer公司的Sartomer 454)、11.22重量百分比的新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯(來自Sartomer公司的SR 9003)、0.30重量百分比的抗光劑(來自Ciba Specialty Chemicals的Tinuvin123)及0.30重量百分比的光引發劑(來自Ciba Specialty Chemicals的Irgacure819)組合來製備塗佈組合物。用於多層光學膜之每一者中的UV吸收劑及各自之量概述於表1中。
藉由將塗佈組合物溶解於乙酸乙酯中以形成含有40重量百分比之固體的塗佈溶液,將每一塗佈組合物塗覆於上文所描述的膜。塗佈組合物藉由使用在100℃下於一烘箱中乾燥達1分鐘的梅爾(Meyer)棒而得以塗覆且藉由在氧濃度低於100 ppm的惰性氣氛中在自6 um至35 um之範圍內變動之塗佈厚度處使用25 cm/s(50 ft/min)線速而得以內嵌固化。藉由使用以236 Joules/sec-cm輸入功率供電的高強度融合D-燈泡來供應UV光固化能。
藉由使薄膜在380 nm、在強度5至10 mW/cm2
及溫度65℃下經受200小時的UV輻射來評估上文描述的每一薄膜。施加UV輻射之前與之後皆量測b*座標,且結果概述於表2以及圖3及圖4中。可接受的b*f
之最大值為5,且可接受的b*之最大值為3。
以上數據展示若380處之% T小於約25,則b*f
小於約4.5,且△b*小於約3。用於此實例中的多層光學膜為一鏡膜,期望其展示保護含有萘二甲酸酯之反射偏光器的一般概念。將期望反射偏光器及鏡展示類似的風化行為。
UV可固化黏著劑(U.S.2006/029784 A1之黏接組合物1)可經製備且與表3中所列出的UV吸收劑及1重量百分比之受阻胺抗光劑(來自Ciba Specialty Chemicals之Tinuvin® 123)混合。UV可固化黏著劑為100%的固體,實質上無溶劑,且包含下列組份:80重量百分比的苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯(來自CIBA之Ageflex PEA);10重量百分比的己內醯胺乙烯均聚物(來自BASF之Luviskol Plus);10重量百分比的乙氧基化雙酚A丙烯酸酯(Sartomer CD9038);及1重量百分比的二苯(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)膦氧化物(來自BASF之Lucirin TPO)。
包含UV吸收劑及穩定劑的黏著劑隨後用以層壓在包含127 um(5 mil)聚碳酸酯之支持層的兩個薄片之間的反射偏光器(在U.S.6,972,813 B1中描述)。反射偏光器之每一側上的黏接厚度為約10 um。使用以236 Joules/sec-cm輸入功率供電的高強度融合D-燈泡來供應UV光固化能以便固化黏著劑。
使用配備Phillips F40 50U燈泡的QUVcw曝光裝置(其具有類似於在典型LCD-TV中找到之冷陰極螢光燈的發射光譜)來測試上文所描述的層壓物品之每一者。發射的強度在448 nm處經調整至0.5 W/m2
,其導致1.71 W/m2
的UV強度整合於340-400 nm上。曝露期間的腔室溫度為83℃且曝露的長度為12天。
在曝露前與曝露後量測b*
座標,且結果展示於表4中。對於實例7及8,在量測UV吸收劑的莫耳吸光係數之後,使用比爾定理來計算7 um厚之黏接層的內部透射百分率值。
熟習此項技術者將易瞭解在不偏離本發明之範疇及精神的情況下可對本發明作出各種修改及變更,且應瞭解本發明並不限於本文中所陳述的示範性實施例。本文中所涉及的所有美國專利、專利申請公開案及其他專利與非專利文獻全文皆以引用的方式併入本文中,在某種程度上其與前述揭示內容相一致。
10...增亮膜
12...第一聚合層
14...微結構化表面
16...第二聚合層
18...第三層
20...顯示裝置
22...顯示面板
24...光源
26...反射偏光器
28...增亮膜
圖1a及圖1b展示示範性增亮膜。
圖2展示一直接照亮顯示裝置。
圖3及圖4展示自實例中所描述之測試而獲得的資料。
10...增亮膜
12...第一聚合層
14...微結構表面
16...第二聚合層
18...第三層
Claims (21)
- 一種適合用於顯示裝置中的增亮膜,該膜包含:第一聚合層,其具有一微結構化表面,其中該微結構化表面包含一稜鏡元件之陣列,及第二聚合層,其在該微結構化表面之相對側上鄰近於該第一聚合層而安置,其中該第一及該第二聚合層之至少一者包含一吸收UV光且透射可見光的UV吸收劑,因此該增亮膜的內部透射百分率在410 nm處為至少95%,且在380 nm處至多為25%。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中該第一聚合層包含該UV吸收劑,且該第二聚合層不包含該UV吸收劑。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中該第二聚合層包含該UV吸收劑,且該第一聚合層不包含該UV吸收劑。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中該第一及該第二聚合層之每一者包含該UV吸收劑。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中b* 為約2.5或更小。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中該內部透射百分率在380 nm處為至多15%。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中在380 nm處、在一強度5至10 mW/cm2 及65℃下曝露於輻射達200小時之後,該膜展現至多4的△b* 。
- 如請求項1之增亮膜,其中該UV吸收劑為苯幷三唑、苯幷三嗪、二苯基酮或其組合。
- 一種適合用於一顯示裝置中的增亮膜,該膜包含:第一聚合層,其具有一微結構化表面,其中該微結構化表面包含一稜鏡元件之陣列,第二聚合層,其在該微結構化表面之相對側上鄰近於該第一聚合層而安置,及一第三層,其安置於該第一與該第二聚合層之間,其中該第三層包含一吸收UV光且透射可見光的UV吸收劑,因此該增亮膜在410 nm處的內部透射百分率為至少95%,且在380 nm處至多為25%。
- 如請求項9之增亮膜,其中該第一及該第二聚合層不包含一UV吸收劑。
- 如請求項9之增亮膜,其中該第一及/或該第二聚合層包含一UV吸收劑。
- 如請求項9之增亮膜,其中b* 為約2.5或更小。
- 如請求項9之增亮膜,其中該內部透射百分率在380 nm處為至多15%。
- 如請求項9之增亮膜,其中在380 nm處、在一強度5至10 mW/cm2 及65℃下曝露於輻射達200小時之後,該膜展現至多4的△b* 。
- 如請求項9之增亮膜,其中該UV吸收劑為苯幷三唑、苯幷三嗪、二苯基酮或其組合。
- 一種顯示裝置,其包含:一顯示面板;一光源;一反射偏光器,其安置於該顯示面板與該光源之間;安置於該反射偏光器與該光源之間的如請求項1之增亮膜,與該反射偏光器相對的第一聚合層;且其中該光源經由該增亮膜及該反射偏光器而照明該顯示面板。
- 如請求項16之顯示裝置,其中該顯示面板為一液晶顯示面板。
- 如請求項16之顯示裝置,其中該顯示裝置為一電視。
- 一種顯示裝置,其包含:一顯示面板;一光源;一反射偏光器,其安置於該顯示面板與該光源之間;安置於該反射偏光器與該光源之間的如請求項9之增亮膜,與該反射偏光器相對的第一聚合層;且其中該光源經由該增亮膜及該反射偏光器而照明該顯示面板。
- 如請求項19之顯示裝置,其中該顯示面板為一液晶顯示面板。
- 如請求項19之顯示裝置,其中該顯示裝置為一電視。
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JP7030757B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-23 | 2022-03-07 | ヴァイアヴィ・ソリューションズ・インコーポレイテッド | 複数の領域を含む光学素子、該光学素子を備えた光学系、及び該光学系を使用する方法 |
US11442282B2 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2022-09-13 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Optical element including a plurality of regions |
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- 2006-06-01 WO PCT/US2006/021256 patent/WO2006132913A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-01 JP JP2008514846A patent/JP4938767B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-01 CN CN2006800196595A patent/CN101189546B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2008546151A (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
TW200704972A (en) | 2007-02-01 |
CN101189546A (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
WO2006132913A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
US20060274237A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US7586566B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
CN101189546B (zh) | 2010-05-19 |
KR20080015421A (ko) | 2008-02-19 |
JP4938767B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
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