TWI398081B - 降低功率耗損的電源供應器 - Google Patents

降低功率耗損的電源供應器 Download PDF

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TWI398081B
TWI398081B TW099107277A TW99107277A TWI398081B TW I398081 B TWI398081 B TW I398081B TW 099107277 A TW099107277 A TW 099107277A TW 99107277 A TW99107277 A TW 99107277A TW I398081 B TWI398081 B TW I398081B
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power converter
power
output voltage
isolated
control switch
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TW099107277A
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TW201131953A (en
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Kuo Chi Liu
Nan Ming Chen
Yong Chin Lee
Ming Hsueh Lee
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Richtek Technology Corp
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Priority to TW099107277A priority Critical patent/TWI398081B/zh
Priority to US13/043,790 priority patent/US20110222314A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

降低功率耗損的電源供應器
本發明係有關一種電源供應器，特別是關於一種降低功率耗損的電源供應器。
圖1係習知的交流轉直流電源供應器(AC/DC power supply)應用在發光二極體(Light Emitting Diode,LED)負載的示意圖。交流輸入電壓通常是110V或220V，現在已有電源供應器設計成可以接受90V~264V寬範圍的輸入電壓。交流輸入電壓經過交流轉直流整流器(AC/DC rectifier) 10轉變成包含漣波的直流電Vin，再由直流電源轉換器(DC/DC Converter) 12負責產生穩定的輸出電壓Vout給LED負載14。直流電源轉換器12為維持穩定的輸出電壓Vout，而且要滿足較寬範圍的輸入電壓Vin，其正常操作的工作週期(duty cycle)不能太大，因此電源轉換的效率會受到限制。直流電源轉換器12的輸出電壓Vout採用分散方式供電給LED負載14。因為不同型式的LED有不同的順向偏壓，若要滿足各種型式的LED，比較簡單且常見的作法是採用較高且固定的輸出電壓Vout，例如5V，但是如此一來，對於順向偏壓較低的LED負載14，就會產生較大的功率耗損。
圖2係習知的隔離式電源供應器的示意圖，變壓器的一次側連接電力控制開關16，二次側連接整流濾波器18。為了產生固定的輸出電壓Vout，必須利用迴授補償電路20偵測輸出電壓Vout，得到的資訊透過隔離電路22傳送到一次側的開關驅動電路24，以調整電力控制開關16的責任週期，進而維持穩定的輸出電壓Vout，因此構成一個閉迴路(close-loop)控制的直流電源轉換器。隔離電路22通常為光耦合器或變壓器。
美國專利號5,894,412揭露了固定工作週期的開迴路(open-loop)的隔離式電源供應器，再於負載端之間連接直流電源轉換器以求最佳的工作功率。此隔離式電源供應器的優點是不需要隔離電路，但是開迴路的隔離式電源供應器的輸出電壓會受到負載和輸入電壓的改變而產生較大的變動，因而有輸出過電壓或欠電壓的情況發生。
因此，一種穩定輸出且降低功率耗損的電源供應器乃為所冀。
本發明的目的，在於提出一種穩定輸出且降低功率耗損的電源供應器。
根據本發明，一種降低功率耗損的電源供應器係包含隔離式電源轉換器及直流電源轉換器。該隔離式電源轉換器包含一次側繞組連接電力控制開關，二次側繞組產生第一輸出電壓，以及位於一次側的輔助繞組產生與該第一輸出電壓成比例的電壓信號，用以穩定該第一輸出電壓。該直流電源轉換器將該第一輸出電壓轉換為第二輸出電壓供應負載端。該第一輸出電壓大於該第二輸出電壓。
圖3係本發明的第一實施例，此電源供應器包含隔離式電源轉換器30及直流電源轉換器34。隔離式電源轉換器30除了於一次側繞組N1連接電力控制開關16，二次側繞組N2連接整流濾波器18以外，更包括位於一次側的輔助繞組N3。此輔助繞組N3輸出的電壓信號S1經過控制電路32乘上二次側繞組N2與輔助繞組N3的匝數比N2:N3，不需要隔離電路22便可以於一次側得知輸出電壓Vout的數值。所以，控制電路32可以依據電壓信號S1來控制電力控制開關16調整電源轉換器，以維持穩定的輸出電壓Vout給直流電源轉換器34，同時還可以做到過電壓和欠電壓保護的功能。最後由直流電源轉換器34根據負載的特性將輸出電壓Vout做最佳化的轉換，降低負載端造成的功率損耗。隔離式電源轉換器30的架構可以採用全橋式(full-bridge)、半橋式(half-bridge)、推挽式(push-pull)、順向式(forward)、馳返式(flyback)、降壓式(buck)或升降壓式(buck-boost)。
圖4係本發明的第二實施例，此電源供應器具有隔離式電源轉換器36及直流電源轉換器34，還包含功率因素改善器(power-factor corrector,PFC) 40。在隔離式電源轉換器36中，電力控制開關16改以固定的工作週期切換，控制電路38取得輔助繞組N3輸出的電壓信號S1之後，傳送信號給功率因素改善器40，調整隔離式電源轉換器36的輸入電壓以維持穩定的輸出電壓Vout。功率因素改善器40除了改善功率因素之外，還可以接受較寬範圍的輸入電壓Vin，轉換成較高的直流電壓給下一級的電源轉換器。功率因素改善器40的結構可以採用典型的升壓式(boost)電路。
圖5係在圖3的實施例中使用馳返式電源轉換器42，輔助繞組N3的電壓信號S1和二次側繞組N2的輸出電壓Vout為N3：N2的比例關係，因此控制電路46根據此電壓信號S1適當調整一次側的電力控制開關SW的工作週期，就可以達到維持輸出電壓Vout穩定的目的。
圖6係本發明應用於LED負載的實施例之示意圖。交流輸入電源經過交流轉直流整流器10轉變成直流電Vin，功率因素改善器40將電壓Vin提升後送給具有輔助繞組的隔離式電源轉換器36，再將此隔離式電源轉換器36的輸出Vout連接到分散式的直流電源轉換器34，最後由直流電源轉換器34各自依LED負載特性而自動調整其供應的輸出電壓和電流以符合LED的需求。隔離式電源轉換器36的輸出電壓Vout受到監控並回授到前面的功率因素改善器40，同時還具有過電壓和欠電壓保護的功能。適當提高隔離式電源轉換器36的輸出電壓Vout，並採用分散方式供電給直流電源轉換器34，可以降低在隔離式電源轉換器36和直流電源轉換器34之間線路上的電流，進而減少線路上的銅損。直流電源轉換器34的輸出電壓是依LED負載特性而自動調整，因此可以降低LED負載端的功率耗損，提高使用效率。此實施例明顯地減少電力損失、提升整體電路的效率。
以上對於本發明之較佳實施例所作的敘述係為闡明之目的，而無意限定本發明精確地為所揭露的形式，基於以上的教導或從本發明的實施例學習而作修改或變化是可能的，實施例係為解說本發明的原理以及讓熟習該項技術者以各種實施例利用本發明在實際應用上而選擇及敘述，本發明的技術思想企圖由以下的申請專利範圍及其均等來決定。
10．．．交流轉直流整流器
12．．．隔離式電源供應器
14．．．LED負載
16．．．電力控制開關
18．．．整流濾波器
20．．．迴授補償電路
22．．．隔離電路
24．．．開關驅動電路
30．．．隔離式電源轉換器
32．．．控制電路
34．．．直流電源轉換器
36．．．隔離式電源轉換器
38．．．控制電路
40．．．功率因素改善器
42．．．馳返式電源轉換器
44．．．整流濾波器
46．．．控制電路
圖1係習知的交流轉直流電源供應器應用在發光二極體負載的示意圖；
圖2係習知的隔離式電源供應器；
圖3係本發明的第一實施例；
圖4係本發明的第二實施例；
圖5係在圖3的實施例中使用馳返式電源轉換器；以及
圖6係本發明應用於LED負載的實施例之示意圖。
16．．．電力控制開關
18．．．整流濾波器
30．．．隔離式電源轉換器
32．．．控制電路
34．．．直流電源轉換器

Claims (9)

  1. 一種降低功率耗損的電源供應器，包含：隔離式電源轉換器，包含：一次側繞組連接電力控制開關；二次側繞組產生第一輸出電壓；以及位於一次側的輔助繞組產生與該第一輸出電壓成比例的電壓信號，用以穩定該第一輸出電壓；以及直流電源轉換器連接該隔離式電源轉換器，將該第一輸出電壓轉換為第二輸出電壓供應負載端；其中該第一輸出電壓大於該第二輸出電壓。
  2. 如請求項1之電源轉換器，其中該隔離式電源轉換器更包括控制電路根據該電壓信號控制該電力控制開關。
  3. 如請求項1之電源轉換器，更包括功率因素改善器連接該隔離式電源轉換器，提供第三輸出電壓給該隔離式電源轉換器。
  4. 如請求項3之電源轉換器，其中該隔離式電源轉換器更包括控制電路根據該電壓信號控制該功率因素改善器，調整該第三輸出電壓以穩定該第一輸出電壓。
  5. 如請求項4之電源轉換器，其中該電力控制開關具有固定工作週期。
  6. 如請求項3之電源轉換器，其中該功率因素改善器包含升壓式電路。
  7. 如請求項1之電源轉換器，其中該隔離式電源轉換器包含全橋式、半橋式、推拉式、順向式、馳返式、降壓式或升降壓式電路。
  8. 如請求項1之電源轉換器，其中該直流電源轉換器包含控制電路偵測該負載端以調整該第二輸出電壓。
  9. 如請求項1之電源轉換器，其中該電力控制開關具有固定工作週期。
TW099107277A 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 降低功率耗損的電源供應器 TWI398081B (zh)

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TW099107277A TWI398081B (zh) 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 降低功率耗損的電源供應器
US13/043,790 US20110222314A1 (en) 2010-03-12 2011-03-09 Power supply with reduced power consumption

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