九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是和混合熔融破璃有關，尤其是關於一種在玻 璃溶融物哺供足觸聲触提高钟性的波導管組件。 【先前技播ί】 目刖製造技術所製造的玻璃片不只具備高光學品質， 而且還可作為電路系統的。這種玻璃片應用的一個例 子就是液晶顯示幕(LCD)。作為LCD級触璃必須具有某 些特性，而這些躲是根據最終戦玻璃片的玻璃熔融物 而定。 -般而言，在LCD使__是—種紐高_石夕酸化 學成份。LCD使用的玻璃片或板是藉由控制液態玻璃，也就 是所謂的玻璃熔融物的冷卻而形成。細，玻雜融物通 常包含不勻雜質，使得所產生的玻璃片無法滿足所需的品 質。這種不勻雜質可能包括固體或氣體的夹雜物，小量的 偏離密度，以及化學成份於玻璃縣物内。後者的現象通 常被稱為纽物。錄物科_分佈可麟條產生玻 璃片的可用性。例如在液晶顯示裝置中，索狀物可能導致 顯示時視覺上㈣狀的反常縣。尤其是纽物會造成 局部區域有不_折神。不晴射率的局部區域可能會 使所產生的玻璃不適合於某些精確的使用。 曰 先前，我們使用機械攪拌器 物。然而，玻璃'溶融物的高溫和侵略性的玻璃成份可能令 人無法直接使闕械性攪拌。.的元件必須由昂貴二 1359118 1 ' r , . 火金屬成份S成，通常是軸或_合金峨抗高溫環境 。尤其是高剪應力可腐蝕攪拌元件和含有玻璃的容器， 其導致令人討厭的粒子產生於熔融玻璃中。 通常是以超音波能量形式表現的振動能量已被使用在 各式各樣的細巾。超音魏量料被使_地方就是在 e W作業時撒羊流體，例如利用超音波清洗珠寶。在工業 上的應用，超音舰f常常觀來喊。也就是說，用來從 液體中移除氣體夾雜物。 美國第4,316, 734號專利中製造玻璃的過程是利用超 音波能量使小籽子(氣泡)聚結成較大的氣泡，無須改變玻 璃熔融物的黏度就以較快的速度浮除。因此，譬如可以藉 - 由降低溫度以增加玻璃熔融物的黏度，而不必過度影響熔 融物N較大上升的速度。降健^物溫度也算是有 意義的節約能源。 美國第4,316, 734號專利係關於選擇一種頻率和能量 • 強度而對應於聲能來源和玻璃間之介面處聲阻抗以及玻 璃動態黏度，使玻璃内一定百分比的氣泡得以向上移動。 美國第2,635, 388號專利也關於一種從溶融玻璃中移 除氣體夾雜物的方法。美國第2, 635,388號專利說明如何 使用一種加熱元件埋入炫融玻璃内以及產生超音波振動。 加熱元件在熔融物内產生局部性高溫，低黏度的區域，當和 振動元件產生的攪拌一起作用將有助於聚集氣泡，使其離 開玻璃。加熱而產生的對流氣流會使所有玻璃體積最終通 過局部高溫區域。 ' 第6 頁 雖然這些和其财域著·聲能從麵移除氣泡方 面已稍有成效，但在混合溶融玻璃以達到玻璃均勻化方面( 移除化干的不勻雜質)並沒有顯著的成效。的確，美國第2 635’ 388號專利中說明的方法必須在玻璃炫融物内插入一 個加熱的軸it件。玻魏融物的高溫械學的侵钱環境 會根據轉_·®，或至妓树賴性的置換而導致流 程中斷、城絲树細—段_彳娜轉，以及玻璃 熔融物可摘。目而細爐雜—觀合玻璃的 方法’可叫效邮除麟炼祕㈣纽細不會遇到 在溶融物内插入額外元件的缺點。 【發明内容】 本說明描述了一種方法可以利用波導管組件引入某特 定頻率的超音先並且無論是賤續波晰彡式或長(多循環 )爆發的形式在特定的功率值下引入玻璃溶融物。激發信 唬波形的帛-近蚁正弦摘，細偷録物中顯著地 為非線性，所產生聲場中的波形可能會有所不同。為了配 合實施和理論上的敘述，多循環爆發可以同樣舰視為連 續波信號。因此激發設備内的聲場基本上可被視為單音的 (單頻率）。 將來自射頻功率源的電子輸入能轉換成聲輸出能量到 熔融物的激發設備是由菊鏈系列的元件所組成： 1. 適當的轉換器，由一個或以上的有功(壓電的）元件 組成，前後質量互補； 2. 選擇性匹配鏈結，堅固的物體合併個別的或漸進的 直徑階躍； 3.桿型波導管，通常是固定直徑的圓柱型桿。 為了確保有效的傳輸通過這個鏈，制固元件都設計成 和目標頻率是共振的。假使共振裝置的損耗是可忽略的， 而且被具無限阻抗對比(無限硬或無限軟)的元件終止，其 大小應該剛好等於波長的一半。 特定模形的波長等於音速，因而所考慮採用的材料和 分。於是驗雜定解，由各式不同材 料構成鏈的各個元件之間波長是顯著不同的。更且，波形 在某種長度上疋根據元件的橫截面和橫載面上的變異而有 不同’倒是較少程度地景》響波長。最後一點，聲速在實際材 料内是因溫度而有賴化，波長也是囉的情況。 為了產生-個更有效的激發鏈，所有元件應該調整為 相同的頻率。由於每種元件偏離簡單假設的偏差可能都不 盡相同，這種不同可能需要針對制固元件而有不同的調整 。例如，在匹配的鏈結中，直徑階躍並不是無限陡的:在運 作期_用-個有限_ _半徑來_鏈結中產生的應 力。這内圓角有點影響到最佳長度。 > 波導管組件可以在一適當的共振頻率下被驅動，譬如 大約是在20千赫和40千赫之間，以提供足夠的聲功率到玻 璃炫融物，加強玻璃熔融物内的混合情形。聲功率耗合到 破璃熔融物最好大於约5瓦特(W)，最好是至少約3〇 ;^特(w) ，更好是至少約40瓦特，更更好是至少約5〇瓦特。依據本項 發明的實施範例，可以提供充足的聲功率到破璃混合體以、 1359118 1 ' I · _ 產生非線性聲效應,特別是聲流。 在一個實施範例中，說明了一種混合玻璃熔融物的方 法，其包括產生聲波，藉著波導管耦合聲波到玻璃熔融物， 在其中聲波提供充足的聲功率到玻璃熔融物在破璃熔融 物内產生聲流。 藉著將波導管聲搞合到玻璃熔融物，以及沿著波導管 的縱向尺寸產生駐波，就可以提供玻璃熔融物充足的聲能， 例如超音波能以加強玻璃熔融物内的均質性。 鲁 在另一個實施範例中，說明了提供充足的聲能給容器 内玻璃熔融物的-種設備，其包括產生聲波的轉換器，聲輕 合到轉換器和玻璃熔融物的波導管，在其中波導管被設計 - 成可在波導管内以一定的聲波頻率產生駐波，並在玻^溶 融物内產生聲流。 人們了解本發明之先前一般說明及下列本發明詳細說 明之實施例詳細細在於提供概念或架構以了解申請專利 鲁 範圍界定出本發明之原理及特性。 所包含晒在於提供更進一步了解本發明以及在此 加入作為發明說明書之一部份。附圖顯示出本發明不同的 實施例及隨同詳細說明以解釋本發日 月之原理及操作。 【實施方式】 聲音是軸或料—縣如賴或錢介冑的-鎌 動。振動的來源是此介質反概的擾動。例如，當觸擊響 鈴時產生振動。響鈐的邊緣相對於圍繞著空氣移動首先 當邊緣向外移树在空氣中產生—高壓區域，然後當邊緣 1359118 向内移動時產生一低壓區域。高低壓區域分別稱為所謂的 壓縮和稀疏區域，藉著影響空氣的毗鄰分子如同波一般通 過介質：空氣中的分子根據交替的高低壓向後或向前移動， 然後依序作用在毗鄰分子上，接著再作用在其毗鄰分子上 等等。因此高低壓區域如同具有特定幅度和波長的波通過 介質。當其通過時，通過的波會在空間發散，並且因吸收作 用而損耗能量。通過的波也會和其他的波產生建設性或破 壞性的交互作用。例如，這種波可能和其他反射波(譬如從 物體表面）重疊，致使這兩種波互相加強而產生駐波。這種 情形在兩種波互相同相位時會發生。駐波定義了個別對應 於最小和最大壓力區的波節和反波節。駐波可以在反射的 環+兄中產生，例如藉著調整通過波的波長(頻率)至一半波 長的適當的倍數，使得反射波好好的重疊。 一般的駐波是相當強的。然而過強的聲音可能在其通 過介質時產生雜性的反應。這種雜性的反應可能包括 震波、聲飽和(介質無法吸收額外的聲能)和聲流，或是聲 波通過介質淨流動所導致的過程。也就是說，上述振動的 分子並不狀在-平触置域作移_沒有整體真正改 I位置。在聲流動過程中，分子平均位置是確實地改變。 、聲流已經_來操作液體的行為，譬如機相對低溫 的液體，移動氣泡，以及微滴射出液體。聲流也被運用來局 部混合非常小的液體量(即微流體混合）。較困難的事情是 要使聲机在同黏度、而溫大量的液體中，譬如大量玻璃製 造作業t _融_有效且雜舰合蝴自化玻璃。 第10 頁 1359118 所謂玻璃包含各種在其個別軟化點之上的玻璃組成份 。通常玻璃熔融物大約是在12〇〇。(：和17〇〇。(：之間。玻璃包 含一種無規的、液體狀(非晶形)分子結構的材料。玻璃的 製造過程需要將原材料加制足以產生完全炫化的炼融物 ’當冷卻_錄會辦堅硬❿财結晶。玻璃或是玻璃 熔融物可能是任何各種各樣的成份，包括蘇打石灰玻璃、 斜玻璃、硼矽酸玻璃、高紹石夕酸玻璃、9_夕石玻璃、溶 化的矽石玻璃和高鋁爛梦酸玻璃。所謂聲波則是想涵蓋藉 由介質傳輸的機械振動。在某一設置中，聲波是在超音波 範圍之内，目標頻率大約是在2〇千赫和4〇千赫之間。 本發明包括圖1所示的波導管組件10,用來優供聲能經 由聲波至包含在容器14内的玻璃熔融物12,因而混合玻璃 炫融物。 容器14可以是任何各式各樣的設置。在一項設置中， 容器14界定出熔融玻璃流動路徑，其連結波導管纽件10選 ㈣’ 定百分比區域内進行混 合。因而容器可以接受由上游位置而來的玻璃溶融物以及 允許玻•概蝴下—置。例如，容器14可以是炼融 玻璃流過的管線。在該設置中，容器14包括—開放的頂端 以允才波導$ 件並接觸玻璃溶融物。—般認為容器 在玻璃炼融物水平下可以包括一個通道口或孔徑，_部分。 的波導管辦其巾_合波導f組件和玻雜融物。 而另-種構造暇波導管組件可聲搞合至容器的外部表面 以避免之述先前技術混和方式的缺點。所謂的聲搞 第1〗頁 1359118 % « 合是指第一個元件耦合至第二個元件，以這種方式可使聲 波從第一個元件通過至第二個元件，最好但不一定必要是 最小的幅度損耗。IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field to Which the Invention Is Alonged] The present invention relates to a mixed molten glass, and more particularly to a waveguide assembly in which a glass-melt is fed with a foot touch to improve the bell. [Previous technology broadcast] The glass sheets manufactured by witnessing manufacturing technology not only have high optical quality, but also can be used as circuit systems. An example of such a glass sheet application is a liquid crystal display (LCD). It is necessary to have certain characteristics as LCD-level glass, and these hiding are based on the glass melt of the final glass sheet. In general, the LCD makes __ is a kind of New Zealand _ _ _ acid composition. The glass sheets or sheets used in LCDs are formed by controlling the cooling of liquid glass, the so-called glass melt. Fine, glassy melts often contain uneven impurities, making the resulting glass sheets incapable of meeting the desired quality. Such uneven impurities may include solid or gaseous inclusions, a small amount of deviation density, and chemical composition in the glass county. The latter phenomenon is often referred to as a gift. Recording Section_Distribution of the ribs produces the availability of glass sheets. For example, in a liquid crystal display device, the cord may cause an abnormal county in a visually (four) shape when displayed. In particular, the New Zealand will cause local areas to be distracted. Local areas of non-refractive rate may make the resulting glass unsuitable for some precise use.先前 Previously, we used mechanical agitators. However, the high temperature and aggressive glass composition of the glass 'melt may not allow direct mechanical agitation. The components must be made of expensive two 1359118 1 ' r , . Fire metal composition S, usually shaft or _ alloy 峨 high temperature resistant environment. In particular, high shear stress can corrode the agitating element and the container containing the glass, which causes the objectionable particles to be produced in the molten glass. The vibrational energy usually expressed in the form of ultrasonic energy has been used in a wide variety of fine towels. The super-weighing material is made _ place is to shed sheep fluid during e W operation, such as using ultrasonic cleaning jewels. In industrial applications, the supersonic ship f often screams. That is, it is used to remove gas inclusions from the liquid. The process of making glass in U.S. Patent No. 4,316,734 utilizes ultrasonic energy to coalesce small seeds (bubbles) into larger bubbles which are removed at a faster rate without changing the viscosity of the glass melt. Thus, for example, it is possible to increase the viscosity of the glass melt by lowering the temperature without excessively affecting the rate at which the melt N rises. The temperature of the lowering of the health is also a significant energy saving. U.S. Patent No. 4,316,734 discloses the selection of a frequency and energy intensity corresponding to the acoustic impedance at the interface between the source of acoustic energy and the glass and the dynamic viscosity of the glass, causing a certain percentage of the bubbles in the glass to move upward. U.S. Patent No. 2,635,388 is also directed to a method of removing gas inclusions from molten glass. U.S. Patent No. 2,635,388 describes how to use a heating element to embed in a fused glass and to generate ultrasonic vibrations. The heating element creates a localized high temperature in the melt, and the low viscosity region, when acted upon with the agitation of the vibrating element, will help to collect the bubbles away from the glass. The convective airflow generated by heating causes all of the glass volume to eventually pass through the local high temperature region. 'Page 6 Although these and its financial domain have been slightly effective in removing bubbles from the surface, there is no significant difference in the mixing of molten glass to achieve glass homogenization (removal of uneven impurities). Results. Indeed, the method described in U.S. Patent No. 2,635, 388, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The high temperature mechanical infestation environment of the Buffalo melt will cause the process to be interrupted according to the transfer of _·®, or to the replacement of the eucalyptus, the fine branch of the city tree, the turn of the wire, and the exfoliation of the glass melt. The appearance of the furnace--the method of viewing the glass can be called the effect of the postal smelting of the secret (4). The new product does not encounter the disadvantage of inserting additional components into the molten material. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This description describes a method by which a waveguide assembly can be used to introduce a supersonic sequence of a particular frequency and introduce a glass melt at a specific power value in the form of a continuous wave-like or long (multi-cycle) burst. Things. The 帛-near sinus of the excitation signal waveform is sinusoidal, and the sneak recordings are significantly non-linear, and the waveforms in the resulting sound field may vary. In order to comply with the implementation and theoretical narrative, multi-cycle bursts can be considered as continuous wave signals by the same ship. Thus the sound field within the excitation device can be considered substantially as a single tone (single frequency). The excitation device that converts the electronic input energy from the RF power source into acoustic output energy to the melt is composed of components of the daisy chain: 1. A suitable converter consisting of one or more active (piezoelectric) components , complementary mass before and after; 2. Selective matching links, solid objects combined with individual or progressive diameter steps; 3. Rod-type waveguides, usually cylindrical rods of fixed diameter. To ensure efficient transmission through the chain, the solid components are designed to resonate with the target frequency. If the loss of the resonant device is negligible and terminated by an element with infinite impedance contrast (infinite hard or infinite soft), it should be exactly half the wavelength. The wavelength of a particular model is equal to the speed of sound, and thus the materials and fractions considered. Thus, the miscellaneous solution is determined by the fact that the wavelengths between the various elements constituting the chain of different materials are significantly different. Moreover, the waveform varies in length according to the cross-section of the component and the variation on the cross-plane. Finally, the speed of sound in the actual material depends on the temperature and the wavelength is also awkward. In order to generate a more efficient excitation chain, all components should be adjusted to the same frequency. Since the deviation of each component from the simple assumption may be different, this difference may require different adjustments for the solid component. For example, in a matched chain, the diameter step is not infinitely steep: during the operational period _ with a finite _ _ radius _ link to generate the stress. This fillet affects the best length. > The waveguide assembly can be driven at a suitable resonant frequency, such as between about 20 kHz and 40 kHz, to provide sufficient acoustic power to the glass fused to enhance mixing in the glass melt. . Preferably, the acoustic power is drawn to the glass melt greater than about 5 watts (W), preferably at least about 3 Å; ^ (w), more preferably at least about 40 watts, and even more preferably at least about 5 watts. . According to an embodiment of the present invention, sufficient sound power can be supplied to the glass-mixing mixture to produce a nonlinear acoustic effect, particularly a sound flow, at 1359118 1 'I · _. In one embodiment, a method of mixing a glass melt is described that includes generating an acoustic wave that couples acoustic waves to a glass melt by a waveguide, wherein the acoustic wave provides sufficient acoustic power to the glass melt within the glass melt Produce a sound stream. By engaging the waveguide sound into the glass melt and generating standing waves along the longitudinal dimension of the waveguide, sufficient acoustic energy of the glass melt, such as ultrasonic energy, can be provided to enhance homogeneity within the glass melt. In another embodiment, Lu describes a device that provides sufficient acoustic energy to the glass melt in the container, including a transducer that produces sound waves, a lightly coupled waveguide to the converter and the glass melt, in which The waveguide is designed to generate standing waves at a certain acoustic frequency within the waveguide and to create an acoustic flow within the glass melt. It is to be understood that the foregoing general description of the embodiments of the invention The inclusion of the present invention provides a further understanding of the invention and is incorporated herein as part of the specification. The drawings show various embodiments of the invention and the accompanying drawings [Embodiment] The sound is the axis or material - the county is like Lai or Qian Jieyu. The source of the vibration is the perturbation of this medium. For example, vibration is generated when a ringing bell is struck. The edge of the ring is moved relative to the air. First, when the edge moves outward, the tree creates a high pressure region in the air, and then a low pressure region is created when the edge 1359118 moves inward. The high and low pressure regions are called so-called compressed and sparse regions, respectively. The adjacent molecules that affect the air pass through the medium like waves: the molecules in the air move backwards or forwards according to the alternating high and low pressure, and then act on adjacent molecules in sequence. It then acts on its adjacent molecules and so on. Therefore, the high and low voltage regions pass through the medium as waves having a specific amplitude and wavelength. As it passes, the passing waves diverge in space and lose energy due to absorption. The passing wave also creates constructive or destructive interactions with other waves. For example, such waves may overlap with other reflected waves (e.g., from the surface of the object) such that the two waves reinforce each other to produce a standing wave. This situation occurs when the two waves are in phase with each other. Standing waves define individual nodes and anti-nodes that correspond to the minimum and maximum pressure zones. The standing wave can be generated in the reflected ring + brother, for example by adjusting the wavelength (frequency) of the wave to an appropriate multiple of half the wavelength so that the reflected wave overlaps well. The general standing wave is quite strong. However, an excessively strong sound may cause a heterogeneous reaction as it passes through the medium. This heterogeneous reaction may include seismic waves, acoustic saturation (the medium cannot absorb additional acoustic energy), and acoustic flow, or the process by which sound waves flow through the medium. That is to say, the above-mentioned vibrating molecules do not move in the - flat touch field _ without the overall true I position. During the sound flow, the average position of the molecules is surely changed. The sound stream has been used to manipulate liquids, such as relatively low temperature liquids, moving bubbles, and droplets ejecting liquid. Sound flow is also used to locally mix very small amounts of liquid (i.e., microfluidic mixing). The more difficult thing is to make the sound machine in the same viscosity, and a large amount of liquid, such as a large number of glass manufacturing operations t _ _ _ effective and mixed ship with custom glass. Page 10 1359118 The so-called glass contains various glass components above its individual softening point. Usually the glass melt is about 12 inches. (: and 17〇〇. (: Between. The glass contains a random, liquid (amorphous) molecular structure of the material. The glass manufacturing process needs to add raw materials to produce a complete smelt of the smelt' Cooling _ Recording office hard and solid crystal. Glass or glass melt may be any of a variety of ingredients, including soda lime glass, oblique glass, borosilicate glass, high-salt glass, 9 _ stone glass, melting The meteorite glass and the high-alloy bad acid glass. The so-called sound wave is intended to cover the mechanical vibration transmitted by the medium. In a certain setting, the sound wave is within the ultrasonic range, and the target frequency is about 2 kHz. The present invention comprises a waveguide assembly 10 as shown in Figure 1 for providing acoustic energy via sound waves to the glass melt 12 contained within the container 14, thereby mixing the glass swarf. It can be any of a wide variety of arrangements. In one arrangement, the container 14 defines a molten glass flow path that is coupled to the waveguide button 10 to select a (four) 'percentage region for mixing. Thus the container can be accepted upstream The glass melt is allowed to be placed and allowed to be placed under the glass. For example, the container 14 may be a line through which the smelting glass flows. In this arrangement, the container 14 includes an open top to allow the waveguide to be spliced and Contact with glass melt. It is generally believed that the container may include a passage port or aperture at the level of the glass smelter, the _ portion of the waveguide. The waveguide _ the waveguide f component and the glassy melt. The waveguide assembly can be audibly engaged to the outer surface of the container to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art mixing method. The so-called vocal 1st page 1359118% « is the first element coupled to the second element, to this It is possible to pass sound waves from the first element to the second element, preferably but not necessarily with minimal amplitude loss.
容器14最好由諸如鉑或鉑铑合金的耐火金屬所構成 譬如包含80%紐-20·的合金。容器14最好包括—個入口 端和一個出口端，使得熔融玻璃可以連續或半連續坡場製 造作業的方式流經容^。然而餅注意岐本發_方^ 也可實施於不流動的熔融玻璃。 、波導管組件10被設計用來有效轉換射頻功率為聲功率 ，並包括轉換器16以達成此種轉換再由一個波導管18傳 輸產生的聲功輕玻雜_ 12。為了提升解傳輪的效 率，波導官組件10被設計成可用來匹配元件内的聲阻抗，以 及在特定頻率時產生共振。因而我們可假設在共振元件内 的損耗是可忽略的，而且波導管組件可以藉由具無限阻抗The container 14 is preferably constructed of a refractory metal such as platinum or a platinum rhodium alloy, such as an alloy comprising 80% New-20. Preferably, vessel 14 includes an inlet end and an outlet end such that the molten glass can flow through the continuous or semi-continuous slope field manufacturing operation. However, the cake can be applied to molten glass which does not flow. The waveguide assembly 10 is designed to efficiently convert RF power to acoustic power and includes a converter 16 to effect such conversion and then transmit the resulting acoustic light -12 by a waveguide 18. To enhance the efficiency of the de-distribution wheel, the waveguide component 10 is designed to match the acoustic impedance within the component and to create resonance at a particular frequency. Thus we can assume that the losses in the resonant element are negligible and that the waveguide assembly can be made with infinite impedance
對比(無限硬或無限軟)的元件終止，波導管組件的縱轴長 度應該剛好等於波長的一半。 在一實施範例，波導管18的第一端20通過容器14， 合至玻__ 12,而鱗们8的第二端22縣搞合 ，器16。波導管18(和波導管組件1〇)有第一熱端2〇，通常 疋超過1200t，大約在12_和1WC之間，而較冷的第二 :22最好是在厢溫度或至少有助於轉換器運作的溫度。 統的超音波觀Hit常啡承麵約5(rc的溫度。在較 ^溫度’祕熱雜紐__或雖化，機器將 會㈣永纽的猶。麵1置巾，機獅溫度最好 第12To contrast (infinitely hard or infinitely soft) components terminated, the longitudinal axis of the waveguide assembly should be exactly half the wavelength. In one embodiment, the first end 20 of the waveguide 18 is passed through the container 14 to the glass __12, while the second end 22 of the scale 8 is engaged. The waveguide 18 (and the waveguide assembly 1〇) has a first hot end 2〇, typically 疋 1200t, between 12_ and 1WC, and the cooler second: 22 is preferably at the cabin temperature or at least Helps the temperature at which the converter operates. The super-acoustic view of Hit morphine is about 5 (the temperature of rc. In the temperature of 'thermosphere', the heat of the __ or the aging, the machine will (four) yongnuo's face. 1 towel, the temperature of the machine lion is the most Good 12th
維持在100 c以下，而在更進一步設置中最好倾^5〇。〇。 轉換器16的功能是將射頻功率轉換成振動運動。轉換 ϋ可以是任何各式各縣界·_魅，絲 或p叩ilz類型的超音波轉換器。該項技術為人所知的轉 換益由信财衫24和冑頻神放A|| 26所购。接著信 號產生器24再由控制器28，例如_式控制器來控制。 輸入至轉換器的激發信號電壓和頻率可以由控制器28 來控制，以使轉換器16維持在可產生有效超音 ^ 作狀況。也就是說，波導管組件10是以共振頻率來驅動。 換狀其啡有麵絲頻寬而著名 共振的特性則是視其介質而定。因為波導管組件，制是 波導管，可能暴露在某-溫度細，共振解則可能因溫度 為了匹配轉換器16和波導管18之間的聲阻抗波導管 18可能包含-無配鏈結3〇的部份。在某一設置中如圖 2所不，匹配鏈結30被設計成在匹配鍵結内具有約_目桿 ，率波長—俩長度。因此，所侧目容的概馨如鋼 =度约等於鋼内目標信號波長的一半。雖然鋼可以使用 乍為匹配鏈結30,但只要縣性質和損耗可為 可使用，對每一種材質而言，都要選擇匹配鏈結的 :長度以使轉換器的聲阻抗與波導管的聲輸入阻抗相匹 和匹配鏈結界面處，盡 管其餘部分的界面處 匹酉己鏈結30被設計成在轉換哭 量減少信號反射，在匹配鏈結和波導 1359118 * - · · 也是如此。因此，在每個界面處的反射功率量被盡量減少 以盡量放大輸送到玻璃熔融物12的總功率。 ’ 如上所述，轉換器16在波導管端22處聲耦合至波導管 18。波導管18的另一端20則浸入玻璃溶融物内，或最好聲 耦合至容器14的外部表面，以使聲功率透過容器14轉移到 玻璃熔融物。 圖3-4是依據本發明的實施範例將波導管18聲輕合至 容器14之數種方法。圖3顯示出一個附加到容器14外部表 面的内螺紋化插座(接頭)32。依此圖示，波導管18的端部 20包含外部螺紋，使得波導管18可以旋轉至插座犯 以變化，圖4所示的一個較佳實施範例，波導管18在端部扨 、 包含大小配合附加到容器14外部表面的螺紋化突緣(接頭） 34的内螺紋化凹處。突緣34最好是焊接至容器14。突緣34 的端部表面23最好是垂直於突緣18的縱轴(突緣34的端面 是平的)，然後橫跨整個端面接觸突緣34的内凹處，使得聲 φ 功率不會只藉由螺紋化接觸而耦合。 波導官18被選在目標頻率共振(維持駐波）。因而波導 管18的長度最好約等於波導管中目標頻率波長的一半。在 某些實施範例令’波導管18可部份浸入玻璃熔融物12内，而 波導管未浸入的長度可當作轉換器16和玻璃炼融物12之間 的熱緩衝區。在未浸入的實施範例中，整個波導管18的長 度可當作一個熱緩衝區。 波導管18最好由足以抗高溫的材質所構成 。因為不管 波導官18疋接觸溶融玻璃或只是接觸容器14，在玻璃製造 第14 頁 (S > 作業中有些情況可能超過1_ΐ。令人滿意的材料包括重 銘土、陶究，或在高溫會維持高彈性模數的耐火金屬合金， 諸如鋁土、锫土和Pt-Rh合金。 ’ 雖然波導官18通常是圓柱形或簡單的階狀佩形然 據我們所知，麟管18也可岐鄉、鄉，或卷轴形（ 開縫或未開縫）。波導管18可以是實心棒或一根管或具有 大約實心棒直徑的空心圓筒。 在一項設置中，冷卻流體36被導引於部份波導管18(或 匹配鏈結30,假如使用情況)以協助提供轉換器16適當的操 作溫度。冷躲可以是在周圍溫度(即室溫)下穩定流速之 流動空氣。細就細所知，冷卻流也可以是已冷卻的氣 流。更進:步瞭解的是，波導管越短越需要更多的冷卻，可 能包含更❺速的急速冷赠體。通常冷卻流體被導引通過 轉換器附近的波導管(或匹配鏈結）。冷卻流體維持在穩定 的狀況有利於波導管18達到平衡狀熊、。 由於波導管18包含-個熱的端部和一個冷的端 著波導管的縱滅生-鱗度，這纽變聲波通過波導管 的速度。由轉換器產㈣聲波頻率可依據需要調整來維持 波導官組件_触振贿縣足____ ι2 。在超音波雛械崎雜料面也相溫度差異而改 變。因此’即使波導管藉由辭調整而保振轉換器的 電輸入^也可能有不同的共振。沿著在玻璃職物η和 ie 1{)的溫度梯度，主要會導致 沿著波導管組件縱軸的聲波速度改變，其次會導致熱ς服， 丄乃9118 尊 * a 目而改變t度。這兩種效應共同導致聲阻抗沿著波導管元 件長度之相對變化，其定義為聲壓除以最終體積速度。因 此’ I選擇設備10的組成，譬如波導管材質、長度和橫截面 時’應該要考慮沿著波導管組件縱軸，溫度所導致聲阻抗的 變化。 波導管18的最佳長度主要決定於波導管的材質選擇和 運作期間波導管的溫度。在某些實施細，最令人滿意的 波導管18長度大約是目標聲波頻率一個波長的波導管長度 ’因為這種長度可以提供沿著波導管長度足夠的溫度梯度， 使轉換H 16得以在i〇〇〇c以下運作以及允許波導管組件1〇 經由彳§號頻率加以調整以在共振頻率下操作。 當波導管18聲耦合至玻璃熔融物12時，波導管以超音 波振動的K纟I自谷g 14輸送聲功帛^玻璃;^融物。由於 引入足夠的功率至玻璃熔融物玻璃溶融物的移動促使充 分的混合峨昇所赶_;^融物的均雜。也就是氣 可以減少索狀物並均勻分散在整個玻璃熔融物。在一些實 施範例中，聲功率耦合至玻璃熔融物也可能產生熔融物的 空洞現象(cavitation)，其會在熔融物内導致局部性高流 速。藉著真空氣泡位址的建立，在其中氣體可以聚結並上 升到玻璃縣物表面，空洞現象也可能有助於玻璃的精煉（ 移除氣體夾雜物）。 在實施範例中，可以利用一個以上的波導管組件來加 強混合玻璃°圖5所示的實施範例是兩個波導管實體地耦 合至容器14。這兩個波導管的縱軸最好是正交的。所以我 第16 頁 1359118 ! · * 們知道可使用兩個以上的波導管。請參照圖6,其中所顯示 的示意圖是依據本發明實施範例的玻璃製造系統犯，其使 用熔化處理方式製造玻璃片。例如熔化處理方式說明於 Dockerty之美國第3,338, 696號專利。範例性溶化玻璃製 造系統42包括炫爐44(熔化器44)，在裡未加工的材料由圖 中箭頭46處引入，織溶化以形成溶融玻璃12。再者，玻璃 製造系統42通常包括由翻或含翻金屬譬如始铑、翻銀和其 組合所製成，但也可以由耐火金屬像是銦、纪、鍊、組/' • 鈦、鎢或是其合金所構成。含鉑的元件可包括精煉容器5〇 (即精煉容器管50)、熔化器至精煉容器連接管52、混合容 。器54(即授拌室54)、精煉容器至攪拌室連接f 56、配送容 器58(即碗狀容器58)、攪拌室至碗狀容器連接管60和降流 管62。炫融玻璃供應至耗合到成形容器66(即溶化管⑹的 • 人口 64處。經由入口 64處供應至成形容器66的熔融玻璃溢 出成形今器66,然後分成二股分開的玻璃流向下成形容器 鲁 66會聚之外侧表面。這二股分_玻璃流，再結合在會聚成 ，表面的交界線處以形成單一玻璃片68。通常成形容器郎 疋由陶瓷或玻璃陶瓷耐火材料所構成。 立由於分開的玻璃流下降到成形容器66會聚成形表面的 外部表面，並不與成形表面接觸，有原始外表面的結合玻璃 片而適合於製造液晶顯示板。 ，依據本發明的實施範例，設備1〇最好也可以使用在玻 場製造系統42含_部份之内。例如，一個或以上的設備 〇可以聲輕合至熔化器至精煉容器連接管56规掉室^以 第17頁 丄 i " I ， 龄熔融_。在觀的勝飢勝㈣姐融玻璃 =轉以均貝化玻璃。設備1〇可以用來輔助擾掉器像 疋藉由在攪拌ϋ旋轉時，同時施加超音波能至玻璃炫融物 ，或疋也可用設備10取代揽拌器70。 範例1: 在某特定溫度下，雜娜赠賴齡置觸:爐的鉑 錢掛堝(容|§)内再炫化其中的炫爐溫度在135〇。〇和1535 _ C之間變化。由氧化鋁部份和鋼阻抗匹配部分構成的波導 官藉由將氧化鋁部份浸入於玻璃熔融物内以聲麵合運作於 大約在20千赫25千赫間之τ〇ηρίΐζ類型的超音波轉換器至 玻璃熔融物。氧化鋁部份的直徑約22公釐，長度約43.2公 分。顯著的共振情況在約21.1千赫和21.4千赫之間的操作 頻率下達成，如同轉換器電阻抗最小值所示(頻率會根據先 前的範圍調整，以維持因波導管溫度相關的共振）。在· C的炫爐溫度下可達到44瓦的最大輸出功率。加入約2〇〇 φ 卿量的氧化錄以作為聲流視覺上的確認。玻璃被冷卻後 從坩堝移開。冷卻玻璃的視覺檢查顯示了聲流導致的氧化 始染色和玻璃的混合。 範例2: 在1350°C和1400°C之間的溫度下，高鋁删石夕酸玻璃在 置於炼爐的鉑铑坩禍(容器）内熔化，並且繼續維持丨45〇。〇 的溫度。由氧化鋁部份和鋼阻抗匹配部分構成的波導管被 聲耗合彳呆作於大約在20千赫25千赫間之Tonpi lz類型的超 音波轉換器至玻璃熔融物。氧化鋁部份的直徑約22毫米， 第18'頁 1359118 t - I * · 長度約43. 2公分。藉由螺紋化突緣焊接至掛塌的外部表面 以及在波導管氧化銘部份之内螺紋化凹處波導管的氧化 鋁部份實際雜合至坩堝。阻抗匹配部分經由加強黏著的 螺紋輕合至轉換器。顯著的共振情況在約22.5千赫和23千 赫之間的操作鮮下達成，如同轉換器電阻抗最小值所示（ 頻率會根縣祕細織，轉制溫度相關的 共振）。輸入至玻璃熔融物的功率約在4〇瓦和5〇瓦之間。 熟知此技術者對本發明能夠作各種變化及改變而並不 會脫離本發明之精神及範圍。本發明各種變化及改變均含 蓋於下列申請專利範圍及其同等情況範圍内。 【附圖簡單說明】 第一圖是依據本發明的一個實施範例之設備截面圖， »5:備在細性_縣1!枝合炫融玻璃。 第二圖是依據本發明實施例之另一個實施範例中混合 玻璃的設備截面圖，其中波導管包含阻抗眺部分。 g三圖和第四圖是利用螺紋化插座（第三圖)和螺紋化 突緣(★第四圖)微導f雜合至容狀法的截面圖。 第五圖是依據本發明的實施範例之另一範例設備的戴 面圖，其中用了兩個波導管絲合到容器。 第六圖是利用本發明的實施範例溶化玻璃製造處理過 程的示意圖。 附圖元件數字元號說明： 波導f組件10;玻璃炫融物12;容器14;轉換器 波導管18;端部20,22;端部表面23;信號產生器24;功 第19 頁 1359118 \ - i 率放大器26;控制器28;匹配鏈結30;螺紋化插座32;螺 紋化突緣34;冷流36;玻璃製造系統42;炼爐44;箭頭 46;精煉容器50;連接管52;攪拌室54;連接管56;配送 容器58;連接管60;降流管62;入口 64;成形容器66;玻 璃片68;擾拌器70。Maintain below 100 c, and in a further setting it is best to pour 5 〇. Hey. The function of converter 16 is to convert the RF power into a vibratory motion. Conversion ϋ can be any type of super-wave converter of the county level _ enchant, silk or p叩ilz type. The technology is known for its conversion benefits, which are purchased by Xincai Shirt 24 and 胄 神 A A|| The signal generator 24 is then controlled by a controller 28, such as a _-type controller. The excitation signal voltage and frequency input to the converter can be controlled by controller 28 to maintain converter 16 in an effective supersonic condition. That is, the waveguide assembly 10 is driven at a resonant frequency. It is known that the shape of the filament is wide and the resonance is characterized by the medium. Because the waveguide assembly, which is a waveguide, may be exposed to a certain temperature, the resonance solution may be due to temperature in order to match the acoustic impedance between the converter 16 and the waveguide 18. The waveguide 18 may contain - no mismatched links. Part. In a certain arrangement, as shown in Figure 2, the matching link 30 is designed to have a _ eye, a rate wavelength, and a length within the matching key. Therefore, the appearance of the side of the eye such as steel = degree is about equal to half the wavelength of the target signal in the steel. Although steel can be used as a matching link 30, as long as the nature and loss of the county can be used, for each material, the matching link must be chosen: the length to make the acoustic impedance of the converter and the sound of the waveguide The input impedances are matched and matched at the interface of the link, although the remainder of the interface at the interface is designed to convert the signal to reduce the amount of signal reflection, as is the case with the matching link and the waveguide 1359118 * - · ·. Therefore, the amount of reflected power at each interface is minimized to maximize the total power delivered to the glass melt 12. As described above, the converter 16 is acoustically coupled to the waveguide 18 at the waveguide end 22. The other end 20 of the waveguide 18 is immersed in the glass melt or, preferably, acoustically coupled to the outer surface of the container 14 to transfer acoustic power through the container 14 to the glass melt. 3-4 are several methods of acoustically coupling a waveguide 18 to a container 14 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 shows an internally threaded socket (joint) 32 attached to the outer surface of the container 14. As illustrated, the end 20 of the waveguide 18 includes external threads such that the waveguide 18 can be rotated to change the socket. In a preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the waveguide 18 is at the end, including the size fit. An internally threaded recess of the threaded flange (joint) 34 that is attached to the outer surface of the container 14. The flange 34 is preferably welded to the container 14. The end surface 23 of the flange 34 is preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the flange 18 (the end face of the flange 34 is flat) and then contacts the recess of the flange 34 across the entire end face so that the sound φ power does not Coupling only by threaded contact. The waveguide officer 18 is selected to resonate at the target frequency (maintaining standing waves). Thus the length of the waveguide 18 is preferably approximately equal to half the wavelength of the target frequency in the waveguide. In some embodiments, the waveguide 18 can be partially immersed in the glass melt 12, and the length of the waveguide that is not immersed can be used as a thermal buffer between the converter 16 and the glass smelting 12. In the embodiment that is not immersed, the length of the entire waveguide 18 can be considered as a thermal buffer. The waveguide 18 is preferably constructed of a material that is sufficiently resistant to high temperatures. Because no matter whether the waveguide 18 is in contact with the molten glass or just touching the container 14, in the glass manufacturing page 14 (S > some cases may exceed 1_ΐ in the operation. Satisfactory materials include heavy Ming, ceramic, or high temperature Maintain refractory metal alloys with high modulus of elasticity, such as alumina, alumina and Pt-Rh alloys. 'Although the waveguide officer 18 is usually cylindrical or simple in shape, as far as we know, the lining 18 can also be used. Township, township, or reel (slotted or unslotted). The waveguide 18 can be a solid rod or a tube or a hollow cylinder having a diameter of about a solid rod. In one arrangement, the cooling fluid 36 is directed to Part of the waveguide 18 (or matching link 30, if used) to assist in providing the proper operating temperature of the converter 16. The cold can be a flow of air that stabilizes the flow rate at ambient temperature (i.e., room temperature). It is known that the cooling flow can also be a cooled air flow. Further, it is understood that the shorter the waveguide, the more cooling is required, and the more rapid idle cold donor may be included. Usually the cooling fluid is guided through the conversion. Waveguide near the device (or matching the link). Maintaining the cooling fluid in a stable condition facilitates the waveguide 18 to reach a balanced bear. Since the waveguide 18 contains a hot end and a cold end of the waveguide Degree, this change the speed of the sound wave through the waveguide. Produced by the converter (4) The sound frequency can be adjusted according to the need to maintain the waveguide official component _ touch the bribe county foot ____ ι2. In the ultrasonic sound machine, the surface temperature is also The difference is changed. Therefore, even if the waveguide is used to adjust the electrical input of the converter, there may be different resonances. The temperature gradient along the glass object η and ie 1{) mainly leads to the along the wave. The acoustic velocity of the longitudinal axis of the catheter assembly changes, and secondly it causes a thermal sputum, which is a change of t degrees from 9118 Å*. Together, these two effects result in a relative change in acoustic impedance along the length of the waveguide element, defined as the sound pressure divided by the final volumetric velocity. Therefore, the composition of the I-selective device 10, such as the material, length, and cross-section of the waveguide, should be considered as a function of temperature along the longitudinal axis of the waveguide assembly. The optimum length of the waveguide 18 is primarily determined by the choice of material for the waveguide and the temperature of the waveguide during operation. In some implementations, the most satisfactory waveguide 18 is approximately the length of the waveguide at a wavelength of the target acoustic wave' because this length provides a sufficient temperature gradient along the length of the waveguide, allowing the conversion H 16 to be 〇〇〇c operates below and allows the waveguide assembly 1 to be adjusted via the frequency of the 彳§ to operate at the resonant frequency. When the waveguide 18 is acoustically coupled to the glass melt 12, the waveguide delivers acoustic power from the valley g 14 with supersonic vibration K纟I; Due to the introduction of sufficient power to the movement of the glass melt glass melt, sufficient mixing and soaring is promoted. That is, the gas can reduce the rope and evenly disperse throughout the glass melt. In some embodiments, the coupling of acoustic power to the glass melt may also create a cavitation of the melt that can result in localized high flow rates within the melt. By the establishment of a vacuum bubble address, in which the gas can coalesce and rise to the surface of the glass county, the void phenomenon may also contribute to the refining of the glass (removal of gas inclusions). In an embodiment, more than one waveguide assembly can be utilized to enhance the hybrid glass. The embodiment shown in Figure 5 is that the two waveguides are physically coupled to the container 14. The longitudinal axes of the two waveguides are preferably orthogonal. So I am on page 16 1359118 ! · * We know that more than two waveguides can be used. Referring to Figure 6, there is shown a schematic diagram of a glass manufacturing system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention which utilizes a melt treatment to produce a glass sheet. For example, the melt processing method is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,338,696 to Dockerty. The exemplary molten glass manufacturing system 42 includes a blaze 44 (melter 44) into which unprocessed material is introduced by arrows 46 in the figure to be melted to form molten glass 12. Furthermore, the glass manufacturing system 42 typically comprises a turn-over or flip-top metal such as ruthenium, silver, and combinations thereof, but may also be made of refractory metal such as indium, kiln, chain, group/'s titanium, tungsten or It is composed of its alloy. The platinum-containing member may include a refining vessel 5 (i.e., a refining vessel tube 50), a melter to a refining vessel connecting tube 52, and a mixing capacity. The 54 (i.e., the mixing chamber 54), the refining vessel to the mixing chamber are connected f 56, the dispensing container 58 (i.e., the bowl container 58), the stirring chamber to the bowl container connecting tube 60, and the downcomer 62. The glazing is supplied to a population 64 that is consuming to the forming vessel 66 (i.e., the melting tube (6). The molten glass supplied to the forming vessel 66 via the inlet 64 overflows the forming unit 66, and then splits into two separate glass streams to form the container downwardly. Lu 66 gathers on the outer side surface. These two strands of glass flow are combined at the converging, surface boundary line to form a single piece of glass 68. Usually the forming container is made of ceramic or glass ceramic refractory material. The glass flow is lowered to the outer surface of the forming container 66 which converges the forming surface, is not in contact with the forming surface, and has a combination of the original outer surface and is suitable for the manufacture of the liquid crystal display panel. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus 1 is preferably It can also be used within the _ part of the field manufacturing system 42. For example, one or more devices can be squeaked to the melter to the refining vessel connecting tube 56 to separate the chamber ^ page 17 丄i " I , age melting _. In the view of victory and hunger wins (four) sister melted glass = turn to uniform glass. Equipment 1 〇 can be used to assist the scrambler like 疋 by rotating ϋ, When the ultrasonic energy is applied to the glass smelt, or the sputum can be replaced by the device 10, the sampler 70 can be replaced by the device 10. Example 1: At a certain temperature, the scent of the scent of the singer is touched: the platinum money of the furnace is hanged (capacity | § The temperature of the smelting furnace in the interior is 135 〇. 〇 and 1535 _ C. The waveguide composed of the alumina portion and the steel impedance matching portion is immersed in the glass melt by the alumina portion. Acoustic surface operation of an ultrasonic transducer of the type τ〇ηρίΐζ between 20 kHz and 25 kHz. The alumina portion has a diameter of about 22 mm and a length of about 43.2 cm. Significant resonance Achieved at an operating frequency between approximately 21.1 kHz and 21.4 kHz, as indicated by the converter's electrical impedance minimum (the frequency will be adjusted according to the previous range to maintain the waveguide-dependent temperature resonance). At the temperature of the stove, the maximum output power of 44 watts can be achieved. The oxidation of about 2 〇〇 φ is added as a visual confirmation of the sound flow. The glass is cooled and removed from the crucible. The visual inspection of the cooled glass shows the sound. Flow-induced oxidation initiation and glass Example 2: At a temperature between 1350 ° C and 1400 ° C, the high-alumina glass is melted in a platinum crucible (container) placed in a furnace and maintained at 丨45 〇. The temperature of the waveguide consisting of the alumina portion and the steel impedance matching portion is acoustically consumed by a Tonpi lz type ultrasonic transducer of approximately 20 kHz and 25 kHz to the glass melt. The part is about 22 mm in diameter, the 18' page 1359118 t - I * · the length is about 43.2 cm. It is welded to the collapsed outer surface by the threaded flange and is threaded within the waveguide oxidation part. The alumina portion of the recessed waveguide is actually hybridized to the crucible. The impedance matching portion is lightly coupled to the transducer via the reinforced thread. Significant resonances are achieved with operations between about 22.5 kHz and 23 kHz, as indicated by the minimum impedance of the converter (frequency, temperature, and resonance). The power input to the glass melt is between about 4 watts and 5 watts. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure is a cross-sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention, »5: prepared in the fineness _ county 1! The second drawing is a cross-sectional view of a device for mixing glass according to another embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the waveguide includes an impedance 眺 portion. g. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are cross-sectional views of the microconducting f hybrid to the capacitive method using a threaded socket (third figure) and a threaded flange (Fig. 4). The fifth drawing is a front view of another exemplary apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention in which two waveguides are used to wire the container. Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the process of manufacturing a molten glass using the embodiment of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The elements of the figures are: waveguide f assembly 10; glass slab 12; container 14; converter waveguide 18; ends 20, 22; end surface 23; signal generator 24; - i rate amplifier 26; controller 28; matching link 30; threaded socket 32; threaded flange 34; cold flow 36; glass manufacturing system 42; furnace 44; arrow 46; refining vessel 50; Stirring chamber 54; connecting tube 56; dispensing container 58; connecting tube 60; downflow tube 62; inlet 64; forming container 66; glass sheet 68;
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