TW491730B - Bimetal supported catalyst based on platinum or silver and its manufacturing process - Google Patents
Bimetal supported catalyst based on platinum or silver and its manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW491730B TW491730B TW088103228A TW88103228A TW491730B TW 491730 B TW491730 B TW 491730B TW 088103228 A TW088103228 A TW 088103228A TW 88103228 A TW88103228 A TW 88103228A TW 491730 B TW491730 B TW 491730B
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- catalyst
- platinum
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 Hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000474 mercury oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Hg]=O UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSJBQKNEPOOUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(OC(=O)N(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound C(C(OC(=O)N(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl ZSJBQKNEPOOUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IHWJXGQYRBHUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Pt] Chemical compound [Ag].[Pt] IHWJXGQYRBHUIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004736 wide-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/70—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
- B01J35/77—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/097—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds comprising two or more noble metals or noble metal alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Description
491730 五、發明說明(1) 本發明疋有關於一種以鉑或銀 觸媒,在電化電池電極上的應用 更特別地’本發明是有關於— 雙金屬載體觸媒,在電化電池電 有一層薄膜和一還原氧的陰極, 氫氧化物溶液和一種鹼金屬氣化 該電解電池大體上是由一種陽 該電池分成陽離子組成,和至少 該陰極組成會被輸入一種含氧氣 利用還原氧陰極在該電化學製 如下: 陽極上:2氣離子—氯氣+ 2電 陰極上:水+ 1/2氧氣+2電子-為加速在陰極上的反應,和降 值’會使用觸媒。大體上貴金屬 載體上’特別如有高比表面積的 更佳的是’使用鉑或銀,鉑雖 有最低的陰極過電壓絕對值。 曹觀察到當如上述提到之該類 期間’會發生鉑或銀粒子在使用 象會減少該觸媒活化表面積,導 觀察到電池電壓增加,導致耗能 托馬兹格等人(Tomantscheger 1 992,39冊,卷一,第2卜41頁) 為基礎之穩定雙金屬載體 〇 種以麵或銀為基礎之穩定 極上的使用,該電化電池 該陰極會產生一種鹼金屬 物(如氣化納、氣化鉀)。 離子交換薄膜,該薄膜將 一種以上陰極組成,其中 體。 程方法的陽極和陰極反應 子 >2氫氧離子 低該反應過電壓的絕對 如麵或銀會沈積在導電性 碳材質,或金屬底材。 然它是一種貴金屬,但具 電解電池,在停止操作的 的載體上聚集累積,該現 致減少其功能,特別地可 增加。 ♦ e t a 1 ·)(能源資源期刊 冒發現在石墨上由鉑粒子
第5頁 491730 五、發明說明(2) :二j =媒,若浸泡在鉀中,會發生該始粒 象’錢離子若在80力鉀中浸泡48小時,::集 直徑50埃〜2〇〇埃的粒子。 了 會形成 怕塔基等人(Pataki et al)(電化學學會會 夕. 多,安大略,5月12-17,1 9 85,外邻搞盈曰以〇夕倫 924-92 5頁)證明了藉由一氧化石户^ ’摘要659號,第 觸媒浸在鉀中時了二==理碳材,如上述所言之 聚集。 啁铄曰有叙小的鉑離子 更令人驚訝的發現是,降低甚至 象,是可能的。藉由自發沉積在該載體:,4以的' 的第一種金屬是由始或銀中選出:第;ΐ 組中選出。 鍺和餓的群 ==明’提供一種由導電性載體,# ^工::’和第二胸第-㈣不心匕 金屬/儿積膜而形成之穩定雙金屬觸媒。 萄之 最好M2是鉑、銀或釕。 根據本發明,該金屬鍍膜M1/M2i質量比 少要1,最好是在丨侧之間。 M2大體上至 穑’碳材質如石墨、爐黑、碳黑或碳粉比表面丨 積至^在50"1 4,最好在100〜600mVg,可用來作為導雷 ! = : =材料,這些碳材質可經前處理,特別是為了在 石反材負的表面上製造官能基。 由該碳材質載體的說明,所亨到之石墨可稱為timcal
491730 五、發明說明(3) HSAG-3 00有3 60 m2/g的t匕矣而祛 _ ^ 種有36 0m2/g比表面積的石山,鍤迫進(Sibunit 5是一 里1 +奏&接士的 種稱為VULCAN XC —72R的爐 黑其比表面積有3 0 0 m2 /g。 還雙金屬觸可用還原金屬鹽混合物的共同 還原反應製備,該製備方法包括’自主==二2 中,該導電性載體鱼含右筮一入^ 、’又/貝在/谷㈣媒;丨 屬3丄力+ /、有第一金屬M1的金屬鹽溶液,該金 屬疋由錄或銀中選出和方笼―盛人 ' 第一層屬^的金屬鹽溶液,該 層與第層不同金屬之金屬,如鉑 '銀、金、釕、 ^ ^ ^ ^ 疋授掉和惰性氣體吹拂,慢慢地 碳ίΓ截懸浮物是由金屬M1M2金屬鹽溶液,和該 末=。,在常壓和6"°°c中乾燥就會形成粉 ^然後:低壓和90〜11(rc下乾燥。再將所得到的乾粉粒 虱氣中吹拂,在溫度30 0〜60(rc下會使得該溫度以每 =〇玄2].5°C的速率上升,最好控制在每分創2~i (rc 2速率上升。然後停止加熱,或最多持溫20小時,最好是 持溫2〜16小時。 、 最好疋使用M1M2金屬的金屬鹽水溶液/醇溶液最好是用 ^醇溶液。該溶液中所含金屬M1M2的鹽類溶液,所佔的重 里百分率濃度會有廣大的範圍,該重量百分率濃度可由一 2中含幾克到幾十克的鹽類,該濃度是以下列來計算,當 含有該金屬M1M2的鹽類溶液,混合在_起質量比是m^/m2 比例的金屬M1M2會自發地在該載體上沉積,至少是1,最 好比例是在1〜20間。 ' 然後製備了該溶液混合物,二種碳材載體和一種浸潰溶
第7頁 491730
五、發明說明(4) 劑,如苯或曱苯,大致上每克載體至少使用丨〇毫升溶劑, 倒入該混合液中。然後將所得的懸浮物在室溫下,加以授 拌和惰性氣體吹拂,通常以氮氣吹拂幾天?這樣會使得溶 劑蒸發,且該載體會被該金屬鹽完美且良好地浸潰著。 然後所得到的粉末,首先在大氣壓下,溫度β 〇〜§ Q 下’最好溫度接近7 0 C乾燥’然後在3減壓下,溫度將9 〇 °C及10 0 °C之間,最好在接近1〇〇 °c下乾燥。 在此步驟中’該載體被金屬Μ1和金屬Μ 2的鹽溶液浸潰 著,然後陽離子會在氮氣流下還原。 以該種製備方法所得到之本發明之雙金屬在體觸媒的穩+ 定度可被測試,為丁測試該觸媒,放入溫度6〇〜9〇 t之鹼^ 金屬懸浮溶液中,在氧中氣曝幾小時甚至於幾天。 藉由X光繞射來監測該處理前和處理後的情形。以Μ1為 例,尺寸大小和由Ml M2所組成金屬沈積薄臈的變化。 該分析法可證明該穩定雙金屬載體觸媒已經形成。 因為該金屬Ml的微粒不再累積,當不同於該金屬…的 屬Μ 2微粒自發地沈積在該載體上。 、、根據本發明之穩定的雙金屬載體觸媒可用來作電化電 極=媒可特別地使用在有還原氧陰極的電化電池的電❿ 性本,明以鉑或銀為基礎的雙金屬觸媒,可維持質量活 維持單位f量觸媒的還原€流,穩定的持流時間或 、μ觸媒之特殊活性等之優點,如使單位面積的活性表
第8頁 491730 五、發明說明(5) 面積的還原電流固定。 以下列例子進一步說明本發明: 範例 該類觸媒的製備方法: 使用材料: 碳材皙盤體= 沃肯(VULCAN)XC-72R碳是一種參考碳材,這是一種約有 30 0 m2/g的比表面積的爐黑,120 m2/g微孔表面和88 m2/g 中孑L 表面(mesoporous) 〇 金屬 鉑與銀是所用的兩種金屬,鉑是在每升中含有85. 5克的六 氯鈾化氫(H2PtCl6)水溶液中,銀是在硝酸銀固體溶液中。 適用於金屬鹽的純溶液中,或水/乙醇金屬骧溶液 中0 純乙醇(99·85%)。 浸潰溶液 甲苯( 9 9. 90%) 根據本發明製備該觸媒: 、士 沃肯(VULCAN)上發生,使用金屬M1金屬M2自發 積的貝|所需的金屬鹽量的1〇 %在載體上。 (82^5^ J ^P) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H2PtC 16) ,Κ r, 鉑/升)〉谷在乙醇,倒入破冰器中。一種以 的觸媒(觸媒A),適量的固態硝酸銀稱重,溶於2醇;, 形成-種銀加鉬觸媒(觸媒Ap),兩種金屬鹽溶液加在一
/JU 五、發明說明(6) Ϊ弁^ 舶/銀質4 *為1,然後加入4克沃肯載體,和40 ^ —、、w苯所形成之懸浮液,以攪拌和氮氣吹拂,而產生 Φ t二了 1 〇 5使得溶劑得以蒸發,因此可得粉末,在空氣 時t C乾燥24小時,然後在減壓下以1 〇〇 °C乾燥24小 在該步驟中是# Τ γ τ疋Μ鉬11,和/或銀I鹽的形式沈積在碳材 上0 ' ^下列步驟。,這些陽離子會被氫氣還原,該樣本以平 升1 t的速率加熱到5G(rc ’並維持這樣的溫度 丄b小時。 ^據上述製備方法而製成的觸媒’是廣角χ射線繞射(粉 驗其特,。V二布儀朗,(刪KER) AXS D 5000繞射儀來檢 (相)= a Γ射儀疋以一種銅一陽極射線管,和一種矽 、’ 悲偵測益’以派提耳(Pel tier)效應冷卻。 寸平ITf ^繞射儀來伯測沈積在碳質載體上金屬結晶的尺 二極Λ Ϊ 決定該線寬的一半強度下極大值 辅,來模擬線寬而得,(經由減去遠痒 /」山數為 重在m//散設在個\電腦上的軟體)測量較注 ;張來校正測量寬度,其平均結晶大小d(以納4= 於、,曰面的方向可用雪落(Scherrer)方程式得到。
O:\57\57422.PTD 第10頁 491730 發明說明(7) ·9Χ λ/( ;Scxcos Θ),在此召c =(冷2一点 2)1/2 λ=0· 15418 nm 泠(in rd ):待測金屬的極大線寬的一半 30(in rd):完美結晶之標準極大值線寬,該線寬會近 待測金屬的線寬 0 :布萊格角度(Bragg angle) 該測量有一比較值可用來評估平均結晶大小的處理嗖 應,因為有背景干擾、S線的誤差、峰值基礎寬度的預估 (積分的極限),該測量的不準確度在1〇〜2〇%間。 為了測試該觸媒的穩定度將會使用下列儀器。 將/、個由PFA(單氟化高分子)作成的反應器串連起來, 以氧氣通入反應器,90毫升50%氫氧化納溶液和〇· 5克的 媒/倒入每一個反應器中,該反應器中加入攪拌磁條,再 將该反應器放入油浴中,每一反應器皆通入氧氣,藉 將溫度々控制在90它,和一接觸式溫度計,減流量大於每 秒4個氣泡,持續丨〇 〇個小時,經處理後該樣品在一過濾系 統(MilliP〇res)做真空過濾(水幫浦),採用的濾心是^氟 =♦ ^烯(PT FE )親水性的,然後在烘箱内以8 5 〇c乾燥4 8小 時接著在減壓烘箱下以丨〇 〇乾燥24小時。 觸媒A,觸媒P(非本發明),和觸媒Ap(根據本發明),备 被測試 · q —A:以銀為基礎的觸媒:1 0%銀沈積在VULCAN上 _p:以链為基礎的觸媒鉑沈積在VULCAN上 —AP :根據本發明的觸媒同時在VULCAN上沈積10%鉑和 491730 五、發明說明(8) 10% 銀 1 以下描述浸潰在50%氫氧化納水溶液90 °C 100小時之前 後,皆以X光繞射來決定其特質。 觸媒P(非本發明) :D = 5 nm D=4, 5 nm 處理前為結晶性物 鉑:(111)IL*=100 ( 220 )Il = 25 [*IL是線寬的強度] Ο 單位晶格的長度a = 3. 9213埃 經處理後的結晶物: : (111) IL = 100, : D = 1 2 nm ( 220 ) Il = 25 : D = 9. 5 nm 單位晶格的長度a=3. 921 3埃 可觀察到大量的鉑結晶體聚集 觸媒A (非依據本發明) 處理前的結晶物: :D二8 0 nm :D = 2 5 nm :D = 12 0 nm :D二5 0 nm φ 銀:(111)IL = 100 ( 220 )Il = 2 經處理後的結晶物: 銀:(111)IL = 100 ( 220 )Il = 25 可觀察到大量的銀結晶體聚集 觸媒AP (依本發明)·· 處理前的結晶物:
第12頁 491730 五、發明說明(9) 同鉑含里合金:鉑/銀固態溶液含1 1原子%銀 (111)線 :D=4.5 nm (a = 3.9410A) (22〇)'^ :D = 4,nm 回銀含量合金:銀-鉑固態溶液含23原子%鉑 (111)線 :D=12.5 nm 雨插輪⑬,力 (220)線 :D = 7.9 nm 兩種物質(鈾 银知# 生結晶,且可以相對的銀翻固態溶液)可在VULCAN碳上產 質載體上始/銀質量比望銀和翻含量而區分出在VULCAN碳材 處理後的結晶物:4於1 (重量10%的麵和重量10%的銀) nm :D = 3. nm , :D=7.2 nm -翻—銀固態溶液:(111)線:D=4.9 nm ; (22〇)線 -銀—鉑固態溶液:(111)線:1)=12. 、h ^ (220)線 沒有發現金屬聚集。 由酸驗溶液中氧氣的還原來決定觸媒的活性。 準備電極來測晋 準備-種由觸媒粉末、超純水、乙醇所混合而成的懸浮 液,然後將該懸洋液以超音波攪拌均勻兩小時,一種四氟 化聚乙烯(PTFE)加入懸浮液,加入該液中,同樣以超音波 攪拌均勻。 nm 一種以玻璃碳作成的端材,首先以鑽石微粉拋光,直到 --再以丙酮、乙醇、超純咚的次序做超音波清洗丨5分
第13頁 491730 五、發明說明(ίο) 鐘,然後在烘箱内乾燥,取10毫升最後懸浮液以微注射器 喷在該玻璃碳端材上沈積,在室溫中乾燥整夜,然後在二 箱中以20 0 °C乾燥15分鐘,可得該鍍膜之機械整體性,所、 以以該製備方法而獲得的電極就裝置在圖一的電池上。 ^電池疋由一種旋轉盤電極(丨),在之前所製備的端材 上,一種拉金(Luggin)毛細管(3),與參考電極(4), 連接一種白金反電極(5),和提供氧氣的一種喷洒氣(6), 該旋轉盤電極(1)、參考電極(4)、和反電極 電態站上(在圖一中顯示)。 社 活性的測詈: 产極Λ白金活性表面積可由在超純"濃度硫酸溶液, 在氮軋(氬氣)中在氫氣中吸附/去吸附範圍中,由一循環 伏特計曲線而決定,然後將該電極放入一含有i ^ 默克(MERCK)製造超純氫氧化納、和超純水而成的氫氧化 =水溶液的電池中,該電池的溫度維持在价,在測量前 ^以氧氣吹入該氫氧化納溶液中使氯氧 達工到飽和:然後一種電壓級1伏(果/氧化采)和。Γ伏 (=乳化水)間震盪,在每i mv/s且不同 (500, l〇〇L 20 0 0, 400 0轉)旋轉在不同的電極轉速下一 d,水/乳化汞)的電壓所觀察到的電流被記錄下, 由该電〜值和觸媒的活性表面積藉著拉維其(l方 程,和費式定律(Fick law)在穩態下決定、是可能的,也 就是說相對於該觸媒的内在活性的電流, mV(汞/氧化汞)電壓下("電化學」原理方法和應用
m O:\57\57422.PTD 第14頁 491730 五、發明說明(11) A.J.Bard, and C.R. F aulkner, Published by MASSON, 1983, Chapter 8) o 結果: 觸媒P被測出量出1 4. 6 cm2的活性表面積,和- 6 0 mV (汞 /氧化汞)電壓所產生的0.76 mA的ik,如:得52#Α/(:πι2的特 殊活性。 觸媒ΑΡ的活性可用相同的方法測得,該活性表面積 1 5 · 9 c m2 i k: 0 · 8 7 m A,如 5 5 /z A / c m2 的特殊活性。
O:\57\57422.PTD 第15頁 491730 案號 88103228 曰 修正 圖式簡單說明 圖1說明含有本發明之觸酶所製備之電極之電池,其中符 號π 1π代表”旋轉盤電極π 、符號π 2π代表π玻璃碳端材π、符 號” 3"代表拉金(Luggin)毛細管、符號’’ 4Π代表”參考電極 π 、符號π 5 π代表"白金反電極π以及符號’f 6 π代表π喷洒氣
O:\57\57422.ptc 第16頁
Claims (1)
- 六 JM_88103228 、申請專利範圍修正本 藉一種安定雙金屬觸媒,其包含導電性載體和一種金屬 二塗層’此塗層包含選自鉑及銀之第一種金屬Ml,及第 種金屬M2 ,其係與第一種金屬M1不同,且係選自鉑、 ^、金、釕、銥、铑和餓。 曰2^板,申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒,其中該導電性載體 疋一種碳材,其具有比表面積為至少50m2/g。 二根據申請專利範圍第2項之觸媒,其中該碳材具有比 ' 積在100 m2/g與6〇〇 f/g之間。 3 4 ·根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒,其中μ 1是鉑,Μ 2Β •根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒,其中μ 1是銀,Μ 2 疋麵。 ^根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒,其中該金屬沈積 王層之金屬Ml與M2之質量比M1/M2為至少1 〇 7 ·根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒,其中該沈積塗層 之金屬Ml與M2之質量比M1/M2在1與20之間。8 · 一種製備根據申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒之方法,此 方法包括將該導電性載體與第一種金屬Ml(選自鉑及銀)之 金屬鹽溶液及第二種金屬M2(其與第一種金屬μ!不同,且 ,,自鉑、銀、金、釕、銥、铑和鐵)之金屬鹽溶液同時 浸潰於溶劑媒質中;以攪拌和惰性氣體吹拂,蒸發至乾 j,懸浮液包含金屬Ml與M2之金屬鹽類溶液和材質載 $ ;在大氣壓及60。(:至8〇t:間之溫度下,接著在減壓及9〇 C至11〇 C間之溫度下,使所獲得之粉末乾燥;使所獲得O:\57\57422.ptc曰 修正 -SS_^81〇3228_ 六、申請專利範圍 =,燥之粉末在溫度3 〇。π至 於母y刀鐘〇.2°C至l.5°C間之升,、w j之間,接受氫氣流, 熱’ 5將所獲得之溫度保持至=“:達成’然:後停止加 •根據申請專利範圍第8 、 係保持2到1 6小時之間。 万法,其中所獲得之溫度 一 1 0 ·根據申請專利範圍第8項之 金屬鹽係在乙醇溶液或水溶液/乙醇溶液/、中。金屬Ml與M2之 11 ·根據申請專利範圍第8項之方半。 之金屬赜玄汸φ夕舌曰仏、曲^ 法其中在金屬Μ 1與Μ 2 心显屬盟岭液中之重虿比濃度(即,同 金屬Ml與M2之質量比Μ1/Μ2)為至少}。 積在載肢上之 12·根據申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中金屬口盥⑽之 金屬鹽溶液中之重量比濃度(即,同時沉積在上之们 與M2之質量比M1/M2)在1與20之間。 1 3 ·根據申請專利範圍第8項之方法,复中兮、*、主、—十丨9 甲苯。 ,、中該…谷劑是 14·根據申請專利範圍第1、2或3項中任—項之觸盆 係用來製造電化電池用之電極。 、 、’八 15·根據申請專利範圍第14項之觸媒,其中該電化 為具有一種還原氧陰極之電解電池。 ~ /O:\57\57422.ptc 第18頁
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FR9802555A FR2775622A1 (fr) | 1998-03-03 | 1998-03-03 | Catalyseur bimetallique supporte a base de platine ou d'argent, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation pour les cellules electrochimiques |
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EP (1) | EP0940867B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3101261B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100358550B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1101259C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE346386T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2262828C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69934038T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2277415T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2775622A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW491730B (zh) |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2262828C (fr) | 2003-05-27 |
DE69934038D1 (de) | 2007-01-04 |
DE69934038T2 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
KR20000034808A (ko) | 2000-06-26 |
JP3101261B2 (ja) | 2000-10-23 |
JPH11310893A (ja) | 1999-11-09 |
KR100358550B1 (ko) | 2002-10-25 |
CN1101259C (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
CA2262828A1 (fr) | 1999-09-03 |
FR2775622A1 (fr) | 1999-09-03 |
EP0940867B1 (fr) | 2006-11-22 |
CN1232719A (zh) | 1999-10-27 |
EP0940867A1 (fr) | 1999-09-08 |
ATE346386T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
ES2277415T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
US6194338B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
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