TW482893B - Infrared pixel sensor and infrared signal correction. - Google Patents

Infrared pixel sensor and infrared signal correction. Download PDF

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Publication number
TW482893B
TW482893B TW088103845A TW88103845A TW482893B TW 482893 B TW482893 B TW 482893B TW 088103845 A TW088103845 A TW 088103845A TW 88103845 A TW88103845 A TW 88103845A TW 482893 B TW482893 B TW 482893B
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pixel
infrared
green
sensor
filter
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TW088103845A
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Edward J Bawolek
Jean Charles Korta
Walter J Mack
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Intel Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/20Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20Filters
    • G02B5/201Filters in the form of arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/10Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
    • H04N23/11Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/10Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
    • H04N25/11Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
    • H04N25/13Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
    • H04N25/131Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements including elements passing infrared wavelengths
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/10Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
    • H04N25/11Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
    • H04N25/13Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
    • H04N25/134Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33Transforming infrared radiation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/50Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J3/51Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters
    • G01J3/513Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters having fixed filter-detector pairs
    • G01J2003/516Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters having fixed filter-detector pairs with several stacked filters or stacked filter-detector pairs

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)

Description

482893 修正 案號 88103845 五、發明說明(1) 發明範疇 μ 本發明和紅外線通濾光器及像素感/則扣更特別是和一 影像之紅外線通濾光器及紅外線信號修正有關。 發明背景 根據矽技術之影像感測器或裝置通常需要於該光鍵某户 使用一紅外線阻隔元件。此元件之目的是防止紅Μ仏^处 、 1線^:身十 (IR)或光(通常指波長長於780nm之光)進入該影像陣 矽基礎之裝置通常對波長達約1 2 0 0 nm之光感光。若列。 I R進入該陣列,該裝置將回應該I R並產生一於山右允許該 』出景〉億 號。既然影像系統之目的(在本文)是產生一吾你 斤、像中i 之表示,該I R #引入假回應使該影像扭曲。A 」見光 白)影像糸統’該結果可呈現明顯扭曲。例如葉子 (農 色可出現不正常之光。在一彩色影像系統,該、丨R及人膚 使該配色扭曲及產生一色彩不正確且去飽和少…之介入將 防止這些困難之一常用方法是使用離子化上色%' 玻璃上薄膜光塗層以產生一光元件,使可見光(通坡^离或在 380nm至780nm)通過及阻隔該IR。此元件可置於★亥透$广 統中該攝像透鏡前或可併入該影像組件中。此方法之&主要 缺點是成本及會增加糸統複雜性。一離子化上色玻璃元件 成本高容量約$ 1 · 5至$ 2 · 0 〇。薄膜塗層可以較低成本(約 $0.5至$1·〇)實施,但有因角度作用呈現光譜位移之其它 缺點。因此在一影像系統由該影像範圍中心至該邊緣未提 供一致之透射比特性。二種濾光器均因加入必須組裝於該 影像系統之額外零件而增加該系统複雜性。
O:\57\57526.ptc 第5頁 4^2893
其中I R對 ,此想要提供一無i R阻隔濾光器之影像系統 所付之影像信號並無相當之影響。 圖式簡述 圖1說明傳統紅、綠及藍CFA濾光器之透射比 性圖2說明包含紅及藍㈣濾光器之IRit濾光器之透射比特 圖3是一具有紅及藍CF a濾光器沉澱於上一 化橫切面圖。 彳冢素電路簡 電路 圖4為修正該影像信號中之IR信號之差分電路簡化高 階 圖5 - 7說明彩-色感測器陣列之鋪陳模式 9 圖8說明單色感測器陣列之鋪陳模式。 實施例細述 在本發明之實施例中,一影像信號之IR效應實質上由將 像素感測器回應於IR及可見光產生之信號電減去IR像素感 測器產生之信號而降低。該IR像素感測器對入射到包含該 感測器之陣列之該IR感應’及提供和該彩色頻道分開之該 影像IR元件(如RGB)。
可使用目前市面上色彩濾光器陣列(C F A)材料利用這些 材料對I R放射為透明之事實產生該I r感測器。利用簡單重 疊二在光譜可見光無重疊透視比之CFA顏色(如R,B),可產 生一複合渡光器元件阻隔該可見光而只傳送I r。若使用二 慮光為形成該极合渡光為’則該二瀘、光器各有一彼此不交 集之可見光放射通過光譜,因此可見光實質上未透射由該
O:\57\57526.ptc 482893 修正 案號 88103845 五、發明說明(3) 二濾光器組合形成之複合濾光器。若使用不只二個濾光器 則各濾光器有一可見光放射通過光譜使所得之複合濾光器 對可見光貝貝上為不透明。此複合濾光器元件因此為一… ^ ^光态,因用以形成該複合濾光器之各構濾光器 實質上是透明的。 做為一範例,圖1顯示傳統紅、綠及藍CFA(pigmented 渡光器之透射比特性° ;主意,各渡光器對IR實 透明。㈣將紅及飾A濾、光器重疊,該複合IR通 j先為所付之透射比示於圖2,顯示實質上阻隔該可見光 5晉0 =將形成通濾光器之該等構成 通濾光器產生_IR感應像素或⑴象素感測- 像素電路為任何吸收^及=名巧㈣技術達成。一 之電路。例如,該像4:;::::所:r;;信f 且 產生电子電洞對,與其它雷技接徂么 流=%=/示該光二= 圖 ,包含心 素電路310上。可見光範圍之久監UA 330沉澱於像 素電路,實質上受阻 °圖不方向340入射該像 又丨且或防止被傻+ -較佳實施例使用-影像陣列m10吸收。 三種色彩(如RGB)及一括TD 〜 其具有4種像素感測器·· ’人 tS I R 5 J:<^7 Cl 'τΦτ -τ- 此-實施例將提供4個頻道或“市面上之m材質製造。 二1σ唬。一此種實施例示於 LFA 3 2 0及藍CFA 330沉澱於像 482893 _案號 88103845 Pf年〜月丨〆曰 修正 五、發明說明(4) 表I,其中顯示各頻道或像素類型之量測光譜。 表I:四個輸出頻道之光譜 一旦知道該影像信號之I R元件,可將之由該影像中減 去,以得到I R修正彩色輸出。這由圖4所示之高階電路表 示,其中頻道4之IR信號利用MUX 410及差分電路42 0,由 頻道1 - 3之各信號中減去。明顯地,若有三個差分電路執 行各色彩頻道I R信號之減去,則無需M U X 4 1 0。 圖5 - 7顯示彩色影像可能之鋪陳模式,及圖8顯示單色影 像之鋪陳模式,其中W表示對整個可見光譜感應之一像素 感測器。圖5 - 8所示各樣示可視為一晶胞。晶胞在一影像 陣列以完全規則方式重疊。 在圖5_7標示R -G及Β之像素感測器表示分別利用紅、綠 及藍CFA濾光器之像素感測器。在圖5-8標示IR(R + B)之像 素感測器為複合IR通濾光器包含紅及藍CFA濾光器之IR像 素感測器。 該像素感測器彼此不需要實際上之體接觸。形成一像素 感測器之像素電路需要和其它像素電路電隔絕。要知道只 有在一第一及第二像素間無像素感測器時視該第一像素感 測器和該第二像素感測器鄰接。例如,在圖7該左上像素 感測器R和左下像素感測器G、該上像素感測器G及該像素
O:\57\57526.ptc 第8頁 482893
五、發明說明(5) β鄰接’但並未和該右下像素感測器G及該IR像素感 測為郝接。二像素感測器可為鄰接,實際上彼此卻無實體 之接觸。 ^ ^ ^ΐ鏡系統之色差,一呈現景像之1 R成份可能無法 ^ ^ 這具際上為在此揭示該實施例之優點,因這表示 "’、=乂问空間頻率將該I R成份取樣。這反映於分別為彩色 及單色影像之圖7及8所表示之鋪陳模式。 々一 f有單色或彩色IR像素感測器之影像陣列,可用於一 為一1R影像陣列’其中只利用該1R像素感測器 _ 〜/成一 I R影像。因此依照在此揭示之實施 影像陣列可婼士、德> L 衣造之 1 了構成雙杈式影像陣列,提供一 I R修正可男、 像或一 I R影像。 』見先影 Λ現具有其它顏色系統之實施例,如青藍、绛紅及龙 泰糸統及绛紅、白及黃(MWY)系統。在該cmy顏色汽 而塗上所有三個顏色以阻隔可見光。該方法亦可延用、/ ^顏^系統,但需加上一第三顏色(藍或青藍)之額外声 對H ί t顏色將一1R感測像素中之可見光完全阻隔。\ M a κ苑例進行各種改良而未偏離本發明範圍如 義。 Γ <疋

Claims (1)

  1. 482893 ___案號 881〇3H_ 六、申請專利範圍 -- 1 · 一種影像器,回應入射於今旦/ 射提供多 個電信號,該影像器包含: Μ %像器之電磁放射提 多個像素感測器,其中該等像 、 包含一濾光器對紅外線放射實質U測器之各像素感測器 放射通過光譜’及其中各像素感刿哭3日】及有—可見的光 磁放射提供一信號; 的回應經其濾光器之電 一紅外線像素感測器包含: 一像素電路;以及 多個濾光器形成一複合滹本π 4九态,該笪、、♦ r 對紅外線放射實質上為透明及有—α寻應光器之各濾光器 譜,其中該複合濾光器對可g 土 可見的光放射通過光 其中該複合濾光器在該像♦带π κ貝上為不透明' * * I路附近以膏暂 的放射經該複合渡光器傳送及由該+二上防止可見光 磁放射之電信號;以及 表不經該複合濾光器傳送之電 一差分電路和該等像辛咸、、目丨丨。。” 以摆仳义德广啼 夂旦/ '、感“為及該紅外線感測器耦合 徂夕扩哚芬兮笙伶本1 表不該紅外線像素感測器提 供之#唬及该寺像素感測器提供信號之間之差。 2. —種提供一影像信號之方法,該方法包含: 、f供多個像素f測器,其中該等像素感測器之各像素感 測益包含一濾光器對紅外線放射實質上為透明及有一可見 的光放射通過光譜,及其中各像素感測器回應經其濾光器 之電磁放射&供一信號; 提供一紅外線像素感測器包含: 像素電路;以及
    O:\57\57526.ptc 第10頁 482893 _案號88103845 年(^月|:^日 修正_ 六、申請專利範圍 多個濾光器形成一複合濾光器,該等濾光器之各濾光器 對紅外線放射實質上為透明及有一可見的光放射通過光 譜,其中該複合濾光器對可見光的放射實質上為不透明, 其中該複合濾光器在該像素電路附近以實質上防止可見光 的放射由該像素電路吸收,及其中該紅外線像素感測器提 供一表示經該複合濾光器之電磁放射之電信號;以及將該 紅外線像素感測器提供之信號和該像,素感測器提供之信號 相減。 3. —種一感測器陣列中鋪陳模式之晶胞,該晶胞包含: 一紅像素感測器,以回應紅外線放射及實質上單該可見 _ 光譜之紅部分) ' 一第一綠像素感測器,以回應紅外線放射及實質上單該 可見光譜之綠部分; 一第二綠像素感測器,以回應紅外線放射及實質上單該 可見光譜之綠部分; 一藍像素感測器,以回應紅外線放射及實質上單該可見 光譜之藍部分,其中該紅、第一綠、第二綠及藍像素感測 器彼此鄰接; 一紅外線像素感測器,以回應紅外線放射及實質上未回 φ 應可見光放射;以及 ; 一第三綠像素感測器,以回應紅外線放射及實質上單該 可見光譜之綠部分,其中該第二綠、藍、第三綠及紅外線 像素感測器彼此鄰接,使該紅外線及綠像素感測器未和該 紅及第一綠像素感測器鄰接。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項之晶胞,其中該紅外線像素感
    O:\57\57526.ptc 第11頁 丄----_ 案號 881038β_ “、申請專利範圍 測器包含: 可見放 可見放 係實質 素電路 送至該 5 ·如 光器包 6 ·如 光器係 像素電 第一濾 射通過 第二濾 射通過 相對分 ’用以 像素電 申請專 含彩色 中請專 籍由光 種攝影 感測器 路; 光器, 光譜; 光器, 光譜, 離,其 實質避 路。 利範圍 濾光器 利範圍 刻方法 機,包 陣列, 含: 像素感 第二綠 近;實質回 綠,藍 如此使 一紅像素感測 測器,以及一 以及藍像素感 一紅外線像素 應、可見光放射 一苐三綠像素 ’第三綠,以 得該紅外線及
    〇:\57\57526.ptc 第12 實質透明於紅外線放射且具有一第一 以及 實質透明於紅外線放射且具有一第二 ΐ1ΐ第一及第二可見敌射通過光譜 Λ第及第一濾光為係近位於該像 免可見放射經由第一及第二濾光器傳 第4項之晶胞,其中該第一及第二 陣列材料。 : 第5項之晶胞,其中該第一及第二濾 配置近位於該像素電路。 含: 其包含一單元晶胞,該單元晶胞包 器’ 一第一緣像素感測器,一第二綠 監像素感測器,其中該紅,第一綠, 測器係回應紅外綠放射且係彼此相鄰 感’則為’用以回應紅外線放射且並不 ;以及 感i則器回應紅外線放射,其中該第二 ,紅=線像素感測器係彼此相鄰近, ^ 器並不與該紅及第一綠像
    申請專利範圍 素感測器相鄰近。 8· 一種影像系統,包含: 多數紅外線像素感測哭 像素感測器;α及多數紅像:數紅像素感測器,多數綠 而得,該單元晶胞包含:’、感測器藉由重覆-單元晶胞 一紅像素感測器,—當 、 像专咸;目丨I—乐一緣像素感測器,一笛 ί素感/1…及-監像素感測器,其中該紅,第第:綠 弟二綠以及藍像素感測器係回應紅外綠放射且f, 近; 丨尔攸此相鄰 一紅外線像素感測器,用以回應紅外線放射 實質回應可見光放射;以及 正、不 一第三綠像素感測器回應紅外線放射,其中該第二 綠’藍,第三綠,以及紅外線像素感測器係彼此相鄰近y 如此使得該紅外線及綠像素感測器並不與該紅及第一綠像 素感測器相鄰近;以及 一差分電路,其耦合至該多數紅外線,紅,綠以及 藍像素感測器藉由減去由多數红外線感測器提供之信號以 提供一影像信號。
    O:\57\57526.ptc 第13頁
TW088103845A 1998-03-13 1999-03-19 Infrared pixel sensor and infrared signal correction. TW482893B (en)

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US6211521B1 (en) 2001-04-03
KR20010072091A (ko) 2001-07-31
US6825470B1 (en) 2004-11-30

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