TW202016053A - Warehouse type decomposing fermentation method for organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

A warehouse type decomposing fermentation method for organic waste is disclosed. The method includes steps of: 1) mixing of raw materials: mixing main organic wastes with auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary material has the content of 10%-30% and the auxiliary material is any one or several of rice husk, straw, and sawdust; 2) warehouse fermentation: sending the above mixture to a warehouse fermentation system for warehouse fermentation, wherein process of the warehouse fermentation includes thermal energy catalysis and bacterial metabolism; 3) package: weighing, bagging, and bag feeding. The invention has the beneficial effects: wisdom, automatic, environmental protection, and biosafety. Harmless, deodorizing and environmental protection all meet national standards. High degree of automation meets the goal of the Agricultural 4.0 project specification. The invention utilizes a quick and harmless biological fermentation system and a warehouse-type ripening one-stop treatment solid waste sewage scheme. The invention also adopts an automatic multifunctional powder packaging line scheme. Both the harmless main engine and the warehouse-type ripening fermentation are treated in a closed process, and there are no problems such as waste water and waste gas residue.

Description

Organic waste warehouse type rot fermentation method

The invention belongs to the technical field of aerobic composting, in particular to a warehouse type rot fermentation method of organic waste.

Aerobic composting means that under aerobic conditions, aerobic bacteria absorb, oxidize, and decompose organic matter. Microorganisms oxidize a part of the absorbed organic matter into simple inorganic substances through their own life activities, and at the same time release the place for microbial growth activities. The energy required, and another part of the organic matter is synthesized into a new cytoplasm, so that the microorganisms continue to grow and reproduce, the process of producing more organisms. Along with the biodegradation of organic matter, a large amount of heat is produced. If not used, these heat will be directly discharged with the exhaust gas, which will cause a lot of waste.

The traditional treatment process is placed on the ground, flat, with a stacking height of 1-1.5 meters, requiring a large amount of floor space and workshop, and a huge investment. And it is a mechanical flip, the working efficiency is relatively low, and it will take 30-60 days to produce air pollution caused by odor. Nutrients will be lost along with the tossing process, which consumes time and electricity.

One of the purposes of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide an organic waste silo fermentation method. The fermentation process is simple and controllable, and it has a closed fermentation space to prevent nutrient volatilization and effectively improve the fermentation effect.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to achieve its purpose is: an organic waste silo type fermentation method, including steps: 1), raw material ingredients: the organic waste main material and auxiliary materials are mixed into the mixing device and mixed, and the content of the auxiliary materials 10%-30%, the auxiliary material is any one or several of rice husk, straw, wood chips, pour the microbial powder into the cultivation tank and add water to culture, control the cultivation temperature 30-35℃, spray the cultured bacteria To the ingredient mixing tank, the weight mixing ratio of microbial powder and water is 1:15～1:20, the liquid culture liquid in the culture tank is sprayed to the mixing device and the organic waste main material through the spray device Mix with the auxiliary materials to form a mixture material with a moisture content of 50% to 60%, and a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 20:1-30:1; 2), silo fermentation: the above mixture material is sent into a vertical through a closed conveyor Type closed fermenter, from the feed port at the upper end of the fermenter to the first fermentation platform of the fermenter, scrape the mixture through the scraping device, after 3-24 hours of fermentation, according to the set program, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controls the linkage device to open the uppermost fermentation platform, and the mixed material falls to the second layer of fermentation platform; after the mixed material is dropped, the uppermost fermentation platform is closed, and the mixed material that enters the fermentation tank continues to fall to the uppermost layer The fermentation platform fermented, and the mixture was fermented on the second layer fermentation platform for 3-24 hours. According to the set program, the PLC controlled the linkage device to open the second layer fermentation platform. The mixture on the second layer fermentation platform continued to fall to the Three-layer fermentation platform; after completion, the second-layer fermentation platform is closed, and the mixture after the fermentation of the uppermost fermentation platform is dropped to the second-layer fermentation platform for fermentation, and the mixture is carried out on each layer of fermentation platform. Fermentation within a specified time, the material after fermentation falls from the discharge port at the bottom of the fermentation tank to the discharge device, the entire warehouse fermentation time is 3-15 days, the moisture of the material after fermentation is less than 30%, 3), packaging ; It is transported from the discharging device to the packaging equipment for weighing, bag-falling, and pressure-packaging.

Preferably, the fermentation process is completed under heat preservation and the temperature is controlled from 55°C to 80°C.

Preferably, during the fermentation process of each layer of fermentation platform, the tossing mechanism that moves back and forth in the fermentor toss the mixture to stir the mixture evenly.

Preferably, at the same time of fermentation, the oxygen supply blast system, the hot air system and the purification system work at the same time. The oxygen supply blast system supplies the required oxygen to the microorganisms in the fermentation process, and at the same time, the process of blowing the air blows off the water; the hot air device will The gas blown to the fermentation tank in the oxygen supply blast system can be heated to heat the materials; the purification system pumps away water, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and collects and treats them uniformly.

Preferably, the heating method of the hot air device may be any one of electricity, natural gas, coal, and steam.

Preferably, the fermentation time of the mixture on each fermentation platform is 5-15 hours.

Preferably, the fermentation time of the mixture in the fermenter is 5-11 days.

The invention has the beneficial effects: the harmless mainframe and the silo-type ripening fermentation adopt closed treatment, and there are no problems such as waste water, waste gas and waste residue, and the closed space will not let the nutrients run away and the odor will not be emitted. Compared with the traditional planar fermentation method, the vertical fermentation system of the present invention can save more than 80% of space and greatly save land and building costs. The closed fermentation space, from top to bottom, can be designed in different shapes according to the material conditions. Each layer has a blowing, oxygen supply and waste absorption system, which effectively improves the fermentation effect. The gravity of the mixture is used to feed down, which saves more electricity.

It can be applied to organic wastes of different formulas, and different culture liquids can be prepared in the culture tank according to different organic wastes.

In addition, the heat energy of 60-70℃ produced by microbial fermentation can be recycled, and the water absorbed by the purification system can also be recycled.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

With reference to Figures 1 to 6, an organic waste silo type fermentation equipment includes a mixing device 10, a bacteria cultivation tank 11, a discharge device 6 and a closed fermentation tank 1, a mixing device 10 and a bacteria cultivation tank 11 Set on one side of the fermentation tank 1, agricultural wastes and auxiliary materials are stirred and mixed in the mixing device 10, the bacteria cultivation tank 11 is connected to the mixing device 10, and microorganisms are cultured by adding water in the bacteria cultivation tank 11 and sprayed through the pipeline to The mixing device 10 is mixed with agricultural waste and auxiliary materials, stirred to form a mixed material, and then conveyed to the fermentation tank 1 through a closed conveying device 12. Factors such as the type and amount of microorganisms, the amount of added water, and fermentation time depend on the type of agricultural waste, particle size, etc. The discharge device 6 is provided below the fermentation tank 1, and the materials after the fermentation are dropped from the discharge port of the fermentation tank 1 to the discharge device 6 and transported to the bag for packaging.

The fermentation tank 1 is a vertical multi-layer structure with a feed port 5 at the top and a discharge port at the bottom. The conveying device 12 conveys the mixture in the mixing device 10 to the inside of the fermentor 1 through the feed port 5. There are several layers of fermentation platforms 3 above and below the fermentation tank 1, and the mixture material is fermented on each layer of fermentation platform 3 in order from top to bottom. The fermentation time H of each layer depends on the material, H can be 3-24 hours, preferably It is 5-15 hours.

The fermentation platform 3 is composed of a plurality of rotatable fermentation plates 31 arranged side by side. A rotation shaft 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom of each fermentation plate 31. When the rotation shaft 32 rotates, the correspondingly connected fermentation plate 31 is driven to rotate around the rotation shaft 32, so that The mixture material on the fermentation plate 31 falls to the fermentation platform 3 of the next layer.

The rotation of the fermentation plate 31 is realized by a linkage device provided on the side of the fermentation tank 1. Each layer of fermentation platform 3 is correspondingly provided with a linkage device. The linkage device includes a linkage rod 33, a connecting plate 34, and support seats 35 provided at both ends of the rotating shaft. Both ends of the rotating shaft 32 are supported by the support seat 35. The support bases 35 at both ends of the rotating shaft 32 are respectively fixed on the two outer side walls of the fermentation tank 1. The number of the connecting plates 34 is consistent with the rotating shaft 32 and corresponds to the rotating shaft 32 one by one. One end of the connecting plate 34 is fixedly connected to one end of the corresponding rotating shaft 32 and the other end is movably coupled to the linkage rod 33. Therefore, in each linkage device, there is only one linkage rod 33, and the number of connecting plates 34 depends on the fermentation plate 31. When the linkage rod 33 moves, it will drive all the connecting plates 34 in a row to rotate together. The rotating shaft 32 rotates, which in turn drives the corresponding fermentation plate 31 to open. At this time, all the fermentation plates 31 on the fermentation platform 3 are opened, and the mixture after fermentation falls.

When the fermentation plate 31 of the fermentation platform 3 of a certain layer is turned open, the fermentation plates 31 of the upper and lower fermentation platforms 3 are both closed. Avoid the material directly skipping a certain layer of fermentation platform 3, because the material needs to stay and ferment on each layer of fermentation platform 3.

A tossing mechanism 4 is provided between the fermentation platform 3 and the fermentation platform 3. During the process of the mixed material falling from the upper layer of the fermentation platform 3 to the next layer of the fermentation platform 3, the tossing mechanism 4 breaks up and stirs the mixed material, making the mixing more Evenly. At the same time, the mixture material needs to remove water to reduce the water content. The stirring process can accelerate the evaporation of water, because the fermentation process will generate heat, which achieves the effects of ventilation, oxygen supply and water vapor. The turning mechanism 4 includes a stirring shaft 41 and a stirring blade 42. The stirring blade 42 protrudes from the surface of the stirring shaft 41, and the stirring blade 42 is arranged in a spiral shape. Rails 14 are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1, and both ends of the stirring shaft 41 are on the rails 14 on both sides. The stirring shaft 41 moves back and forth along the rail 14 under the drive of a motor (not shown). When the agitating blade 42 is arranged in a spiral shape, during the movement of the agitating shaft 41, the agitating blade 42 will generate a reaction force when it touches the mixture. Since the agitating blade 42 is arranged in a spiral shape, it will be sequentially stressed, so it will drive the agitating shaft The 41 rotates, so the stirring shaft 41 can be rotated without additional power. During the falling of the mixture material, each stirring blade 42 sequentially hits the vertically falling material and is subjected to a force. With less power, the stirring shaft 41 can rotate. If the stirring blades 42 are arranged in a straight line, the stirring shaft 41 cannot rotate by itself during the back-and-forth movement of the flipping mechanism 4. Between the two fermentation platforms 3, a plurality of flipping mechanisms 4 can be provided, and the multiple flipping mechanisms 4 are arranged up and down, and the bottom flipping mechanism 4 is used to stir and turn the mixture material fermented on the fermentation platform 3 Tossing, while the other turning mechanism 4 is used to break up and stir the mixture in the process of falling, which improves the effect of ventilation, oxygen supply, and water vapor.

The entire warehouse type rot fermentation equipment also includes an oxygen supply blast system that can provide oxygen, and the oxygen supply blast system can be connected to the tossing mechanism 4, the stirring shaft 41 and the stirring blade 42 are hollow structures, and the stirring blade 42 With a perforation that is permeable to oxygen. Oxygen is directly blown out through the perforation, and the purpose of blowing oxygen into the fermentation tank 1 is to provide oxygen required for microbial fermentation, and the process of blowing can evaporate water, and the flipping mechanism 4 is directly in contact with the mixture, and The material is the most dispersed in the falling process. At this time, the best results can be achieved by oxygen supply and blowing. Oxygen is fully in contact with microorganisms, and water vapor is also easier to evaporate. In addition, the fermentation process will generate heat, the temperature can reach 55 ℃ -80 ℃, this temperature will also evaporate water. There is a hot air device in the oxygen supply blast system. The hot air device heats the gas blown to the fermentation tank in the oxygen supply blast system, and then can heat the materials. The heating method can be various options such as electricity, natural gas, coal, steam and so on.

A support device 9 is also provided inside the fermentation tank 1, and both ends of the support device 9 are provided on the inner walls of both sides of the fermentation tank 1 for supporting and strengthening the fermentation tank 1. The two ends of the tossing mechanism 4 can also be installed on the inner walls on both sides of the fermentation tank 1, at this time the tossing mechanism 4 also plays the same role as the supporting device. Similarly, the supporting device 9 can also be set into an internal hollow structure, and then connected to the oxygen supply blast system to supply oxygen to the fermentation tank 1 for blowing. The inner layer of the four walls of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with thermal insulation material, which has good thermal insulation effect and can be applied to cold climate regions to make the equipment operate normally.

The side of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a purification system 8, the purification system 8 communicates with the interior of the fermentation tank 1 through an exhaust duct 7, and water vapor, and harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are drawn into the purification system 8 through the exhaust duct 7 and unified It is discharged after treatment, and can be recycled after the water vapor is condensed. For example, water needs to be added when cultivating microorganisms in the culture tank 11. Between the adjacent fermentation platforms 3 on both sides, there is an exhaust duct connected to the purification system 8.

A scraper device 2 is provided on the upper side of the uppermost fermentation platform 3, and the scraper device 2 includes a roller, a belt, and at least one scraper plate. The roller is provided at both ends inside the fermentation tank 1, the belt is sleeved on the roller, and the scraper plate is installed On the belt and protruding outward from the surface of the belt, the roller drives the belt to move and drives the scraper to move, and the scraper scrapes the mixture on the uppermost fermentation platform evenly during the movement. Preferably, the scraper has multiple pieces and is evenly mounted on the belt. Since the mixture material enters the fermentation tank 1 from the feed port 5 and falls into the uppermost fermentation platform 3, it is only necessary to provide a scraping device 2 on the upper side of the uppermost fermentation platform 3. In order to achieve a good scraping effect, the distance between the two rollers should be greater than or equal to the length of the fermentation platform 3 to ensure that the materials on the entire fermentation platform 3 can be scraped evenly.

The fermentation tank 1 is also provided with a cleaning port. The cleaning port is provided at the end of the fermentation tank 1, and each layer of the fermentation platform 3 is correspondingly provided with a cleaning port. The cleaning port is used for internal maintenance of the equipment or can be opened in an emergency.

Of course, the entire fermentation equipment is controlled by a PLC, including the transportation of materials, stirring, scraping, spraying of culture liquid, the opening and closing of the fermentation platform 3, and the purification system 8 and oxygen supply blast system.

The scope of organic waste includes: 1, livestock and poultry breeding water, urine, animal carcasses, etc. 2. Straw, flue-cured tobacco residue, melon and fruit vine, edible fungus residue, etc. 3. Peel, flowers, vegetable residue, meat residue, fish residue, etc. 4. Food processing waste, expired food, slaughterhouse sludge, sludge, wine residue, etc. 5. Chinese medicine residues, branches and leaves of medicinal materials. 6. Kitchen waste swill, domestic sludge, deciduous branches, aquatic plants, etc. 7. Other organic waste.

The auxiliary materials are generally carbon-containing organic materials.

The whole fermentation process is as follows: the organic waste and auxiliary materials to be treated are mixed and stirred in the mixing device 10 first. The microorganisms in the dormant state are stirred by adding water in the culturing tank to start the microorganisms. The mixing ratio of the weight of the microorganism powder and water is 1:15 to 1:20, and this embodiment is 1:18. After being evenly mixed, spray into the mixing device 10 through the pipeline and spraying device to mix and stir with the organic waste and auxiliary materials. Mix and stir to form a mixture, and control the moisture content of the mixture to be 50% to 60%. For example, 55%. The mixed material is sent to the fermentation tank 1 through the closed conveying device 12, and enters the fermentation platform 3 falling to the uppermost layer from the feed port 5, the scraping device 2 is started, the mixed material is scraped evenly by the scraper, and the heat preservation fermentation is 11 hours later According to the set program, the PLC controls the uppermost fermentation platform 3 to open, and the mixture falls to the second fermentation platform 3. After the falling of the mixture material is completed, the uppermost fermentation platform 3 is closed, and the mixture material entering the fermentation tank 1 continues to fall to the uppermost fermentation platform 3.

After the mixture is fermented on the second layer fermentation platform 3 for 11 hours, according to the set program, the PLC controls the linkage device to open the second layer fermentation platform 3, and the mixture on the second layer fermentation platform 3 continues to fall to the third layer fermentation Platform 3; after completion, the second layer fermentation platform 3 is closed, and the mixture after the fermentation of the uppermost layer fermentation platform 3 is dropped to the second layer fermentation platform 3 for fermentation. In this loop, the mixture material is fermented on each layer of fermentation platform 3 for a prescribed time. The fermentation time of the entire fermentation tank 1 is 11 days, and the temperature is controlled between 60-70°C. During the fermentation, the oxygen supply blast system, the hot air system and the purification system 8 work at the same time. The microorganisms provide the required oxygen, and at the same time, the water is blown off during the blowing process; the hot air device heats the gas blown to the fermentation tank 1 in the oxygen supply blast system, which can then heat the materials; the purification system 8 pumps the water, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide Take unified collection and processing. The heating method of the hot air device is steam heating. After the fermentation is completed, the material falls from the discharge port at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 to the discharge device 6 and is transported away for bagging and packaging.

It should be noted that in this article, the terms "include", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, It also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or include elements inherent to such processes, methods, objects, or equipment.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, and replacements can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. Variations, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

1: fermentation tank 2: scraper device 3: fermentation platform 31: fermentation plate 32: rotating shaft 33: linkage rod 34: connecting plate 35: support base 4: turning mechanism 41: stirring shaft 42: stirring blade 5: feed inlet 6: Discharging device 7: Exhaust duct 8: Purification system 9: Support device 10: Mixing device 11: Culture tank 12: Conveying device 14: Rail

1 is a schematic structural view of a warehouse type rot fermentation equipment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of a fermentation tank of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a structural schematic view of the fermentation platform of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a structural schematic view of the linkage device of the present invention; 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fermentation board; and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flipping mechanism between the fermentation platforms.

1: fermentation tank

2: scraping device

3: fermentation platform

4: Turning mechanism

5: feed port

6: discharging device

7: exhaust duct

8: purification system

Claims (7)

An organic waste warehouse type rot fermentation method, including steps: 1), raw material ingredients: the organic waste main material and auxiliary materials are put into the mixing device for mixing and stirring, wherein the content of auxiliary materials is 10%-30%, and the auxiliary materials are rice husks , Any one or several of straw, sawdust, pour the microbial powder into the cultivation tank and add water to culture, control the cultivation temperature of 30-35 ℃, spray the cultured bacterial solution into the mixing tank of the ingredients, the microbial powder and water The weight mixing ratio is 1:15～1:20, the liquid culture liquid in the culture tank is sprayed into the mixing device through the spraying device and mixed with the organic waste main material and auxiliary materials to form a water content of 50 %～60% of the mixture material, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is 20:1-30:1; 2), warehouse fermentation: The above mixture material is sent to the vertical closed fermentation tank through the closed conveying device, from the upper end of the fermentation tank The feed inlet falls into the first fermentation platform of the fermentation tank, and the mixture is scraped off by the scraping device. After 3-24 hours of fermentation, according to the set program, a PLC controls the linkage device to open the uppermost fermentation platform. The mixture material falls to the second layer fermentation platform; after the mixture material falls, the uppermost fermentation platform is closed, and the mixture material entering the fermentation tank continues to fall to the uppermost fermentation platform for fermentation, while the mixture material is fermented on the second layer fermentation platform 3- After 24 hours, according to the set program, the PLC controls the linkage device to open the second layer of fermentation platform, the mixture on the second layer of fermentation platform continues to fall to the third layer of fermentation platform; After the fermentation of the upper layer fermentation platform is completed, the mixed material falls to the second layer of fermentation platform for fermentation. In this cycle, the mixed material is fermented on each layer of the fermentation platform for a prescribed time. The feed port falls on the discharge device, the entire silo fermentation time is 3-15 days, the moisture of the material after fermentation is less than 30%, and 3), packaging: transported from the discharge device to the packaging equipment for weighing and bag dropping 3. Package delivery. The organic waste silo fermentation method as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the fermentation process is completed under heat preservation, and the control temperature is 55°C-80°C. The organic waste silo fermentation method as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, in which during the fermentation of each layer of fermentation platform, a tossing mechanism that moves back and forth in the fermentation tank to toss the mixture, will The mixture is stirred well. The organic waste silo fermentation method as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein during fermentation, an oxygen supply blast system, a hot air system and a purification system work simultaneously, and the oxygen supply blast system The microorganisms in the process provide the needed oxygen, and at the same time, the process of blowing blows off the water; the hot air device heats the gas blown to the fermentation tank in the oxygen supply blast system, which can then heat the materials; the purification system will heat the water, ammonia and Hydrogen sulfide is pumped out and collected and processed uniformly. The organic waste silo rot fermentation method as described in item 4 of the patent application scope, wherein the heating method of the hot air device can be any one of electricity, natural gas, coal and steam. The organic waste silo fermentation method as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the fermentation time of the mixed material on each layer of fermentation platform is 5-15 hours. The organic waste silo fermentation method as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the fermentation time of the mixture in the fermentation tank is 5-11 days.

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