TW201525268A - Semi-automatic open-cut tunnel roof inclination angle changing and energy dissipation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A semi-automatic open-cut tunnel roof inclination angle changing and energy dissipation structure comprises a base plate; a number of support rods, each of the support rods being fixed on one side of the base plate upper surface; a roof, wherein a separate first support block is securely disposed at one side of the roof undersurface in correspondence to each of the support rods, and a separate second support block is securely disposed at the other side of the roof undersurface that is symmetric with respect to each of the first support blocks. A first damper is pivotally disposed between each of the support rods and each of the first support blocks, respectively; and a support base having a top face is provided with a support frame respectively disposed in correspondence to each of the second support blocks; a second damper is pivotally disposed between each of the second support blocks and each of the support frames, respectively. The bottom surface of the support base is disposed on the other side of the base plate upper surface; whereby, when the upper surface of the roof is subjected to massive rock-fall impact, the first and second dampers may dissipate the rock-fall impact energy.

Description

Semi-automatic tunnel top plate tilt angle transformation and energy dissipation structure

The invention belongs to the technical field of a tunnel, in particular to a technically provided semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle transformation and energy dissipation structure. When a large-scale falling rock falls and hits the roof, the damper can consume the falling rock impact in the first time. The energy greatly reduces the risk of instantaneous damage to the roof and beam-column systems of the Ming tunnel.

Taiwan is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate and the Philippine plate. It is located at the edge of the plate-making movement. Therefore, the natural environment is characterized by steep terrain, geological fragmentation, and haircuts. Rockfall disasters often occur after typhoons, earthquakes or heavy rains. Such as the northern coastal road, the central cross-road, the southern cross-road, the eastern Suhua Highway, or the planned Suhua replacement road, most of which often cross steep slopes, rocky banks or coasts, so effective Tunnel engineering design is a top priority.

Because rockfall is affected by geological and topographic conditions, its scale and motion behavior are complex and difficult to predict, so there are few clear specifications for tunnel design at home and abroad. At present, the tunnel 80 is more than the top plate 81. The angle of the roof plate 81 can only be estimated based on the angle of repose of the cliff cone or the empirical formula. As a result, the roof of the tunnel can not be withstood when the large-scale rock falls. The large impact of large-scale rockfall impacts often results in damage to the 80 tunnel structure (as shown in Figure 5) and even serious casualties. In particular, each of the damaged tunnels may cause long-term road interruptions during maintenance, and the pressure and danger of the construction workers may be greatly improved. Therefore, domestic and foreign engineers and scholars use field model tests, theoretical formulas and empirical estimation methods to evaluate the impact force and failure behavior of the rockfall impact tunnel, which is the basis of the Ming tunnel design. For example, in 2007, Delhomme et al. simulated a single rockfall with the Mass-Spring system by the finite element method and struck the top of the tunnel, and discussed the energy changes and energy dissipation during the impact process. Rambaud, Timsah, Daudeville and Mazars (2003), Delhomme, Mommessin, Mougin and Perrotin (2005), also used on-site tunnel model and numerical simulation to explore the impact of rockfall impact and its energy changes on the roof of the tunnel, and proposed related tunnels. Design recommendations. However, the geological conditions in Taiwan are extremely complicated. It is very difficult to simply design the tunnel structure by model test or simulation. Especially at this stage, many existing tunnels are often hit by falling rocks. Large-scale damage (such as the recent Zhongheng Malingming Tunnel, the Shuming Highway near the Jiuqu Cave, the Suhua Highway, the Renqing Tunnel, etc.), so it is necessary to construct a variable tunnel design in response to geological and topographical conditions. Improve the safety of passers-by.

In recent years, the newly constructed structural dissipating rock-shed in Japan has added flexible steel columns between the plates to reduce the contact stiffness between the top and the falling rocks, thereby slowing down the impact of falling rocks and directly causing the roof. damage. The design concept can be used as a reference for the design of high-rise mountain tunnels in China. However, the structural roof and related energy-dissipating components cannot be adjusted according to different topography and geological conditions. Therefore, if it is to be applied to the mountainous areas of Taiwan, its structural system must be further improved.

Therefore, in view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned Ximingming tunnel, how to develop an innovative product with more ideal and practicality, the consumers are eagerly awaiting, and the relevant industry must strive to develop the goal and direction of breakthrough.

In view of this, the inventor has been engaged in the manufacturing development and design experience of related products for many years. After detailed design and careful evaluation, the inventor has finally obtained the practical invention.

According to the fact that Taiwan's geological conditions are extremely complicated, it is very difficult to simply design the tunnel structure by model test or simulation. Especially at this stage, many existing tunnels are often damaged by rockfall and large-scale damage. Therefore, it is necessary to construct changes according to geological and topographic conditions. The tunnel design can improve the safety of passers-by. In recent years, the newly constructed structural dissipating rock-shed in Japan has added flexible steel columns between the columns to reduce the roof and rockfall. The contact stiffness, and thus the impact of the falling rock fall, directly causes the roof to be damaged. However, the structural roof and related energy-dissipating components cannot be adjusted according to different topography and geological conditions. Therefore, if it is to be applied to the mountainous areas of Taiwan, the structural system must be further improved.

In order to improve the above problems, the present invention provides a semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure, comprising: a bottom plate; a plurality of support rods, each of which is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the bottom plate; a top plate, A first support block is respectively fixed on a side of the lower surface of the top plate, and a second support block is respectively fixed on the other side of the lower surface of each of the top plates, and each of the support bars and each of the support bars A first damper is respectively disposed between the first support blocks; a support base, and a support frame is respectively disposed on the top surface of the support base corresponding to each of the second support blocks, and each of the second support blocks A second damper is respectively disposed between the support block and each of the support frames, and the bottom surface of the support base is disposed on the other side of the upper surface of the bottom plate.

Thereby, when the surface of the top plate is subjected to a large-scale falling rock impact, each of the first and second dampers can consume the falling rock impact energy for the first time.

In the foregoing, a third damper is respectively disposed between each of the support rods and the lower surface of the top plate, and a fourth damper is respectively disposed between the support frame and the lower surface of the top plate, so as to effectively increase the impact energy of the falling rock.

In the foregoing, each of the first damper, each of the second dampers, each of the third dampers, and each of the fourth dampers are respectively provided with a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) for recording the Vertical displacement of the top plate.

The semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure of the invention, when the large-scale falling rock falls and hits the top plate, the damper can consume the falling rock impact energy in the first time, and the instantaneous damage of the roof and the beam-column system in the tunnel is greatly slowed down. The danger of using LVDT to record the vertical displacement of the roof of the tunnel. When large-scale potential rockfall is found above the Ming tunnel, it can be based on parameters such as the size of the caving, the distance of the fall, the slope of the moving terrain, and the bearing capacity of the roof of the tunnel. Simulate or evaluate the angle of the roof of the tunnel and the type of damper, thereby selecting or changing the appropriate roof angle and damper type to increase the service life of the tunneling facilities and improve the efficiency of the roadway protection.

The above-mentioned objects, structures and features of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. .

[study]

80‧‧‧Ming Tunnel

81‧‧‧ top board

〔this invention〕

10‧‧‧floor

20‧‧‧Support rod

21‧‧‧First damper

22‧‧‧ third damper

30‧‧‧ top board

31‧‧‧First support block

32‧‧‧second support block

50‧‧‧ support

51‧‧‧Support frame

52‧‧‧Second damper

53‧‧‧fourth damper

61‧‧‧Linear change differential transformer

62‧‧‧ strain gauge

71‧‧‧ jack

72‧‧‧ bottom block

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side view of an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of the jack lifting top plate of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the stacking of the bottom blocks of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the impact damage of the tunnel.

Referring to Figures 1 to 2, the present invention provides a semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure, comprising: a bottom plate 10; a plurality of support rods 20, each of which is fixed to the bottom plate A top surface 30; a top plate 30, a first support block 31 is fixed to each of the support rods 20 on the lower surface side of the top plate 30, and the first support block 31 is symmetrically disposed on the other side of the lower surface of each of the top plates 30. A second support block 32 is respectively disposed, and a first damper 21 is respectively disposed between each of the support rods 20 and each of the first support blocks 31.

a support frame 50, a support frame 51 is disposed on each of the second support blocks 32, and a second damper 52 is respectively disposed between each of the second support blocks 32 and each of the support frames 51. The bottom surface of the support base 50 is disposed on the other side of the upper surface of the bottom plate 10.

Thereby, when the upper surface of the top plate 30 is subjected to a large-scale falling rock impact, each of the first and second dampers 21, 52 can consume the falling rock impact energy for the first time.

In the foregoing, a third damper 22 is respectively disposed between each of the support rods 20 and the lower surface of the top plate 30, and a fourth damper 53 is respectively disposed between the support frame 51 and the lower surface of the top plate 30, thereby effectively improving Consuming rockfall impact energy.

In the foregoing, each of the first damper 21, each of the second dampers 52, each of the third dampers 22, and each of the fourth dampers 53 is respectively provided with a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) 61. For recording the vertical displacement of the top plate 30.

In the foregoing, a plurality of strain gauges 62 are respectively disposed on the side surface of the top plate 30 and the side surface of the bottom plate 10 for understanding the deformation of the top plate 30 and the bottom plate 10.

In the foregoing, when the earth and stone on the top plate 30 accumulates too much and the displacement is close to the threshold value, the tilting angle of the top plate 30 can be raised by the jacking method, and the embodiment is as follows: 1. first lift the top plate 30 with a plurality of jacks 71 Angle (as shown in Figure 3). 2. At least one bottom block 72 (as shown in FIG. 4) is stacked on the bottom surface of the support base 50 and the other side of the upper surface of the bottom plate 10, thereby transferring the bearing capacity of the jack 71. 3. The jack 71 is removed again to achieve the purpose of changing the tilt angle of the top plate 30.

As described above, the inclination angle of the top plate 30 can be adjusted by the number of stacking of the bottom blocks 72.

The tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure of the semi-automatic tunnel of the semi-automatic tunnel of the present invention, when the large-scale falling rock falls and hits the top plate 30, the higher the inclination of the top plate 30, the more energy Reducing the huge impact force of the falling rock greatly reduces the risk of instantaneous damage to the roof plate 30 and the beam-column system in the tunnel.

The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art can change and modify the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes and modifications shall be covered in the scope defined by the following patent application.

10‧‧‧floor

20‧‧‧Support rod

21‧‧‧First damper

30‧‧‧ top board

31‧‧‧First support block

32‧‧‧second support block

50‧‧‧ support

51‧‧‧Support frame

52‧‧‧Second damper

53‧‧‧fourth damper

62‧‧‧ strain gauge

Claims (6)

The invention relates to a semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle transformation and energy dissipation structure, which comprises: a bottom plate; a plurality of support rods, each of which is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the bottom plate; and a top plate, the lower surface of the top plate corresponds to one side Each of the support rods is respectively fixed with a first support block, and the other support side of each of the lower surface of the top plate is symmetrically fixed with a second support block, and each of the support rods and each of the first support blocks respectively a first damper is pivoted; and a support base is disposed on the top surface of the support base, and a support frame is respectively disposed on each of the second support blocks, and a second damping is respectively disposed between each of the second support blocks and each of the support frames The bottom surface of the support base is disposed on the other side of the upper surface of the bottom plate; thereby, when the surface of the top plate is subjected to a large-scale falling rock impact, each of the first and second dampers can consume the falling rock impact energy for the first time. The semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein a third damper is respectively disposed between each of the support rods and the lower surface of the top plate, and the support frame and the top plate are respectively A fourth damper is respectively disposed between the lower surfaces to effectively increase the impact energy of the falling rock. The semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the first damper and each of the second dampers is respectively provided with a linear change differential transformer for recording the Vertical displacement of the top plate. The semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure according to claim 2, wherein each of the third dampers and each of the fourth dampers A linearly varying differential transformer is respectively arranged to record the vertical displacement of the top plate. The semi-automatic tunnel top tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of strain gauges are respectively disposed on the side of the top panel and the side of the bottom panel to understand the deformation of the top panel and the bottom panel. The tilt angle conversion and energy dissipation structure of the semi-automatic tunnel of the semi-automatic tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the top plate may be overlapped by at least one bottom block between the bottom surface of the support base and the other side of the upper surface of the bottom plate. Adjustment.