TW201446428A - Abrasive tools and methods of forming the same - Google Patents

Abstract

An abrasive tool is provided that may include a body, which may include abrasive particles contained within a bond material. The abrasive particles may be a super abrasive material. The body may further include at least one of a break-in length of not greater than about 1000 linear meters, a maximum initial speed character of at least about 10 m/min, a life span of at least about 1000 linear meters, a dressing frequency of at least about 25 parts/dress, an edge quality of at least about 25% of a workpiece free from defects and a combination thereof.

Description

Grinding tool and forming method thereof

The following is directed to an abrasive tool, and more particularly to an abrasive tool comprising abrasive particles and a bonding material.

Abrasives for use in machining applications typically include bonded abrasive articles and coated abrasive articles. The coated abrasive article is typically a layered article having a substrate and an adhesive coating to secure the abrasive particles to the substrate, the most common example of which is sandpaper. The bonded abrasive article consists of a hard, usually monolithic, three-dimensional abrasive composite in the form of a grinding wheel, disc, bow, fixed point, fine grindstone and other articles that can be placed in equipment such as wheel grinding, polishing or cutting. And other mechanical processing equipment. Certain bonded abrasive articles are particularly useful for grinding, shaping or cutting certain types of workpieces, including, for example, glass materials.

Accordingly, the industry continues to demand improved bonded abrasive articles and methods of their use.

According to a first aspect, an abrasive tool can include a main A body, which may include abrasive particles contained in a bonding material. The abrasive particles can be a superabrasive material. The body can also include an active binding agent contained in the bonding material. The active binder can be a titanium-containing composition. The body may further comprise at least one of: a ratio of tungsten to cast iron [W/CI] of no more than about 1, a copper-containing composition of no more than about 1 to cast iron [CCC/CI] Ratio, ratio of titanium-containing composition of not more than about 1 to cast iron [TiCC/CI], ratio of tungsten carbide to cast iron [WC/CI] of not more than about 1, tungsten carbide of not more than about 1 The ratio of the copper composition [WC/CCC], the copper-containing composition of not more than about 1.5, and the ratio of the titanium-containing composition to cast iron [(CCC+TiC)/CI] and combinations thereof.

According to another aspect, an abrasive tool can include a body that can include abrasive particles contained in a bonding material. The abrasive particles can be a superabrasive material. The body may also include a high material ablation rate characteristic selected from the group consisting of: an adaptation length of no more than about 1000 linear meters of a workpiece, a maximum initial velocity characteristic of at least about 10 m/min, The life of at least one workpiece is about 1000 linear meters, a repair frequency of at least about 25 pieces/dress/dress, an edge quality of at least about 25%, or a combination thereof.

According to another aspect, a method for forming an abrasive tool for grinding glass can include providing a mixture that can include a bonding material, abrasive particles, and an active bonding agent. The abrasive particles can be a superabrasive material. The active binder can be a titanium-containing composition. The mixture may further comprise at least one of: a ratio of tungsten to cast iron [W/CI] of no more than about 1, a copper-containing composition of no more than about 1 to cast iron [CCC/CI] The ratio of the titanium-containing composition of not more than about 1 to the ratio of cast iron [TiCC/CI], the ratio of tungsten carbide to cast iron [WC/CI] of not more than about 1, and the pair of tungsten carbide of not more than about 1. The ratio of the copper-containing composition [WC/CCC], the copper-containing composition of not more than about 1.5, and the ratio of the titanium-containing composition to cast iron [(CCC+TiC)/CI], and combinations thereof. The method can further include forming the mixture into the abrasive tool.

101, 102‧ ‧ steps

The invention will be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

Figure 1 includes a flow chart showing a method of forming an abrasive tool in accordance with one embodiment.

The use of the same reference symbols in different figures indicates similar or identical items.

Various abrasive tools and techniques that can be used for high speed grinding are disclosed herein, including, for example, high speed grinding of various workpieces such as ceramics and glass. In particular, abrasive tools can be used for high speed grinding of automotive glass, and have proven to have better performance, longevity and efficiency compared to conventional abrasive tools. The abrasive tool can include abrasive particles in the bonding material.

In more detail, embodiments of the abrasive tool described herein can include abrasive particles in a bonding material. The bonding material can include a metal bonding material, an active bonding agent, a filler, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the metal bond material can be a copper-containing composition. The copper-containing composition can be defined as any material A material, an alloy, a chemical composition or an elemental compound comprising a copper component. The active binder can be a titanium-containing composition. The titanium-containing composition can be defined as any material, alloy, chemical composition or elemental compound including a titanium component. The filler may comprise cast iron.

Figure 1 includes a flow chart showing a method of forming an abrasive tool in accordance with one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, process 100 can be initiated by providing a mixture comprising abrasive particles and untreated bonding material in step 101. The untreated bonding material may include a raw metal bonding material, an untreated active bonding agent, an untreated filler, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the untreated metal bond material can be a copper-containing composition. The untreated active binding agent can be a titanium-containing composition. Untreated fillers may include cast iron. The untreated materials cited herein are referenced to the starting materials which do not necessarily undergo chemical or physical changes during processing. However, it will be understood that certain untreated components may undergo chemical or physical changes during the formation of the abrasive tool.

The untreated bonding material may be present in the form of a combined powder. The untreated binding particles in the combined powder may have an average diameter of, for example, no greater than 40 microns or even 30 microns or less.

The abrasive particles can include an inorganic material such as a naturally occurring material such as a mineral or a synthetically produced composition. Some suitable inorganic materials may include oxides, carbides, nitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, diamonds, other natural minerals, or combinations thereof. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the abrasive particles can be cubic boron nitride, fused alumina, sintered alumina, tantalum carbide, or mixtures thereof.

The abrasive particles in the embodiments herein may include a coating that may aid in the formation and performance of the abrasive tool. In certain embodiments, the coating can be a metallic coating such as nickel. According to other embodiments, the coating may be iron oxide, decane, such as gamma-aminopropyltriethoxydecane, or even cerium oxide.

According to certain embodiments, the coating of abrasive particles can have a particular thickness. For example, the abrasive particle coating can have an average thickness of at least about 1.25 microns, such as at least about 1.5 microns, at least about 1.75 microns, at least about 2.0 microns, at least about 2.25 microns, at least about 2.5 microns, or at least about 3.0 microns. The average thickness may also be limited to, for example, no more than about 8.0 microns, no more than about 7.5 microns, no more than 7.0 microns, no more than 6.5 microns, no more than 6.0 microns, no more than 5.5 microns, no more than 5.0 microns, no more than 4.5 microns. Or no more than 4.0 microns. It should be understood that the average thickness of the coating can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, a coating of abrasive particles can be formed over a particular portion of the outer surface of the abrasive particles. For example, the coating can cover at least about 50% of the outer surface area of the abrasive particles, such as at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, even at least about 95%, or even substantially abrasive particles. The entire outer surface. In other non-limiting embodiments, the coating can cover no more than about 99% of the outer surface area of the abrasive particles, for example, no greater than about 95%, no greater than about 90%, no greater than about 80%, no greater than about 70. % or even no more than about 60% of the outer surface area of the abrasive particles. It should be understood that the range of coating-coated abrasive particles can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

With regard to further reference to abrasive particles, the morphology of the abrasive particles can be described in terms of their aspect ratio, that is, the ratio between length and width dimensions. It should be understood that the length is the longest dimension of the abrasive particles and the width is the second longest dimension of the abrasive particles. According to embodiments herein, the abrasive particles can have an aspect ratio (length: width) of no more than about 2:1 or even no more than about 1.5:1. In a particular example, the abrasive particles can be substantially equiaxed such that they have an aspect ratio of about 1:1.

Referring again to FIG. 1, after a mixture is provided in step 101, the process can be continued by the step of mixing abrasive particles into the bonding material to form a bonded abrasive tool. The mixture comprising the abrasive particles and the untreated bonding material can form any desired three-dimensional shape of any desired size, for example, the mixture can be formed into a wheel shape, a disk shape, a segment, a grinding head, a honing and other article shapes, which can be Mounted into a processing device such as a grinding or polishing device.

In certain embodiments, the mixture can be formed into a bonded abrasive tool using hot pressing. The hot press mixture can be carried out at a temperature of at least about 750 ° C, for example, at least about 800 ° C, at least about 850 ° C, at least about 900 ° C, at least about 950 ° C, or even at least about 990 ° C. In other embodiments, the hot press mixture can be no greater than about 1000 ° C, no greater than about 950 ° C, no greater than about 900 ° C, no greater than about 850 ° C, no greater than about 800 ° C, no greater than about 750 ° C, or even no greater than It is carried out at a temperature of about 710 °C. It should be understood that the hot press mixture can be carried out at any temperature within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, the hot press mixture can be carried out at a pressure of at least about 0.5 ton / in2, such as at least about 1.0 ton / in ² , at least about 1.5 ton / in ² , at least about 2.0 ton / in ² , at least about 2.5 ton. /in ² or even at least about 2.9 tons / in ² . In other embodiments, the hot press mixture may be no greater than about 3 tons/in ² , no greater than about 2.5 tons/in ² , no greater than about 2.0 tons/in ² , no greater than about 1.5 tons/in ² or even no greater than It is carried out at a pressure of about 2.0 tons/in ² . It should be understood that the hot press mixture can be carried out at any pressure within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the mixture can be formed into a bonded abrasive tool using cold pressing. The cold pressed mixture can be carried out at a temperature of at least about 750 ° C, such as at least about 800 ° C, at least about 850 ° C, at least about 900 ° C, at least about 950 ° C, or even at least about 990 ° C. In other embodiments, the cold-pressed mixture may be no greater than about 1000 ° C, no greater than about 950 ° C, no greater than about 900 ° C, no greater than about 850 ° C, greater, greater, no greater than about 800 ° C, no greater than about It is carried out at a temperature of 750 ° C or even no more than about 710 ° C. It should be understood that the cold pressed mixture can be carried out at any temperature within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, the cold-pressed mixture can be subjected to a pressure of at least about 5 tons/in2, such as at least about 10 tons/in ² , 20 tons/in ² , at least about 25 tons/in ² , at least about ton/in ² At least about ton/in ² , at least about 40 tons/in ² or even at least about 45 tons/in ² . In other embodiments, the cold-pressed mixture may be no greater than about 50 tons/in ² , no greater than about 45 tons/in ² , no greater than about 40 tons/in ² , no greater than about 35 tons/in ² , It is carried out at a pressure greater than about 30 tons/in ² or even no greater than about 25 tons/in ² . It should be understood that the cold pressed mixture can be carried out at any pressure within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In accordance with embodiments described herein, the formed abrasive article can have a body that has a particular function.

In particular with respect to the bonding material, according to certain embodiments, the bonding material may comprise a specific content of a copper-containing compound, which may comprise a material comprising a measurable copper content, in particular a copper-based material. For example, the copper-containing material may contain at least about 1% copper, such as at least about 10% copper by weight of the copper-containing material, at least about 20% copper, or even a majority of copper (ie, at least about 51%). . The copper-containing compound may be a metal such as a metal alloy, and more specifically, a copper-based metal alloy containing a majority of copper in comparison with any other metal element.

In one embodiment, the bonding material can include no more than about 50 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of the copper-containing compound, such as no greater than about 45 wt.%, no greater than about 35 wt.%, no greater than about 30 wt.%, no greater than about 25 wt.%, no more than about 20 wt.% or even no more than about 15 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of the copper-containing compound. In certain other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include at least about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of the copper-containing compound, such as at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 25 wt.%, at least A copper-containing compound of about 30 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, or even at least about 50 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. It should be understood that the level of copper-containing compound in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, the copper-containing compound may be elemental copper. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include a specific amount of Elemental copper. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 50 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of elemental copper, such as no more than about 45 wt.%, no more than about 35 wt.%, no more than about 30 wt.%, no more than about 25 wt.%, no. Elemental copper greater than about 20 wt.% or even no greater than about 15 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. In still other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include at least about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of elemental copper, for example, at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 25 wt.%, at least Elemental copper of about 30 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, or even at least about 50 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. It should be understood that the amount of elemental copper in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to a further embodiment, the copper-containing compound may be a pre-alloyed bronze. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include a specific amount of prealloyed bronze. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 50 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of pre-alloyed bronze, such as no greater than about 45 wt.%, no greater than about 35 wt.%, no greater than about 30 wt.%, no greater than about 25 wt.%, Pre-alloyed bronze of no more than about 20 wt.% or even no more than about 15 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. According to still other non-limiting embodiments, the body can comprise at least about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of prealloyed bronze, such as at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 25 wt.%, at least about 30 wt. %, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, or even at least about 50 wt.%. It should be understood that the amount of prealloyed bronze in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other specific embodiments, the prealloyed bronze may have a specific ratio of tin content (C _Sn ) to copper content (C _Cu ) (C _Sn /C _Cu ), wherein C _Sn represents tin in wt.% of total weight The content in bronze, and C _Cu represents the content of copper in bronze in wt.% of the total weight. In one example, the prealloyed bronze may have a C _Sn /C _Cu ratio of no greater than about 2.0, such as no greater than about 1.8, no greater than about 1.6, no greater than about 1.4, no greater than about 1.2, and no greater than about 1.0. Not more than about 0.8, not more than about 0.7, not more than about 0.65, not more than about 0.64, not more than about 0.63, not more than about 0.62, not more than about 0.61, not more than more than about 0.60, not more than about 0.59, not more than About 0.58 or more, no more than about 0.57, no more than about 0.56, no more than about 0.55, no more than about 0.54, no more than about 0.53, no more than about 0.52, no more than about 0.51, no more than about 0.50, no more than about 0.49, no. Greater than about 0.48, no greater than about 0.47, no greater than about 0.46, no greater than about 0.45, no greater than about 0.44, no greater than about 0.43, no greater than about 0.42, no greater than about 0.41, no greater than about 0.40, no greater than about 0.39. Not greater than about 0.38, no greater than about 0.37, no greater than about 0.36, no greater than greater than about 0.35, no greater than about 0.34, no greater than about 0.33, no greater than about 0.32, no greater than about 0.31, no greater than about 0.30, no greater than About 0.28, no more than about 0.26, no more than about 0 .24, no greater than about 0.22, no greater than about 0.20, no greater than about 0.15, or even no greater than about 0.12. According to another non-limiting embodiment, the prealloyed bronze may have a C _Sn /C _Cu ratio of, for example, at least about 0.15, at least about 0.20, at least about 0.22, at least about 0.24, at least about 0.26, at least about 0.28, at least About 030, at least about 0.31, at least about 0.32, at least about 0.33, at least about 0.34, at least about 0.35, at least about 0.36, at least about 0.37, at least about 0.38, at least about 0.39, at least about 0.40, at least about 0.41, at least about 0.42. At least about 0.43, at least about 0.44, at least about 0.45, at least about 0.46, at least about 0.47, at least about 0.48, at least about 0.49, at least about 0.50, at least about 0.51, at least about 0.52, at least about 0.53, at least about 0.54, at least About 0.55, at least about 0.56, at least about 0.57, at least about 0.58, at least about 0.59, at least about 0.60, at least about 0.65, at least about 0.70, at least about 0.80, or even at least about 1.0. It should be understood that the prealloyed bronze may have a C _Sn /C _Cu ratio in any range between any of the above minimum and maximum values. In a specific example, the prealloyed bronze may be, for example, in a weight ratio ranging from 60/40 to 40/60 copper/tin (eg, 50/50 in wt.%).

According to other particular embodiments, the prealloyed bronze may comprise a specific amount of copper. For example, the prealloyed bronze may comprise at least about 60 wt.% copper, such as at least about 65 wt.% copper, at least about 70 wt.% copper, at least about 75 wt.% copper, at least about 80 wt.% copper, At least about 85 wt.% copper, at least about 90 wt.% copper, or even at least about 95 wt.% total weight copper. According to other embodiments, the prealloyed bronze may comprise no more than about 99 wt.% of the total weight of prealloyed bronze, such as no more than about 95 wt.% copper, no more than about 90 wt.% copper, no more than about 85 wt.%. Copper, no more than about 80 wt.% copper, no more than about 75 wt.% copper, no more than about 70 wt.% copper, or even no more than 65 wt.% pre-alloyed bronze total copper. It should be understood that the copper content of the prealloyed bronze may be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to a further embodiment, the prealloyed bronze may comprise a specific amount of tin. For example, the prealloyed bronze may comprise at least about 5 wt.% tin of total prealloyed bronze, such as at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 25 wt.%, at least about 30 wt. .%, at least about 35wt.% Or even at least about 40 wt.% of the total weight of the metal alloy. In other embodiments, the tin content may be no more than about 45 wt.% of the total weight of the prealloyed bronze, no more than about 40 wt.%, no more than about 35 wt.%, no more than about 30 wt.%, no more than about 25 wt. %, no more than about 20 wt.%, no more than about 15 wt.% or even no more than about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the prealloyed bronze. It should be understood that the tin content of the prealloyed bronze may be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to yet another embodiment, the bonding material can include a specific amount of tin. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 20 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, such as no more than about 15 wt.%, no more than about 10 wt.%, no more than about 9 wt.%, no more than about 8 wt.%, no greater than About 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, or even no more than about 1 wt.% of total bound material The weight of tin. In certain other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include at least about 0.5 wt.% tin of the total weight of the bonding material, such as at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%. At least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 6 wt.%, at least about 7 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 9 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.% or Even at least about 19 wt.% of the combined weight of the total tin of the material. It should be understood that the tin content in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to further embodiments, the body may comprise a specific amount of elemental chromium. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, such as no more than about 9 wt.%, no more than about 8 wt.%, Not more than about 7 wt.%, not more than about 6 wt.%, not more than about 5 wt.%, not more than about 4 wt.%, not more than about 3 wt.%, not more than about 2 wt.%, or even not more than about 1 wt.%. The elemental chromium combined with the total weight of the material. In other particular embodiments, the bonding material can be substantially free of elemental chromium. In other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include at least about 0.1 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, such as at least about 1 wt.% or even at least about 5 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. It should be understood that the amount of elemental chromium in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the bonding material can include a specific amount of elemental nickel. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, such as no more than about 9 wt.%, no more than about 8 wt.%, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no. Elemental nickel greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4 wt.%, no greater than about 3 wt.%, no greater than about 2 wt.%, or even no greater than about 1 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. In other particular embodiments, the bonding material can be substantially free of elemental nickel. In other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can include at least about 0.1 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of elemental nickel, such as at least about 1 wt.% or even at least about 5 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of elemental nickel. It should be understood that the content of elemental nickel in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

Particularly with regard to the filler material included in the bonding material of the abrasive tool, according to certain embodiments, the bonding material may include a specific amount of tungsten. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, For example, not more than about 9 wt.%, not more than about 8 wt.%, not more than about 7 wt.%, not more than about 6 wt.%, not more than about 5 wt.%, not more than about 4 wt.%, not more than about 3 wt.%, Not more than about 2 wt.% or even no more than about 1 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of tungsten. In certain other embodiments, the bonding material can be substantially free of tungsten. In other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can comprise at least about 0.1 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of tungsten, such as at least about 1 wt.% or even at least about 5 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of tungsten. It should be understood that the amount of tungsten in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, the bonding material may comprise a specific amount of cast iron. For example, the bonding material can include no more than about 75 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, no more than about 70 wt.%, no more than about 65 wt.%, no more than about 60 wt.%, no more than about 55 wt.%, no greater than about 50 wt.%, no more than about 45 wt.%, no more than about 40 wt.% or even no more than about 35 wt.% of the total weight of the bonded material of the cast iron. In other non-limiting embodiments, the bonding material can comprise at least about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of the cast iron, such as at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 25 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%. And at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, at least about 50 wt.%, at least about 55 wt.%, at least about 60 wt.%, at least about 65 wt.%, or even at least about 70 wt.% of the total weight of the combined material of the cast iron. It should be understood that the cast iron content in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the cast iron may be an alloy that may include a specific amount of carbon. For example, cast iron may include no more than about 5 wt.% cast iron total The weight of carbon, for example, is no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.0 wt.%, no greater than about 3.5 wt.%, no greater than about 3.0 wt.%, no greater than about 2.5 wt.%, no greater than about 2.0. Carbon of wt.%, no greater than about 1.5 wt.%, no greater than about 1.0 wt.%, or even no greater than about 0.5 wt.% of the total weight of the cast iron. In other embodiments, the cast iron may comprise at least about 0.5 wt.% of the total weight of carbon in the castor, for example, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%. Carbon having a total weight of at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, or even at least about 4.9 wt.% cast iron. It should be understood that the carbon content of the cast iron can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the cast iron may be an alloy that may include a specific amount of chromium that is significantly different from the free chromium or elemental chromium contained in the bonding material. For example, the cast iron can include no more than about 5 wt.% of the total weight of the cast iron, such as no more than about 4.5 wt.%, no more than about 4.0 wt.%, no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3.0 wt.%, No more than about 2.5 wt.%, no more than about 2.0 wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1.0 wt.%, or even no more than about 0.5 wt.% of the total weight of the cast iron. In certain other non-limiting embodiments, the cast iron can include at least about 0.5 wt.% of the total weight of the cast iron, such as at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5. Wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, or even at least about 4.9 wt.% of the total weight of the cast iron. It should be understood that the chromium content of the cast iron may be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In certain instances, the binding material can include an active binding agent. live The sexual binder may include a titanium-containing composition, which may include any material containing a measurable titanium content, and more specifically, may be a titanium-based material. For example, the titanium-containing composition can have at least about 1 wt.% titanium based on the total weight of the titanium composition, such as at least about 10 wt.% titanium, at least about 20 wt.% titanium, or even most of the total weight of the titanium-containing compound. The portion is titanium (i.e., at least about 51 wt.%). The titanium-containing compound may be a metal such as a metal alloy, and more specifically, the titanium-based metal alloy has a titanium content which is mostly larger than any other metal element. It will be understood that the titanium-containing composition can be formed by a chemical process of an untreated binder, such as titanium hydride in an untreated mixture. It is further understood that the titanium-containing composition can include a plurality of different titanium-containing compositions in the bonding material.

According to an embodiment, the bonding material may comprise a specific amount of the titanium-containing composition, including, for example, no more than about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, such as no more than about 9 wt.%, no more than about 8 wt.%, Not more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, or no more than about 1 wt.% of the bonding material. The total weight of the titanium-containing composition. In certain other embodiments, the bonding material can comprise at least about 1 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of the titanium-containing composition, such as at least about 2 wt.%, at least about 3 wt.%, at least about 4 wt.%, at least about 5 wt. .%, at least about 6 wt.%, at least about 7 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 9 wt.%, or even at least about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of the titanium-containing composition. It should be understood that the level of the titanium-containing composition in the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, the bonding material may comprise a plurality of titanium-containing compositions that may differ from one another based on their composition. The plurality of titanium-containing compositions It may be the result of chemical dissociation of the untreated binder during processing and the formation of a new titanium-containing composition in the binder. In one embodiment, the bonding material can include a first titanium-containing composition preferably positioned adjacent the cast iron within the bonding material and a second titanium-containing composition preferably positioned adjacent the abrasive particles in the bonding material.

The combination of ingredients in the bonding material can be controlled to promote the formation of specific levels of the titanium-containing composition. For example, in certain embodiments, the first titanium-containing composition can include a titanium-tin alloy and the second titanium-containing composition can include titanium carbide. In other embodiments, the body can include a first amount of titanium-containing composition (TCC1) and a second amount of titanium-containing composition (TCC2). In certain embodiments, the first titanium-containing composition may be present in an amount greater than the second titanium-containing composition. It should be understood that TCC1 indicates that the content of the first titanium-containing composition in the bonding material is wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and TCC2 indicates that the content of the second titanium-containing composition in the bonding material is wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material.

According to yet another embodiment, the body may comprise a ratio of the content of the first titanium-containing composition (TCC1) in the bonding material to the content of the second titanium-containing composition (TCC2), which facilitates the formation of the abrasive tool in the embodiments herein. And performance. In certain embodiments, the ratio (TCC1/TCC2) can be no greater than about 2, such as no greater than about 1.8, no greater than about 1.6, no greater than about 1.4, no greater than about 1.2, no greater than about 1.0, and no greater than about 0.8. No more than about 0.6, no more than about 0.4, or even no more than about 0.2. In certain other embodiments, the ratio TCC1/TCC2 can be at least about 0.1, such as at least about 0.2, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.8, at least about 1.0, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.6. At least about 1.8, or at least about 1.9. It should be understood that the ratio TCC1/TCC2 can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other particular embodiments, the body can include a ratio (W/CI) of tungsten (W) content to cast iron (CI) content in the bonding material that facilitates the formation and performance of the abrasive tool in the embodiments herein. In the ratio (W/CI), W represents the content of tungsten in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CI represents the content of the cast iron in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. In certain embodiments, the ratio W/CI can be no greater than about 0.9, such as no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no. Greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, or even no greater than about 0.005. In some other non-limiting embodiments the ratio W/CI can be substantially zero. In other embodiments, the ratio W/CI can be at least about 0.001, such as at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, or even at least about 0.1. It should be understood that the ratio W/CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to yet another embodiment, the body may comprise a ratio of the copper-containing composition (CCC) content to the cast iron (CI) content in the bonding material (CCC/CI). In the ratio (CCC/CI), CCC means that the content of the copper-containing composition in the binding material is in wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CI represents the content of the cast iron in the bonding material in wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. meter. In certain embodiments, the ratio CCC/CI can be no greater than about 0.9, such as no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.75, no greater than about 0.7, or even no greater than about 0.68. According to yet another non-limiting embodiment, the ratio CCC/CI can be at least about 0.1, such as at least about 0.2. At least about 0.3, at least about 0.35, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.45, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.55, or even at least about 0.6. It should be understood that the ratio CCC/CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the body can include a ratio of titanium-containing composition (TiCC) content to one of cast iron (CI) content (TiCC/CI) in the bonding material. In the ratio (TiCC/CI), TiCC represents the content of the titanium-containing composition in the binding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CI represents the content of the cast iron in the bonding material in wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. meter. In certain embodiments, the ratio TiCC/CI can be no greater than about 0.9, such as no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.35, and not Greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.28, no greater than about 0.25, no greater than about 0.23, and even no greater than about 0.2. In certain other embodiments, the ratio TiCC/CI can be at least about 0.01, such as at least about 0.05, at least about 0.08, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.12, at least about 0.14, or even at least about 0.16. It should be understood that the ratio TiCC/CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other particular embodiments, the body may comprise a ratio (WC/CI) of tungsten carbide (WC) content to cast iron (CI) content in the bonding material. In the ratio (WC/CI), WC represents the content of tungsten carbide in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CI represents the content of the cast iron in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. . In certain embodiments, the ratio WC/CI can be no greater than about 0.9, such as no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than greater than greater than about 0.3, Not greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, or even no greater than about 0.01. In some other embodiments the ratio WC/CI can be substantially zero, and in other embodiments, the ratio WC/CI can be at least about 0.01. It should be understood that the ratio WC/CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other particular embodiments, the body can include a ratio (WC/CCC) of tungsten carbide (WC) content to copper-containing composition (CCC) content in the bonding material. In the ratio (WC/CCC), WC represents the content of tungsten carbide in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CCC represents the content of the copper-containing composition in the bonding material in terms of the total weight of the bonding material. .%meter. In certain embodiments, the ratio WC/CCC can be no greater than about 0.9, such as no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no. Greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, or even no greater than about 0.01. The ratio WC/CCC in certain other embodiments may be substantially zero. In other embodiments, the ratio WC/CCC can be at least about 0.001. It should be understood that the ratio WC/CCC can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to yet another embodiment, the body may include a ratio of the content of the copper-containing composition (CCC) and the titanium-containing composition (TiCC) in the bonding material to the content of the cast iron (CI) ((CCC+TiCC)/CI). In the ratio ((CCC+TiCC)/CI), CCC means that the content of the copper-containing composition is in wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and TiCC represents the content of the titanium-containing composition in the bonding material to total the bonding material. The weight is expressed in wt.%, and CI indicates the content of cast iron in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. In some embodiments, the ratio (CCC +TiCC)/CI may be no greater than about 1.4, such as no greater than about 1.3, no greater than about 1.2, no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.98, no greater than about 0.96, no greater than about 0.94, no greater than about 0.92, no greater than It is about 0.9, no greater than about 0.88, no greater than about 0.86, or even no greater than about 0.84. In certain other non-limiting embodiments, the ratio (CCC + TiCC) / CI can be at least about 0.1, for example, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.72, at least about 0.74, at least about 0.76, at least about 0.78, or even at least about 0.8. It should be understood that the ratio (CCC + TiCC) / CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other particular embodiments, the body may comprise a ratio (Ni/CI) of nickel (Ni) content to cast iron (CI) content in the bonding material. In the ratio (Ni/CI), Ni represents the content of nickel in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CI represents the content of the cast iron in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. In certain embodiments, the ratio Ni/CI can be no greater than about 1, such as no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, Not greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.1, or even no greater than about 0.005. The ratio Ni/CI in certain other embodiments may be substantially zero. In other embodiments, the ratio Ni/CI can be at least about 0.001. It should be understood that the ratio Ni/CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other particular embodiments, the body may comprise a ratio (Cr/CI) of chromium (Cr) content to cast iron (CI) content in the bonding material. In ratio In the example (Cr/CI), Cr represents the content of chromium in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CI represents the content of the cast iron in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. In certain embodiments, the ratio Cr/CI can be no greater than about 1, such as no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no. Greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, or even no greater than about 0.005. In certain other embodiments, the ratio Cr/CI can be substantially zero. In other embodiments, the ratio Cr/CI can be at least about 0.001, such as at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least About 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, or even at least about 0.9. It should be understood that the ratio Cr/CI can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other non-limiting embodiments, the body can include a ratio (W/CCC) of tungsten (W) content to copper-containing composition (CCC) content in the bonding material. In the ratio (W/CCC), W represents the content of tungsten in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and CCC represents the content of the copper-containing composition in the bonding material in terms of the total weight of the bonding material. %meter. In certain embodiments, the ratio W/CCC can be no greater than about 1, such as no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no. Greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, or even no greater than about 0.005. In certain other embodiments, the ratio W/CCC can be substantially zero. In other non-limiting embodiments, the ratio W/CCC can be at least about 0.001. Should be understood Yes, the ratio W/CCC can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to other embodiments, the body may include a ratio (W/TiCC) of the tungsten (W) content to the titanium-containing composition (TiCC) content in the bonding material. In the ratio (W/TiCC), W represents the content of tungsten in the bonding material in terms of wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material, and TiCC represents the content of the titanium-containing composition in the bonding material in terms of the total weight of the bonding material. %meter. In certain embodiments, the ratio W/TiCC can be no greater than about 1, such as no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no. Greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, or even no greater than about 0.1. In certain other embodiments, the ratio W/TiCC can be substantially zero. The ratio W/TiCC in other embodiments may be at least about 0.001. It should be understood that the ratio W/TiCC can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to further embodiments, the body may include a ratio of titanium-containing composition (TiCC) content to one of abrasive particle (AP) content (TiCC/AP) in the bonding material. In the ratio (TiCC/AP), TiCC means that the content of the titanium-containing composition is vol.% of the total volume of the bonding material, and AP means the content of the abrasive particles in the bonding material to vol. %meter. In certain embodiments, the ratio TiCC/AP can be no greater than about 1, such as no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no. Greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.01, or even no greater than about 0.005. In certain other non-limiting embodiments, the ratio TiCC/AP can At least about 0.001, such as at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, or Even at least about 0.9. It should be understood that the ratio TiCC/AP can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to further embodiments, the body may include a ratio of cast iron (CI) content to abrasive particle (AP) content (CI/AP) in the bonding material. In the ratio (CI/AP), CI indicates that the content of the cast iron in the bonded material is vol.% of the total volume of the bonded material, and AP indicates the content of the abrasive particles in the bonded material in terms of vol.% of the total volume of the bonded material. The ratio CI/AP in certain embodiments may be no greater than about 1, such as no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no. Greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, or even no greater than about 0.005. In certain other embodiments, the ratio CI/AP can be at least about 0.001, at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, At least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, or even at least about 0.9. It should be understood that the ratio CI/AP can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to another embodiment, the abrasive particles can be a superabrasive material. In certain other embodiments, the abrasive material can comprise a material selected from the group consisting of diamond, cubic boron nitride, and combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the superabrasive material can consist essentially of diamond. In other embodiments, the superabrasive material can be substantially nitrided by cubic Boron composition. In other embodiments, the superabrasive material can have a Mohs hardness of at least about 8, such as at least about 8.5 or even at least about 9.

According to yet another embodiment, the abrasive particles can have a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEab) and the bonding material can have a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEbm). In certain embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the abrasive particles and the bonding material can be specifically controlled to facilitate the formation and performance of the abrasive tool in the embodiments described herein. The absolute value of the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the abrasive particles and the bonding material can be expressed by the equation |CTEab-CTEbm|. In certain embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the abrasive particles and the bonding material may be no greater than about 20 m/m/°K, such as no greater than about 18 m/m/°K, no greater than about 16 m/ m/°K, not more than about 14 m/m/°K, not more than about 12 m/m/°K, not more than about 10 m/m/°K, not more than about 8 m/m/°K, not more than about 6 m/ m/°K, no more than about 4 m/m/°K or even no more than about 2 m/m/°K. In other embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the abrasive particles and the bonding material may be at least about 1 m/m/°K, such as at least about 2 m/m/°K, at least about 4 m/m/°K. At least about 6 m/m/° K, at least about 8 m/m/° K, at least about 10 m/m/° K, at least about 12 m/m/° K, at least about 14 m/m/° K, at least about 16 m/ m/°K or even at least about 18 m/m/°K. The absolute value of the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the abrasive particles and the bonding material can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In yet another embodiment, a copper-containing composition can have a specific melting point (CCCmp) and the cast iron can have a specific melting point (CImp). In certain embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the melting point of the copper-containing composition (CCCmp) and the melting point of the cast iron (CImp) can be expressed by the equation |CCCmp-CImp|. In certain embodiments, the difference between the melting point of the copper-containing composition and the melting point of the cast iron may be no greater than about 1000 ° C, no greater than about 500 ° C, no greater than about 250 ° C, no greater than about 100 ° C, no greater than about 80 ° C, no more than about 70 ° C, no more than about 60 ° C, no more than about 50 ° C, no more than about 40 ° C, no more than about 30 ° C, no more than about 20 ° C, no more than about 10 ° C or even no more than about 5 °C. In other embodiments, the difference between the melting point of the copper-containing composition and the melting point of the cast iron may be at least about 1 ° C, at least about 10 ° C, at least about 20 ° C, at least about 30 ° C, at least about 40 ° C, at least about 50. °C, at least about 60 ° C, at least about 70 ° C, at least about 80 ° C, at least about 90 ° C, at least about 100 ° C, at least about 250 ° C, at least about 500 ° C or even at least about 990 ° C. It should be understood that the difference between the melting point of the copper-containing composition and the melting point of the cast iron may be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the bonding material can include a copper-containing composition having a melting temperature of no greater than about 1000 ° C, no greater than about 950 ° C, no greater than about 900 ° C, no greater than about 850 ° C, no greater than about 800 ° C, Not greater than about 750 ° C, no greater than about 700 ° C, no greater than about 650 ° C, no greater than about 600 ° C, no greater than about 550 ° C, no greater than about 500 ° C, no greater than about 450 ° C, or even no greater than about 410 ° C. In other embodiments, the copper-containing composition has a melting temperature of at least about 400 ° C, at least about 450 ° C, at least about 500 ° C, at least about 550 ° C, at least about 600 ° C copper-containing constituents, at least about 650 ° C, at least about 700. ° C, at least about 750 ° C, at least about 800 ° C, at least about 850 ° C, at least about 900 ° C, at least about 950 ° C, or even at least about 990 ° C. It should be understood that the melting temperature of the copper-containing composition can be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

According to further embodiments, the bonding material may comprise cast iron having a particular average particle size (D50). In certain embodiments, the average particle size (D50) of the cast iron can be no greater than about 300 microns, such as no greater than about 250 microns, no greater than about 200 microns, no greater than about 150 microns, no greater than about 100 microns, no greater than About 90 microns, no more than about 80 microns, no more than about 70 microns, no more than about 60 microns, no more than about 50 microns, no more than about 40 microns, no more than about 30 microns, no more than about 20 microns, no more than about 10 Micron, no greater than about 5 microns or even no greater than about 2 microns. In other embodiments, the cast iron may have an average particle size (D50) of at least about 1 micron, such as at least about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, at least about 20 microns, at least about 30 microns, at least about 40 microns, at least about 50 microns, at least about 60 microns, at least about 70 microns, at least about 80 microns, at least about 90 microns, at least about 100 microns, at least about 150 microns, at least about 200 microns, at least about 250 microns, or even at least about 290 microns. It should be understood that the average particle size (D50) of the cast iron may be any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the bonding material can include cast iron particles having a particular particle size distribution. In other embodiments, the particle size distribution can be a Gaussian distribution. In other embodiments, the particle size distribution can be a distribution of multiple models. In other embodiments, the particle size distribution can be a bimodal distribution. In certain embodiments, the bimodal distribution can include a first mode that can include a coarse particle size, and a second mode that can include a fine particle size.

In other embodiments, the abrasive tool can have a specific Vickers hardness. For example, the abrasive tool can have at least about 103 GPa, at least about 110 GPa, at least about 120 GPa, at least about 130 GPa, at least about 140 1 GPa. Or even a Vickers hardness of at least about 145 GPa. In other embodiments, the abrasive tool can have a Vickers hardness of no greater than about 150 GPa, no greater than about 140 GPa, no greater than about 130 GPa, no greater than about 120 GPa, or even no greater than about 110 GPa. It should be understood that the abrasive tool can have any value of Vickers hardness within any range between the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In other embodiments, the abrasive tools described herein can have certain high material ablation rate characteristics. The high material ablation rate characteristic can be selected from the group consisting of: running length, maximum initial velocity characteristics, life, refurbishment frequency, edge quality, and combinations thereof. The high material ablation rate is measured according to a standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test, which is a Bystronic mill with a slurry/coolant on a 6 mm thick glass workpiece. The measurement was carried out.

In the first part of the standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test, an abrasive tool moves along the edge of the workpiece edge defined by the thickness at a set feed rate. The abrasive tool was applied to the glass at an initial speed of 20 m/min to adapt the abrasive tool. If the initial speed of 20 m/min causes a defect, the speed is lowered. The maximum initial velocity characteristic is the maximum initial velocity (m/min) at which the abrasive tool does not cause defects in the workpiece. Defects include cracks, micro-cracks and burns. Microcracking is a fragmentation that is visible in a workpiece without inspection using a reinforcing device such as a microscope. The fit length is the length that moves along the workpiece before the grinding tool is adjusted or broken (ie, when the workpiece is free of defects at a grinding speed of 20 m/min). If the grinding tool cannot be operated at an initial speed of 20 m/min, the speed must be reduced and gradually increased at the beginning. Until the grinding speed can be returned to 20m/min without causing workpiece defects The grinding length of the material is the fitting length. If the grinding tool can be operated immediately at an initial speed of 20 m/min without causing defects during grinding, it does not have an adapted length.

In the second part of the standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test, the speed of the grinding tool was increased from 20 m/min to 30 m/min. The number of pieces/renovation refers to the number of pieces of grinding between the grinding tools during the second part of the standard high material removal rate glass grinding test. The life of the grinding tool is during the second part of the standard high material removal rate glass grinding test. Before the grinding tool can cut the material without causing workpiece defects (such as cracks, micro-cracks, burns, etc.), the grinding tool The length that can be moved along the workpiece. The edge quality is the percentage of the workpiece that is free of defects (such as cracks, micro-cracks, burns, etc.) after the grinding tool is ground during the second part of the standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test.

The abrasive tool of the embodiments herein may have an adapted length that is measured to be no greater than 1000 linear meters, such as no greater than about 900 linear meters, no greater than about 800, in a first portion of a standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test. Linear meters, no more than about 700 linear meters, no more than about 600 linear meters, no more than about 500 linear meters, no more than about 400 linear meters, no more than about 300 linear meters, no more than about 200 linear meters, no more than about 100 linear Meters, no more than about 50 linear meters, no more than about 40 linear meters, no more than about 30 linear meters, no more than about 20 linear meters, no more than about 10 linear meters, no more than about 5 linear meters or even no more than about 1 linear Meter. In other embodiments, the abrasive tool may have no run-in period, indicating that the tool can begin grinding at 20 m/min without causing defects (such as cracks, micro-cracks, burns, etc.) on the workpiece. In other implementations In one example, the abrasive tool can have an adapted length of at least about 1 meter, such as at least about 5 meters, at least about 10 meters, at least about 50 meters, or even at least about 100 meters. It should be understood that the abrasive tool can have an adapted length of any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

The abrasive tool can derive a maximum initial velocity characteristic from the first part of the standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test. For example, the abrasive tool can have a maximum initial velocity characteristic of at least about 10 m/min, such as at least about 12 m/min, at least about 14 m/min, at least about 16 m/min, at least about 18 m/min, at least about 20 m/min, at least about 25 m/min, at least about 30 m/min, at least about 35 m/min, at least about 40 m/min, at least about 45 m/min, at least about 50 m/min, at least about 55 m/min, at least about 60 m/min, at least about 65 m/ Min, at least about 70 m/min or even at least about 80 m/min. In one non-limiting embodiment, the abrasive tool can have a maximum initial velocity characteristic of no greater than about 100 m/min, no greater than about 90 m/min, or even no greater than about 80 m/min. It should be understood that the abrasive tool can have a maximum initial velocity characteristic of any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

The grinding tool can be used to obtain its specific life according to the second part of the standard high material removal rate glass grinding test. For example, the abrasive tool can have a life of at least about 1000 linear meters, such as at least about 1100 linear meters, at least about 1200 linear meters, at least about 1300 linear meters, at least about 1400 linear meters, at least about 1500 linear meters, at least about 2000. Linear meters, at least about 300 linear meters or even at least about 500 linear meters. In other embodiments, the abrasive tool can have a lifetime of no greater than about 6000 linear meters, such as no greater than about 5000 linear meters, no greater than about 4000 linear meters, or even no greater than about 3000 linear meters. It should be understood that the abrasive tool can have a lifetime of any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

The grinding tool can derive a specific refurbishing frequency based on the second part of the standard high material removal rate glass grinding test. For example, the abrasive tool may have a refurbishment frequency of at least about 25 pieces/renovation, such as at least about 30 pieces/repair, at least about 35 pieces/repair, or even at least about 40 pieces/renovation. In other embodiments, as measured by the refurbishment frequency test, the abrasive tool can have a refurbishment frequency of no more than about 50 pieces/repair, such as no more than about 45 pieces/repair, no more than about 40 pieces/repair, No more than about 35 pieces / renovation or even no more than about 30 pieces / renovation. It should be understood that the abrasive tool can have a refurbishment frequency of any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

The grinding tool can derive a specific edge quality based on standard high material removal rate glass grinding tests. For example, the abrasive tool can provide an edge quality such that at least about 25% of the workpiece is defect free, such as at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, or even at least about 90% are defect free. In some embodiments, the abrasive tool can provide an edge quality such that the workpiece is substantially defect free. In other embodiments, the abrasive tool can provide an edge quality such that no more than about 100% of the workpiece is defect free, such as no more than about 95%, no more than about 90%, or even no more than about 75% is defect free. . It should be understood that the tool can provide any percentage of edge quality within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

In certain embodiments, the abrasive tool can derive a particular G-scale based on a standard high material ablation rate glass grinding test. For example, the abrasive tool can have a G-ratio of at least about 40k, such as at least about 45k, at least about 50k, at least about 55k, at least about 60k, or even at least about 65k. In other embodiments, the abrasive tool can have a G-ratio of no greater than about 70k, such as no greater than about 65k or even no greater than about 60k. It should be understood that the abrasive tool can have a G ratio of any value within the range between any of the minimum and maximum values mentioned above.

Instance

Abrasive articles according to the examples described herein were formed from a mixture of ingredients as provided in Table 1.

For Examples 1 and 2, the mixture was formed into an abrasive tool in a temperature range of between 850 ° C and about 1000 ° C and a pressure range of from about 1 ton / in ² to about 2 ton / in ² .

A conventional abrasive article is formed from a mixture of ingredients as provided in Table 2.

For conventional examples, the mixture is formed into an abrasive tool in a temperature range of between 850 ° C and about 1000 ° C and a pressure range of from about 1 ton / in ² to about 2 ton / in ² .

Table 3 provides the high material ablation rate characteristics of Example 2 and conventional examples.

Table 4 provides a comparison of the average lifetime of Example 2 with conventional examples when grinding at a thickness of 6 mm and provides characteristics of test parameters and other material removal rates.

Table 5 provides a comparison of the average life of Example 2 with conventional examples when grinding tempered glass having a thickness of 3 to 4 mm, and provides test parameters.

Table 6 provides a comparison of the average life of Example 2 with conventional examples when grinding glass having a thickness of 3 to 4 mm, and provides test parameters.

This application represents a difference from the state of the art. It is worth noting that the embodiments herein demonstrate improved and unexpected performance over conventional abrasive tools. Although not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, combinations of features including design, processing, materials, etc. are suggested to facilitate such improvements. Combinations of features can include, but are not limited to, a combination of materials, titanium hydride in the presence of an active binder, ratio of tungsten to cast iron in an abrasive article, ratio of copper-containing composition to cast iron in an abrasive article, abrasive article The ratio of the titanium-containing composition to the cast iron, the ratio of tungsten carbide to the cast iron in the abrasive product, the ratio of the tungsten carbide to the copper-containing composition in the abrasive product, the copper-containing composition in the abrasive product, and the ratio of the titanium-containing composition to the cast iron A combination of these features. It is worth noting that these combination of features exhibit improved performance in high speed grinding operations. In particular, embodiments of the abrasive articles described herein exhibit improved material removal rate characteristics, such as increased fit length, increased maximum initial velocity characteristics, and improved workpiece, without wishing to be bound by any particular theory. Life on milled linear meters, increased refurbishment frequency and improved edge quality and combinations of the above.

In the above, reference to the connection of specific embodiments and certain components is exemplary. It should be understood that the purpose of referring to the components that are coupled or connected is to disclose a direct connection between components in the methods discussed herein or indirectly through one or more intermediate components, as will be understood. connection. Therefore, the subject matter disclosed above is considered to be illustrative and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, modifications, and other embodiments falling within the true scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the appended claims and their equivalents, and should not be limited or limited Detailed description.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with the Patent Law, and is submitted with the understanding that it is not intended to be interpreted or limited. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single embodiment based on the purpose of streamlining the present disclosure. The present invention should not be construed as reflecting that the claimed embodiments are intended to require more features than those claimed. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all features of the disclosed embodiments. Therefore, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the claims

There may be many different aspects and embodiments. Some aspects and embodiments are described below. These aspects and embodiments are to be understood as illustrative only and not limiting the scope of the invention. Embodiments may conform to any one or more of the items listed below.

Item 1: An abrasive tool comprising: a body comprising abrasive particles, the abrasive particles comprising a superabrasive material contained in a bonding material; and at least one high material ablation rate characteristic selected from the group consisting of Group of: an adapted length of no more than about 1000 linear meters, a maximum initial velocity characteristic of at least about 10 m/min, a life of at least about 1000 linear meters, a repair frequency of at least about 25 pieces/renovation, one At least about 25% of the workpieces are defect free edge quality and combinations thereof.

Item 2: A method of forming an abrasive tool, comprising: providing a mixture comprising: a bonding material comprising a superabrasive material Abrasive particles comprising a reactive binder of a titanium-containing composition and at least one high material ablation rate characteristic selected from the group consisting of: an adapted length of no more than about 1000 linear meters, at least about a maximum initial velocity characteristic of 10 m/min, a life of at least about 1000 linear meters, a repair frequency of at least about 25 pieces/renovation, a workpiece of at least about 25% being defect-free edge quality, and combinations thereof; The abrasive tool is formed.

Item 3: The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises an adapted length that is no greater than about 900 linear meters and no greater than about 800 linear meters , not more than about 700 linear meters, no more than about 600 linear meters, no more than about 500 linear meters, no more than about 400 linear meters, no more than about 300 linear meters, no more than about 200 linear meters, no more than about 100 linear meters, Not greater than about 50 linear meters, no greater than about 40 linear meters, no greater than about 30 linear meters, no greater than about 20 linear meters, no greater than about 10 linear meters, no greater than about 5 linear meters, and no greater than about 1 linear meters.

Item 4: The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body does not substantially include an adaptation cycle.

Item 5. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises an adapted length that is at least about 1 meter, at least about 5 meters, at least about 10 Meters, at least about 50 meters and at least about 100 meters.

Item 6. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a maximum initial velocity characteristic of at least about 12 m/min, at least about 14 m/min, At least about 16 m/min, at least about 18 m/min, at least about 20 m/min, at least about 25 m/min, at least about 30 m/min, at least about 35 m/min, at least about 40 m/min, at least about 45 m/min, at least about 50 m/ Min, at least about 55 m/min, at least about 60 m/min, at least about 65 m/min, at least about 70 m/min, and at least about 80 m/min.

Item 7. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a maximum initial velocity characteristic of no greater than about 100 m/min and no greater than about 90 m/ Min and no more than about 80m/min.

Item 8. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a lifetime that is at least about 1100 linear meters, at least about 1200 linear meters, at least about 1300 Linear meters, a life of at least about 1400 linear meters, at least about 1500 linear meters, at least about 2000 linear meters, at least about 3000 linear meters, and at least about 5000 linear meters.

Item 9. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a lifetime that is no greater than about 6000 linear meters, no greater than about 5000 linear meters, no More than about 4000 linear meters and no more than about 3000 linear meters.

Item 10. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a finishing frequency of at least about 30 pieces/repair, at least about 35 pieces/ Renovation and even at least about 40 pieces/renovation.

Item 11. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a repair frequency of no more than about 50 pieces/repair, no more than about 45 pieces Number/repair, no more than About 40 pieces/renovation, no more than about 35 pieces/renovation and no more than about 30 pieces/renovation.

Item 12. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises an edge quality such that at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40 of the workpiece %, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, and at least about 90 % is defect free.

Item 13. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises an edge quality such that the workpiece is 100% defect free.

Item 14. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises an edge quality such that no more than about 100% of the workpiece is defect free, such as no greater than About 95%, no more than about 90%, and no more than about 75% are defect free.

Item 15: The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, further comprising at least one of: a tungsten-on-cast iron [W/CI] of no more than about 1 Ratio, ratio of copper-containing composition of not more than about 1 to cast iron [CCC/CI], ratio of titanium-containing composition of not more than about 1 to cast iron [TiCC/CI], carbonization of not more than about 1. The ratio of tungsten to cast iron [WC/CI], the ratio of tungsten carbide to copper-containing composition [WC/CCC] of not more than about 1, the copper-containing composition of not more than about 1.5, and the composition of titanium containing cast iron [ The ratio of (CCC+TiC)/CI] and its combination.

Item 16: Grinding tool or forming a research as described in item 15 A method of grinding a tool, wherein the ratio of tungsten to cast iron [W/CI] is no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, or no greater than about 0.005, wherein the ratio of tungsten to cast iron [W/CI] is substantially zero.

Item 17. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of tungsten to cast iron [W/CI] is at least about 0.001, at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1. .

Item 18. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of the copper-containing composition to cast iron [CCC/CI] is no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.75, no It is greater than about 0.7 and not greater than about 0.68.

Item 19. The abrasive tool of any of items 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of the copper-containing composition to the cast iron [CCC/CI] is at least about 0.1, at least about the abrasive tool Or method 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.35, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.45, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.55, at least about 0.6.

Item 20: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of the titanium-containing composition to the cast iron [TiCC/CI] is no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no Greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.35, no greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.28, no greater than about 0.25, no greater than about 0.23, and no greater than about 0.2.

Item 21: Grinding tools or forming a research as described in item 15 A method of grinding a tool wherein the ratio of titanium-containing composition to cast iron [TiCC/CI] is at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.08, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.12, at least about 0.14, at least about 0.16.

Item 22. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of tungsten carbide to cast iron [WC/CI] is no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, and no greater than about 0.6, no more than about 0.5, no more than about 0.4, no more than about 0.3, no more than about 0.2, no more than about 0.1, no more than about 0.01, wherein the ratio of tungsten carbide to cast iron [WC/CI] is substantially zero.

Item 23. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of tungsten carbide to cast iron [WC/CI] is at least about 0.01.

Item 24. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of tungsten carbide to copper-containing composition [WC/CCC] is no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, and no greater than about 0.7. Not more than about 0.6, not more than about 0.5, not more than about 0.4, not more than about 0.3, not more than about 0.2, not more than about 0.1, and not more than about 0.01, wherein the proportion of tungsten carbide to the copper-containing composition [WC/CCC] Basically zero.

Item 25. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of tungsten carbide to copper-containing composition [WC/CCC] is at least about 0.001.

Item 26. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of the copper-containing composition and the titanium-containing composition to cast iron [(CCC+TiC)/CI] is not more than about 1.4, not more than About 1.3, no more than About 1.2, no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.98, no greater than about 0.96, no greater than about 0.94, no greater than about 0.92, no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.88, no greater than about 0.86, and no greater than about 0.84.

Item 27. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the ratio of the copper-containing composition and the titanium-containing composition to cast iron [(CCC + TiC) / CI] is at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2. At least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.72, at least about 0.74, at least about 0.76, at least about 0.78, at least about 0.8.

Item 28: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of nickel to cast iron [Ni/CI], which is no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.9, no Greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, no. Greater than about 0.005, wherein the body further comprises a substantially zero ratio of nickel to cast iron [Ni/CI].

Item 29. The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of nickel to cast iron [Ni/CI] of at least about 0.001.

Item 30: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of chromium to cast iron [Cr/CI], which is no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.9, no Greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, no. Greater than about 0.005, wherein the ratio of chromium to cast iron [Cr/CI] is basically zero.

Item 31: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, further comprising a ratio of chromium to cast iron [Cr/CI] of at least about 0.001, at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05. At least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, and at least about 0.9.

Item 32: The abrasive tool of claim 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of tungsten to copper-containing composition [W/CCC], which is no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, no greater than about 0.1, no greater than about 0.05, no greater than about 0.01, not more than about 0.005, wherein the ratio of tungsten to the copper-containing composition [W/CCC] is substantially zero.

Item 33: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of tungsten to copper-containing composition [W/CCC] of at least about 0.001.

Item 34: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of tungsten to titanium-containing composition [W/TiCC] which is no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.9, no greater than about 0.8, no greater than about 0.7, no greater than about 0.6, no greater than about 0.5, no greater than about 0.4, no greater than about 0.3, no greater than about 0.2, and no greater than about 0.1, wherein the tungsten-containing titanium composition is [ The ratio of W/TiCC] is basically zero.

Item 35: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a tungsten pair comprising at least about 0.001 The ratio of the titanium composition [W/TiCC].

Item 36: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of titanium-containing composition to abrasive particles [TiCC/AP], which is no greater than about 1, no greater than About 0.9, no more than about 0.8, no more than about 0.7, no more than about 0.6, no more than about 0.5, no more than about 0.4, no more than about 0.3, no more than about 0.2, no more than about 0.1, no more than about 0.05, no. More than about 0.01, no more than about 0.005.

Item 37: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of titanium-containing composition to abrasive particles [TiCC/AP] of at least about 0.001, at least about 0.005 At least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9.

Item 38: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of cast iron to abrasive particles [CI/AP], which is no greater than about 1, no greater than about 0.9. No more than about 0.8, no more than about 0.7, no more than about 0.6, no more than about 0.5, no more than about 0.4, no more than about 0.3, no more than about 0.2, no more than about 0.1, no more than about 0.05, no more than about 0.01. No more than about 0.005.

Item 39: The abrasive tool of claim 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of cast iron to abrasive particles [CI/AP] of at least about 0.001, at least about 0.005, at least about 0.01, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, At least about 0.9.

Item 40: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the superabrasive material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a combination of diamond and cubic boron nitride, wherein the super The abrasive material consists essentially of diamond, wherein the superabrasive material consists essentially of cubic boron nitride, wherein the superabrasive material comprises a Mohs hardness of at least about 8, at least about 8.5, and at least about 9.

Item 41: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the abrasive particles comprise a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEab) and the bonding material comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEbm), and wherein the difference between CTEab and CTEbm The absolute value [|(CTEab-CTEbm)|] is not more than about 20 m/m/°K, not more than about 18 m/m/°K, not more than about 16 m/m/°K, and not more than about 14 m/m/°K. , not more than about 12 m/m/°K, not more than about 10 m/m/°K, not more than about 8 m/m/°K, not more than about 6 m/m/°K, and not more than about 4 m/m/°K. And no more than about 2m/m/°K.

Item 42: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the abrasive particles comprise a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEab) and the bonding material comprises a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTEbm), and wherein the difference between CTEab and CTEbm The absolute value [|(CTEab-CTEbm)|] is at least about 1 m/m/°K, at least about 2 m/m/°K, at least about 4 m/m/°K, at least about 6 m/m/°K, at least about 8 m/m/°K, at least about 10 m/m/°K, at least about 12 m/m/°K, at least about 14 m/m/°K, at least about 16 m/m/°K, and at least about 18 m/m/°. K.

Item 43: Grinding tool or forming a research as described in item 15 A method of grinding a tool, wherein the copper-containing composition comprises a melting point (CCCmp) and the cast iron comprises a melting point (CImp), and wherein the absolute value of the difference between CCCmp and CImp [| CCCmp-CImp |] is not more than about 1000 ° C, Not more than about 500 ° C, not more than about 250 ° C, not more than about greater than 100 ° C, not more than about 80 ° C, no more than about 70 ° C, no more than about 60 ° C, no more than about 50 ° C, no more than About 40 ° C, no more than about 30 ° C, no more than about 20 ° C, no more than about 10 ° C and no more than about 5 ° C.

Item 44: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the copper-containing composition comprises a melting point (CCCmp) and the cast iron comprises a melting point (CImp), and wherein the difference between CCCmp and CImp is absolute The value [| CCCmp-CImp |] is at least about 1 ° C, at least about 10 ° C, at least about 20 ° C, at least about 30 ° C, at least about 40 ° C, at least about 50 ° C, at least about 60 ° C, at least about 70 ° C, at least About 80 ° C, at least about 90 ° C, at least about 100 ° C, at least about 250 ° C, at least about 500 ° C, and at least about 990 ° C.

Item 45: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the bonding material comprises a copper-containing composition having a melting temperature of no greater than about 1000 ° C, no greater than about 950 ° C, More than about 900 ° C, no more than about 850 ° C, no more than about 800 ° C, no more than about 750 ° C, no more than about 700 ° C, no more than about 650 ° C, no more than about 600 ° C, no more than about 550 ° C, no more than about 500 ° C, no more than about 450 ° C and no more than about 410 ° C.

Item 46: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the bonding material comprises cast iron having an average particle size [D50] of no greater than about 300 microns, no greater than about 250 microns, no Greater than about 200 microns, no greater than about 150 microns, no greater than about 100 microns, no Greater than about 90 microns, no greater than about 80 microns, no greater than about 70 microns, no greater than about 60 microns, no greater than about 50 microns, no greater than about 40 microns, no greater than about 30 microns, no greater than about 20 microns, no greater than about 10 microns, no greater than about 5 microns or no greater than about 2 microns.

Item 47: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the bonding material comprises cast iron having an average particle size [D50] of at least about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, at least about 20 Micrometers, at least about 30 microns, at least about 40 microns, at least about 50 microns, at least about 60 microns, at least about 70 microns, at least about 80 microns, at least about 90 microns, at least about 100 microns, at least about 150 microns, at least about 200. Micron, at least about 250 microns, at least about 290 microns.

Item 48: The abrasive tool of claim 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the bonding material comprises cast iron particles having a specific particle size distribution, and wherein the particle size distribution is a Gaussian distribution, the particle size distribution Is a distribution of multiple models, the particle size distribution is a bimodal distribution comprising a first mode defining a coarse particle size and a second mode defining a fine particle size.

Item 49: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a first titanium-containing composition, preferably adjacent to the cast iron, and a second, preferably adjacent to the abrasive particles. Titanium composition.

Item 50: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the first titanium-containing composition comprises a titanium-tin alloy and the second titanium-containing composition comprises titanium carbide.

Item 51: Grinding tool or forming a research as described in item 15 A method of grinding a tool, wherein the body comprises a first titanium-containing composition (TCC1) and a second titanium-containing composition (TCC2), wherein the first titanium-containing composition is greater than the second The content of the titanium-containing composition.

Item 52: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a ratio of a first titanium-containing composition (TCC1) content to a second titanium-containing composition (TCC2) content, Not more than about 2, no more than about 1.8, no more than about 1.6, no more than about 1.4, no more than about 1.4, no more than about 1.2, no more than about 1.0, no more than about 0.8, no more than about 0.6, no more than about 0.4. No more than about 0.2.

Item 53: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a ratio of a first titanium-containing composition (TCC1) content to a second titanium-containing composition (TCC2) content, It is at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.8, at least about 1.0, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.8, and at least about 1.9.

Item 54: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a titanium-containing composition that is no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material, More than about 8 wt.%, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, and no more than About 1wt.%.

Item 55: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a titanium-containing composition that is at least about 2 wt.%, at least about 3 wt.%, at least about 4 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. .%,at least About 5 wt.%, at least about 6 wt.%, at least about 7 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 9 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%.

Item 56: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises tungsten in an amount of no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, no greater than about 8 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, no more than about 8 wt.%, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt. % and no more than about 1 wt.%, wherein the bonding material is substantially free of tungsten.

Item 57: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises tungsten comprising at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 1 wt.%, and at least about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material. .

Item 58: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a copper-containing composition that is no greater than about 50 wt.%, no greater than about 45 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material, More than about 35 wt.%, no more than about 30 wt.%, no more than about 25 wt.%, no more than about 20 wt.%, and no more than about 15 wt.%.

Item 59: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises a copper-containing composition that is at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, at least about 25 wt.%, at least about 30 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, and at least about 50 wt.%.

Item 60: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the copper-containing compound comprises pre-alloyed bronze.

Item 61: Grinding tool or forming a research as described in item 60 A method of grinding a tool, wherein the prealloyed bronze comprises tin having a total weight of the prealloyed bronze of no greater than about 65 wt.%, no greater than about 60 wt.%, no greater than about 55 wt.%, no greater than about 50 wt.%, no greater than About 45 wt.%, no more than about 40 wt.%, and at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 30 wt.% of the total weight of the prealloyed bronze.

Item 62: The abrasive tool of item 60 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the prealloyed bronze comprises copper in an amount not less than a tin content.

Item 63: The abrasive tool of item 60 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the prealloyed bronze comprises copper in an amount greater than tin.

The method of claim 60, wherein the prealloyed bronze comprises at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, at least about 30 wt% of the total weight of the prealloyed bronze. %, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, at least about 50 wt.%, at least about 55 wt.%, at least about 60 wt. %, at least about 65 wt.%, at least about 70 wt.%, at least about 75 wt.%, at least about 80 wt.%, at least about 85 wt.%, at least about 90 wt.%, and at least about 95 wt.%.

Item 65: The abrasive tool of claim 60, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the prealloyed bronze comprises copper that is no greater than about 90 wt.%, no greater than about 80 wt.%, and no greater than the total weight of the prealloyed bronze. About 70 wt.%, no more than about 60 wt.%, no more than about 55 wt.%, no more than about 50 wt.%.

Item 66: Grinding tool or forming a study as described in item 60 A method of grinding a tool, wherein the body comprises prealloyed bronze of no more than about 50 wt.%, no more than about 45 wt.%, no more than about 35 wt.%, no more than about 30 wt.%, no more than the total weight of the bonding material. About 25 wt.%, no more than about 20 wt.%, and no more than about 15 wt.%.

Item 67: The abrasive tool of claim 60, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises included prealloyed bronze of at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, at least about 25 wt.%, at least about 30 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, and at least about 50 wt.%.

Item 68: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the copper-containing compound comprises elemental copper.

Item 69: The abrasive tool of claim 68, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises elemental copper that is no greater than about 50 wt.%, no greater than about 45 wt.%, no greater than about the total weight of the bonding material. 35 wt.%, no more than about 30 wt.%, no more than about 25 wt.%, no more than about 20 wt.%, and no more than about 15 wt.%.

Item 70: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises elemental copper that is at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material. At least about 25 wt.%, at least about 30 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, and at least about 50 wt.%.

Item 71: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises tin that is no greater than about 20 wt.%, no greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. .%,Do not More than about 9 wt.%, no more than about 8 wt.%, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than About 2 wt.% and no more than about 1 wt.%.

Item 72: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises tin comprising at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 2.0 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, at least about 3 wt.%, at least about 4 wt.%, at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 6 wt.%, at least about 7 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 9 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.% At least about 15 wt.% and at least about 19 wt.%.

Item 73: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises cast iron that is no greater than about 75 wt.%, no greater than about 70 wt.%, no greater than about 65 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, no more than about 60 wt.%, no more than about 55 wt.%, no more than about 50 wt.%, no more than about 45 wt.%, no more than about 40 wt.%, and no more than about 35 wt.%.

Item 74: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises cast iron that is at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.%, at least about 20 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material, At least about 25 wt.%, at least about 35 wt.%, at least about 40 wt.%, at least about 45 wt.%, at least about 50 wt.%, at least about 55 wt.%, at least about 60 wt.%, at least about 65 wt.%, and at least about 70wt.%.

Item 75: The abrasive tool of item 74 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the cast iron contains carbon in an amount of no greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, and no greater than about 4.0 wt. %, no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3.0 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, greater than about 2.0 Wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1.0 wt.%, and no more than about 0.5 wt.%.

Item 76: The abrasive tool of item 74, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the cast iron contains carbon in an amount of about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, at least about 0. About 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, and at least about 4.9 wt.%.

Item 77: The abrasive tool of item 74 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the cast iron contains chromium in an amount of no greater than about 5 wt.%, no greater than about 4.5 wt.%, and no greater than about 4.0 wt. %, no more than about 3.5 wt.%, no more than about 3.0 wt.%, no more than about 2.5 wt.%, greater than about 2.0 wt.%, no more than about 1.5 wt.%, no more than about 1.0 wt.%, and no. Greater than about 0.5 wt.%.

Item 78: The abrasive tool of item 74 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the cast iron comprises chromium in an amount of at least about 0.5 wt.%, at least about 1.0 wt.%, at least about 1.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the cast iron, At least about 2.0 wt.%, at least about 2.5 wt.%, at least about 3.0 wt.%, at least about 3.5 wt.%, at least about 4.0 wt.%, at least about 4.5 wt.%, and at least about 4.9 wt.%.

Item 79: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises chromium that is no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, and no greater than about 8 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt.%, and no more than about 1 wt. %, wherein the bonding material is substantially free of chromium.

Item 80: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises chromium in an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 1 wt.%, and at least about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material. .

Item 81: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises nickel that is no greater than about 10 wt.%, no greater than about 9 wt.%, no greater than about 8 wt% of the total weight of the bonding material. %, no more than about 8 wt.%, no more than about 7 wt.%, no more than about 6 wt.%, no more than about 5 wt.%, no more than about 4 wt.%, no more than about 3 wt.%, no more than about 2 wt. % and no more than about 1 wt.%, wherein the bonding material is substantially free of nickel.

Item 82: The abrasive tool of item 15, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises nickel at least about 0.1 wt.%, at least about 1 wt.%, and at least about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonding material. .

101, 102‧ ‧ steps

Claims (15)

An abrasive tool comprising: a body comprising: abrasive particles comprising a superabrasive material contained in a bonding material; and at least one high material ablation rate characteristic selected from the group consisting of: An adapted length of no more than about 1000 linear meters, a maximum initial velocity characteristic of at least about 10 m/min, a life of at least about 1000 linear meters, a refurbishment frequency of at least about 25 pieces/repair, and at least about 25% The workpiece is defect-free edge quality and its combination. A method of forming an abrasive tool, comprising: providing a mixture comprising: a bonding material, abrasive particles comprising a superabrasive material, an active bonding agent comprising a titanium-containing composition, and in the following At least one: at least one high material ablation rate characteristic selected from the group consisting of: an adapted length of no more than about 1000 linear meters, a maximum initial velocity characteristic of at least about 10 m/min, A life of at least about 1000 linear meters, a repair frequency of at least about 25 pieces/renovation, a workpiece of at least about 25% being defect-free edge quality, and combinations thereof; and forming the mixture into the abrasive tool. The abrasive tool of any of claims 1 and 2, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body does not substantially include an adaptation cycle. The abrasive tool or the method of forming an abrasive tool according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising at least one of: a tungsten-on-cast iron of no more than about 1 [W/CI The ratio of the copper-containing composition of not more than about 1 to the cast iron [CCC/CI], the ratio of the titanium-containing composition of not more than about 1 to the cast iron [TiCC/CI], and a ratio of not more than about 1. The ratio of tungsten carbide to cast iron [WC/CI], the ratio of tungsten carbide to copper-containing composition [WC/CCC] of not more than about 1, the copper-containing composition of not more than about 1.5, and the composition of titanium containing iron The ratio of [(CCC+TiC)/CI] and its combination. The abrasive tool of claim 4 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a nickel to cast iron of no more than about 1 The ratio of [Ni/CI]. The abrasive tool of claim 4 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of chromium to cast iron [Cr/CI] of no more than about 1. The abrasive tool of claim 4 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of titanium-containing composition to abrasive particles [TiCC/AP] of no greater than about 1. The abrasive tool of claim 4 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body further comprises a ratio of cast iron to abrasive particles [CI/AP] of no greater than about 1. The abrasive tool of claim 4, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises no more than about 10 wt.% of the titanium-containing composition of the total weight of the bonding material. The abrasive tool of claim 4, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises no more than about 10 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material of tungsten. The abrasive tool of claim 4, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises no more than about 50 wt.% of the total weight of the binding material of the copper-containing compound. The abrasive tool of claim 4 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the copper-containing compound comprises elemental copper. The abrasive tool of claim 12 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises no more than about 50 wt.% of elemental copper of the total weight of the bonding material. The abrasive tool of claim 4, or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the body comprises no more than about 20 wt.% of the total weight of the bonding material. The abrasive tool of claim 4 or the method of forming an abrasive tool, wherein the cast iron comprises no more than about 5 wt.% of the total weight of the cast iron.