TW201241474A - Electro wetting display - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrowetting device that can display a bright and high contrast display and also can carry out an even and high quality display, wherein each of a pair of substrates that forms a cell has a driving portion. The electrowetting device is formed by placing a first substrate that stores a first hydrophobic liquid material in a region surrounded by a first pixel wall and a second substrate that stores a second hydrophobic liquid material in a region surrounded by a second pixel wall with a hydrophilic material.

Description

201241474 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrowetting display. [Prior Art #f]. In recent years, electrowetting devices utilizing an electrowetting effect have attracted attention. Generally, in an electrowetting device, a pair of substrates are filled with a hydrophilic (high surface energy) liquid and a hydrophobic (low surface energy) liquid, and at least one substrate includes an electrode layer on the surface, and is formed. A hydrophobic intermediate layer (insulating layer) on the surface of the electrode layer (for example, see Patent Document). The electrowetting device has the following characteristics: if a voltage is applied between the hydrophilic liquid and the electrode layer via the hydrophobic intermediate layer, the hydrophilic liquid is attracted to the vicinity of the hydrophobic intermediate layer 'hydrophilic liquid and hydrophobic liquid The shape of the interface changes. The electrowetting device is used for an optical lens or display element or the like using such characteristics. Furthermore, in an electrowetting display using an electrowetting device in a display element, there is a method of combining color filters as one of methods for performing color display. However, in a display element in which a color filter is combined For example, when the display is performed in a reflection type, even if white is to be displayed, the light that penetrates the color-and-color light-slicing sheet is mixed, so that the light acquisition efficiency is lowered and the screen is darkened. Further, since the color of the single sound is reduced when the single color is not displayed, the saturation of the single sound is lowered, so that the obtained display element has a lower contrast. For example, a display element using an electrowetting device having a color filter has a problem of bright and high contrast color display. In the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, there is disclosed a method suitable for producing a layer of a liquid which forms a hydrophobic liquid on the surface of a substrate of an electrowetting display. In the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, the surface of the substrate is initially covered by a layer of a hydrophilic liquid. An opening of the dispenser is disposed inside the layer of the hydrophilic liquid and above the surface of the substrate, and the liquid is filled in the dispenser, and the liquid droplet of the hydrophobic liquid is formed in the opening of the dispenser and the substrate. Between the surfaces. The surface of the substrate includes a first region of hydrophobicity, each of the first regions being surrounded by a second hydrophilic region (pixel wall). If the dispenser is moved along the surface of the substrate, the droplet of the hydrophobic liquid is introduced to the first In the region, the hydrophilic liquid contacting the first region is replaced by a layer of a hydrophobic liquid, and the hydrophilic liquid contacting the second region is retained. In the method disclosed in the patent document, a processing apparatus developed for the purpose of being filled in an electrowetting device is required. Further, since it takes a relatively long time*, there is a problem that it is difficult to apply to a large substrate. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method of producing a container having a liquid introduction port and a liquid discharge port, which is electrically conductive (hydrophilic) and the other is insulating (hydrophobic). The second liquid in the second liquid is filled into the inside of the container, and then the second liquid is introduced to form an interface shape between the i-th and second liquids. However, in the method disclosed in Patent Document 2, there is a problem that the hydrophobic liquid partially aggregates to cause unevenness. [PRIOR ART DOCUMENT] [Patent Document 1] [Patent Document 1] International Publication WO 〇 5/098797 pamphlet [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 2 〇〇 · · 〇 〇 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide an electrowetting device which can perform color display with high brightness and high contrast. Further, it is an object of the invention to provide an electrowetting device which can perform high-quality display without unevenness. [Means for Solving the Problems] The electrowetting device according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that it constitutes a region in which one of the i-units has a driving portion for each of the substrates, and is surrounded by the second pixel wall. The second substrate in which the first hydrophobic liquid material is stored and the second substrate in which the second hydrophobic liquid material is stored in the region surrounded by the second pixel wall are bonded via a hydrophilic material. According to the electrowetting display of the present invention, the interface between each of the first hydrophobic liquid material and the second hydrophobic liquid material and the hydrophilic material can be made by independently driving the driving portions of the first substrate and the second substrate. Shape changes. Thus, for example, by using a region surrounded by the pixel walls on the second substrate side as a light-blocking shutter, light of various colors in a region surrounded by the pixel walls on the second substrate side can be selectively penetrated. As a result, full color display can be performed without using a color filter, so that a bright and high contrast color display can be performed. Further, in the electrowetting display, a liquid material having a light-shielding hydrophobic property may be stored as a first hydrophobic liquid material in a region surrounded by the first pixel wall, and surrounded by the second pixel wall. Two or more kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials containing a coloring material are stored in each of the regions as the second hydrophobic liquid material. 159002.doc 201241474 According to this configuration, the bright and high contrast color β can be realized. In the electrowetting display, the second hydrophobic liquid material can also correspond to RGB (Red, Green, Biue, Red). ,Green blue),

CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow), rggB (Red, Green, Green, Blue, Red, Green, Green, Blue), or Ruler (Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Red, Green) , blue, red). According to this configuration, the above-described bright and high contrast color can be realized. Further, in the electrowetting display, at least one of the regions lower than the respective pixel walls may be provided in at least one of the regions surrounded by the first pixel wall and the second pixel wall, or the height may be lower than The undulation of the above pixel walls. According to this configuration, by having protrusions or undulations, the hydrophobic liquid material stored in the region surrounded by the pixel walls has a portion having a larger thickness and a portion having a smaller thickness in a state where no voltage is applied, by having The portion having a small thickness can easily change the interface shape of the hydrophilic material and the hydrophobic liquid material when a voltage is applied. Therefore, when the voltage is applied, since the amount of the hydrophobic liquid material remaining in the pixel can be controlled, the concentration of the intermediate color can be controlled by controlling the value of the voltage lower than the applied maximum voltage, so that the color map can be favorably performed. Like the grayscale display. Further, in the above electrowetting display, the hydrophilic material may be a gel-like substance. According to this configuration, since the hydrophilic material contains a gel-like substance, the hydrophilic material can be applied to at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the two substrates. Thereby, the manufacturing steps of the electrowetting display can be simplified, 159002.doc 201241474 thereby reducing the cost. Further, in the electrowetting display, the height of at least one of the first pixel wall and the second pixel wall may be set to a height of the uncharged state of the hydrophobic liquid material stored therein. 2 times. According to this configuration, since the height of the pixel wall is set within a specific range, the hydrophobic liquid material can be favorably moved. Further, in the above electrowetting display, at least one of the second substrate and the second substrate may have a surface on the side of the pixel wall and the pixel wall may be hydrophobic. According to this configuration, not only the surface having the side of the pixel wall can be made hydrophobic, but also the pixel wall can be made hydrophobic, so that the hydrophobic liquid material can be more uniformly stored in the region surrounded by the pixel wall. An electrowetting device according to a second aspect of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the second substrate; and a second substrate disposed on the second substrate An electrowetting display of a hydrophobic liquid material in a region surrounded by the pixel walls, wherein the second substrate and the second substrate are disposed to face each other via a hydrophilic gel-like substance. According to the electrowetting display of the present invention, the first substrate having a layer containing a hydrophilic gel-like substance on the surface and the pixel wall surrounded by the surface can be separately prepared by using a hydrophilic gel-like substance. The second substrate having a layer containing a hydrophobic liquid uniformly in the region is formed by bonding the substrates to each other. Thereby, an electrowetting display of high quality without unevenness can be provided. Further, in the above electrowetting display, the hydrophobic liquid material may contain a hydrophobic solvent and a coloring material in I59002.doc 201241474. According to this configuration, the hydrophobic liquid material containing the coloring material is stored in the region surrounded by the pixel wall to provide a bright and high-contrast color display, and the electrowetting display contains the coloring of the different colors. Two or more kinds of the above hydrophobic liquid materials of the material may be separately stored in regions surrounded by the different pixel walls. According to this configuration, a display capable of displaying various colors can be provided. Further, in the above electrowetting display, the surface of the pixel wall and the second substrate on which the pixel wall is provided may be hydrophobic. According to this configuration, not only the surface having the side of the pixel wall can be made hydrophobic, but also the image can be made hydrophobic, so that the hydrophobic liquid material can be uniformly stored in the region surrounded by the pixel walls. Moreover, in the electrowetting display, the height of the pixel wall may be set to be 2 to 20 times the height of the stored hydrophobic liquid material in a state where no voltage is applied, and the height of the pixel wall may be between the cells. The gap is the same. In other words, even when each pixel is sealed by the pixel wall, the movement of the hydrophobic material, that is, the switching of the pixels can be performed. According to this configuration, since the height of the pixel wall is set within a specific range, the hydrophobic liquid material can be favorably moved. Further, in the above electrowetting display, the surface of the second substrate having the side of the pixel wall and the pixel wall may be hydrophobic. According to this configuration, since the surface having the side of the pixel wall can be made hydrophobic, the pixel wall can be made hydrophobic, so that the hydrophobicity can be more uniformly stored in the region surrounded by the pixel wall 159002.doc 201241474. Liquid material. [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, it is possible to perform a color with high brightness and high contrast. According to the present invention, it is possible to perform display with high quality without unevenness. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the electrowetting display of the present invention will be described. (First Embodiment) Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional configuration of an electrowetting display of the present embodiment, and Fig. 2 is a view for explaining an operation concept of the electrowetting display. Further, in Fig. 2, a simplified illustration of the constitution of the unnecessary portion will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, the electrowetting display 1 includes an i-th substrate 11 and a second substrate 120'. The substrates 11 and 120 are disposed opposite to each other via the hydrophilic layer 130. The hydrophilic layer 130 is disposed on the substrate 11 〇, ! 2) The area of the sealing member 140 that is disposed outside the circumference. The second substrate 120 includes a substrate 120A, a TFT (thin film transistor) 121, a wiring portion 122, a planarizing film 123, a pixel electrode 124, a common electrode 125, and an insulating film 126. The base material 120A is, for example, a panel substrate which is generally used as a display device such as glass, a resin molded body or a film. In the present embodiment, for example, glass is used. The pixel electrode 124 and the common electrode 125 are formed on the planarizing film 123, and are connected to the TFT 121 and the wiring portion 122 via the contact hole 123a. As a material constituting the pixel electrode 124 and the common electrode 125, ITO (Indium Tin Oxides) or A1 can be used. In the case where the IT0 is used as the electrode material of 15S002.doc 201241474, the electric wet display ITO is a so-called transmissive display having a light source (not shown) on the back side of the second substrate. Further, in the case where the sputum is used as the electrode material, the turbidity wetness display 100 becomes a so-called reflection type display which reflects external light on the surface of the electrode. The present invention is applicable to a transmissive, reflective, or transflective display. The mound electrode m is grounded via the wiring portion 122 and taken out to the outside. The first substrate uo is mainly composed of a substrate 嶋. The substrate iiOA is, for example, a panel substrate which is generally used as a display device such as glass, a resin molded body or a film. In the present embodiment, for example, glass is used. A transparent conductive film lu is formed on the surface of the substrate 110A. The transparent conductive film (1) includes, for example, ITO, IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide's indium oxide), and conductive polysilicon f electrical nanowire. Transparent conductive water (4). Become the same potential. Further, one of the transparent conductive sheets is formed so as to be taken out to the outside of the sealing member 140, and is externally connected to the common electrode 125 via the wiring portion 122 provided on the second substrate 120, and is grounded separately. Further, the surface of the transparent conductive film ill is hydrophilic. As a method of imparting hydrophilicity to the surface of the transparent conductive film ill, uv (u^raviolet 'UV) cleaning and plasma cleaning are effective, and a uniform hydrophilic surface can be obtained by using these methods. A pixel wall 127 is formed on the insulating film 126 of the second substrate 12A. The pixel wall 127 is formed in a lattice shape, and a plurality of pixels G are formed on the second substrate 12A. The pixel electrode 124 and the common electrode 125 are disposed in pairs in each of the pixels α, and a hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 is stored in a region partitioned by the pixel wall 127. I59002.doc 201241474 In the electrowetting display 100, by applying a specific voltage to the pixel electrode 124, as shown in FIG. 2, the hydrophobicity of the surface of the pixel electrode 124 is alleviated, and the hydrophilicity is enhanced, thereby attracting Hydrophilic layer 130. At this time, the hydrophobic liquid material 131 suitable for the pixel electrode 124 is changed in shape by being convex on the common electrode 125 by the force of the hydrophilic layer 130. As described above, by selectively moving the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in the pixel G onto the common electrode 125, the light passing through each pixel G can penetrate the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 and substantially penetrate the hydrophobic state. The state of the liquid material 13 1 is switched between. The present inventors have found that by causing the height of the pixel wall 127 to be higher than the maximum height of the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 when a voltage is applied, contamination of the display screen caused by the hydrophobic liquid 13 1 can be suppressed (display Uneven). That is, it has been found that it is preferable to set the height 像素 of the pixel wall 127 to 2 to 20 times the height Η1 of the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 in the unapplied voltage state (see Fig. 2). More specifically, the lower limit is preferably 2 to 5 times the height of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in a state where no voltage is applied, and the upper limit is preferably the height of the hydrophobic liquid material 13 i in a state where no voltage is applied. S~20 times. If the height of the pixel wall 127 is less than twice the height of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in a state where no voltage is applied, the hydrophobic liquid material 131 will accumulate on the pixel wall 127 when a voltage is applied, so that the pixel G cannot be made inside. The state of transparency. Further, sometimes the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 will pass over the pixel wall 127, so that the pigment liquid of the hydrophobic liquid material Π1 will flow into the peripheral pixel G. If the height of the pixel wall 127 exceeds 20 times the height of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in a state where no voltage is applied, the hydrophilic layer 130 pushes the 15S_002.doc 201241474 hydrophobic liquid material 131 to a very high voltage, thereby The TFTi2i needs to be voltage-' and sometimes easily short-circuited by leakage current. A more preferable lower limit of the height of the pixel wall 127 is 4 times the height of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in a state where no voltage is applied, and more preferably, the upper limit is 1高度 of the height of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in a state where no voltage is applied. Times. If the height of the pixel wall is within this range, and if the gap between the cells is the same length, even if each pixel is sealed by the pixel wall, that is, the surface of the pixel wall is hydrophobic, it is also possible to perform hydrophobic material. Move is the switching of pixels. The hydrophobic liquid material 131 contains a hydrophobic solvent and a coloring material. The hydrophobic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkane such as decane, undecane, dodecane or hexadecane, a polysiloxane or a fluorocarbon. These hydrophobic solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Further, the coloring material is not particularly limited, and for example, various pigments or dyes such as an inorganic system, a phthalocyanine, an azo or an organic compound such as hydrazine may be used. However, as a solution property for electrowetting, it is necessary to dissolve in a hydrophobic substance. In the liquid of the nature, it is not dissolved in the hydrophilic liquid, and the surface of the pigment or the dye may be suitably subjected to hydrophobic treatment. When the coloring material is not used, the hydrophobic solvent may be used as the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in the electrowetting display 1 of the present embodiment, and two or more kinds of hydrophobicities containing different colorants may be used. The liquid material 131 is stored in pixels G surrounded by different pixel walls 127, respectively. Thereby, even if a color filter is not provided on either of the second substrate ιι and the second substrate 120 side, multicolor display can be performed.

201241474 shows that in the case of performing color display, 'the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 ' stored in the pixel G surrounded by the pixel wall 127 is preferably used in three types (for example, corresponding to RGB (Red, Green, Blue) or CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) or 4 (for example, RGGB (Red, Green, Green, Blue) or RGBY (Red, Green, Blue,

Yellow)). In the present embodiment, each of the dyes of No. 403, No. 2, No. 4, and Red No. 225 (manufactured by Kyriad Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in hexadecane at a rate of 2 5 wt〇/〇 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Three kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials 13 1 which are produced in the production) are used as the above-mentioned coloring materials. The inventors of the present invention have found that by making all of the regions (pixels G) surrounded by the pixel walls 127 of the hydrophobic liquid material 疏水3 hydrophobic, it is possible to produce less unevenness in the pixel G and excellent responsiveness. Electrowetting device 丨〇〇. That is, the reason is that when the pixel wall 127 is hydrophilic, since the wettability of the hydrophilic layer 13G and the pixel wall 127 is high, and the wettability of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 and the pixel wall 127 is low, the self-pixel The energy of the hydrophilic layer 130 on the wall 127 surface changes toward the interface of the hydrophobic liquid material 131, and as a result, it becomes a cause of unevenness in voltage application. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the surface of the second substrate 120 having the side of the pixel wall 127 and the pixel wall 127 are provided with a hydrophobic property. As a method of imparting hydrophobicity, for example, a method of forming a hydrophobic intermediate layer (hydrophobic film) on the second substrate by applying a coating agent can be mentioned. In the embodiment L, a hydrophobic intermediate layer 128 is formed on the surface of the second substrate 12's side having the pixel wall 127 and the pixel 159002.doc •13·201241474. The coating agent to be used for forming the hydrophobic intermediate layer 128 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Teflon (registered trademark) and ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene).

C 〇P〇lymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), PVDF (PolyVlnylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride), polypropylene or other fluoropolymer or polymer. In the present embodiment, a Teflon solution is used as a coating agent. Thus, not only the surface of the second substrate 120 having the pixel wall 127 is made hydrophobic, but also the pixel wall 127 itself is hydrophobic, and it can be in the region (pixel G) of the second substrate 120 surrounded by the pixel wall 127. The hydrophobic liquid material 131 is uniformly stored. Further, the change in the interface shape between the hydrophilic layer 130 and the hydrophobic liquid material 131 when the stop voltage is applied can be increased, and the obtained electrowetting display 100 becomes responsive. Excellent and uneven reduction of high reliability. In the present embodiment, a hydrophilic gel-like substance is used as the hydrophilic layer 130. In the present specification, the term "gel-like" means a state of both flexibility and hardness. The flexibility is in a turbidity wet display. Appropriate flexibility to the extent of the change in the interface shape between the hydrophilic layer (hydrophilic layer 130) and the hydrophobic layer (hydrophobic liquid material 131) when the voltage is applied, which is, for example, at the time of the manufacturing step When the two substrates 11 〇 and 12 〇 are bonded together, they do not fall even if they face downward. Further, when the hydrophilic layer 130 is formed by coating, the coated surface is reversed downward, and when the coated surface is returned to the upper side again, the thickness of the hydrophilic layer is required to be The reverse and recovery operations have approximately the same thickness before and after. Preferably, the thickness distribution after the 159002.doc •14- 201241474 transfer and recovery operation is also approximately the same. Specifically, it is preferable that the average coating thickness Tave of the hydrophilic layer 130 after the inversion and recovery operation is 9% by weight or more of the thickness before the operation. Further, it is preferable that the maximum coating thickness Tmax and the minimum thickness Tmin are (Tmax_Tmin) / Tave < The gel-like substance constituting the hydrophilic layer 130 is a substance obtained by gelling a hydrophilic liquid. Further, it is preferred that the gelatinous substance be an elastic gel. The hydrophilic liquid is not particularly limited. For example, a liquid which is nonionic and has a relatively high polarizability is preferable. Specific examples thereof include water or a low molecular weight one or more of decyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol or the like. Alcohol, etc. These hydrophilic liquids may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Examples of the method of gelling the hydrophilic liquid include a method of adding a gelling agent to the hydrophilic liquid t, a method of lowering the temperature of the hydrophilic liquid, or a combination of the methods. As the gelling agent, a hydrophilic polymer, an inorganic gelling agent, a low molecular gelling agent or the like can be used. Examples of the hydrophilic polymer ° include polyethylene glycol and polyethylene. More than B, each bite, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate and other synthetic polymers, starch, fruit, specifically

For example, examples thereof include inorganic hydroxides such as silica dioxide and alumina. Inorganic oxides such as bamboo gasification and hydrogen are used as low molecular gelling agents, for example, 159002.doc -15· 201241474 exemplifies a surfactant having a long-chain alkyl group. The amount of the gelling agent is such that when a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 124 and the common electrode 125 in each pixel G of the electrowetting display 100, the hydrophobic liquid material 131 is not hindered from being enclosed by the pixel g surrounded by the pixel wall 127. The way of moving is adjusted appropriately. For example, in the case of using polyvinyl alcohol, the upper limit of the optimum amount is 1 〇 weight ° / 〇. Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the above-described electrowetting display 1 will be described with reference to Figs. 3 to 6 . First, as shown in FIG. 3, the second substrate 120 manufactured by the prior method is prepared, and a photoresist is used on the second substrate 120: SU_8 (manufactured by Chemicals Corporation, micr〇chem) to form a height of 40 μm. Pixel wall 127. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the second substrate 120 having the pixel wall 127 is rotated on the entire surface of the pixel wall 127 and the second substrate 120 by using a Teflon (§ main article trademark) solution: AF1600 (manufactured by DuPont). The hydrophobic intermediate layer 128 is applied by a coating method. Further, the hydrophobic pixel wall 27 may be formed using a dry photoresist or an acrylic photoresist. In the present embodiment, the surface of the second substrate 120 constituting the pixel wall 127 and the pixel G is made hydrophobic by the hydrophobic interlayer layer 28, so that the hydrophobic liquid disposed in each of the pixels G can be prevented. The material 13 is unevenly formed. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, three kinds of inkjet devices 1 are disposed in each of the pixels G of the second substrate 120 having the hydrophobic intermediate layer ι28; Hydrophobic Liquid Material 13 1 » Here, the 'hydrophobic liquid material 丨 3 1 is disposed in a region surrounded by a different pixel wall 127, respectively. Hydrophobicity disposed in the pixel 159 159002.doc -16· 201241474 The thickness of the liquid material 13 1 is set to 5 μπι. That is, in the present embodiment, the height Η of the pixel wall 127 is set to be eight times the height Η1 in the state where no voltage is applied (see Fig. 2). The method of disposing the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in the pixel G is not particularly limited. For example, in addition to the inkjet method, screen printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, dispensing, or the like may be used. When these methods are used, two or more kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials 13 1 containing different coloring materials can be stored in the pixels G surrounded by the different pixel walls 127, and the hydrophilicity can be configured by coating or the like as follows. The layer 130 can easily manufacture a display device capable of color display without providing a color filter for any of the i-th substrate ι 10 and the second substrate 12 。. Then, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are bonded via the hydrophilic layer 130. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 6, the substrate U0A (i-th substrate 11A) having the sealing member 140 disposed on the outer circumference is prepared, and the hydrophilic layer 13 is disposed inside the transparent conductive film iu. Then, the substrate Π0Α on which the hydrophilic layer 13 is disposed is vertically inverted, and the first substrate ι is bonded to the second substrate 120 via the sealing member 14A. At this time, since the hydrophilic layer 130 contains a gel-like substance, the thickness does not largely change even when the upper and lower sides are reversed. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the hydrophilic layer 丨3 〇 is obtained by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., "U20") in a water content of 2% by weight. The aqueous solution of the dilute alcohol is made into a hydrophilic gel-like substance. The gel-like substance which is known to be hydrophilic is applied to the substrate 10A of the second substrate 11 by a blade coater so as to have a coating thickness of 100 μΓΠ. The face. A78 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied as a photocurable sealing member 140 by a dispenser on the i-th substrate 11A coated with the above-mentioned hydrophilic layer 13〇 by a frame drawn by i59002.doc • 17-201241474. Thereby forming a seal pattern. The first substrate u coated with the hydrophilic layer 130 (hydrophilic gel-like substance) on the second substrate 120 in which the hydrophobic liquid material 131 is stored in each of the pixels G is attached to the atmosphere via the sealing member 140 In combination, the sealing member 140 is cured by irradiating light of 1 〇〇〇mj with an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp having a center wavelength of 365 nm, whereby the electrowetting display 1 can be manufactured. According to the present embodiment, since the hydrophilic layer 丨3 〇 contains a gel-like substance, the hydrophilic layer 13 disposed on the first support plate 11〇 does not fall even if it is located on the lower side, so that the reel method can be used. The first support plate Π0 and the second support plate 120 are easily bonded together. The method of disposing the hydrophilic layer 130 on one surface of the first substrate 110 is not limited to the above method. For example, a method of coating by a roll coater or a slit coater or the like may be used. Further, as the hydrophilic layer 13 流体, a fluid (sol) containing a material which is gelatinized at the time of coating or coating after the first substrate 110 or a hydrophilic liquid or a gelling agent may be used. . Further, the step of disposing the hydrophilic layer 13 on one surface of the first substrate 110 and the step of applying the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 in the pixel G surrounded by the pixel wall 127 of the second substrate 120 may be performed first. They can also be carried out side by side. Further, the first substrate 1010 to which the hydrophilic layer 130 is applied and the second substrate 120 are bonded to each other, whereby the electrowetting display 1 can be manufactured. The electrowetting display 1 obtained by the above procedure was observed under a microscope, and as a result, it was confirmed that the hydrophobic liquid material 1 3 1 was uniformly stored in the 159002.doc.

201241474 is within the pixel G surrounded by the pixel wall 127. The pixel electrode 124 of the display loo is applied at a pulse voltage of 0 V/20 V for 30 Hz, and as a result, the interface shape of the hydrophobic liquid material 131 and the hydrophilic layer 130 changes in response to the rise and fall of the voltage', and as shown in FIG. 2, The opening and closing of the pixel region caused by the movement of the hydrophobic liquid material 13 can be observed. As described above, according to the electrowetting display 1 of the present embodiment, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are bonded via the hydrophilic layer 130 containing the gel-like substance. Therefore, since the first substrate 110 having the hydrophilic layer 13A on the surface and the second support plate 120 uniformly containing the hydrophobic liquid material 131 in the pixel g surrounded by the pixel wall 127 on the surface can be separately prepared, The display in which the substrates 110 and 120 are bonded to each other is of high quality without unevenness. Further, even if the first substrate 11 to which the hydrophilic layer 130 is applied is reversed and inverted, the shape of the hydrophilic layer 130 can be suppressed. Therefore, the processing of the first substrate 110 during the manufacture of the turbidity wet display becomes easy. And the productivity is improved, so that the cost can be reduced. Further, even when two or more kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials 131 containing different coloring materials are stored in the adjacent pixels G, the hydrophilic liquid layer 131 is covered by the gel-like hydrophilic layer 130 having a higher viscosity. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the color of the materials from being mixed with each other to cause color mixture, which causes a problem of deterioration in display quality. Further, by adjusting the viscosity of the hydrophilic layer 130, the hydrophobic liquid material 131 can be moved at a south speed at the time of voltage application, thereby providing a display excellent in high-speed response. 159002.doc •19· 201241474 And 'in the previous method of manufacturing the electrowetting display, only the hydrophobic liquid of i kind of color can be used, in order to make the electrowetting display obtained multi-color display' It is necessary to additionally provide a color filter on either the first substrate 110 side or the second substrate side. On the other hand, in the manufacturing method of the electrowetting display 100 of the present embodiment, two or more kinds of the hydrophobic liquid materials 13 1 containing different coloring materials are respectively stored in the pixel wall 127 surrounded by different pixels. In the case of the pixel G, the multi-color display can be performed even if the color filter is not provided. According to the present embodiment, the height Η of the pixel wall 127 is set to the height Η1 of the unapplied voltage state (see FIG. 2). ～20 times, it is possible to display a high-quality image that suppresses contamination (display unevenness) of the display screen caused by the hydrophobic liquid 13 1 . Further, since the surface of the second substrate 120 having the side of the pixel wall 127 and the pixel wall 12 are made hydrophobic by the hydrophobic intermediate layer 128, the hydrophobic liquid material 131 is uniformly stored in the pixel G, and When the voltage is applied, the change in the interface shape between the hydrophilic layer 130 and the hydrophobic liquid material 131 is accelerated. Thus, it is possible to display an image of high quality with excellent responsiveness and reduced unevenness. In the above embodiment, the electrowetting display 100 (display element) having a structure in which the first substrate 11A and the second substrate 120 are bonded to each other by the hydrophilic layer 130 containing a gel-like substance has been described. Appropriately changing the material used as the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 can be used not only as an electrowetting device suitable for display elements but also as an electrowetting device applicable to optical lenses, dimming elements, hot wire control elements, and the like. . •20- 159002.doc

201241474 (Second Embodiment) The present inventors have found that a driving method having a driving portion (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an up-and-down driving method) is employed on a substrate on the upper and lower sides in a unit of an electrowetting device. When the display (10) is shown as an element, it can be displayed in (4) color display with high contrast, thereby completing the configuration of this embodiment. Hereinafter, the configuration of the second embodiment of the electrowetting display will be described. The same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted or simplified. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the electrowetting display of the second embodiment, Figs. 8 and 9 are views for explaining the operation of the electrowetting display, and Fig. 8 is for not showing the electrode on the upper surface side. When a voltage is applied to change the state of the interface between the hydrophilic material and the hydrophobic liquid material (white display state), FIG. 9 is a state different from that of FIG. 8 (a color display state other than the white display). . Further, in Figs. 8 and 9, the drawings of the components which are not required in the description are simplified. As shown in Fig. 7, the electrowetting display 2 of the present embodiment includes a first substrate 210 and a second substrate 220, and the substrates 21A and 22B are disposed to face each other via the hydrophilic material 230. The hydrophilic material 23 is disposed in a region partitioned by the sealing member 14 provided along the outer periphery of the substrates 21, 220, and 220. In the present specification, the term "unit" means a region in which the hydrophilic material 230 and the following hydrophobic liquid materials 231 and 232 which are generated between the first substrate 21A and the second substrate 220 are disposed. Further, in the sealing member 140, an inter-substrate conductive portion 14A that electrically conducts between the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220 is buried. The first substrate 210 includes a substrate 210A, a TFT 211, a wiring portion 212, a flat surface 159002.doc • 21 - 201241474, a film 213, a pixel electrode 214, a common electrode 215, and an insulating film 216. The substrate 210A includes, for example, glass or a resin molded body. Or a film or the like is generally used as a panel substrate of a display device. In the present embodiment, for example, glass is used. The pixel electrode 214 and the common electrode 215 are formed on the planarizing film 213, and are connected to the TFT 211 and the wiring portion 212 via the contact hole 213a. A conductive portion 218 that is electrically connected to the second substrate 220 side via the inter-substrate conductive portion 140a provided in the sealing member 140 is formed at an end portion of the substrate 210A. The conductive portion 218 is in contact with the hydrophilic material 230' to have the same potential. Further, the conductive portion 218 is electrically connected to the common electrode 2 15 via the wiring portion 212 in a region not shown. A first pixel wall 217 is formed on the insulating film 216 of the first substrate 210. The first pixel wall 217 is formed in a lattice shape, and a plurality of pixels G1 are defined on the first substrate 21A. The pixel electrode 214 and the common electrode 215 are arranged in pairs in each of the pixels G1. A hydrophobic liquid material (first hydrophobic liquid material) 231 is stored in a region (pixel G1) partitioned by the first pixel wall 217. On the other hand, the second substrate 220 includes a substrate 220A, a TFT 221, a wiring portion 222, a planarizing film 223, a pixel electrode 224, a common electrode 225, and an insulating film 226. The substrate 220A includes, for example, a glass substrate, a resin molded body, or a film, which is generally used as a panel substrate of a display device. In the present embodiment, for example, glass is used. The pixel electrode 224 and the common electrode 225 are formed on the planarizing film 223 and are connected to the TFT 221 and the wiring portion 222 via the contact hole 223a. A conductive portion 228 which is partially exposed to the outside of the sealing member is formed at an end portion of the base material 220A. The conductive portion 228 is in contact with the hydrophilic material 230' to have the same potential. The conductive portion 228 is externally connected to the common electrode 225 provided on the second substrate 220, and is grounded. Also, the conductive part •22· I59002.doc

201241474 228 is electrically connected to the common electrode 215 on the first substrate 210 side via the inter-substrate conductive portion 140a provided in the sealing member 140. Thereby, the common electrode 21 5 on the side of the first substrate 21 is electrically connected via the conductive portion 228. The same potential (grounded state) as the common electrode 225 on the second substrate 220 side. Further, it is preferable that a plurality of the inter-substrate conductive portions 140a and the conductive portions 218 and 228 are provided in the cell, whereby the potential unevenness of the hydrophilic material 230 in the cell can be eliminated. A second pixel wall 227 is formed on the insulating film 226 of the second substrate 210. The second pixel wall 227 is formed in a lattice shape, and a plurality of pixels G2 are drawn on the second substrate 22A. The pixel electrode 224 and the common electrode 225 are arranged in pairs in each pixel G. A hydrophobic liquid material 232 is stored in a region (pixel Q2) partitioned by the second pixel wall 227. Here, the second pixel wall 217 formed on the first substrate 210 side and the second pixel wall 227 formed on the second substrate 220 side are overlapped in a plan view. In other words, the pixel G1 partitioned by the first pixel wall 217 and the pixel G2 partitioned by the second pixel wall 227 overlap each other in a plan view. The hydrophilic material 230 is not particularly limited, and for example, a liquid which is nonionic and highly polarizable is preferable, and specific examples thereof include water or a low molecular weight one or more of decyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol or the like. Alcohol and so on. These hydrophilic liquids may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The hydrophilic material 230 may be gelled or sol-geled as described in the above-described embodiment, and the hydrophobic liquid material 231 may be any liquid having a light-shielding hydrophobic property. 'For example, if you use a hydrophobic solvent that contains dyes and/or pigments that do not pass visible light, 159 002 002 159 159 159 159 159 , 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水 疏水A hydrocarbon, a polyoxygenated oil, or an alkane or a hexadecane may be used alone or in combination with two or more of them. In addition, the above-mentioned dyes may be used, for example, the helmets may be used without any special restrictions or dyes, and as a material in various pigmentary liquids such as = or azo organic systems (4), it must be "dissolved in hydrophobic = medium: It is not dissolved in the hydrophilic liquid t, and the hydrophobic treatment can be used on both sides. For example, there is an aerobic-reducing substance such as iron or chromium, or a Ketjen black sputum: a complex of an iron-specific metal is also used. In the present embodiment, a hydrophobic pigment mixture obtained by dissolving carbon having a hydrophobic surface at a concentration of 5 wt% in a sixteenth courtyard is used as the hydrophobic liquid material 23 1 . Further, the above hydrophobic liquid The material 232 may contain a hydrophobic solvent and a coloring material. The hydrophobic material may be (4) as described above, and the coloring material is not particularly limited. For example, various pigments or dyes such as inorganic m azo or onion can be used. However, as a property of (4) wet solution, it must be dissolved in a hydrophobic liquid 'not dissolved in a hydrophilic liquid, and (4) when the surface of the pigment or dye is subjected to hydrophobic treatment. Formal electricity In the display 2, two or more kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials 232 containing different coloring agents are respectively stored in the pixels G2 surrounded by the different second pixel walls 227. Thereby, even if the i-th substrate 210 and A color filter may be disposed on any of the second substrate 220 side, and may be displayed in a multi-color display of 159002.doc • 24-201241474. When the color display is performed, it is stored in the second pixel wall 227. Preferably, the hydrophobic liquid material 232 in the pixel G2 is used in three types (for example, corresponding to RGB (Red, Green, Blue) or CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow)) or four (for example, corresponding to RGGB (Red, Green, Green, Blue) or RGBY (Red, Green, Blue,

Yellow)). In the present embodiment, each of the dyes of the blue 403, the yellow 204, and the red 225 (manufactured by Kyriad Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used in a manner of 2.5 wt% to be used in the hexagram (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.). Three types of hydrophobic liquid materials 232 are used as the above-mentioned coloring materials. In the electrowetting display 200, 'the specific polarity (for example, 30 V) is applied to the pixel electrode 224 by the second substrate 220 side. The hydrophobicity of the surface of the pixel electrode 224 is alleviated, and the hydrophilicity is enhanced, thereby attracting the hydrophilicity. Material 230. At this time, the hydrophobic liquid material 232 suitable for the pixel electrode 224 is changed in shape by being convex on the common electrode 225 by the force of the hydrophilic material 230. As described above, by selectively moving the hydrophobic liquid material 232 in the pixel G2 onto the common electrode 225, the color of light passing through each pixel G2 can be modulated. On the other hand, in the electrowetting display 200, since a specific voltage (for example, 30 V) is applied to the pixel electrode 214 on the side of the first substrate 21, the degree of hydrophobicity of the surface of the pixel electrode 214 is alleviated, and the hydrophilicity becomes strong. Thereby, the hydrophilic material 230 can be attracted. At this time, the hydrophobic liquid material 231 suitable for the pixel electrode 214 is changed in shape by the force of the hydrophilic material 23 于 on the common electrode 215 so as to become convex 159002.doc -25· 201241474 (refer to FIGS. 8 and 9). . As described above, by selectively moving the light-shielding hydrophobic liquid material 23 1 in the pixel G1 to the common electrode 215, it functions as a baffle that blocks or blocks each pixel G1. As shown in FIG. 8, since the hydrophobic liquid materials 23 1 and 232 are moved in a convex shape in all of the pixels G1 and G2, an image of white can be displayed. Further, 'as shown in FIG. 9', by merely moving the hydrophobic liquid material 23 1 corresponding to the pixel G1 of a specific color in a convex shape, the light of the other pixels is shielded by the light-shielding hydrophobic liquid material 23 1 . Therefore, an image of a specific color can be displayed. In other words, when the first pixel wall 21 7 and the second pixel wall 227 are hydrophilic, the hydrophobic liquid material 23 is formed because the wettability of the hydrophilic material 23 〇 and the pixel walls 217 and 227 is increased. 1, 232 and the wettability of each of the pixel walls 21, 227 are reduced, so the energy change from the hydrophilic material 230 to the interface of the hydrophobic liquid materials 231, 232 on the surface of the pixel walls 2, 7, 227 becomes the result The cause of the unevenness in the application of voltage. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the surface of the first substrate 21 having the first pixel wall 217 and the surface of the i-th pixel wall 217 and the second substrate 22 having the second pixel wall 227 are provided. The second pixel wall 227 on the surface is provided with a hydrophobic structure. As a method of imparting hydrophobicity, a hydrophobic intermediate layer 丨28 using a Teflon solution is formed in the same manner as the second liquid. In this way, not only the surfaces of the pixel walls 217 and 227 of the i-th substrate 21 and the second substrate 22 are made hydrophobic, but also the pixel walls 217 and 227 themselves are made hydrophobic, and the second substrate 21 can be formed on the second substrate 21 and In the second substrate 22, the hydrophobic liquid materials 23 1 and 232 are more uniformly stored in the regions (pixels G1, G2) surrounded by the walls 159002.doc • 26- 201241474. Further, the change in the interface shape between the hydrophilic material 230 and the hydrophobic liquid materials 231 and 232 at the time of application of the stop voltage can be accelerated, and the obtained electrowetting display 2 can be made highly responsive. . The electrowetting display 200 has a configuration in which "the driving portion is provided on the upper and lower substrates" based on such a configuration. Thereby, the color required for each pixel G2 is displayed by moving the hydrophobic liquid material 232 onto the common electrode 225 in the desired pixel G2 on the second substrate 220 side, and by the first substrate 21 0 side In the pixel G1, the hydrophobic liquid material 213 is moved to the common electrode 215, and the light from the corresponding pixel 〇2 is penetrated, thereby eliminating the need for the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220. A color dimming light can be displayed on one of them to display a full color image. Further, since each of the pixels G1 on the side of the first substrate 21 functions as a shutter, an image with high brightness and high contrast can be displayed. Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the above-described electrowetting display 200 will be described. First, the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220' manufactured by the conventional method are prepared by using a photoresist: SU·8 (manufactured by Chemicals Microchem Co., Ltd.) on the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220 to have a height of 40. The height of μιη forms the first pixel wall 217 and the second partition wall 227, respectively. Then, the first substrate 210 having the first pixel wall 217 and the second substrate 220 having the second pixel wall 227 are made of Teflon (registered trademark) solution: AF 1600 (manufactured by DuPont). The hydrophobic intermediate layer 128 is applied by spin coating on the entire surface of the pixel wall 217 and the second pixel wall 227 15SO02.doc -27·201241474 and the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220. Further, the hydrophobic pixel walls 217 and 227 may be formed using a dry photoresist or an acrylic photoresist. In the present embodiment, the surface of the pixel walls 217 and 227 and the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220 constituting the pixels G1 and G2 are made hydrophobic by the hydrophobic intermediate layer 128. The hydrophobic liquid materials 231, 23 in each of the pixels 〇1, G2 are not uniform. Then, a light-shielding hydrophobic liquid material 231 is disposed in each of the pixels G1 of the first substrate 210 having the hydrophobic intermediate layer 128 by an ink jet device. Similarly, three kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials 232 are disposed in each of the pixels G2 of the second substrate 22 having the hydrophobic intermediate layer 128 by an ink jet device. After the hydrophobic liquid materials 23 1 and 232 are disposed, they are placed at a normal temperature. Thus, the thickness of the hydrophobic liquid materials 23 1 and 232 disposed in the pixels G1 and G2 is set to 5 μm. That is, in the present embodiment, the degree of enthalpy of the pixel walls 217 and 227 is set to be eight times the height Η1 of the hydrophobic liquid materials 231 and 232 in the state where the voltage is not applied. The method of disposing the hydrophobic liquid materials 23 1 and 232 in the pixels G1 and G2 is not particularly limited. For example, in addition to the inkjet method, screen printing, slit coating, soft-plate printing, gravure printing, and dots may be used. Glue method, spin coating method, and the like. Then, the second substrate 21A is bonded to the second substrate 220 via the hydrophilic material 230. Specifically, the base material 210 (the second substrate 210) of the sealing member 140 is disposed along the outer circumference, and the hydrophilic material 23 is disposed inside the substrate 210 Α (the second substrate 210). The hydrophilic material 230 may be a gel-like substance f obtained by adding a gel I59002.doc •28·201241474 to a hydrophilic liquid, and may be an electric substance. When the wet display 100 is manufactured, it is gelled by lowering the temperature or the like, and is returned to the liquid state at normal temperature after the production. By using such a gelator, that is, in the case of facilitating up-and-down reversal, since the thickness is not changed in a large range, the substrate 210A can be reversed upside down and the i-th substrate 210 can be replaced via the sealing member 14? The second substrate 220 is bonded well. The hydrophilic material 23 of the film may be applied to one side of the transparent film surface to bond the hydrophilic material 23 of the film to the first pixel wall 217 side of the second substrate 2 ι, and further to the film. On the other hand, the hydrophilic material 230' is applied to the second pixel wall 227 side of the second substrate 220, and the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220 are bonded to each other. As described above, according to the electrowetting display 2 of the present embodiment, since the hydrophilic material 231 having the light-shielding property can be driven by the electrowetting effect in the pixel G2 on the first substrate 2 10 side, it is obtained. Bright and contrasting images. Further, according to the present embodiment, since the height η of the pixel wall 217'227 is set to 2 to 20 times the degree 尚1 in the state where the voltage is not applied, it can be suppressed that the hydrophobic liquid 23 1 and 232 are caused. A high-quality image showing contamination (uneven display) of the screen. Further, since the surfaces of the first substrate 210 and the second substrate 220 having the sides of the pixel walls 2 and 227 and the pixel walls 217 and 227 are rendered hydrophobic by the hydrophobic intermediate layer 128, the hydrophobic liquid materials 23 1 and 232 Uniformly stored in the pixels G1, G2, and the change in the interface shape between the hydrophilic material 230 and the hydrophobic liquid material 23 1 , 232 when the voltage is stopped is applied, 159002.doc •29· 201241474 It can display high-quality images with excellent responsiveness and uneven variation. Further, the electrowetting display 2A of the second embodiment and the electrowetting display 100 of the first embodiment apply a pulse voltage of 20 V at a period of 10 Hz, and evaluate the contrast of the display image. The contrast of the emollient display 100 of the first embodiment is 1 〇 or less, and the contrast of the electrowetting display 200 of the second embodiment is 20. It can be confirmed that the contrast can be improved by adopting the structure of the above-described driving method as in the present embodiment. (Evaluation) The effect of the electrowetting display of the present invention (the presence or absence of occurrence of unevenness of display) will be described below. Table 1 shows the evaluation results relating to the presence or absence of the occurrence of unevenness of display. The embodiment 1 in Table 1 is in the electrowetting display 200 of the second embodiment, and the carbon black having a hydrophobic surface is made 5 wt. The concentration of % is dissolved in the sixteenth courtyard and is used as a hydrophobic liquid material 232. Further, in Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, the electrowetting display having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment was used except that the height of the first pixel wall 217 was set to 5 μm. Further, in Comparative Example 2, the hydrophobic intermediate layer 28 is formed only on the surface of the second substrate 220, and the second substrate wall 227 is not subjected to a hydrophobic treatment to include the second substrate 220 having the hydrophilic second pixel wall 227. Other than this, it corresponds to an electrowetting display having the same configuration as that of Embodiment 1. 159002.doc -30· 201241474 [Table 1] shows that when no voltage is applied when uneven voltage is applied, Example 1 〇〇 Comparative Example 1 〇 X Comparative Example 2 X 〇 In this evaluation, 'Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Each of the displays of 2 is set longitudinally' and a pulse voltage of 20 V is applied in a period of 1 Hz. Further, after 1 hour of application, when voltage is applied or when no voltage is applied, 'there is no display unevenness in each electrowetting display, and "X" is displayed as unevenness. The results of the assessment of the unevenness of the noodles are not shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, it can be confirmed that when the height of the first pixel wall 21 7 is set to 5 μm lower than that of the first embodiment as in the case of the comparative example, the display is not displayed when no voltage is applied. The result is based on the fact that the height Η1 of the first liquid crystal wall 217 is defined by the southness Η1 of the hydrophobic liquid material 231. It is confirmed that the first pixel wall 2丨7 is as in the first embodiment. The height η is set to be 2 to 20 times the height 疏水1 of the hydrophobic liquid material 23 1 in a state where no voltage is applied, so that contamination of the display screen caused by the hydrophobic liquid 231 can be suppressed (display unevenness). (1) When the second pixel wall 227 is made hydrophilic as compared with the first embodiment as in the case of the comparative example 2, display unevenness occurs when a voltage is applied. The result is in addition to the second substrate 22 The effect of making the second pixel wall 227 hydrophobic is also important in addition to the surface. That is, if the second pixel wall 227 is also hydrophobized as in the first embodiment, the application of voltage can be suppressed. 159002.doc -31· 201241474 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may be In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the pixels G of the hydrophobic liquid materials 131, 231, and 232 may be stored as appropriate, as shown in FIG. The protrusions 50 lower than the pixel walls 127, 217, and 227 are formed in G1 and G2. Alternatively, the undulations lower than the pixel walls 127, 217, and 227 may be formed instead of the protrusions 50. By having the protrusions 50 or the above-mentioned undulations, The hydrophobic liquid material 13ι, 231, 232 stored in the region (pixels G, G1, G2) surrounded by the pixel walls 127, 217, 227 has a larger thickness portion and a thickness than that in a state where no voltage is applied. a small portion, and by a portion having a smaller thickness, the hydrophilic liquid (hydrophilic layer 13 or hydrophilic material 230) and the hydrophobic liquid material 13 1 , 23 1 , 232 can be easily made when a voltage is applied. The shape of the interface is changed. Thus, since the amount of the hydrophobic liquid material 13ι, 231, 232 remaining in each of the pixels G, G1, G2 can be controlled with high precision, the control can be made lower than the maximum applied. The value of the voltage is high The concentration of the intermediate color is controlled in a controlled manner, whereby the gray scale display of the color image can be satisfactorily performed. [Brief Description of the Drawing] Fig. 1 is a view showing the cross-sectional configuration of the electrowetting display of the first embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 3 is a view showing the manufacturing steps of the electrowetting display of the second embodiment. 159002.doc

S -32· 201241474 FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a manufacturing step subsequent to FIG. 3. Figure 5 is an explanatory view of the manufacturing steps subsequent to Figure 4. Fig. 6 is an explanatory view of a manufacturing step subsequent to Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the electrowetting display of the second embodiment. Fig. 8 is a view showing a white display state. Fig. 9 is a view showing a state of color display. The figure shows the structure of the modification. [Main component symbol description] 50 protrusion 100 electrowetting display 110 first substrate 120 second substrate 127 pixel wall 128 hydrophobic intermediate layer 130 hydrophilic layer 131 hydrophobic liquid material 200 electrowetting display 210 first substrate 217 first pixel Wall 220 Second substrate 227 Second pixel wall 231 Hydrophobic liquid material (first hydrophobic liquid material) 232 Hydrophobic liquid material (Second hydrophobic liquid material) 159002.doc • 33-

Claims (1)

201241474 VII, the scope of application for patents: l An electrowetting display, which constitutes one of the units, has a driving part for each of the substrates, and a second hydrophobic liquid material is stored in the area surrounded by the first pixel wall. The first substrate of the material and the second substrate in which the second hydrophobic liquid material is stored in the region surrounded by the second pixel wall are bonded together via a hydrophilic material. The electrowetting display of claim 1, wherein a hydrophobic liquid material having a light-shielding property is stored as a first hydrophobic liquid material in a region surrounded by the second pixel wall, and the second pixel wall is Two or more kinds of hydrophobic liquid materials containing a coloring material are stored in each of the surrounding regions as the second hydrophobic liquid material. 3. The electrowetting display of claim 2, wherein the second hydrophobic liquid material corresponds to RGB (Red, Green, Blue), CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yell〇w), RGGB (Red, Green, Green) , Blue), or RGBY (Red, Green, Blue, Yellow). 4. The electrowetting display according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the regions surrounded by the first pixel wall and the second pixel wall is disposed at a height lower than each pixel The protrusion or height of the wall is lower than the undulation of the pixel wall. 5. The electrowetting display of any one of clauses 4 to 4 wherein the hydrophilic material is a gelatinous substance. 6. The electrowetting display of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the height of at least one of the second pixel 159002.doc 201241474 wall and the second pixel wall is set to the respective hydrophobic liquid stored therein The material is 2 to 20 times the height of the unapplied voltage state. 7. The electrowetting display according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate has a surface on a side of the pixel wall and the pixel wall is hydrophobic. An electrowetting display comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; and a hydrophobic liquid material stored in a region surrounded by a pixel wall provided on the second substrate The first substrate and the second substrate are disposed to face each other via a hydrophilic gel-like substance. 9. The electrowetting display of claim 8, wherein the hydrophobic liquid material comprises a hydrophobic solvent and a colored material. 10. The electrowetting display of claim 9, wherein the two or more hydrophobic liquid materials containing the coloring materials of different colors are respectively stored in regions surrounded by the different pixel walls. The electrowetting display according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the surface of the pixel wall and the second substrate on which the pixel wall is provided is hydrophobic. 12. The electrowetting display of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the height of the pixel wall is set to be 2 to 20 times the height of the stored hydrophobic liquid material in an unapplied voltage state. 13. The electrowetting display according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the surface of the second substrate having the side of the pixel wall and the pixel wall are hydrophobic. 159002.doc S