201203785 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 [0001] 本發明有關於一種模組化電池組及其能量管理系統與方 法。 [0002] [先前技術】 環保的意識已經深植於每一個人心中，世界各國亦朝節 能減碳的方向不斷地努力，汽車工業也是不遺餘力地朝 此方向努力，致力研發電動車以有效地達到節能減碳的 目的。 〇 [0003] 電動車係以電池的電力提供給電動感應馬達，藉由電能 產生旋轉磁場，而使馬達驅動車輛。因此不會有汽油揪 燒時所產生的廢氣’可以大大地改善環境的空氣品質， 並大量地減少二氧化碳的排放。 [0004] G 而電動車的電力設計，現階段是由複數個電池（cell) 組成一電池模組（module) λ再由複數個電池模組構成 一電池組（battery pack)。值得注意的是，能滿足行 駛中、長程距離的電動車，一般稱為全功能車（fuU performance car)，此種車輛的電池組其體積十分龐 大，且重量重達數百公斤。當該電池組電力耗盡時，必 須將整個電池組卸下更換，也因體積及重量問題的限制 ，造成更換上的不便。 [0005] 此外，由一些文獻上可知，無論是國内或國外，9〇%的 099122907 車每日行駛里程數皆不到100公里。換句話說，設計用來 提供行駛中、長程距離的電力並不常被使用，意即上述 全功能型態的電動車若僅用來通勤，因行駛距離短，固 表單煸號A0101 第3頁/共15頁 衣 n 0992040363-0 201203785 [0006] [0007] 定體積及重量的雷、、―. 、、、、，並,、、、法依據電動車行駛的距離 而進仃調整，電動車拖著笨重的電池組反而增加了行敬 的負荷’也浪費電池組許多的能量。 也因為上述問題’電動車也發展出城市車（City car) 的態I意即將上述之電池組（㈤㈣的電力 及尺寸縮小’轉門提供短程距離行馼。當然，如此設 计也直接齡車輛巾、長程韓的行駛能力。 【發明内容】 有鑑於此’本發明提供—種模組化電池組及其能量管理 系統與方法’係可在模組化電池組内設計可獨立供電及 可各別卸下替換的子電池組，因此可針對模組化電池組 之對應負載的能4需求，來決定搭載在模減電池組内 ，子電池組的數量，以在能提供足夠的電力下，更能使 δ玄模組化電池組達到輕量化。 [0008] X明之第-態樣提供一 __電池紐，係由複數個 構成-電池模組編奶 池組構成該模組化電池組（pack) vg . ^ ^ 卞電池組可 獨立供電，並可從該模組化電池組中卸下，其中子 組搭載於_組化電池㈣的數量，可根據對應=電池 載的能量需求予以決定。 負 [0009] 很踩本發明之第一態樣之模組化電池組， 希 丹T，該些子 電池組以並聯方式電性連接，該些電池模組以並聯方式 電性連接，而該些電池以並聯及串聯方式電性連接。" 099122907 表單編號A0101 第4頁/共15頁 0992040363-0 201203785 [0010] 此外，上述電池例如是18 6 5 0規格的裡電池。另外，上述 負載的能量需求例如是指一電動車作動（高速、爬坡… )或滿足里程距離所需的電力。 [0011] 本發明之第二態樣係提供一種模組化電池組之能量管理 系統，該能量管理系統除第一態樣所提及之模組化電池 組外，還包括複數個電池管理系統（Battery Manage-ment System，BMS)及一電池控制單元（Battery Control Unit ， BCU)。 Ο [0012] 該些電池管理系統分別用以監控每一子電池組之電量狀 態（State of Charge，S0C)。而該電池控制單元用 以接收每一電池管理系統所監控之子電池組之電量狀態 ，並根據電量狀態通知選定的電池管理系統，以控制相 對應之子電池組之供電。 [0013] 此外，該些電池管理系統更可分別監控每一子電池組之 健康狀態（State of Health，S0H)。 ◎ [0014] 本發明之第三態樣係提供一種模組化電池組之能量管理 方法，該方法包含下列步驟： [0015] 首先，根據一能量需求，取得每一子電池組之電量狀態 。接著，將電量狀態低於放電臨界值（threshold)的 子電池組關閉。最後，從未被關閉的子電池組中，選擇 電力能滿足該能量需求的一子電池組，並開啟該子電池 組供電。 [0016] 此外，當上述單一子電池組無法滿足該能量需求時，更 包含從未被關閉的子電池組中，選擇電力加總後能滿足 099122907 表單編號A0101 第5頁/共15頁 0992040363-0 201203785 該能量需求的複數個子電池組，並同時開啟該些子電池 組供电的步驟。而上述所提之複數個子電池組，是以能 滿足該能量需求的最小數量為優先。 [0017] [0018] [0019] [0020] 099122907 另外，在執行將電量狀態低於放電臨界值的子電池組關 閉之步驟的同時，更可包括提供一卸下該子電池組之訊 息的步驟。 【實施方式】 參考以下附圖以說明本發明之較佳實施例。 圖1為本發明之模組化電池組之結構的示意圖。在圖丨中 f ，模組化電池维10係由子電池组20、22、24以並聯方式 彼此電性連接所構成。其中，子電池組20係由複數個電 池模組12以並聯方式彼此電性連接所構成’電池模組12 内部則是由複數個電池（圖未示，通常是1865〇規格的鋰 電池）以並聯及串聯方式電性連接所構成。同樣地，子 電池组22 ( 24 )係由複數褊電池棋組丨14116)以並聯方 式彼此電性連接所構成，電池模組14K16)内部則是由 複數個電池（圖未示）以並聯及串聯方式電性連接所構 成。 較詳細的說，在本實施例中，以電池模組12為例，電池 模組態樣I : 60P2S是表示60個電池並聯連接為一組，再 將這樣相同的兩組並聯電池串聯連接而成為電池模組12 ;或者，電池模組態樣Π : 40P2S是表示4〇個電池並聯 連接為一組，再將這樣相同的兩組並聯電池串聯連接而 成為電池模組12 ;或者，電池模組態樣IU : 2〇p2S是表 示20個電池並聯連接為-組’再將這樣相同的兩組並聯 表單編號A0101 第6頁/共15頁 0992040363-0 201203785 [0021] [0022]❹ [0023] Ο [0024] [0025] 電池串聯連接而成為電池模組1 2。 值得注意的是，本發明之模組化電池組10之子電池組20 、22、24是設計可獨立供電，並可各自從模組化電池組 10内卸下更換。換言之，這樣的設計可針對模組化電池 組10之對應負載的能量需求，來決定搭載在模組化電池 組1 0内之子電池組的數量。 以本實施例而言，上述模組化電池組10之對應負載意指 一電動車作動（高速、爬坡…）或滿足里程距離所需的 電力。假設電動車需要行駛中、長距離，可將三組子電 池組20、22、24全部搭載於模組化電池組10内（即稱滿 載），而當電動車僅需要行駛短距離，可將一組子電池 組20或兩組子電池組20、22搭載於模組化電池組10内（ 即稱輕載或半載）即可滿足能量需求。 而本實施例所提之電池、電池模組及子電池組的數量僅 作為說明之用，並非侷限本發明之應用範圍，整體係取 決於對應負載的能量需求。 圖2為本發明之模組化電池組之能量管理系統的電路方塊 圖。在圖2中，能量管理系統30包含上述所提之模組化電 池組10、電池管理系統32、34、36及電池控制單元38。 模組化電池組10内搭載子電池組20、22、24。電池管理 系統32、34、36分別監控每一個子電池組20、22、24之 電量狀態（State of Charge，SOC)，並根據電量狀態 通知選定的電池管理系統32、34、36，以控制相對應之 子電池組20、22、24之供電。較詳細的說，電量狀態顯 099122907 表單編號A0101 第7頁/共15頁 0992040363-0 201203785 示可以傳送多少電荷，用電池之額定功率的百分比來表 示。另外，電池管理系統32、34、36亦可分別監控每一 個子電池組20、22、24之健康狀態（State of Health ，SOH)，健康狀態表示電池可以儲存多少電荷，用以淘 汰使用壽命已盡的電池。 [0026] 以本實施例而言，電池控制單元38在常態下接收每一個 電池管理系統32、34、36所監控之子電池組20、22、24 之電量狀態與健康狀態。當電池控制單元38在匯流排40 接收一電動車作動（高速、爬坡…）的能量需求時，根 據子電池組20、22、24之電量狀態通知每一個電池管理 系統32、34、36，並選擇以那一子電池組來供電。 [0027] 圖3為本發明之模組化電池組之能量管理方法的流程圖。 參考圖1及2之組件以說明圖3之步驟流程。 [0028] 首先，根據一能量需求（例如加速、爬坡等負荷增加的 情況），取得每一個電池組之電量狀態（步驟S50)。接 著，判斷是否有子電池組之電量狀態低於放電臨界值（ threshold)(步驟S52) ?若有，則將電量狀態低於放 電臨界值的子電池組關閉（步驟S54)。接著，從未被關 閉的子電池組中，選擇一電量狀態能滿足該能量需求的 子電池組，並開啟該子電池組供電。（步驟S56)。接著 ，判斷該單一子電池組能否持續滿足該能量需求（步驟 S58) ?當上述單一子電池組無法滿足該能量需求時，即 從未被關閉的子電池組中，選擇電力加總後能滿足該能 量需求的複數個子電池組，並同時開啟該些子電池組供 電（步驟S60)。 099122907 表單編號A0101 第8頁/共15頁 0992040363-0 201203785 [0029] 而上述所提之複數個子電池組，是以能滿足該能量需求 的最小數量為優先。換言之，本模組化電池組的能量管 理方法特色在於：係將單一子電池組的電力耗盡為主， 而當該子電池組無法滿足能量需求時，才開啟其他子電 池予以協助。 [0030] 此外，在執行上述將電量狀態低於放電臨界值的子電池 組關閉之同時，更可包括提供一卸下該子電池組之訊息 的步驟（圖未示）。如此一來，即可根據該訊息，提醒 0 駕駛須去電池站更換子電池組。 [0031] 綜上所述，本發明模組化電池組及其能量管理系統與方 法，以運用在電動車領域為例，其可根據電動車行駛的 距離或作動所需的能量需求，在模組化電池組中搭載不 同數量個子電池組。若要滿足全功能車（full performance car) 的長程需求 ，即可將所有 的子電池組滿 載於模組化電池組中；反之，若僅要滿足城市車的短程 需求，即可將部份的子電池組半載（或輕載）於模組化 〇 電池組中，以減少模組化電池組的重量，並減少電動車 行駛的負荷。如此一來，本發明除可滿足電動車的基本 性能需求外，同時可滿足電動車的續航力》 [0032] 雖然本發明已參照較佳具體例及舉例性附圖敘述如上， 惟其應不被視為係限制性者。熟悉本技藝者對其形態及 具體例之内容做各種修改、省略及變化，均不離開本發 明之申請專利範圍之所主張範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 [0033] 圖1為本發明之模組化電池組之結構的示意圖； 099122907 表單編號A0101 第9頁/共15頁 0992040363-0 201203785 [0034] 圖2為本發明之模組化電池組之能量管理系統的電路方塊 圖；以及 [0035] 圖3為本發明之模組化電池組之能量管理方法的流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 [0036] 10 模組化電地組 [0037] 12 電池模組 [0038] 14 電池模組 [0039] 16 電池模組 [0040] 20 子電池組 [0041] 22 子電池組 [0042] 24 子電池組 [0043] 30 能量管理系統 [0044] 32 電池管理系統 [0045] 34 電池管理系統 [0046] 36 電池管理系統 [0047] 38 電池控制單元 [0048] 40 匯流排 099122907 表單編號A0101 第10頁/共15頁 0992040363-0201203785 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] [0001] The present invention relates to a modular battery pack and an energy management system and method thereof. [0002] [Prior Art] The awareness of environmental protection has been deeply rooted in everyone's minds. Countries around the world are constantly striving for energy conservation and carbon reduction. The automobile industry is also making every effort to work in this direction, and is committed to developing electric vehicles to effectively achieve energy conservation. The purpose of carbon reduction. 〇 [0003] Electric vehicles are supplied to the electric induction motor with the power of the battery, and the electric motor generates a rotating magnetic field to cause the motor to drive the vehicle. Therefore, there is no exhaust gas generated when gasoline is burned, which can greatly improve the air quality of the environment and greatly reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. [0004] G The electric power design of the electric vehicle is composed of a plurality of batteries (cells) and a battery pack (battery pack). It is worth noting that an electric vehicle that can meet the long-distance and long-distance distance is generally called a fuU performance car. The battery pack of this type of vehicle is very large and weighs hundreds of kilograms. When the battery pack is exhausted, the entire battery pack must be removed and replaced, and the inconvenience of replacement is caused by the limitation of volume and weight. [0005] In addition, it is known from some literatures that, at home or abroad, 9% of the 099122907 vehicles have a daily mileage of less than 100 kilometers. In other words, the power designed to provide driving distance and long-distance distance is not often used, which means that the above-mentioned full-function electric vehicle is only used for commuting, because the driving distance is short, and the solid form is nickname A0101. / Total 15 pages n 0992040363-0 201203785 [0006] [0007] The volume and weight of the thunder, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Dragging the bulky battery pack has increased the load of the gods, and it also wastes a lot of energy in the battery pack. Also because of the above problem, the electric car has also developed the state of the city car. I intend to provide the short-distance distance for the above-mentioned battery pack ((5) (four)'s power and size reduction. Of course, this design is also a direct-age vehicle. The invention provides a modular battery pack and an energy management system and method thereof. The design can be independently powered in a modular battery pack and can be independently provided. Do not remove the replacement sub-battery pack, so the number of sub-batteries installed in the die-reduced battery pack can be determined for the energy requirement of the corresponding load of the modular battery pack, so that sufficient power can be supplied. The δ 玄 modular battery pack can be made lighter. [0008] The first aspect of X Ming provides a __battery, which is composed of a plurality of components - a battery module milking pool group. (pack) vg . ^ ^ 卞The battery pack can be powered independently and can be removed from the modular battery pack. The number of subgroups mounted on the _group battery (4) can be based on the corresponding = battery load energy requirements. Decision. Negative [0009] The modular battery pack according to the first aspect of the present invention, the Xidan T, the sub-batteries are electrically connected in parallel, the battery modules are electrically connected in parallel, and the batteries are connected in parallel Electrical connection in series. " 099122907 Form No. A0101 Page 4 / Total 15 Page 0992040363-0 201203785 [0010] Further, the above battery is, for example, a battery of the specifications of 18 6 50. In addition, the energy demand of the above load is, for example, Refers to an electric vehicle actuation (high speed, hill climbing...) or power required to meet the mileage distance. [0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides an energy management system for a modular battery pack, the energy management system In addition to the modular battery pack mentioned in one aspect, a plurality of Battery Management System (BMS) and a Battery Control Unit (BCU) are also included. [0012] The batteries The management system is respectively configured to monitor the state of charge (S0C) of each sub-battery group, and the battery control unit is configured to receive the state of charge of the sub-battery group monitored by each battery management system. And the selected battery management system is notified according to the state of the power to control the power supply of the corresponding sub-battery. [0013] In addition, the battery management system can separately monitor the health of each sub-battery (State of Health, S0H). [0014] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for energy management of a modular battery pack, the method comprising the following steps: [0015] First, according to an energy demand, the state of charge of each sub-battery is obtained. . Next, the sub-battery whose state of charge is lower than the discharge threshold (threshold) is turned off. Finally, from the sub-battery that has not been turned off, a sub-battery whose power can meet the energy demand is selected, and the sub-battery is turned on. [0016] In addition, when the single sub-battery group cannot satisfy the energy demand, and further includes the sub-battery group that has never been turned off, the selected power sum can satisfy 099122907 Form No. A0101 Page 5 / Total 15 Page 0992040363- 0 201203785 The energy needs a plurality of sub-batteries, and simultaneously turn on the power supply steps of the sub-batteries. The plurality of sub-batteries mentioned above are given priority in the minimum amount that can satisfy the energy demand. [0020] [0020] 099122907 In addition, while performing the step of turning off the sub-battery whose state of charge is lower than the discharge threshold, the method further includes the step of providing a message for removing the sub-battery. . [Embodiment] The following drawings are used to explain preferred embodiments of the present invention. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a modular battery pack of the present invention. In the figure f, the modular battery dimension 10 is formed by electrically connecting the sub-battery groups 20, 22, 24 in parallel. The sub-battery unit 20 is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of battery modules 12 in parallel. The inside of the battery module 12 is composed of a plurality of batteries (not shown, usually a lithium battery of 1865 〇 specifications). It is composed of parallel connection and series connection. Similarly, the sub-battery 22 ( 24 ) is formed by electrically connecting the plurality of battery packs 14116 ) in parallel, and the battery module 14K16 is internally connected by a plurality of batteries (not shown). It is composed of a series connection and electrical connection. In more detail, in the present embodiment, taking the battery module 12 as an example, the battery module configuration I: 60P2S means that 60 batteries are connected in parallel as a group, and then the same two sets of parallel batteries are connected in series. Become the battery module 12; or, the battery module configuration sample: 40P2S means that 4 cells are connected in parallel as a group, and then the same two sets of parallel batteries are connected in series to become the battery module 12; or, the battery module Configuration sample IU: 2〇p2S means that 20 batteries are connected in parallel as a group - then the same two groups of parallel form numbers A0101 Page 6 / Total 15 pages 0992040363-0 201203785 [0021] [0022] ❹ [0023 [0024] The batteries are connected in series to become the battery module 12. It should be noted that the sub-batteries 20, 22, 24 of the modular battery pack 10 of the present invention are designed to be independently powered and can be individually removed from the modular battery pack 10. In other words, such a design can determine the number of sub-batteries that are carried in the modular battery pack 10 for the energy requirements of the corresponding load of the modular battery pack 10. In the present embodiment, the corresponding load of the modular battery pack 10 means an electric vehicle operating (high speed, climbing...) or power required to meet the mileage distance. Assuming that the electric vehicle needs to travel long distances, all three sets of sub-battery packs 20, 22, and 24 can be mounted in the modular battery pack 10 (that is, full load), and when the electric vehicle only needs to travel a short distance, A set of sub-battery packs 20 or two sets of sub-battery packs 20, 22 are mounted in the modular battery pack 10 (ie, light or semi-loaded) to meet energy requirements. The number of batteries, battery modules and sub-batteries provided in this embodiment is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention, and the overall depends on the energy requirements of the corresponding load. 2 is a circuit block diagram of an energy management system for a modular battery pack of the present invention. In FIG. 2, energy management system 30 includes the modular battery pack 10, battery management systems 32, 34, 36 and battery control unit 38 described above. The sub-battery packs 20, 22, and 24 are mounted in the modular battery pack 10. The battery management systems 32, 34, 36 monitor the state of charge (SOC) of each of the sub-batteries 20, 22, 24, respectively, and notify the selected battery management system 32, 34, 36 based on the state of charge to control the phase. The power supply of the corresponding sub-battery packs 20, 22, 24 is provided. In more detail, the power status is displayed. 099122907 Form No. A0101 Page 7 of 15 0992040363-0 201203785 Shows how much charge can be transferred, expressed as a percentage of the rated power of the battery. In addition, the battery management systems 32, 34, 36 can also monitor the state of health (SOH) of each of the sub-batteries 20, 22, and 24, respectively, and the health status indicates how much charge the battery can store to eliminate the service life. The battery is exhausted. In the present embodiment, the battery control unit 38 receives the state of charge and health status of the sub-batteries 20, 22, 24 monitored by each of the battery management systems 32, 34, 36 under normal conditions. When the battery control unit 38 receives an energy demand for the electric vehicle actuation (high speed, climbing...) at the bus bar 40, each battery management system 32, 34, 36 is notified according to the state of charge of the sub-batteries 20, 22, 24. And choose to use that sub-battery to supply power. 3 is a flow chart of an energy management method for a modular battery pack of the present invention. Referring to the components of Figures 1 and 2 to illustrate the flow of the steps of Figure 3. [0028] First, according to an energy demand (for example, an increase in load such as acceleration or hill climbing), the state of charge of each battery pack is obtained (step S50). Next, it is judged whether or not the state of the sub-battery is lower than the discharge threshold (step S52). If so, the sub-battery whose state of the electric charge is lower than the discharge threshold is turned off (step S54). Then, from the sub-battery that has not been turned off, a sub-battery whose state of charge can satisfy the energy demand is selected, and the sub-battery is turned on. (Step S56). Then, it is judged whether the single sub-battery group can continuously satisfy the energy demand (step S58). When the single sub-battery group cannot meet the energy demand, that is, the sub-battery group that has not been turned off is selected, A plurality of sub-batteries satisfying the energy demand, and simultaneously turning on the sub-battery power supply (step S60). 099122907 Form No. A0101 Page 8 of 15 0992040363-0 201203785 [0029] The above-mentioned plurality of sub-batteries are given priority in that the minimum number of energy requirements can be satisfied. In other words, the energy management method of the modular battery pack is characterized in that the power of the single sub-battery is depleted, and when the sub-battery fails to meet the energy demand, the other sub-cells are turned on to assist. [0030] In addition, while performing the above-mentioned closing of the sub-battery group whose electric quantity state is lower than the discharge threshold value, the step of unloading the sub-battery group (not shown) may be further included. In this way, according to the message, the reminder 0 driving must go to the battery station to replace the sub-battery pack. [0031] In summary, the modular battery pack and the energy management system and method thereof are used in the field of electric vehicles, and can be based on the distance traveled by the electric vehicle or the energy demand required for the operation. A different number of sub-battery packs are mounted in the assembled battery pack. To meet the long-range needs of a full performance car, all sub-batteries can be fully loaded into the modular battery pack; conversely, if you only need to meet the short-range needs of the city car, you can The sub-battery is half-loaded (or lightly loaded) in the modular battery pack to reduce the weight of the modular battery pack and reduce the load on the electric vehicle. In this way, in addition to meeting the basic performance requirements of the electric vehicle, the present invention can satisfy the endurance of the electric vehicle. [0032] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments and exemplary drawings, it should not be regarded as For the restriction. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, omissions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a modular battery pack of the present invention; 099122907 Form No. A0101 Page 9 of 15 0992040363-0 201203785 [0034] FIG. 2 is a model of the present invention Circuit block diagram of an energy management system for a battery pack; and [0035] FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an energy management method for a modular battery pack of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] [0036] 10 Modular electric ground group [0037] 12 Battery module [0038] 14 Battery module [0039] 16 Battery module [0040] 20 Sub-battery unit [0041] 22 Sub-battery Group [0042] 24 Sub-Battery [0043] 30 Energy Management System [0044] 32 Battery Management System [0045] 34 Battery Management System [0046] 36 Battery Management System [0047] 38 Battery Control Unit [0048] 40 Bus Bar 099122907 Form No. A0101 Page 10 / Total 15 Page 0992040363-0