200928250 九、發明說明： t 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係係為一種強制循環式太陽能集熱器（一）， 藉導流隔板、紊流產生器等之設計，以改善太陽能熱水器 之效能。 【先前技術】 隨著油價的飆漲，地球的暖化效應，人類追求替代能 源之需求愈加迫切，其中最常應用的一項便是太陽能。傳 Ο統上’有關太陽能應用例子很多’市面上已有一般類似之 太陽能熱水器先前技術產品出現，例如台灣專利第 84203166號、第93214374號所揭示者。 太陽能熱水器依其循環方式分類主要可分為：（1)「強 制循環」式（forced circulation);與（2)「自然循環」 式（natural circulation)。其中「自然循環」式是利用 流體本身之密度變化所產生之自然對流機制來做循環與熱 〇交換’此種方式常用於熱水用量較少之一般家庭用太陽能 熱水器。而「強制循環」式，則是利用水泵將水驅動循環 於收集器及熱水儲存容器之間做強制熱流熱交換，此種方 式常用於熱水用量較多之工廠、醫院、旅館及機關學校等。 太陽fb熱水器之構造主要由集熱器（c〇iiect〇r)與蓄 熱器（storage tank)兩大部分組成’其中集熱器是技術 關鍵’它直接關係到太陽能熱水器之使用性能，與能否正 常運行之環境溫度條件。目前廣泛應用於太陽能熱水器之 集熱器’主要為「玻璃真空管式」（glass evacuated tube) 200928250 這-類集熱器。它採用一個真空夾層來進行集熱器之隔熱 保溫，因此在熱能线㈣、熱損率與誠效率方面，玻 ，真空管式較佔優勢。尤其是應用在中高溫集熱時8〇 C )’或是在低太陽輻射時，其效果更加明顯。因此，近年 來玻璃真空管式集熱器之使用量有逐漸增加之趨勢。200928250 IX. Description of the invention: t [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is a forced circulation type solar collector (1), which is designed to improve solar water heaters by using a deflector, a turbulence generator, and the like. efficacy. [Prior Art] With the soaring oil prices and the warming effect of the earth, the demand for alternative energy sources is becoming more and more urgent. One of the most commonly used is solar energy. There are many examples of solar energy applications on the market. There are already similar technologies for solar water heaters on the market, such as those disclosed in Taiwan Patent No. 84203166 and No. 93214374. According to the classification of solar water heaters, they can be mainly divided into: (1) "forced circulation"; and (2) "natural circulation". The “natural circulation” type is a natural convection mechanism generated by the density change of the fluid itself for circulation and heat exchange. This method is commonly used in general household solar water heaters with less hot water consumption. The "forced circulation" type uses a water pump to circulate water between the collector and the hot water storage container for forced heat exchange. This method is often used in factories, hospitals, hotels and institutions with high water consumption. Wait. The structure of the solar fb water heater is mainly composed of two parts: the collector (c〇iiect〇r) and the storage tank. The heat collector is the key to the technology. It is directly related to the performance of the solar water heater. Ambient temperature conditions for normal operation. The current collectors widely used in solar water heaters are mainly "glass evacuated tubes" 200928250. It uses a vacuum interlayer to conduct thermal insulation of the collector, so in terms of thermal energy line (4), heat loss rate and honest efficiency, glass and vacuum tube type are dominant. Especially when applied at 8 〇 C )' during medium-high temperature heat collection or at low solar radiation, the effect is more obvious. Therefore, the use of glass vacuum tube collectors has gradually increased in recent years.
玻璃真空管式集熱器依其從真空管中將熱導出之方 式，玻璃真空管式集熱器可再分為3種，即「熱管式」（“豺 pipe)、「U型金屬管式」（u—tube)與「全玻璃式」uii glass)。其中全玻璃式太陽真空管式集熱器，係採用雙層 玻璃套管，内玻璃管一端為封閉之圓頂形狀，另一端與外 玻璃管一端熔封成環狀之開口端，並在内外圓管之間抽成 高真空，具有結構最簡單，製造成本低之優點。 由於全玻璃式太陽真空管式集熱器之外形具有單一開 口，及利用將工作流體（一般為水）充滿内層玻璃管，並 直接與太陽能做直接熱交換之特性，使工作流體只能藉由 此單一開口，在同一個開口截面下同時做流入與流出之雙 (逆）向循環熱交換；加上全玻璃式太陽真空管之外形十 分細長（直徑約10⑽，長度約使得工作流體 之流動更為困難。甚至在靠近玻璃管底部附近形成一段停 滯區（stagnation region)，令流入之冷水無法流到玻璃 管就被擠出管外，造成沒有充分之時間、接觸面積與真空 管内壁之高溫熱源做熱交換，而大大影響真空管之集熱= 能。另由於工作流體在玻璃管内之流動速度低，加上玻璃 管面十分光滑，故全玻璃式太陽真空管内之流動一般皆屬 200928250 '層流（laminar)流場，其與玻璃管内壁表面之熱傳效果， 比起具有高擾動與混合效果之紊流流場還差。 如第五、六圖所示者。集熱裝置之水套⑷由保溫層 (A1)封閉而成，水套（A) 一端為冷水進口（A2)，另一 端為熱水出口（A3)。水套（A) —邊側壁連接有真空管（B) 曝囉於太陽光下。當真空管（B)吸收陽光之熱能之後，敎 能進入真空管⑻内壁，並與從冷水進口（A2)流進水^ ❹（A)内部後，再由水套（A)内部向下流入真空管⑻中 之冷水進行熱交換，熱交換後之熱水再從真空管（B)内呷 向上流出並進入與其連接之水套（A)中，然後再從水套J) 之熱水出口（A3)流出去使用。但習用之「強制循環」式 產品在系統循環時，由於真空管（B)為一端封閉的形狀^ 徵，往往使得部分冷水無法完全順利的流入真空管（B)内 部底端，來與真空管（B)内壁進行完整的熱交換，就被先 刖停留在真空管（B)内部的水排擠而流出真空管（b )外， 〇而直接從熱水出口（A4)流出去，造成該集熱裝置的集熱 效能降低。另流入水套（A)下層内之冷水與靠近冷水進口 (A2)之上游處的真空管（B)所加熱後之熱水，往往會產 生混合，使流入下游真空管（B)中加熱的冷水溫度升高， 造成冷水與真空管内壁之間的熱交換介面溫差降低，而影 響整體太陽能熱水器之集熱功效。 〜 故習用之「強制循環」式產品存有此等缺點，本發明 即是針對此等缺點加以設計改良，避免使流入水套之之冷 水與真空管加熱後流出真空管之熱水混合，或是增加工作 7 200928250 流體流工作流體流進/出真空管之順暢度，或增加工作流體 與真空管内壁之接觸面積與熱交換時間，或將真空管内之 流場變成奈流’俾增加其擾動與混合效果，以提昇真空管 内部之熱交換能力’改善太陽能熱水器之整體效能，故申 請人特提出本發明之申請。 【發明内容】 本發明係以解決習見之強制循環式太陽能熱水器，其 ❹效率無法加以增強提昇之問題者。 、 本發明係提供一種強制循環式太陽能集熱器（一）， 其係包括水套、真空管，水套一端為冷水進口另一端為 J水出口，其中：水套内設置有-導流隔板，將水套内部 空間區分為上、下兩個空間，冷水進口係位於下空間，而 熱水出口係位於上空間，而導流隔板延伸入真空管内部， 使真空管内部亦區隔為上、下兩個空間。 上述之真空管内部之總長度L，且延伸入真空管内部之 ❹飢，板總長度Li ’且在該導流隔板上，每隔適當之間隔 Sr，設置適當數目Nr之紊流產生器。 上述之 0<1^<1^或 〇<U = l。 上述之Sr〈或=Li 。 上述之Nr〉或=1。 上述之水套係由保溫層封閉而成。 上述之真空管係採用全玻璃式太陽真空集熱管。 上述之紊流產生器為一凸出物或凹孔。 本發明之優點在於··藉導流隔m產生器等之設 200928250 -計’得以避免使部分冷水尚未流入真空管内部加熱就流 出，及避免冷水熱水混合，使熱交換介面之溫差降低。利 用蒼流’來增加流入真空管内部加熱之冷水的擾動效果， 以提昇冷水與真空管内壁之間的熱交換能力，改善太陽能 熱水器之整體效能。 【實施方式】 首先請參閱第一、二圖所示，本發明係包括水套（1)、 真空管（2)，水套（1 )係由保溫層（丨丨）封閉而成，水 套（1)之一端為冷水進口（12)，另一端為熱水出口（13)， 其中：水套（1)内設置有一導流隔板（14)，將水套（1) 内部空間區分為上空間（15)、下空間（16)，冷水進口 (12)係位於下空間（16)，而熱水出口（13)係位於上 空間（15) ’而導流隔板（⑷延伸入真空管⑴内部使 真空管（2)内部亦區隔為上空間（21)、下空間（22)， 另，導流隔板（14)延伸入真空管（2)之部份兩側均設有 ❹複數紊流產生器（23)，而該紊流產生器（23)係可為凸 出物或凹孔，圖式中以凸出物表示。 上述之真空管（2)係採用全玻璃式太陽真空集熱管。 使用時h第二、四圖所示，冷水由冷水進口（12) 進入水套⑴之下空間（16)，再進入真空管 之下空間（22)，經過一組紊 門司 過時產生擾流，能夠將真*# f ，水流通 變為紊= 部之低速流場提前轉 為紊 叮增加其擾動與混合效果，以提昇真空管 内P之熱乂換效果，充分混合後產生之熱水再由真空管（2) 9 200928250 之上空間（21)流出， (23)，之後進入水套 水出口（13)釋出。 流出時亦會經過另 (1 )内部之上空間 一組紊流產生器 (15) ’而由熱 請參閱第四圖，本發明之導流隔板（14)係 空管（2)内部’當真空管（2)内邻魄真洛炎T 具 Μ 總長度為L，係取適當 之長度Li為導流隔板（14)延伸入真空管⑴内部The glass vacuum tube type collector can be further divided into three types according to the way of heat extraction from the vacuum tube, that is, "heat pipe type" ("豺pipe", "U type metal tube type" (u —tube) and “all glass” uii glass). The all-glass type solar vacuum tube type collector adopts a double-layer glass sleeve, and the inner glass tube has a closed dome shape at one end, and the other end and the outer glass tube are sealed at one end into a ring-shaped open end, and the inner and outer circles are rounded. The high vacuum is drawn between the tubes, which has the advantages of the simplest structure and low manufacturing cost. Since the all-glass solar vacuum tube collector has a single opening, and the working fluid (generally water) is filled with the inner glass tube and directly exchanges heat with the solar energy, the working fluid can only be used thereby Single opening, simultaneous double-flow (reverse) cyclic heat exchange between the inflow and outflow under the same opening cross section; plus the all-glass solar vacuum tube is very slender (about 10 (10) in diameter, the length is about making the working fluid flow more difficult Even in the vicinity of the bottom of the glass tube, a stagnation region is formed, so that the inflowing cold water can not be flowed out of the glass tube and is extruded outside the tube, resulting in insufficient time, contact area and heat exchange with the high temperature heat source of the inner wall of the vacuum tube. , and greatly affect the heat collection of the vacuum tube = energy. Because the flow velocity of the working fluid in the glass tube is low, and the glass tube surface is very smooth, the flow in the all-glass solar vacuum tube is generally 200928250 'Laminar' The flow field, which has a heat transfer effect with the inner surface of the glass tube, is more turbulent than the high disturbance and mixing effect. The flow field is still poor. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the water jacket (4) of the heat collecting device is closed by the insulation layer (A1), and the water jacket (A) has a cold water inlet (A2) at one end and hot water at the other end. Outlet (A3). Water jacket (A) - The side wall is connected with a vacuum tube (B) exposed to sunlight. When the vacuum tube (B) absorbs the heat of sunlight, the crucible can enter the inner wall of the vacuum tube (8) and is imported from the cold water ( A2) After flowing into the water ^ ❹ (A), the cold water flowing into the vacuum tube (8) from the inside of the water jacket (A) is exchanged for heat exchange, and the hot water after the heat exchange flows upward from the inside of the vacuum tube (B). Enter the water jacket (A) connected to it and then use it from the hot water outlet (A3) of the water jacket J). However, in the "compulsory circulation" type of products used in the system, because the vacuum tube (B) is closed at one end, it is often impossible for some of the cold water to flow smoothly into the inner bottom end of the vacuum tube (B) to the vacuum tube (B). The complete heat exchange of the inner wall is carried out by the water remaining inside the vacuum tube (B) and flowing out of the vacuum tube (b), and directly flowing out from the hot water outlet (A4), causing heat collection of the heat collecting device. Reduced performance. The hot water heated in the lower layer of the water jacket (A) and the hot water (B) heated near the upstream of the cold water inlet (A2) tend to mix, so that the temperature of the cold water flowing into the downstream vacuum tube (B) is heated. When it rises, the temperature difference between the cold water and the inner wall of the vacuum tube is lowered, which affects the heat collecting effect of the overall solar water heater. ~ The "forced circulation" type of products that are used in practice have these shortcomings. The present invention is designed to improve these shortcomings, and avoids mixing the cold water flowing into the water jacket with the hot water flowing out of the vacuum tube after heating the vacuum tube, or increasing Work 7 200928250 Fluid flow The flow of working fluid into/out of the vacuum tube, or increase the contact area and heat exchange time between the working fluid and the inner wall of the vacuum tube, or turn the flow field in the vacuum tube into a flow of gas, increasing the disturbance and mixing effect. In order to improve the overall heat efficiency of the solar water heater by improving the heat exchange capacity inside the vacuum tube, the applicant has filed an application for the present invention. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to solving the problem of the forced circulation solar water heater of the prior art, which cannot be enhanced and improved. The invention provides a forced circulation type solar collector (1), which comprises a water jacket and a vacuum tube, wherein one end of the water jacket is a cold water inlet and the other end is a J water outlet, wherein: the water jacket is provided with a flow guiding partition The inner space of the water jacket is divided into upper and lower spaces, the cold water inlet is located in the lower space, and the hot water outlet is located in the upper space, and the deflector partition extends into the inside of the vacuum tube, so that the inside of the vacuum tube is also partitioned, The next two spaces. The total length L of the inside of the vacuum tube described above, and the stagnation of the inside of the vacuum tube, the total length of the plate Li', and the appropriate number of Nr turbulence generators are disposed at appropriate intervals Sr on the baffle. The above 0 < 1 ^ < 1 ^ or 〇 < U = l. The above Sr < or = Li. The above Nr> or =1. The above water jacket is closed by an insulation layer. The above vacuum tube system uses an all-glass solar vacuum heat collecting tube. The above turbulence generator is a protrusion or a recess. The advantage of the present invention is that the arrangement of the flow divider m generator and the like is such that the partial cold water does not flow into the interior of the vacuum tube to be heated, and the mixing of the cold water and hot water is avoided, so that the temperature difference of the heat exchange interface is lowered. The use of the flow is used to increase the disturbance effect of the cold water flowing into the vacuum tube to improve the heat exchange capacity between the cold water and the inner wall of the vacuum tube, and improve the overall efficiency of the solar water heater. [Embodiment] First, as shown in the first and second figures, the present invention includes a water jacket (1) and a vacuum tube (2). The water jacket (1) is closed by a heat insulation layer (丨丨), and the water jacket ( 1) One end is a cold water inlet (12), and the other end is a hot water outlet (13), wherein: a water guiding sleeve (1) is arranged in the water jacket (1) to divide the inner space of the water jacket (1) into upper Space (15), lower space (16), cold water inlet (12) is located in the lower space (16), and hot water outlet (13) is located in the upper space (15) ' and the flow guiding partition ((4) extends into the vacuum tube (1) The interior of the vacuum tube (2) is also partitioned into an upper space (21) and a lower space (22). In addition, the baffle (14) extends into the vacuum tube (2) and is provided with a plurality of turbulent turbulences on both sides thereof. The generator (23), and the turbulence generator (23) may be a protrusion or a recess, which is represented by a protrusion in the drawing. The vacuum tube (2) is an all-glass type solar vacuum heat collecting tube. When using h, the second and fourth figures show that the cold water enters the space (16) under the water jacket (1) from the cold water inlet (12), and then enters the space under the vacuum tube (22), passing through a group of turbulents. The obsolete spoiler of the door can make the true *# f, water flow into the turbulent part of the low-speed flow field into the turbulence, increase its disturbance and mixing effect, to improve the heat transfer effect of the P in the vacuum tube, after fully mixing The hot water produced is then discharged from the space (21) above the vacuum tube (2) 9 200928250, (23), and then released into the water jacket outlet (13). It will also pass through the space above the other (1). Group turbulence generator (15) 'While by heat, please refer to the fourth figure. The deflector (14) of the present invention is an empty tube (2) inside 'When the vacuum tube (2) is inside the 魄 洛 洛 炎 T Μ Μ The total length is L, and the appropriate length Li is used to guide the flow guiding baffle (14) into the vacuum tube (1).
度，並於延伸之長度每隔適當之間隔& (本實施例為U 〇 /5)，設置適當數目Nr(本實施例為2)之奈流產生器⑽， 其中· 〇<Li<L 或 〇<Li = L 〇Degree, and at an appropriate interval & (U 〇 /5 in this embodiment), set an appropriate number Nr (this embodiment is 2) of the flow generator (10), where · 〇 <Li< L or 〇<Li = L 〇
Sr < 或=Li 〇 Nr > 或=1。 本發明設計之紊流產生器（23卜可使水流㈣時產 生擾流’能夠將真空管⑴内部之低速流場提前轉變為棄 流’來增加其擾動與混合效果，以提昇真空f (2)内部之 〇熱交換效果；並有效降低熱水、冷水㈣生熱交換介面之 溫差降低之現象，大大提高整體太陽能熱水器之效益。 以上所。己載，僅為利用本發明技術内容之實施例，任 何熟悉本項技藝者運用本創作所為之修飾、變化，皆屬本 發明主張之專利範圍，而不限於實施例所揭示者。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為本發明之外觀剖視圖。 第二圖為本發明之橫剖面示意圖。 第三圖為本發明流體流動之橫剖示意圖。 200928250 第四圖為本發明流體流動之縱剖示意圖。 第五圖為習知流體流動之俯視剖面圖 第六圖為習知流體流動剖面之縱剖示意圖 【主要元件符號說明】 ΟSr < or =Li 〇 Nr > or =1. The turbulence generator designed by the invention can generate a turbulent flow when the water flow (4) can convert the low-speed flow field inside the vacuum tube (1) into a waste flow in advance to increase the disturbance and mixing effect thereof to enhance the vacuum f (2). Internal heat exchange effect; and effectively reduce the phenomenon of lowering the temperature difference between the hot water and cold water (4) heat exchange interface, and greatly improve the efficiency of the overall solar water heater. The above, only the embodiment using the technical content of the present invention, Any modification or variation of the present invention by those skilled in the art is the scope of patents claimed in the present invention, and is not limited to those disclosed in the embodiments. [Brief Description] The first figure is a cross-sectional view of the appearance of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention. The third view is a cross-sectional view of the fluid flow of the present invention. 200928250 The fourth drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the fluid flow of the present invention. The fifth figure is a top cross-sectional view of a conventional fluid flow. Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional fluid flow profile [Key element symbol description] Ο
(1) 水套 (11) 保溫層 (12) 冷水進口 (13) 熱水出口 (14) 導流隔板 (15) 上空間 (16) 下空間 (2) 真空管 (21) 上空間 (22) 下空間 (23) 棄流產生器 (L) 真空管内部之總長度 (Li) 延伸入真空管内部之導流隔板總長度 (Sr) 導流隔板上紊流產生器之間隔長度 (Nr) 導流隔板上紊流產生器每一間隔之紊流產 生器數目 (A) 水套 (A1) 保溫層 (A2) 冷水進口 (A3) 熱水出口 (B) 真空管 11(1) Water jacket (11) Insulation layer (12) Cold water inlet (13) Hot water outlet (14) Diversion diaphragm (15) Upper space (16) Lower space (2) Vacuum tube (21) Upper space (22) Lower space (23) Abandon flow generator (L) Total length inside the vacuum tube (Li) Total length of the baffle plate extending into the inside of the vacuum tube (Sr) Interval length (Nr) of the turbulence generator on the baffle Number of turbulence generators per interval of turbulence generator on flow baffle (A) Water jacket (A1) Insulation (A2) Cold water inlet (A3) Hot water outlet (B) Vacuum tube 11