200920471 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種膜元件及使用它之膜分離 將污水或從生產工廠、餐廳、水產加工工廠、 產生的廢水，於處理槽內予以淨化之際所使用 【先前技術】 生活廢水或產業廢水（以下，稱爲「污水」 態下放流於環境中，與環境污染有關連。因此 水準予以淨化後而加以放流。習知係將污水流； 性污泥槽）中，流通空氣的同時，藉由微生物 污水中之污濁物質後而作成活性污泥液，接著 途徑設置活性污泥液的沈澱池，使污濁成分予 後，放流上層澄清水。此方法被稱爲活性污泥 近年來，隨著高分子膜技術及膜分離技術之 離活性污泥法之類的方法已被逐漸採用。於此 膜分離裝置沈入處理槽（膜浸漬槽）中之被處 時進行因微生物所造成之分解，與來自因膜所 泥液的經膜過濾所淨化水之取出。由於經膜過 水能夠原狀態下放流，具有也可以不設置沈降 池之優點。 於此，於膜浸漬槽內，同時儲存污水、與爲 理此污水之微生物及經由微生物處理所生成 液，而將存在於此處理槽內之液體稱爲被處理 此處所用之膜分離裝置係如第9圖所示，主 排列由已將分離膜貼合於支撐板表裏兩面之膜 裝置，其係 食品工廠所 。）係原狀 ，直到一定 V處理槽（活 以分解處理 ，利用其他 以沈降分離 法。 提升，膜分 方法中，將 理水中，同 得之活性污 濾所取出的 分離用沈澱 了微生物處 的活性污泥 水。 要係多數個 元件1 〇而 200920471 成的元件區塊3所構成。於此區塊3之下方，裝配有散氣 裝置4。於膜元件中，裝配有取出過濾水之吸水管38，經 由管5而將集水管5連接於此吸水管3 8，空吸栗6連接於 其下流側，將負壓施加於膜元件1 0內部，取出過濾水。散 氣裝置4已連結於送風機7。從下方之散氣裝置4而將空 氣噴向膜浸漬槽2內的被處理水中所沈入之膜分離裝置 3 ’將此現象稱爲曝氣。曝氣係具有將氧供給於微生物後而 予以活化，加速污泥分解之作用。 另外，來自散氣裝置4之曝氣係又剝取欲附著於各膜元 件1 〇之兩面所配置的分離膜外表面之污泥，抑制污泥附著 堆積於膜上的同時，也形成因氣升效果而使槽內之被處理 水循環於膜元件間予以循環的流動。如第1 0圖所示，於膜 元件間，因曝氣造成被處理水的上升流動將產生，藉由此 上升流動將碰撞膜之外表面，表面將被洗淨，膜之孔阻塞 將受到抑制，能夠抑制固液分離性能之隨時間經過的降低。 若膜元件間之間隔過小的話，對於此上升流動之流動阻 抗將增高，流量將降低之結果，無法得到用以解決分離膜 表面之污泥附著的適當流速。另外，若間隔過大的話，於 一定體積中能夠設置的膜元件數目將變少，固液分離處理 量，亦即，被系統外所取出之過濾水量將減少。因而，膜 元件間必須保持既定之間隔。 作成既定間隔以固定膜分離裝置3中之膜元件10的方 法，已有人提案下列幾種方法： 例如，具有將保持物夾入膜元件間，將螺栓插穿設置於 支持物四個角落的孔後而加以固定的方法（專利文獻1 )。 200920471 此情形下係藉由夾入保持物，以維持膜元件間之間隔。 另外，也具有將框體配置於支撐物之側緣部，使彼此框 體得以接觸之方式來重疊支撐物的方法（專利文獻2 )。 此情形下，設置於側緣部之框體保持有膜元件間之間隔。 也有爲了預先將膜元件固定於膜分離裝置內之框架的 情形。於專利文獻3中，已揭示一種框架上具有溝狀固定 端部的方法。於此方法中，爲了防止因曝光造成膜元件的 振動，使用具有由彈性材料所構成的梳齒狀凸部之按壓板。 再者，於專利文獻4中，已揭示一種膜模組，其係於鄰 接的膜模組間設置相互接觸之凸部。再者，已揭示一種膜 分離裝置’其係於膜模組寬度方向之中間，將支撐物架設 在複數個膜模組而加以配置，在支撐物上設置各膜模組也 嵌合於緣端部之複數個凹部。 專利文獻1:日本專利特開2004-121943號公報 專利文獻2:日本專利特開平1〇_180052號公報 專利文獻3 :日本專利特許第3 3 2 8 1 49號公報 專利文獻4 :日本專利特許第3 3 4 2 7 4 2號公報 【發明內容】 發明所欲解決之技術問題 如專利文獻3所揭示之方式，由於膜浸漬槽中之曝氣， 膜元件產生不少的振動。因此，一旦彼此支撐板或是支撐 板與其他構件接近時，連續性碰撞將發生，其部分將磨損。 膜分離裝置係爲了沈入膜浸漬槽中而長期間連續性使 用’拉起來維修並不容易。因而，期望膜元件之部分磨損 係無或是少的。 200920471 如上所述，於元件區塊中，複數個膜元件已以既定間隔 予以配置。膜元件大多寬度約爲數十cm至1 m大小之情 形，膜元件間之間隔係約爲數mm起，最多不過擴大至十 數mm。而且，因爲膜元件之兩寬度端已被固定，一旦垂直 於膜元件之分離膜的方向振動產生時，在支撐板之上緣部 或下緣部中央部附近的振幅將變成最大，在鄰接的膜元件 之支撐板與中央部容易引起碰撞。 膜元件之中央部最容易振動的理由係如第1 0圖所示， 暗示越是靠近膜元件中央部，因曝氣而於膜元件間生成的 被處理水之上升流速將越大。藉此，針對抑制鄰接的彼此 膜元件之碰撞，並抑制膜元件中央部之振動最爲單純且確 實。然而，於專利文獻3之發明中，由於將梳齒狀之凸部 壓入膜元件的肩部而加以固定，幾乎無抑制膜元件中央部 振動之效果。 還有，第1 0圖係使用標準的Κ-ε模型之解析。解析對 象領域係於高1400mm、寬750mm、深135mm之水槽中配 置5片寬250mm、高500mm之膜元件136，下部爲已配置 散氣管之對稱模型。因爲孔眼數爲300,000,液體之黏度爲 10cp、來自散氣管之曝氣量爲每一元件16L/分鐘’利用配 置顯示於第1 〇圖之5片膜元件1 3 6的模型解析之曝氣總量 設爲80L/分鐘。參照第1 0圖，於此解析中，相對於浸漬膜 端部121之流速爲0.1 m/s，浸漬膜中央部12〇之流速爲 0.8m/s，成爲8倍之流速。 另外，若根據專利文獻4之發明，於鄰接的膜模組間’ 相互接觸的彼此凸部將相互抑制彎曲之發生’僅在接觸 200920471 處’由於因曝氣造成膜元件的微振動，不久凸部將磨損， 其結果’鄰接的膜元件之彼此支撐板係於中央部容易引起 碰撞。 再者’若根據專利文獻4之發明，雖然於膜模組寬度方 向之中間’將支撐物架設在複數個膜模組而加以配置，在 支撐物上設置各膜模組也嵌合於緣端部之複數個凹部，但 是使支撐物與膜模組完全無間隙地凹凸嵌合，製品精確度 必須相當高，達成其精確度係不合適於量產技術。另外， 於間隙具有多餘空間而予以凹凸嵌合之情形，如上所述， 由於因曝氣造成膜元件的微振動，凹凸嵌合部將磨損，歷 經長期，將無法經常維持鄰接的膜模組間一定之間隙。其 結果，鄰接的膜元件之彼此支撐板係於中央部容易引起碰 撞。 亦即，於習知之膜分離裝置中，具有如下之課題：膜元 件之上緣部或下緣部支撐板的中央部分容易摩損，進而由 於振動，膜元件之支撐板本身將達到疲勞破壞。 解決問題之技術手段 爲了解決上述之課題，於本發明中提供一種膜元件，其 係在支撐板之上緣部或下緣部的中央部賦與具有貫穿孔， 於是在此貫穿孔之周圍，便能夠容易配置爲了適當保持彼 此膜元件之間隔的中央間隔部。 再者，提供一種膜分離裝置，其係排列複數片此等之膜 元件，固定寬度方向之兩端，將軸穿通貫穿孔後而利用止 動工具加以固定’壓夾固定所有的膜元件。 [發明之效果] 200920471 在膜元件之支撐板上緣部的中央部或下緣部的中央部 之至少一處，因爲設置具有貫穿孔之中央間隔部，於是彼 此支撐板不僅於寬度方向之兩端，就連正中央附近也被加 以固定。因而，於膜元件中，即使產生膜面垂直方向之振 動，鄰接的彼此膜元件並不會於支撐板之上緣部或下緣部 發生碰撞。再者，因爲彼此之膜元件被壓夾固定，能夠防 止因膜元件間之微振動所造成之摩損，進而能夠使因鄰接 的彼此膜元件之碰撞所造成之摩損及膜元件支撐板本身之 r ' 疲勞破壞得以減少。 \ 【實施方式】 用以實施發明的最佳形態 (實施形態1 ) 茲將參照圖示’以說明本發明之實施形態。第1圖係顯 示本發明之膜元件的斜視圖。膜元件1 〇係於兩側緣部配置 有保持框部3 3之支撐板3 1，從表裏兩面，貼合分離膜3 6、 37 ° ( 還有’於本專利§兌明書之說明中，所謂膜元件之上緣部 係指分離膜上方之支撐板部分。另外，下緣部係指位於膜 元件分離膜下方之支撐板部分。另外’所謂側緣部係膜元 件之側面部分’於第1圖中’設置有保持框部3 3之部分。 另外’所謂框中央部係指於上緣部或下緣部，扣除側緣部 之範圍。 於分離膜3 ό、3 7中，可使用能夠過濾存在於處理槽內 之被處理水（污水或活性污泥液）的分離膜，大多爲藉由 多孔質樹脂所製作的平膜之情形。其材料能夠使用聚對苯 -10- 200920471 二甲酸乙二酯樹脂、聚乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯樹脂、聚氯乙烯 樹脂、聚偏氟乙烯樹脂'聚楓樹脂等作爲主要成分。但是， 並不受此等樹脂所限定。 保持框部33係於配置複數個膜元件之際，爲了將各膜 元件之彼此分離膜之間保持既定間隔的部分。較佳爲與支 撐板3 1 —體成形而作成，也可以與支撐板分開製作、裝配。 因爲保持框部3 3係以保持膜元件之彼此分離膜之間的 間隔爲目的之部分，其厚度35較支撐板31之厚度32爲 厚。於支撐板31所設置的保持框部33係具有在支撐板31 之表面側及背面側保持相同高度3 4之情形，鄰接的膜元件 之彼此分離膜之間的距離係成爲此保持框部高度3 4的2 倍。 還有，在膜分離裝置之框架上，具備有爲了將鄰接的膜 元件之彼此分離膜之間隔設爲既定間隔而加以固定的要件 之情形，也有不設置保持框部3 3之情形。 支撐板31係於其表裏保持分離膜36、37。通過分離膜 之過濾水係流通支撐板與分離膜之間的集水路（未以圖示） 而流向過爐水出口。於支擦板3 1，裝配有取出過濾水之吸 水管3 8，經由集水路所收集之過濾水係從吸水管3 8而被 取出至元件外。支撐板與分離膜之間的集水路也可以爲在 支撐板表面所形成的通路用溝，另外，也可以使多孔質網 (網、不織布等）介於支撐板與分離膜之間而作成集水路。 於支撐板3 1之上緣部的框中央部，中央間隔部4 1係與 支撐板3 1予以一體製作。中央間隔部4 1之厚度43係相同 於保持框部33之厚度35。亦即，具有將保持框高度34之 -11- 200920471 2倍與支撐板厚度3 2予以相加的厚度。因而使根據保持框 部3 3之存在所形成的膜元件之彼此分離膜的間隔，也能夠 根據框中央部而予以形成。 於支撐板31之上緣部或下緣部的框中央部，具備貫穿 孔用以固定具有中央間隔部4 1之膜元件，連框中央部也加 以固定。藉由將固定用軸通過此貫穿孔5 0，從固定用軸之 兩端，利用止動工具以壓夾固定重疊的膜元件，防止在框 中央部之振動。固定用軸係如上述般藉由插穿貫穿孔50用 以固定重疊之膜元件的棒狀物。雖然並未予以特別限定， 期望爲金屬性一體成型的棒狀物。但是，也可以利用止動 螺栓等之連結手段以連結複數個軸。 如第1圖所示，此貫穿孔5 0也可以在中央間隔部4 1予 以形成。藉由在中央間隔部4 1設置貫穿孔5 0，可更確實 進行彼此各膜元件之中央間隔部的固定。於第1圖，顯示 在中央間隔部41設置貫穿孔50之例子。另外，貫穿孔50 也可以在側面具有開口部之溝狀（無圖示）。因爲貫穿孔 係用以保持固定用軸之部分’因而也可以不是孔狀。若爲 溝狀時，也具有固定用軸之拆裝變得容易的優點。 因爲中央間隔部4 1係爲了抑制因彼此膜元件的振動所 造成之碰撞，使支撐板之磨損得以減少’若設置在上緣部 中央附近的話，並無位置上之限定。另外’中央間隔部4 1 可以設置在下緣部，也可以設置複數個。但是，若多個設 置時，將有阻礙膜元件間之被處理水上升流動之情形。 認爲上升流動之阻礙係限制微生物之活化，另外妨礙膜 元件表面之污染去除。因而’配置複數個中央間隔部4 1之 -12- 200920471 情形’必須考量膜元件之大小與因散氣裝置所產生之曝氣 量等。 作爲支撐板之材質，A S Τ Μ試驗法D 6 3 8中之拉伸強度 較佳爲具有約1 5MPa以上剛性之材質。能夠較佳使用不鏡 鋼等之金屬類；丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS樹 脂）、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、氯乙烯等之樹脂；纖維強化樹脂 (FRP )等之複合材料；其他之材質等。另外，保持框部 33也最好使用與支撐板相同之材質。利用與ABS樹脂等之 相同材質以構成支撐板3 1與保持框部3 3等之情形下，最 好依照一體成型以製造此等支撐板。 於第2圖中，顯示根據間隔部4 1之有無所得的膜元件 振動之樣子。此圖係膜元件之俯視圖。第2圖（a )、2 ( b ) 係顯示無中央間隔部之情形。膜元件已被兩端之保持框部 3 3所固定，彼此分離膜係以保持既定距離之方式來予以設 計。從散氣裝置所噴出的曝氣不僅產生被處理水之上升流 動，碰撞膜元件，使從下方向上推之力得以發生。另外， 隨著從處理槽底浮上水面，由於水壓變小，可能成爲大的 氣泡。於氣泡變大之際，相對於膜元件之膜面，從約略垂 直之方向施加推力。 如此方式，相對於膜元件之膜面’推力可使振動60發 生於垂直之方向。此振動模型係多樣的，將膜之中央部分 作爲振動腹部之基本振動便容易發生。第2圖（a)與（b) 係顯示二個膜元件之支撐板進行180度相位偏移的基本振 動。第2圖（a)係顯示二個支撐板位移至分離方向的1青 形；第2圖（b )係顯示位移至接近方向的情形。根據@ -13- 200920471 振動，與鄰接的膜元件之間’在支撐板之上緣部，碰撞6 2 將發生。 另一方面，若具有中央間隔部4 1的話，因爲正好振動 的腹部部分被固定，並不會引起鄰接的彼此膜元件碰撞。 因而，膜元件之磨損將被抑制。 還有，膜元件之寬度爲長的情形，即使於中央間隔部4 1 與保持框部3 3之間也將有振動產生之情形。如此之情形， 最好於保持框部3 3之間設置複數個中央間隔部4 1。 第3圖係顯示中央間隔部41之裝配位置的變化。第3 圖係膜元件上緣部的正面圖。中央間隔部41較佳爲裝配在 膜元件之上緣部或下緣部的中央部。因爲膜元件係於左右 兩端被固定，中央部將成爲振動之腹部，位移爲最大。因 而，固定此部分係於磨損之抑制上，效果爲大的。 但是，根據膜元件之大小或所配置之間隔，也可以設置 於離上緣部或下緣部正中央以外的位置。另外，也可以設 置複數個中央間隔部之方式來進行。第3圖（a )係顯示於 上緣部設置二個中央間隔部之情形。 中央間隔部4 1係考量如下之三種情形：貫穿孔設在支 撐板上端4 5之情形；位於較上端4 5更下方之情形；及位 於較上端4 5更上方之情形。分別爲第3圖之（b ) ' ( c )、 (d )。此等中任一情形皆可。還有，於第3圖中，雖然僅 顯示上緣部之例子’設置於下緣部之情形也爲相同的。 另外’於第4圖中’顯示其他之變化。第4圖（a)係 顯示使中央間隔部與貫穿孔配置於個別位置之方式來予以 成形之情形。另外，第4圖（b )係第4圖（a )之變形。 -14 - 200920471 此係於支撐板所形成的貫穿孔5 〇之兩側配置有中央間隔 部。如此方式，中央間隔部也可以並非一個。同樣的，也 可以於複數處具有貫穿孔50。 於第4圖（c )中，顯示在中央間隔部所形成的貫穿孔 爲溝狀之情形。第4圖（d )係個別形成中央間隔部與貫穿 孔’顯示貫穿孔爲溝狀之情形。如此方式，於本發明中， 支撐固定用軸之貫穿孔5 0不僅爲孔狀之情形，也包含溝狀 之情形。若貫穿孔5 0爲溝狀的話，固定用軸之拆裝將變得 容易。 於第5圖中’顯示中央間隔部4丨之形狀的變化。第5 圖（a)係顯示於第1圖之長方形模型。當然，也可以爲正 方形模型。第5圖（b )係菱形。藉由作成菱形，能夠抑制 曝氣上升流動之阻礙。第5圖（c )係圓模型。另外，（d ) 係淚滴狀。任一種皆使因曝氣所造成之上升流動得以流暢 爲目的。此等形狀也可以爲其中任一種。還有，於第5圖 中，使貫穿孔5 〇得以存在於中央間隔部4 1之方式來揭示， 也可以爲如第4圖之變化。 第6圖係顯示重疊組合複數的本發明膜元件1 〇之膜分 離裝置3。各膜元件係通過保持框部3 3之固定孔4 8而予 以連結、固定。如此方式，將固定膜元件側緣部之要件稱 爲元件固定部。如此方式’元件固定部係包含通過在保持 框部所形成的固定孔4 8而予以連結、固定之物。另外，於 膜分離裝置框上’準備有固定側緣部的構件之情形係指該 部分。 因爲於中央間隔部已靈開貫穿孔50，將固定用軸53貫 -15- 200920471 穿於此，利用止動工具54以栓緊兩端，壓夾固定中央間隔 部4 1。止動工具能夠適宜使用螺栓與螺帽之組合等，但是 並不受此等所限定。還有，於圖中，利用保持框部3 3以固 定膜元件間之方式來說明，也可以利用固定膜元件之其他 構件來予以固定。 於本發明中’中央間隔部4 1之厚度4 3基本上係使根據 保持框部3 3等所形成的既定膜元件間隔得以保持之方式 來進行’某種程度之誤差係容許的。此時，相對於膜元件 間隔，期望爲正的容許誤差。 於第7圖中，顯示重疊複數片膜元件而利用軸與螺栓以 固定中央間隔部4 1時之俯視示意圖。如果相對於膜元件間 隔’中央間隔部之厚度容許誤差爲負的容許誤差之情形， 膜分離裝置係如第7圖（a)所示，中央部成爲凹下之線捲 取形狀。一旦成爲如此時，也發生元件區塊之約略中央的 彼此膜元件並未被中央間隔部所固定之情形。 另一方面，相對於膜元件之間隔，中央間隔部之厚度爲 正的容許誤差之情形，如第7圖（b )所示，膜分離裝置將 成爲桶型。因而，所有的膜元件能夠固定於框中央部。 不過，若第7圖（a)與（b)中任一情形，一旦膜分離 裝置之變形量皆爲大的，外側膜元件之歪斜爲大的，裂痕 等之損傷將發生。因而，於組裝成膜分離裝置時，中央間 隔部之厚度係於不施加損傷個別膜元件等應力之範圍，已 設定成能夠固定所有膜元件之範圍。 (實施形態2 ) 於第8圖中，顯示本發明膜元件之其他形態。於此實施 -16- 200920471 形態中，於實施形態1中，予以一體附設的中央間隔部4 1 係與其他構件之間隔保持材7 1分開。於間隔保持材7 1中， 具有與貫穿孔5 0同樣的貫穿孔54。因而，重疊間隔保持 材7 1與貫穿孔5 0，能夠利用固定用軸與止動工具加以壓 夾固定。如此方式’即使分離第1圖之中央間隔部，也能 夠得到同樣之效果。 還有’於第8圖中’雖然將插入膜元件間之間隔保持材 7 I作成各自之構件，各自之間隔保持材7 1也可以予以連 結。另外’若能夠利用框中央部以固定膜元件的話，即使 無貫穿孔也可以。 不論有無貫穿孔5 4，間隔保持材7 1係於利用固定用軸 加以固定之際，必須於接近不會滑落或脫落程度之位置予 以配置。於此意義下，間隔保持材7 1必須配置於貫穿孔 5 〇之周圍。還有，雖然間隔保持材7 1之材質並未予以特 別限定’與支撐板31同樣較佳爲耐腐蝕性高的材料。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示有關本發明之膜元件的斜視圖。 第2圖係膜元件的俯視圖，（a )及（b )係說明膜元件 進行振動之樣子，（c )係說明根據在中央間隔部之固定， 振動受到抑制之樣子。 第3圖（a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d )係膜元件上緣部的正面圖， 顯示中央間隔部之裝配方式的變化。 第4圖（〇 (b) (C) (d)係膜元件上緣部的正面圖， 顯示中央間隔部之裝配方式的變化。 第5圖（a ) ( b ) ( c ) ( d )係顯示中央間隔部之形狀 -17- 200920471 的變化。 第6圖係顯示組合本發明膜元件之膜分離裝置的斜視 圖。 第7圖（a ) ( b )係顯示根據中央間隔部之厚度容許誤 差’膜分離裝置進行變形之樣子的俯視圖。 第8圖係顯示本發明膜元件其他形態的斜視圖。 第9圖係顯示膜分離裝置之構造的圖形。 第1 〇圖係顯示膜分離裝置中之被處理水流動解析結$ f 的例子。 【主要元件符號說明】 3 膜分離裝置（元件區塊） 10 膜元件 3 1 支撐板 33 保持框部 4 1 中央間隔部 50 貫穿孔 18 -200920471 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a membrane element and a membrane separating the same for purifying sewage or wastewater generated from a production plant, a restaurant, a fish processing plant, and a treatment tank. [Previous technology] Domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater (hereinafter referred to as "sewage" state is released into the environment and is associated with environmental pollution. Therefore, the level is purified and discharged. Conventional system will discharge sewage; In the sludge tank, while the air is flowing, the activated sludge liquid is formed by the dirty substance in the microbial sewage, and then the sedimentation tank of the activated sludge liquid is set to pass the dirty component, and the upper layer clarified water is discharged. This method is called activated sludge. In recent years, methods such as polymer membrane technology and membrane separation technology have been gradually adopted. When the membrane separation device is sunk into the treatment tank (membrane immersion tank), the decomposition by the microorganisms and the removal of the purified water from the membrane filtration by the membrane fluid are carried out. Since the transmembrane water can be discharged in the original state, there is an advantage that the sedimentation tank can be omitted. Here, in the membrane dipping tank, the sewage is stored at the same time, and the microorganisms for treating the sewage and the liquid formed by the microorganism treatment, and the liquid present in the treatment tank is referred to as the membrane separation device used for the treatment. As shown in Fig. 9, the main arrangement is a membrane device in which the separation membrane has been attached to both sides of the support plate, which is a food factory. ) is the original state, until a certain V treatment tank (live to decompose the treatment, using other sedimentation separation method. Lifting, membrane separation method, the separation of the water from the water, the separation of the active sewage filter is used to precipitate the activity of the microorganism Sludge water. It is composed of a plurality of components 1 and 200920471. It is equipped with a diffuser 4 below the block 3. In the membrane element, a suction pipe for taking out filtered water is installed. 38, the water collecting pipe 5 is connected to the suction pipe 3 via the pipe 5, and the empty suction pipe 6 is connected to the downstream side thereof, and a negative pressure is applied to the inside of the membrane element 10, and the filtered water is taken out. The diffusing device 4 is connected to The blower 7. The membrane separation device 3' which sinks air from the lower diffuser 4 to the treated water in the membrane dipping tank 2 is called aeration. The aeration system supplies oxygen to the microorganisms. Then, it is activated to accelerate the decomposition of the sludge. In addition, the aeration system from the diffuser 4 strips the sludge to be attached to the outer surface of the separation membrane disposed on both sides of each membrane element, and suppresses the sludge. Attached to the membrane At the same time, the flow of the treated water in the tank is circulated between the membrane elements due to the gas lift effect. As shown in Fig. 10, the rising flow of the treated water due to the aeration between the membrane elements is generated. By this upward flow, the outer surface of the membrane will be collided, the surface will be washed, the pore blocking of the membrane will be inhibited, and the decrease in the solid-liquid separation performance over time can be suppressed. If the interval between the membrane elements is too small, As the flow resistance of the rising flow is increased and the flow rate is lowered, an appropriate flow rate for solving the sludge adhesion on the surface of the separation membrane cannot be obtained. Further, if the interval is too large, the number of membrane elements that can be set in a certain volume will become variable. The amount of the solid-liquid separation treatment, that is, the amount of filtered water taken out of the system, is reduced. Therefore, the membrane elements must be kept at a predetermined interval. The method of fixing the membrane elements 10 in the membrane separation device 3 at predetermined intervals is The following methods have been proposed: for example, having the holder sandwiched between the membrane elements and inserting the bolts through the holes provided in the four corners of the support In a fixed method (Patent Document 1), 200920471 In this case, the space between the film elements is maintained by sandwiching the holder. Further, the frame body is disposed on the side edge portion of the support so that the frames are formed. A method of overlapping the support in a contact manner (Patent Document 2). In this case, the frame provided on the side edge portion maintains a space between the film elements. There is also a frame for fixing the film element in the film separation device in advance. In the case of Patent Document 3, a method of having a groove-like fixed end portion on a frame has been disclosed. In this method, in order to prevent vibration of the film member due to exposure, a comb-like convex portion composed of an elastic material is used. Further, in Patent Document 4, a film module is disclosed which is provided with convex portions which are in contact with each other between adjacent film modules. Further, a film separating device has been disclosed which is attached to In the middle of the width direction of the film module, the support is placed on a plurality of film modules and arranged, and each film module is disposed on the support and is also fitted to a plurality of concave portions at the edge end portion. Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-121943. Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei No. Hei. No. Hei. Japanese Patent Application No. 3 3 4 2 7 4 2 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention As disclosed in Patent Document 3, the membrane element generates a lot of vibration due to aeration in the membrane dipping tank. Therefore, once the support plates or the support plates are close to each other, a continuous collision will occur and a portion thereof will wear. The membrane separation device is used for long-term continuous use in order to sink into the membrane dipping tank. Therefore, it is desirable that the partial wear of the membrane element is not or little. 200920471 As mentioned above, in the component block, a plurality of membrane elements have been configured at regular intervals. Most of the membrane elements have a width of about several tens of cm to 1 m, and the interval between the membrane elements is about several mm, and at most, it is expanded to a few ten mm. Moreover, since the two width ends of the membrane element have been fixed, once the vibration perpendicular to the direction of the separation membrane of the membrane element occurs, the amplitude near the central portion of the upper edge or the lower edge portion of the support plate becomes maximum, in the adjacent The support plate of the membrane element is likely to cause collision with the central portion. The reason why the central portion of the membrane element is most likely to vibrate is as shown in Fig. 10, suggesting that the closer to the central portion of the membrane element, the higher the flow rate of the treated water generated between the membrane elements due to aeration. Thereby, it is most simple and reliable to suppress the collision of the adjacent membrane elements and to suppress the vibration of the central portion of the membrane element. However, in the invention of Patent Document 3, since the comb-shaped convex portion is pressed into the shoulder portion of the membrane element and fixed, there is almost no effect of suppressing vibration of the central portion of the membrane element. Also, the 10th figure uses the analysis of the standard Κ-ε model. In the analytical object field, five membrane elements 136 with a width of 250 mm and a height of 500 mm are arranged in a water tank of 1400 mm in height, 750 mm in width and 135 mm in depth, and the lower part is a symmetric model in which a diffusing tube is disposed. Since the number of holes is 300,000, the viscosity of the liquid is 10 cp, and the amount of aeration from the diffusing pipe is 16 L/min per component. The total aeration of the model analysis of the five membrane elements 1 3 6 shown in Fig. 1 is used. The amount was set to 80 L/min. Referring to Fig. 10, in this analysis, the flow velocity with respect to the immersion film end portion 121 was 0.1 m/s, and the flow velocity at the center portion 12 of the immersion film was 0.8 m/s, which was 8 times the flow rate. Further, according to the invention of Patent Document 4, the mutual convex portions of the mutually adjacent film modules will suppress the occurrence of the bending of each other 'only at the contact 200920471' due to the microvibration of the film element due to the aeration, and soon convex The portion will wear out, and as a result, the supporting plates of the adjacent film elements are tied to the center portion to cause collision. Further, according to the invention of Patent Document 4, although the support is placed in the middle of the width direction of the film module, the support is placed on a plurality of film modules, and the film modules are placed on the support at the edge. The plurality of recesses of the portion, but the support and the membrane module are completely concave and convex without gaps, and the accuracy of the product must be relatively high, and achieving the accuracy is not suitable for mass production techniques. Further, in the case where the gap has an extra space and the concave-convex fitting is performed, as described above, since the micro-vibration of the membrane element due to the aeration causes the concave-convex fitting portion to wear, the adjacent membrane module cannot be maintained frequently over a long period of time. A certain gap. As a result, the mutually supporting plates of the adjacent film members are likely to cause a collision at the center portion. That is, in the conventional membrane separation apparatus, there is a problem that the central portion of the upper edge portion or the lower edge portion of the membrane member is easily worn, and the support plate itself of the membrane element itself is fatigue-damaged due to vibration. Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a membrane element which is provided with a through hole at a central portion of an upper edge portion or a lower edge portion of a support plate, and is thus surrounded by the through hole. It is possible to easily arrange the central partitions for appropriately maintaining the interval between the membrane elements of each other. Further, there is provided a membrane separation apparatus which arranges a plurality of such membrane elements, fixes both ends in the width direction, and passes the shaft through the through holes and fixes them by a stopper to fix all the membrane elements. [Effects of the Invention] 200920471 At least one of the central portion of the edge portion of the support plate of the membrane element or the central portion of the lower edge portion is provided with a central partition having a through hole, so that the support plates are not only two in the width direction At the end, even the center of the center is fixed. Therefore, in the membrane element, even if the vibration of the film surface in the vertical direction occurs, the adjacent membrane elements do not collide with the upper edge or the lower edge of the support plate. Furthermore, since the film elements of each other are clamped and fixed, it is possible to prevent the abrasion caused by the microvibration between the film elements, and it is possible to cause the abrasion due to the collision of the adjacent film elements and the support of the film element supporting plate itself. ' Fatigue damage is reduced. [Embodiment] Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention (Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a membrane element of the present invention. The membrane element 1 is provided with a support plate 3 1 for holding the frame portion 3 3 on both side edges, and the separation membrane is attached to the separation membrane 3 6 and 37 ° from both sides of the front and back sides (also in the description of the patent § The upper edge portion of the membrane element refers to the portion of the support plate above the separation membrane. In addition, the lower edge portion refers to the portion of the support plate located below the separation membrane of the membrane element. In addition, the side portion of the so-called side edge membrane element is In the first drawing, 'the portion of the holding frame portion 3 is provided. The other portion of the frame center portion refers to the upper edge portion or the lower edge portion, and the range of the side edge portion is subtracted. In the separation membranes 3 ό, 3 7 A separation membrane capable of filtering the water to be treated (sewage or activated sludge liquid) present in the treatment tank is often a flat membrane made of a porous resin. The material can be used with polyparaphenylene-10-2009-20471 The ethylene dicarboxylate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin 'poly maple resin, etc. are main components. However, it is not limited by these resins. When configuring a plurality of membrane elements, in order to A portion of each membrane element that maintains a predetermined interval between the separation membranes. It is preferably formed integrally with the support plate 31, or may be separately fabricated and assembled from the support plate. Because the frame portion 3 is held to hold the membrane element. The portion between the separation films is a portion for which the thickness 35 is thicker than the thickness 32 of the support plate 31. The holding frame portion 33 provided on the support plate 31 is held on the surface side and the back side of the support plate 31. In the case of the same height of 3 4, the distance between the mutually separated membranes of the adjacent membrane elements is twice as high as the height of the holding frame portion 34. Further, on the frame of the membrane separation device, there is a membrane for adjacent The case where the interval between the elements is set to be fixed at a predetermined interval, and the holding frame portion 3 is not provided. The support plate 31 holds the separation membranes 36, 37 in the front and the sides thereof. A water collecting path (not shown) between the flow-through support plate and the separation membrane flows to the outlet water outlet. The cleaning plate 3 1 is equipped with a suction pipe 3 8 for taking out filtered water, and is collected by the water collection channel. water It is taken out from the suction pipe 38. The water collecting path between the support plate and the separation membrane may be a passage groove formed on the surface of the support plate, or a porous mesh (web, non-woven fabric, etc.) may be used. A water collecting path is formed between the support plate and the separation membrane. The central partition portion 41 is integrally formed with the support plate 31 in the central portion of the frame at the upper edge of the support plate 31, and the thickness of the central partition portion 41 is formed. 43 is the same as the thickness 35 of the holding frame portion 33. That is, it has a thickness which is added to the holding frame height 34 of -11 - 200920471 2 times and the support plate thickness 32. Thus, according to the existence of the holding frame portion 3 3 The interval between the formed membrane elements that separate the membranes can also be formed according to the central portion of the frame. The central portion of the frame at the upper edge portion or the lower edge portion of the support plate 31 is provided with a through hole for fixing the membrane element having the central partition portion 41, and the central portion of the frame is also fixed. By passing the fixing shaft through the through hole 50, the overlapping film members are fixed by press-fitting from both ends of the fixing shaft by a stopper to prevent vibration at the center portion of the frame. The fixing shaft is inserted into the through hole 50 as described above to fix the rod of the overlapping film member. Although not particularly limited, it is desirable to be a metal-integrated rod. However, a plurality of shafts may be connected by a connecting means such as a stopper bolt. As shown in Fig. 1, the through hole 50 may be formed in the center partition portion 4 1 . By providing the through hole 50 in the center partition portion 4 1 , the central spacer of each of the membrane elements can be more reliably fixed. In the first drawing, an example in which the through hole 50 is provided in the center partition portion 41 is shown. Further, the through hole 50 may have a groove shape (not shown) having an opening on the side surface. Since the through hole is for holding the portion of the fixing shaft', it may not be a hole shape. In the case of a groove shape, there is an advantage that the fixing shaft can be easily attached and detached. Since the central partition portion 41 is configured to suppress the collision caused by the vibration of the membrane elements, the wear of the support plate is reduced. If it is disposed near the center of the upper edge portion, there is no positional limitation. Further, the central partition portion 4 1 may be provided at the lower edge portion, or a plurality of the plurality of partition portions may be provided. However, when a plurality of settings are made, there is a case where the water to be treated between the membrane elements is prevented from flowing upward. It is believed that the hindrance of the upward flow restricts the activation of the microorganisms and additionally hinders the removal of the contamination of the surface of the membrane element. Therefore, the case of -12-200920471 in which a plurality of central partitions 4 1 are disposed must take into consideration the size of the membrane element and the amount of aeration generated by the diffuser. As the material of the support plate, the tensile strength in the A S Τ Μ test method D 6 3 8 is preferably a material having a rigidity of about 15 MPa or more. It is preferable to use a metal such as a non-mirror steel, a acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), a resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or vinyl chloride, or a composite material such as a fiber-reinforced resin (FRP). Other materials, etc. Further, it is preferable that the holding frame portion 33 also use the same material as the support plate. In the case where the support material 31 and the holding frame portion 3 and the like are formed of the same material as that of the ABS resin or the like, it is preferable to integrally manufacture the support plates. In Fig. 2, the vibration of the membrane element obtained based on the presence or absence of the partition portion 4 1 is shown. This is a top view of the membrane element. Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the case where there is no central spacer. The membrane element has been fixed by the holding frame portions 3 3 at both ends, and the separation membranes are designed to maintain a predetermined distance. The aeration gas ejected from the air diffusing device not only generates an upward flow of the water to be treated, but also collides with the membrane element to cause a force to be pushed upward from below. Further, as the water level rises from the bottom of the treatment tank, the water pressure becomes small, which may become a large bubble. When the bubble becomes large, the thrust is applied from the approximately vertical direction with respect to the film surface of the membrane element. In this manner, the thrust of the membrane surface relative to the membrane element causes the vibration 60 to occur in a vertical direction. This vibration model is various, and the central portion of the membrane is likely to occur as a basic vibration of the vibrating abdomen. Fig. 2 (a) and (b) show the basic vibration of the support plates of the two membrane elements at a 180 degree phase shift. Fig. 2(a) shows a case where the two support plates are displaced to the separation direction by 1 cyan; and Fig. 2(b) shows the case where the displacement is to the approach direction. According to @ -13- 200920471 vibration, between the adjacent membrane elements 'on the upper edge of the support plate, collision 6 2 will occur. On the other hand, if the central spacer portion 41 is provided, since the abdomen portion which is just vibrating is fixed, the adjacent membrane elements are not caused to collide. Thus, the wear of the membrane element will be suppressed. Further, in the case where the width of the membrane element is long, vibration may occur even between the central partition portion 4 1 and the holding frame portion 33. In such a case, it is preferable to provide a plurality of central spacers 41 between the holding frame portions 3 3 . Fig. 3 shows a change in the assembly position of the center partition portion 41. Fig. 3 is a front view of the upper edge portion of the membrane element. The central partition portion 41 is preferably fitted to the central portion of the upper edge portion or the lower edge portion of the membrane element. Since the membrane element is fixed at both the left and right ends, the central portion will become the abdomen of vibration and the displacement will be maximum. Therefore, fixing this portion is based on the suppression of wear, and the effect is large. However, depending on the size of the membrane element or the interval at which it is disposed, it may be provided at a position other than the center of the upper edge portion or the lower edge portion. Alternatively, a plurality of central spacers may be provided. Fig. 3(a) shows a case where two central spacers are provided at the upper edge portion. The central spacer portion 4 1 considers three cases in which the through hole is provided at the end of the support plate 45; the case where it is located further below the upper end 45; and the case where it is located above the upper end 45. They are (b) ' (c), (d) of Figure 3. Any of these can be done. Further, in Fig. 3, the case where only the example of the upper edge portion is shown in the lower edge portion is the same. Further, other changes are shown in 'Fig. 4'. Fig. 4(a) shows a case where the center spacer and the through hole are arranged at individual positions. In addition, Fig. 4(b) is a modification of Fig. 4(a). -14 - 200920471 This is arranged with a center spacer on both sides of the through hole 5 形成 formed by the support plate. In this way, the central spacer may not be one. Similarly, it is also possible to have through holes 50 in the plural. In Fig. 4(c), the case where the through hole formed in the center partition portion is grooved is shown. Fig. 4(d) shows a case where the central partition portion and the through hole ' are individually formed to have a through-hole shape. In this manner, in the present invention, the through hole 50 for supporting the fixing shaft is not only in the form of a hole but also in the form of a groove. If the through hole 50 is grooved, the fixing shaft can be easily attached and detached. In Fig. 5, 'the change in the shape of the center partition portion 4' is shown. Figure 5 (a) shows the rectangular model shown in Figure 1. Of course, it can also be a square model. Figure 5 (b) is a diamond shape. By forming a diamond shape, it is possible to suppress the hindrance of the aeration rising flow. Figure 5 (c) is a circular model. In addition, (d) is a teardrop shape. Either one of them makes the ascending flow caused by aeration smooth. These shapes can also be any of them. Further, in Fig. 5, the through hole 5 is formed so as to be present in the center partition portion 41, and may be changed as shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a view showing a membrane separation device 3 of the membrane element 1 of the present invention which overlaps and combines plural numbers. Each of the membrane elements is connected and fixed by holding the fixing holes 48 of the frame portion 33. In this manner, the requirement of the side edge portion of the fixed film member is referred to as a component fixing portion. In this manner, the element fixing portion includes a member that is coupled and fixed by the fixing hole 48 formed in the holding frame portion. Further, the case where the member having the fixed side edge portion is prepared on the frame of the membrane separation device means the portion. Since the through hole 50 is opened in the center partition portion, the fixing shaft 53 is passed through -15-200920471, and the center spacer portion 41 is press-fixed by the stopper tool 54 to fasten both ends. The stopper tool can suitably use a combination of a bolt and a nut, etc., but is not limited thereto. Further, in the drawing, the holding frame portion 33 is described as being fixed between the film elements, and may be fixed by other members of the fixed film element. In the present invention, the thickness 4 3 of the center spacer portion 4 is basically such that a certain degree of error is allowed to be maintained in such a manner that the predetermined film element interval formed by the holding frame portion 3 3 or the like is maintained. At this time, a positive tolerance is expected with respect to the membrane element interval. In Fig. 7, a plan view showing a state in which a plurality of film elements are stacked and a central spacer portion 41 is fixed by a shaft and a bolt is shown. If the allowable error of the thickness of the central partition portion with respect to the membrane element interval is a negative tolerance, the membrane separation device has a concave shape in the center as shown in Fig. 7(a). Once this is the case, it is also the case that the film elements of the approximately central portion of the element block are not fixed by the central spacer. On the other hand, the thickness of the central partition is a positive tolerance with respect to the interval between the membrane elements, and as shown in Fig. 7(b), the membrane separation device will be in the barrel shape. Thus, all of the membrane elements can be fixed to the central portion of the frame. However, in any of the cases of Figs. 7(a) and (b), once the deformation amount of the membrane separation device is large, the skew of the outer membrane element is large, and damage such as cracks will occur. Therefore, when the film separation apparatus is assembled, the thickness of the center partition portion is in a range in which stress such as damage to individual film elements is not applied, and the range in which all the film elements can be fixed is set. (Embodiment 2) In Fig. 8, another embodiment of the membrane element of the present invention is shown. In the embodiment of the present invention, in the first embodiment, the center spacer portion 4 1 integrally provided is separated from the spacer member 7 1 of the other members. The spacers 7 1 have the same through holes 54 as the through holes 50. Therefore, the overlapping spacers 7 1 and the through holes 50 can be clamped and fixed by the fixing shaft and the stopper tool. In this manner, the same effect can be obtained even if the center partition portion of Fig. 1 is separated. Further, in the eighth drawing, the spacer members 7 I interposed between the film members are formed as respective members, and the respective spacer members 7 1 may be joined. Further, if the central portion of the frame can be used to fix the membrane element, even if there is no through hole. Regardless of the presence or absence of the through hole 504, the spacer member 71 is fixed at a position where it does not slip or fall off when it is fixed by the fixing shaft. In this sense, the spacer member 7 1 must be disposed around the through hole 5 〇. Further, the material of the spacer member 7 1 is not particularly limited. As with the support plate 31, a material having high corrosion resistance is preferable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a membrane element relating to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the membrane element, (a) and (b) show how the membrane element vibrates, and (c) shows how the vibration is suppressed by the fixation at the central partition. Fig. 3 (a) (b) (c) (d) A front view of the upper edge portion of the membrane element, showing a change in the manner in which the central spacer is assembled. Fig. 4 (〇(b) (C) (d) Front view of the upper edge portion of the membrane element, showing the change in the assembly method of the central spacer. Fig. 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) The change of the shape of the central partition -17-200920471 is shown. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the membrane separation device combining the membrane elements of the present invention. Fig. 7(a)(b) shows the tolerance of the thickness according to the central partition. A plan view showing a state in which the membrane separation device is deformed. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the membrane element of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the structure of the membrane separation device. Fig. 1 is a view showing a membrane separation device. Example of the treated water flow analysis knot $ f. [Main component symbol description] 3 Membrane separation device (component block) 10 Membrane element 3 1 Support plate 33 Holding frame portion 4 1 Center spacer portion 50 Through hole 18 -