SU789807A1

SU789807A1 - Apparatus for determining integral nonlinearity of amplitude adjustment of pulse signal source

Info

Publication number: SU789807A1
Application number: SU782668392A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Светлана Григорьевна Голова; Владимир Николаевич Даниленко; Сергей Вячиславович Матвеев; Эдуард Константинович Степанов; Николай Васильевич Тютиков
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я Г-4126
Priority date: 1978-07-31
Filing date: 1978-07-31
Publication date: 1980-12-23

Description

Изобретение относится к электроизмерительной технике и может быть использовано для определения интегральной нелинейности генераторов импульсов стабильной амплитуды для спектрометров и других устройств подобного назначения. ⁵ The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to determine the integral nonlinearity of stable-amplitude pulse generators for spectrometers and other devices for this purpose. ⁵

Известен способ определения амплитудной нестабильности импульсных источников сигнала, основанный на измерении амплитудных распределений от проверяемого источника и источника импульсов двух высокостабильных амплитуд, в которой нестабильность амплитуды определяют по изменению относительного положения максимума амплитудных распределений, обусловленного одновременной регистрацией ; импульса проверяемого источника и источника высокостабилъных амплитуд £1J.A known method for determining the amplitude instability of pulsed signal sources, based on measuring the amplitude distributions from the source and the pulse source of two highly stable amplitudes, in which the instability of the amplitude is determined by changing the relative position of the maximum amplitude distributions due to simultaneous registration; pulse of the checked source and the source of highly stable amplitudes £ 1J.

Недостатком способа является низкая точность измерения амплитудной неста- _Μ бильности импульсных источников сигнала.A disadvantage of the method is the low accuracy of measurement of amplitude nonsta- _Μ bility pulsed signal sources.

Известен также способ измерения интегральной нелинейности установки ампли2 туды выходных импульсов импульсного источника сигналов, основанный на сравнении исследуемого сигнала с опорным. Представление об интегральной нелинейности установки амплитуды составляют по измеренным мгновенным значениям периодических импульсных напряжений. Значение интегральной нелинейности вычисляют по известному соотношению как отношение максимального отклонения значений амплитуд выходных импульсов от линейной градуировочной характеристики, проведенной через экспериментальные г точки по методу наименьших квадратов к максимальному значению напряжения в диапазоне амплитуд выходных импульсов исследуемого импульсного источника [2].Однако известный способ имеет недостаточную точность измерения, обусловленную погрешностью, возникающей при измерении мгновенных импульсных значений напряжения, которая обусловлена нестабильностью измерительного тракта.There is also a method for measuring the integral nonlinearity of the installation of the amplitude2 of the output pulses of a pulse signal source, based on a comparison of the signal under study with the reference signal. The idea of the integral nonlinearity of the amplitude setup is made from the measured instantaneous values of the periodic impulse voltages. The value of integral nonlinearity is calculated by the well-known relation as the ratio of the maximum deviation of the values of the amplitudes of the output pulses from the linear calibration characteristic drawn through the experimental g points using the least squares method to the maximum voltage in the range of amplitudes of the output pulses of the studied pulse source [2]. However, the known method has insufficient the accuracy of the measurement due to the error that occurs when measuring instantaneous pulse values on voltage, which is due to the instability of the measuring path.

Нель изобретения - повышение быстродействия и точности измерения интегральной нелинейности установки амплитуды импульсных источников сигналов.Nel invention - improving the speed and accuracy of measuring the integral nonlinearity of the installation of the amplitude of the pulse signal sources.

Указанная Пель достигается’ тем, что ₅в способе определения интегральной нелинейности установки амплитуды импульсных источников сигналов, основанном на сравнении исследуемого сигнала с опорным и определении искомой величины по соотно- ю шению исследуемого и опорного сигналов, одновременно набирают спектр измеряемого сигнала последовательным установлением амплитуды выходных импульсов импульсного источника сигнала с периодом 15 времени, меньшим среднего времени нестабильности измерительного тракта, и спектр опорного сигнала от образцовых спектрометрических гамма-источников, строят градуировочные характеристики 20 измерительного тракта и суммарную импульсного источника сигналов и измерительного тракта, аппроксимируя по ме тоду наименьших квадратов измеренные точки набранных спектров, выделяют срав- 25 нением построенных характеристик нелинейную часть характеристики импульсного источника сигналов, по которой определяют интегральную нелинейность установки амплитуды импульсного источника сигна- 30 пов.Said Pöhl is achieved by the fact that ₅ in a method for determining the integral nonlinearity of setting the amplitude of pulse signal sources, based on a comparison of the studied signal with the reference signal and determining the desired value from the ratio of the studied and reference signals, they simultaneously collect the spectrum of the measured signal by sequentially setting the amplitude of the output pulses a pulse signal source with a period of 15 times shorter than the average instability time of the measuring path, and the spectrum of the reference signal from the image spectrometric gamma sources, build the calibration characteristics of the 20 measuring path and the total pulse signal source and the measuring path, approximating the measured points of the acquired spectra using the least squares method, distinguish the nonlinear part of the characteristic of the pulse signal source by comparing the constructed characteristics, by which the integral nonlinearity of setting the amplitude of the pulse signal source - 30 rep.

На чертеже представлена блок-схема устройства, реализующего предлагаемый способ.The drawing shows a block diagram of a device that implements the proposed method.

Устройство содержит набор образцовых ³⁵спектрометрических гамма-источников 1, излучение· которых регистрирует детектор 2 с источником 3 смещения, к детектору подключен предусилитель 4, другой вход которого соединен с выходом генератора ⁴⁰5 импульсов стабильной амплитуды, выход предусилителя через формирующий усилитель 6, аналого-цифровой преобразователь 7 и многоканальный амплитудный анализатор 8 импульсов соединен с устройством 9 вывода информации. 'The device contains a set of exemplary ³⁵ spectrometric gamma sources 1, the radiation of which is detected by detector 2 with a bias source 3, a preamplifier 4 is connected to the detector, the other input of which is connected to the output of the generator ⁴⁰ 5 pulses of stable amplitude, the output of the preamplifier through a forming amplifier 6, analog a digital converter 7 and a multi-channel amplitude pulse analyzer 8 is connected to the information output device 9. ''

Способ реализуется следующим образом.The method is implemented as follows.

Набирают одновременно спектр от образцовых спектрометрических гамма-ис- ⁵⁰точников 1 и от исследуемого импульсного источника сигналов - генератора 5 импульсов стабильной амплитуды. Сигналы с выходов детектора 2 и генератора 5 импульсов стабильной амплитуды поступа- ^SSют на соответствующие входы предусилителя 4, в котором происходит их суммирование и предварительное усиление. С выхода предусилителя 4 сигналы суммарного спектра поступают : на формирующий усилитель 6 и далее - на вход аналогоцифрового преобразователя 7, с выхода которого сигналы в цифровой форме поступают на многоканальный амплитудный анализатор 8 импульсе® и устройство 9 вывода информации, включающее в себя цифропечатающий блок и блок вывода данных на перфоленту.Simultaneously gain spectrum of exemplary gamma-ray spectrometric used Tocnik 1 ⁵⁰ and the test pulse signal from the source - the pulse generator 5, a stable amplitude. Signals from the detector 2 and outputs the pulse generator 5 ^SS translational stable amplitude dissolved to respective inputs of a preamplifier 4, which is their summation and preamplification. From the output of the preamplifier 4, the signals of the total spectrum are supplied: to the forming amplifier 6 and then to the input of an analog-to-digital converter 7, from the output of which the signals are transmitted in digital form to the multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer 8 and the information output device 9, which includes a digital printing unit and a unit data output on punched tape.

По результатам измерений находят положения максимумов пиков амплитудных распределений и строят зависимости положений максимумов пиков амплитуды от энергии соответствующей гамма-линии (Е). Экспериментальные точки аппроксимируют полиномом по методу наименьших квадратов. Затем строят зависимость положения максимумов пике® генератора от значения отсчетного устройства G( Ψ ), которую также аппроксимируют полиномом. Полиномы N(E) и G ( Ч ) представляют в виде:According to the measurement results, the positions of the maxima of the peaks of the amplitude distributions are found and the dependences of the positions of the maxima of the amplitude peaks on the energy of the corresponding gamma line (E) are built. The experimental points are approximated by a least squares polynomial. Then, the dependence of the position of the maxima of the peak® generator on the value of the reading device G (Ψ), which is also approximated by a polynomial, is built. The polynomials N (E) and G (H) are represented as:

GWШ (2.) где Νο>Νι;(αο,θ·ι - соответственно коэффициенты «при прямых аппроксимирующих;GWш (2.) where Νο> Νι; (αο, θ · ι are the coefficients при for direct approximants;

b(E)> - нелинейные части.b (E)> are nonlinear parts.

Аналогичным образом представляют характеристику генератораSimilarly represent the characteristic of the generator

ЕЬП“-Е₀+Е.,Ч+е(и W где £ (φ) - зависимость амплитуды выходного импульса генератора от состояния отсчетного устройства;ЕП “-Е ₀ + E., Ч + е (and W where £ (φ) is the dependence of the amplitude of the output pulse of the generator on the state of the reading device;

Е_О,Е^ - коэффициенты при прямых аппроксимирующих,* в нелинейная часть.E ₀ , E ^ are the coefficients of direct approximants, * to the nonlinear part.

Так какBecause

GCO-(ЧСЕОП], то из (1) и (2) следует, чтоGCO- (HSEOP], then it follows from (1) and (2) that

Go-H_o . . Gi ^Ео⁼ Ν_Λ ’ Ν_Λ' ^ΝτGo-H _o . . Gi ^E o ⁼ Ν _Λ 'Ν _Λ ' ^Ν τ

Разложив h(E) в ряд Тейлора и оставив лишь два члена ряда, получаем ^пСЕ_о*М+е(ч)]т :п(Е_о+Е^)*п'(Е_о+Е,Ч)е(Ч)Expanding h (E) in a Taylor series, leaving only two terms of the series, we get ⁿ CE _o * M + f (h)] T: n (E _o + E ^) * n (E _o + E, H) e ( H)

Так как И(Е) - гладкая функция, то величина линейного члена равна ·ή(Ε_ο+ΕΛ) и ~ _Е > где Е - диапазон существенного измене- 5 ния И (Е), а значение е(Ц) - нелинейной части характеристики генератора составляет менее 1% значения И (Е).Since both (E) - a smooth function, then the value of the linear term is · ή (Ε _ο + ΕΛ) and ~ _E> where E - a range of significant changes of 5 Niya and (e), and the value of e (C) - a non-linear part the characteristics of the generator is less than 1% of the value of And (E).

Таким образом,Thus,

Ю п[Е_о+Е₄Ч + е(Ч)1Yu p [E _o + E ₄ H + e (H) 1

Тогда выражение для б(Ч) в упрошенном видеThen the expression for b (x) in a simplified form

Я(Ч)-п(Е_о*ЕЛ) ¹⁵ ^ew>- —--откуда по известному соотношению рассчитывают интегральную нелинейность импульсного (ИНЛ) источника сигналов 20I (C) -n (E _o * EL) ¹⁵ ^ew > - —-- from where, by the known relation, the integral nonlinearity of the pulsed (INL) signal source is calculated 20

ΜΗΛ-- ΪΏΐΒΜΠΜΗΛ-- ΪΏΐΒΜΠ

Предлагаемый способ определения интегральной нелинейности установки амппи- 25 туды'импульсных источников питания позволяет проводить более высокоточные и быстрые измерения по сравнению с извести ным способом за счет ликвидации нестабильности измерительного тракта. Одно- ₃₀временно повышается чувствительность измерительного тракта за счет одновременного набора и обработки спектра обоих сигналов.The proposed method for determining the integral nonlinearity of the installation of ampoules of 25 pulses of pulsed power supplies allows for more accurate and faster measurements compared to the lime method by eliminating the instability of the measuring path. Single ₃₀ temporarily increases the sensitivity of the measurement path due to the simultaneous selection and processing of the spectrum of the two signals.

Claims

The invention relates to an electrical measuring technique and can be used to determine the integral nonlinearity of stable amplitude pulse generators for spectrometers and other devices of similar purpose. A known method for determining the amplitude instability of pulsed signal sources is based on measuring the amplitude distributions from a test source and the source of pulses of two highly stable amplitudes, in which the amplitude instability is determined by changing the relative position of the maximum amplitude distributions due to the simultaneous registration of the pulse of the source being checked and source of highly stable amplitudes ll. The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy of measuring the amplitude instability of the pulsed signal sources. There is also known a method for measuring the intrinsic nonlinearity of setting the amplitude of the output pulse of a pulsed signal source, based on a comparison of the signal under investigation with a reference one. An idea of the integral nonlinearity of the amplitude setting is made up of the measured instantaneous values of the periodic impulse voltages. The value of the integral nonlinearity is calculated by the known relation as the ratio of the maximum deviation of the amplitudes of the output pulses from the linear graduation characteristic, performed through the experimental g points using the smaller squares method to the maximum voltage value in the amplitude range of the output pulses of the pulse source 2, but the known method has an insufficient accuracy of measurement, due to the error that occurs when measuring & rhenium instantaneous pulse values voltage, which is caused by instability of the measuring path. The purpose of the invention is to increase the speed and accuracy of measuring the integrability of the installation of the amplitude of the impulse signal sources. This circuit is achieved by the fact that in the method of determining the integral nonlinearity of setting the amplitude of pulsed signal sources, based on comparing the signal under study with the reference signal and determining the desired value from the ratio of the signal under investigation and reference signal, at the same time gain the spectrum of the signal being measured by successively amplifying the pulse of the pulse source signal with time period less than the average time of instability of the measuring path, and the spectrum of the reference signal from the sample New spectrometric gamma sources, build calibration characteristics of the measuring path and total pulse signal source and measuring path, approximate the least squares measured points of the acquired spectra, and compare the nonlinear part of the characteristic of the pulsed signal source, which determines the integral nonlinearity set the amplitude of the pulse source of signals. The drawing shows the block diagram of the device that implements the proposed method. The device contains a set of exemplary gamma-ray spectrometry sources 1, the radiation of which detects detector 2 with a bias source 3, is connected to a detector preamp 4, the other input of which is connected to the output of a generator of 5 stable amplitude pulses, the output of a preamplifier through a shaping amplifier 6, an analog-to-digital converter 7 and a multichannel amplitude analysis torus 8 pulses connected to the device 9 of the output information. The method is implemented as follows. At the same time, the spectrum is collected from standard spectrometric gamma sources 1 and from a pulsed source of signals under study - a generator of 5 pulses of stable amplitude. The signals from the outputs of the detector 2 and the generator 5 of stable amplitude pulses are received at the corresponding inputs of preamplifier 4, in which they are summed and preamplified; From the output of preamplifier 4, the signals of the total spectrum arrive; to the forming amplifier 6 and further to the input of the analog-digital converter 7, from the output of which signals in digital form are sent to a multichannel amplitude analyzer 8 pulse and information output device 9, which includes digital printing block and data output unit to punched tape. According to the results of measurements, the positions of the maxima of the peaks of the amplitude distributions are found and the dependencies of the positions of the maxima of the amplitude peaks are determined from the energy of the corresponding gamma line (E). Experimental points are approximated by a polynomial using the least squares method. Then, the dependence of the position of the maxima of the pixel generator on the value of the reading device G (f) is constructed, which is also approximated by a polynomial. The polynomials N (E) and G (H) are represented as: H (E) NQth E 4-viiEl (i G, (4) - G ,,. (4), iS.) Where No, NiiQo, G - respectively, the coefficients "for direct approximating / 1 (- nonlinear parts. In a similar way, represent the characteristic of the generator E (FH-Eo E H e SCH), (61 where E СЧ) - dependence of the amplitude of the output pulse of the generator on the state of the reading device; ЕО B - coefficients for direct approximating, e (t () - non-linear part. Since G (.f) (H), then from (1) and (2) it follows that. -. Gi -TN% (Decomposing and ( E) in the Taypor range, leaving only two members of the row, we obtain .if + eC) n () h (, 4) e (4) 5 Since E (E ) is a smooth function, then the linear term is equal to. b (Eo-tE, f) n, where E is the range of significant change and (E), and the value of & () is the non-core part of the generator characteristic is less than 1% And (E), Thus, n Eo-E Ch-eC1 L-nUo-Ei) Then the expression for e (f) in a simplified form with () - and () ew-, from which the integral nonlinearity of the impulse (INL) signal source INL--, ax The proposed method for determining the integral nonlinearity of the amplitude setting of the pulsed power sources will be higher coexact and rapid measurement compared with izves yym manner by eliminating the instability of the measuring path. At the same time, the sensitivity of the measuring path is increased due to the simultaneous acquisition and processing of the spectrum about their signal. The invention The method of determining the integral nonlinearity of the amplitude setting of a pulsed source of a BER signal based on the comparison of the signal under investigation with the reference and determination of the desired value according to the ratio of the test and reference signals, which, in order to improve speed and accuracy of measurement, OAHODpes Ref the spectrum of the measured signal by amplifying the amplitude of the output pulses of the pulse source of the sipnal with a period of time less than the average time of non-stable from The test path, and the reference signal spectrum from exemplary spectrometric gamma sources, builds the calibration characteristics of the measuring path and the total - pulsed source and measuring path, approximated by the least squares method H3NfepeH points of the acquired spectra, distinguish by comparing the constructed characteristics the nonlinear part of the k-curve characteristic. signal source, which determines the integral nonlinearity of the installation of the amplitude of the impulsant signal source. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate 338855, cl. G O1 R 19 / OO, 1969.

2. Abrosimov I. L., Krynin N. M., Neustroev L. S., Shumeiko L. V. A device for measuring the instantaneous values of impulse voltages. - Measuring equipment, 1970, № 7, p. 48-50.