SU716403A1 - Optical correlator for identifying images - Google Patents

Abstract

Optical correlator DNP RASPOZNAVASCH1YA image having an 'amplitude light modulator, electronically] ri- cheskyy input' are connected to amplifiers mismatch and optn < * esky input is coupled to the output of the first collimator, second and bursting ^ collimator natritsy photodetectors whether it beamsharding, characterized in that, in order to extend the functional al-nyo capabilities by processing two-dimensional images, 2D real-time, in; The optical correlator introduced two electronically switchboards, two-controlled delays and control delays, the outputs of which were connected to one another! They are connected to the outputs of the first and second switches, respectively, the inputs of which are connected to the first and second matrixes, respectively; photodetectors., LODs of controlled delay lines. . connected to the first and second inputs of the error amplifier, the optical input of the first splitter is the input of the correlator, the first optical output of the first, first splitter is connected to the input of the first photodetector array, the second optical output is connected to the input of the first collimator an axial modulator of light through a second beam splitter, a second collimator. is associated with the input of t {) matrix of the matrix. photodetectors, the second optical output of the second beam splitter through the third collimator is connected with the input of the second matrix of photodetectors, ШfS ^ S "^ шш

Description

The invention relates to the field of: statistical processing methods. random processes by analogue analog-to-digital methods and may find application for recognition

images in; real-time scale.

The 11 analogue optoelec- tronic correlator based on the principles of optical information processing is known. This device contains a light source, two transparencies, a spacer, a diaphragm, lenses, and a photo receiver. , . This optical correlator relates to instrumentation 1M means of correlation analysis of random processes recorded on a photographic j and is characterized; low speed, due to the delay in the processing time of the photocarrier, significant expenditure of the carrier due to its single use, nmebt high cost due to the presence of expensive optical elements with a high class of surface processing accuracy. It has limited functionality and a narrow class of tasks to be rebuilt, i.e. provides a correlation between the given image and the standard, but does not propose to find the correlation of the TIj dependence between the elements of the analyzed image itself. A multichannel optical correlator, adopted as a prototype, is known that operates without recording the input signals iia and is used to find the correlation effect between two electrical signals converted for this by means of a plurality of electrical signal to optical and light converters. At the same time, one of the electrical signals goes directly to the converter, and the second through a set of Pa15AlShlh E1Lektr yoyky delay lines is fed to the corresponding number of converters. In the device type, an amplitude modulator of light is applied, the electrical input of which is connected to the error amplifier, and the optical input is connected to the first collimator. The prototype contains second and third collimators, arrays of photoreceivers and beam splitters. In this correlator, the light emission from these transducers is. by means of a light guide skip}: aa yes lee amplitude modulator of light, controlled by a de-amplification amplifier.:; At THIS and BbKoJ e, the output collimator formed by the optical fibers is obtained after parallel integration of pb time at the same time as the mutual correlation function of two electrical signals in real time scale. A disadvantage of the prototype device is that it is not suitable for processing input-image signals. It is not capable of calculating: spatial correlation functions over the image surface (according to the elements of the display) in real time or quasi-time scale. In the meantime, dp solutions for many image recognition tasks need to find both spatial and temporal correlation functions over the surface of the analyzed image (by the image elements in real or real-time scale. In this connection, the aim of the invention is to create A functional correlator that extends functionality by processing two-dimensional real-time images, as well as a class of optical correlators that can be solved by the optical correlator. l recognition, no images containing an amplitude light modulator, the electrical input of which is connected to the amplification amplifier maker, and the optical input is connected to the output of the first collimator for the second and third collimators, photodetector arrays, beamers, two electronic switches,; controllable delay lines And a control unit, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of electronic switches and controllable delay lines, whose inputs are connected to the outputs of the first and second electronic to commutators, B opti which correspond sedineny. Correspondingly, with the first and second matrixes of photodetectors, the outputs of the controlled delay lines are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the error amplifier, the optical input of the first optical splitter. It is the input to the correlator, the first optical output of the first Sveto-. the divider is connected to the input of the first photodetector array, the second optical output is connected to the input of the first collimator, the output of the amplitude light modulator. Through the second ECU, the second collimator, the second collimator is connected to the input of the third matrix of photo receivers, the second optical one, the second beam splitter, is connected via the third collimator to the second matrix of the photoprice recorder. The drawing shows an optical correlator. . . . I Input image. enters the beam splitter 2, where its light nofoK is divided into two parts, Part, through the beam splitter 2, FD 5 goes further through the collimator 3 and then through the amplitude modulator of light 4, the output of which is set to the beam splitter 5, where the luminous flux is divided into two things. The part that passes through the beam splitter 5 passes further through the collimator 6 and enters the matrix of photoreceivers 7, the outputs of which are the outputs of the device. Part of the luminous flux reflected from the beam splitter 5 passes through the collimator 8, the output of which is set to the photoreceiver matrix. 9. The outputs of the photodetector array 9 are connected to the Electronic switch 10, the output of which is connected to the input of the electric controlled delay line 11, its output is connected to the input of the error amplifier 12 and the last input is connected to the control input of the amplitude light modulator 4, .. Part the light flux of the input image 1, reflected from the splitter 2, is fed to the matrix of photodetectors 13, the outputs of which are connected to the electronic switch 14, its output is connected to the input of an electric controlled delay line 15, and The output is connected to e) the opposite side of the error amplifier 12, Switches 10 and 14, and the controlled delay lines AND 15 are connected via the corresponding blocks to the control unit 16. The device works as follows. The input image 1 X (t) X X | j (t) (i, j 1, 2, ...,., 0 enters the beam splitter 2, where it is divided into two parts in proportion to ha,; n, where ni, X (t5 . „Is the transmitted light flux; and otchrashenny, moreover, mn,. The transmitted light flux goes through collimator 9, which narrows the beam diameter, and I through the amplitude modulus p, light 4, from the output of which the light flux comes to the input of the splitter 5, equal to: ("- / STfi -w. where P is the constant coefficient of Light loss, and k (V) is the varying coefficient of transmission, t, of the amplitude modulator of the light. This light is again divided by the light; with In this case, by means of a splitter 5 into two parts in proportion, the part passing through the beam splitter 4 passes further through the collimator 6, the expanding beam of the light, and enters the matrix of photodetectors 7, having a luminous flux equal to | m J p. A part of the light inflow, reflecting 11 a c from the beam splitter 5, passes through the collicator 8, the spreading beam, and enters the matrix of photodetectors 9, having a light flux D 2JlIti raj + Pa Р SiBi5 j (,. (m, + n,) (mjj + n2) Р k (V) X (t) / 2. With the help of an electronic switch, selection and connection of any element of the image X; j (t) having a matrix of photodetectors having been transformed 9. The following equivalent: lij (t) F k (v) x, -j (t) oi ;; i, j I, 2 ,, ,,., п ,. (4) de {oi; j are constant coefficients of the transformation of the photodetectors of matrix 9. Usually fcijj 5 o / t, therefore l- (t) oiP 2ik (v) x- (t); i, j 1, 2 ,,,, n. (5). The signal (5) passes through an electric controlled delay line 1, where it is delayed by a variable belt C,: From the output of the electric controlled delay line 11, this electric signal 1 ij (t-rr) goes to the error amplifier "IZ Part of the light flux in the image I, reflected from the splitter 2, is fed to the matrix of photodetectors 13. Through the electronic switch C, the selection and connection to the input of the electric controlled delay line 15 of any image element Gx can be made ;; (t), having, after transformation by the matrix of photodetectors 13, has the following sneKtpnic a quivalent: 1 1, j 1,2 ..., N. where GAjj 1 is the absolute conversion factors of the photodetectors of the matrix 13. Usually f / J} jl ro jnoaTOMy: (t) -ct -., (t); i j 1, 2, ..., N. The signal (7) passes through an ejectric controllable delay line of 15 G. It is connected to the circuit: is time. V. - -; - { one .. : ; From the output of the block 15, the signal 1j: () is fed to the second input of the error controller 12. Due to the negative feedback from the output of the amplitude light modulator D to its control input, the balance is automatically maintained. schemes, with which 11 and 1l or km. . 8) mf Р X; j (t-V) From here, taking into account (2), we get: ;; x. (t). | i | E | ix (t); (Having carried out the integration (9) in the plane of the output matrix of the photodetector NIK0B 7, the functionalities vbc (t) dtdx, V о, it, 2ut, i, J ,,, 1 1, 2, ..., Г; X € L iHcrto of points N is due to the way of (k, 1) -th and (i, j) -ro elementos of XeiltoiEi image. Controlling the operation of electronic comforters IO and 14, as well as about 11 "and 15" ocyineefBrtffefc: i pT 8l ka 16Yu11aNaLiN. Spatial-time integration is carried out on a matrix of photodetectors 7 installed at the device output. If const is set. Then, in accordance with (1), the output The odes of the photodetector matrix 7 after integration over the time Tj will simultaneously receive (K - 1) points of temporal intercorrelation functions and one point of the autocorrelation function over the surface of the image of R-. RjeCti- K) with JXj ()) dt; v ,, 4 j - 1, 2, ... ,, N, 1. 0,1,2, .., By iterating over the index, N-pas (for all elements of the input image) can be obtained sets from K type functions. (II) (N points for N f | functions). If we again submit to the input of the correlator a realization of the image of the flow of time T, then it varies all the times with | (k in 1,2, ..,). By means of the controlled delay line 1, it is possible to obtain new points Rj (t,) of temporal inter-autocorrelation functions of the image elements corresponding to different temporal shifts t. The set of such function-points P. jg (t, f)) for each pair of elements Xj and represents the POINTS of the temporal interconnection and autocorrelation function for the image elements Xj and. For any fixed point in time t, correlation functions over the surface of the image for each element can be found. if it is not possible to integrate over time, as in (ii) and install. ,, 0. The point functions of these correlation functions are: n,, I) Z.X.:(t)X(jn)}::: j-v. ., .-. k i, 2, ... / n. 1 - 0,1,2, ..., N. Obviously, there will be N such correlation functions over the surface for N points. If you expand expression (12), it will be seen that it can be calculated by columns, while at j I all 3Jii MpHTUs of the first column are calculated at one time and sent to the fifth block of the Ii6 equation, then, at j 2, simultaneously all elements of the second column

etc. Then, to obtain the functions of points in a digital computer, the elements calculated by the correlator are summed.

By combining both of the considered modes, it is possible to model more complex spatial-intermixed dependencies. Electronic switches allow you to iterate through the indices, and thus the mode) 1image correlation function for any points depicted. This makes it possible to detect and recognize patterns invariant from their location in the input image.

  Experimental studies of this device on

1640310

laboratory layout confirmed its merits.

The technical and economic effect of this invention is that this invention significantly expands the fuzzy capabilities and class of solved optical correlators that work with fQ in real time and also allows for a microtechnological design and an automated process of production that ensures highly reliable 15 compact devices suitable for operation in various conditions Lennoety, and onboard sfstem flying and floating objects.

Claims (1)

OPTICAL CORRELATOR FOR IMAGE RECOGNITION, containing an amplitude light modulator whose electrical input is connected to the error amplifier, and the optical input is connected to the output of the first collimator, the second and third collimators, photodetector arrays, whether or not it is possible to extend the functionality by processing two-dimensional images in real vre- meni, two electronic switches are introduced into the optical correlator, two \ ·