SU1836677A3 - Decoder of coordinating-motor activity for a biotechnical adaptable controller - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to biotechnical adaptable devices for keyless input of information without involving eyes, for example, in the consoles of navigation systems, control and registration of information, in simulators and is intended for completing them.

The decoder provides the conversion into a digital code of quasi-phonemic coordinate-motor (CM) movements, movements of fingers and a hand, the decoder, equivalent to alphabet signs, numbers and programming symbols, can be used in biotechnical devices for various purposes, including training and rehabilitation of visually impaired.

The aim of the invention is to provide ease of use and reduce the number of standard sizes.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a decoder; in fig. 2 and 3 - block diagrams of activity blocks of the flexors of the fingers, extensors and the hand, the formation of the column code; in fig. 4 decoder (top view); figure 5 is a view of the decoder on the left; in fig. 6 - section b-b in Fig. 4; in fig. 7 is a section along B-B in FIG. 4; in fig. 8 is a block diagram of the scanning unit of the serviced controller; in fig. 9 is a block diagram of the hand activity simulator, which is also part of the controller: FIG. 10 - matrices A, C with uppercase letters of the Russian and Latin alphabets and lowercase letters (HP); in fig. 11 - matrix E and functional symbols; in fig. 12 is a view along arrow D in FIG. 4; in fig. 13 - register:

1836677 AZ in Fig. 14 - timing diagrams of the elements of the scanning unit.

The activity decoder 1 KM contains a block 2 of sensors 3-6 of flexors of the fingers of the hand from the second to the fifth, a block of 7 sensors 8 and 9 of the activity of the extensors of the index and middle fingers, sensors 10 and 11 of the activity of the thumb abductor and its flexor, block 12 of quasi-sensors 13-15 adduction, retraction and lifting of the hand, block 16 for generating the code of the column of the current symbol in the matrix, the first 17 and second 18 groups of inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs 19 and 20 of blocks 2 and 7. The third group of inputs 21 of block 16 and its fourth input 22 are address and synchronization inputs of the decoder, the readout output 23 of which is connected to the output of the block 16, and the group of outputs 24 of the block 12 are decoder outputs at the coordinate of the line Y1, Y3 of the current symbol and the state of the recorder. For the decoder, which is intended for the right hand, the upper register (BP) is formed by lifting the hand, and with the help of the decoder, which is installed on the left hand, by lifting the hand, the coordinate U4 is formed, the fourth row of the matrix.

To explain the operation of the decoder, its external connections are shown, for example, with the scanning unit 25 and the simulator unit 26, which are included in the serviced biotechnical controller. FIG. 1, blocks 25 and 26 are shown in dotted lines as external to the decoder.

FIG. 1 denotes the address outputs 28 and synchronization 29 of the block 25, its input 30 to control the start and read the code of the current symbol, the first 31 and second 32 groups of simulator inputs along the coordinate of the line of the symbol being formed by the CM, respectively, using the left and right decoders. Synchronization output 33 for a symmetrical left decoder, the second input 34 of the block, connected to the bus acknowledgment (ACK). moreover, the input 30 of the block 25 is connected to the outputs 23 of the decoders through the generalization element 35.

Sensors 3-6 of block 2 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) record the contact of the proximal phalanges from the second to the fifth fingers and are located: sensors Zi 4 symmetrically on the figured bar 36. which is connected to the first post 38 (Figs. 4, 5 and 12 ), and sensors 5 and 6 are placed on a conventional bar 37 symmetrically to the second post 39 relative to the axis A of the forearm at an angle of 30 to 40 °. These racks are made of two halves, between which the wiring from the sensors (not shown) is laid. The uprights are located between 2.3 and 4.5 fingers and the upper part is mounted on sliders 40 and 41, respectively, fixed with screws in the grooves 42 of the bracket 43, which is installed on the back of the palm.

In block 2 (Fig. 3-6) and block 7, the inputs of the sensors 3-6 and 8-11 are connected to the outputs 19 and 20 of the blocks through series-connected limiting resistors 44 and 45, amplifiers 46 and 47 and elements NOT 48 and 49.

Sensors 8 and 9 of block 7 are mounted on platforms 50 connected symmetrically to the first post 38 (Fig. 4). They are placed over the proximal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd toes. The sensor 10 is installed from below on the bar 36 above the distal phalanx of the BP, and the sensor 11 is installed opposite the phalanx of the BP. Contacts 51 and 52 of quasi-sensors 13 and 14 of block 12 are fixed from below on a strip 53 (Figs. 3-5), which is attached to a hollow rod 54, fixed to an arm 43 with a hinge 55, and on an arm 56 of a cuff 57 with a hinge 58 Mating contacts 59 are connected to the plate 60 adjacent to the hand. Contact 61 of the third quasi-sensor 15 is mounted on the bracket 56. and its counter contact is mounted in the strip 63. mounted on the rod 54 near the hinge 58.

The multiplexer 64 of the unit 16 (Fig. 2) is connected to its output 23 through the amplifier 65, and its information inputs are connected to the inputs 17 and 18 of the unit. Address inputs and synchronization are connected to the third group of inputs 21 and to the fourth input 22 of the block.

The scanning unit 25 (Fig. 8) contains an AND element 66, a divider 67, a readout register 68, a counter 69, the first 70 and second 71 elements NOT, an η-channel amplifier 72 and a pulse generator (P4) 73. The output of which is connected to the input divider 67 and to the first input 74 of the NAND element 66. the second input of which is connected to the second input 34 of the block. The output of the divider 67 is connected to the first input 75 of the read register 68, the second input 76 of which is connected to the start input 30 of the unit, and the output is connected to the input of the first element NOT 70 and to the third input 77 of the element AND NOT 66, the output of which is connected to the counting input of the counter 69 which is connected by the third output (4) to the input of the second element NOT 71.

The outputs of the counter 69. The output and the input of the second HE element 71 and the output of the first HE element 70 are connected to the corresponding outputs. 28. 29.33 and 78 of block 25 through amplifier 72.

The simulator 26 (Fig. 9) has the first and second elements 79 and 80 of the generalization, the first 81, the second 82 and the third 83 EXCLUSIVE OR elements, and the inputs of the first element 79 of the generalization are connected to the inputs 31 and 32 of the block along the generalized coordinate Y1 of the first (lower) the rows of the current character in the matrix (FIGS. 10 and 11). The inputs of the second element 80 generalization are connected to the first and second inputs 31 and 32 at the Y3 coordinate of the third (top) row of the character in the matrix.

The inputs of the first element 81 EXCLUSIVE OR are connected to the inputs of elements 79 and 80 and to the outputs 84 of the simulator at the coordinates of the string of the current symbol Y1, Y2. One of the inputs of the third element 83 EXCLUSIVE OR is connected to one of the inputs 31 along the Y4 coordinate of the fourth row of the matrix corresponding to the output 84, and its second input is connected to the log bus. 1. The inputs of the second element 82 EXCLUSIVE OR are connected to the outputs of the first and third elements 81 and 83 EXCLUSIVE OR, and its output is the output of the simulator at the coordinate of the second row Y2 of the current symbol in the matrix.

In blocks 2, 7 and 12 (Fig. 2.3), the position 27 denotes the setting resistors, and the contacts 13-15 of the quasi-sensors of the block 12 are connected to the outputs 24 of the block through the limiting resistors 85, the first 86 and the second 87 amplifiers.

The decoder is intended for the CM of quasi-speech formation of the column code and the line of the current symbol by the movement of the finger and hand without involving sight along the generalized coordinates X, Y of activity in accordance with the simulator matrix selected from the memory 9 fig. 10, 11), which is achieved after the adaptation of the operator and the development of a new function in him at the level of a stable quasi-speech reflex.

The following distribution is adopted between the decoder blocks. Block 2 is intended for:

converting the flexor activity of one of the operator's fingers, when it touches SP 3-6, into coordinate 1 of the symbol column;

limiting, amplifying and inverting activity signals.

Block 7 is intended for: forming a column of functional symbols for computer control and switching pages of matrix memory (Fig. 11) using SP 8 and 9;

formation by activating the flexor of the thumb (BP) and impact on the SP 11 of the 6th coordinate of the column (for the right hand);

forming by activating the BP tap and affecting the SP 10 symbol Calling a symmetric matrix (B or C).

Block 12 is designed to form the generalized coordinates of the first and third lines of the current symbol in the matrix by retraction and adduction of the hand and exposure to quasi-sensors 13 and 14;

switching the input mode from lower register (HP) to upper register (BP) by raising the hand (right) and acting on the quasi-sensor 15;

forming the fourth (upper) coordinate of the current character string by lifting the left hand.

Block 16 is intended for: cyclic reception of the address code and interrogation of the activity of the sensors of blocks 2 and 7 with the arrival of a synchronization strobe (log.0) (more precisely, the resolution potential of sampling the code of the X column of the current symbol);

issuing an enhanced activity signal. 'They start working with the decoder after the operator has worked out a stable skill in the form of a quasi-speech KM reflex, a new function in humans, on simulators.

If there are no simulators, then the biotechnical adaptable controller (LHC) should be equipped with two symmetric decoders, and the LHC outputs are connected to the display. To speed up the learning of the blind, known tactile displays should be installed in feedback, on which information is presented in a point-relief (TP) font, for example, in the Bayle code, and is provided by complex digital speech synthesizers.

KM symbols equivalent to the characters of the alphabet (Figs. 10 and 11) are mastered gradually, and uppercase letters are worked out by KM equivalents in the form of generalized movements in accordance with the matrix A with upper case (BP). The X coordinate of the column is formed according to the activity of the flexor of one or another finger. To enter lowercase letters, use similar movements, but with lower case (HP), when the hand (right) is directed along the axis of the forearm, more precisely, it is in the plane of the forearm.

The matrix C contains the Latin characters of the alphabet, and for the convenience of keyless input, the numbers and syntax characters in the specified matrix are duplicated. Matrix B is right-symmetric and matrix C is left-symmetric. Accordingly, for prompt input of symmetric matrices, a characteristic CM movement is performed with the thumb (BP), for matrix C - with the left hand, for matrix B - with the right hand.

Unlike the Robotron typewriter, for the convenience of working with texts in which the Latin alphabet is used, the decoder allows information to be entered in upper and lower case (BP and HP),

Immediately before work, the bracket 43 (Fig. 4) is installed on the corresponding hand and fixed on the back of the hand, and the cuff on the wrist. Then the decoder is connected by means of a connector to the inputs-outputs of the controller units 25 and 26 (Fig. 1) and the power is turned on.

Then, in the scanning unit 25, rectangular pulses with a frequency f 1 from the output of the GI 73 (Fig. 8 and 14a) are fed to the input of the divider 67 and to the first input 73 of the NAND element 66. The divided frequency f2 (Fig. 146) of the pulse signals arrives from the output of the divider 67 to the clock input 75 of the register 68 readout, setting at its output the level log. 1 (Fig.14c).

From the output of the first element NOT 70 through the amplifier 72 to the output 78 of the block 25, the potential (Fig. 14d) prohibiting reading) writing is supplied. According to the resolving potential - log.1 “from the output of the readout register 68, which is set at the third input 77 of the AND-NOT element 66, pulse signals fi are received at the counter input of the counter 69. The counter 69 counts the pulses and with the output signals of the binary code through the amplifier 72 interrogates the block 16 of the decoder at the first inputs 21.

The decoder works as follows.

In accordance with the X code generated by the counter 69 of block 25, the multiplexer 64 in block 16 cyclically polls outputs 19 and 20 of blocks 2 and 7 when the log signal appears. 0 in the most significant bit of the counter (Fig. 8). those. when the permission signal arrives at the input 22 to block 16. If a log comes to the synchronizing input 22. 1". then the operation of block 16 is prohibited. If the operator does not touch the SP 3-6 and 8-11, then the activity signal at outputs 19 and 20 is absent - logic 0.

When the operator touches one of the SP through the electric capacitance introduced by him at the input of the amplifier 46 (47) (Fig. 2), a DC or AC signal with noise and bounce appears. The sensor signal is further amplified by the transistor of the amplifier 46 and formed into pulse signals by the inverting element 48, which are fed to the corresponding output 19 (20) of the above-mentioned units. Thus, when the operator forms the coordinate of the column of the current symbol with a certain CM movement of his hand, then at the time η of the installation of the binary code signals of the three least significant bits of the counter 69, the code corresponds to this generalized coordinate and the turned on sensor. Unit 16 generates a burst of pulse signals (Fig. 14 and), which from the output of the multiplexer 64 through the amplifier 65 is fed to the input 30 of the unit 25 and then, via the second input 76, starts the read register 68, at the bits of which the zero code signals are set. At the same time, pulse signals f2 from the output of the divider 67 are fed to the input 75 of the register 68, while its bits do not have time to be filled with signals of a single code. As a result, the signal log.0 from the input of register 68 closes the passage of the pulse signals fi GI through the NAND element 65 and the counter 69 stops. As a result, the Xi code is issued from the outputs 28 of block 25, and the Y code is issued from the outputs 24 of block 12, which are recorded with a signal from the output 78 (decoder) of block 25.

The pulse signal PPr at the input 34 of the unit 25 confirms the receipt of information by an external device (not shown) and maintains the NAND element 66 in a closed state. When the finger moves away from the SP, the decoder returns the circuit of block 25 to its original state.

Let's consider the process of forming the coordinates of the current character string. In the absence of signals at the outputs 24 of block 12 (Fig. 3) at the input and output of elements 79 and 80 generalization (Fig. 9) there are low-level signals log. "0", then at the output of the third element 83 EXCLUSIVE OR log is set. "1. Hence. at the output of the simulator 26 (Fig. 9) along the Y2 coordinate log. ”1, and on the other outputs - log. 0, since the current character (Fig. 10,

11) can be formed only on one generalized line.

When the coordinates of the line Y1 or Y3 are formed, the hand is abducted or brought and the quasi-sensors 13 and 14 are affected. For any of these activities of the hand, a single potential appears at the output of elements 79 and 80 of generalization (Fig. 9), which causes the log signal to be inverted. 0 at the output of the first 81 EXCLUSIVE OR gate. Therefore, the signal is log. " G on the Y2 coordinate is inverted, and signal 1 is set at the output on the Y1 or Y3 coordinate. The same happens when you enter the character of the 4th line at the Y4 coordinate. As for the temporal organization of the Y coordinate, even with the simultaneous formation of X, Y coordinates, one should take into account the time interval formed by the readout register 68, which makes it possible to extinguish bounce (Fig. 146, d and u).

Raising the right hand leads to the closure of contacts 15 of the third quasi-sensor and the formation of a log. 1 on the BP bus of the simulator outputs 26. When lowering the hand, the formation of equivalents of lowercase characters of the alphabet is carried out.

Formation of functional symbols (Fig. 11) is carried out when activating the extensors of the 2nd and 3rd fingers when exposed to the joint ventures 8 and 9 of block 7 (Fig. 2). The call of the symmetrical matrix is carried out using SP 10 by the action of the distal phalanx of the BP.

Blocks 2, 7 and 12 and 16 of the decoder are made on integrated circuits of the middle level, for example, on the 533 series:

amplifiers 46, 47 and 86 - on transistor matrices 2NT251, elements NOT 48, 49 - on 5330N1. amplifiers 65, 87 - for 533LA6, multiplexer 62 - for 533KP7. limiting resistors 44.45 and 85 at C2-43H-0.125-3.9 kOhm.

setting resistors 27 - at С2ЗЗН-0.123-2 mOhm.

In blocks 26 and 25, microcircuits of the 533 series are also used. The shift register 68 is made on a parallel-serial shift register of the 533IR9 type. FIG. 13 shows a diagram of its inclusion.

The invention provides significant convenience in working with texts in Eastern and European alphabets and due to the extremely compressed by multiple generalization of the CM of movements, equivalents, alphabet, high speed of keyless formation and input of characters without attracting eyes. As CM activations used in the decoder:

activation of the flexors of the five fingers of the hand and the EP diverter, i.e. 6;

activation of two extensors (second and third fingers of the hand), generalized abduction-adduction of the hand and its lifting, i.e. 8 + 3 = 11 activations per decoder, of which only 5 will most often be used.

Calculations have shown that 240 characters can be placed on one page of matrices for on-line computer input of information. Decoders allow you to quickly access any memory page out of 24 using one-letter page call commands. This allows expanding the array of various symbols of the European and Eastern alphabets up to 5670.

In addition, on any page it is possible to control a personal computer using 24 functional symbols, carrying out text writing, programming and information output to the carrier.

To compare the productivity of the operator KM of quasi-speech input of information and the user of the glove-interface, it is possible to point out the fact that the said glove provides information input with dactyl symbols of deaf and dumb characters in the amount of 80 lowercase and uppercase alphabets, numbers and syntax symbols.

To ensure equal input conditions with the decoder, 72 users must be seated side by side with a glove. It is clear that any enterprise or foreign company cannot afford to provide so many jobs.

Due to these conveniences, with the help of reflective CM input without affecting the keyboard, it is possible to significantly facilitate the working conditions of typesetters, translators, typists, computer operators and increase their productivity.

The decoder provides control over the width of the wrist by the bracket 43 due to the displacement of the sliders 40 and 41 (with racks 38, 39) from the axis A (Figs. 2-5). With the mass production of decoders, this will save money.

Currently, technical documentation is being issued at the working stage.

The general views shown in FIG. 4-7, 12, functional cells 89 on three printed circuit boards 60x32.5 in size (Fig. 7), tests of the prototype of the controller equipped with the inventive decoder were carried out.

The register 68 (Fig. 8, 13) readout is made on the shift register, the serial data input of which is connected to the first clock input C1 and the first input 75 of the register 68. Input 2 for enabling parallel loading is connected to the second clock input C2 and the second input, trigger input 76 of the register ... The DO-DZ inputs of parallel data download are connected to the zero bus, and the output of the most significant bit is the output of register 68.

The decoder provides keyless CM control of the computer by activating the extensors of the index fingers, which form the CM equivalents of the mandatory control symbols, which are shown in the 2 central columns of the matrices D, E and F (Fig. 11), and the coordinates of the line of the current functional symbol are shown in the vertical column between the matrices E and F. Similarly to the letter matrices A, C, the second coordinate Y2 is generated automatically by the simulator, at low signal levels at the inputs 31 and 32 (Fig. 9) of the simulator along the coordinates Υ7.Ύ3 and Y4. If there is a high level signal at one of the inputs 31 and 32, the output from the second EXCLUSIVE OR element 82 is blocked, and the corresponding high signal level is set at the output Y1, Y3 or Y4.

The Y4 coordinate of the fourth row of matrices is formed when the left hand is lifted, and with the help of activations of the middle finger of the hand, commands F1, F2 ... F24 are entered to call one or another page of matrix memory, the inclusion of which is indicated on the controller display in a 10x4 matrix of alphabetic characters and in 4x4 ₄ format _{of the} current functional symbol matrix (FIG. 11). When symmetric matrices C or B are called, the corresponding control symbols are simultaneously displayed on the display screen, for example, a matrix of function symbols D or F.

Thus, the operator's work with constant texts is greatly facilitated, because he can call any matrix from the memory array, i.e. metamatrix, and quickly manage the recording of information on the display, printout of data, the formation of comments, in any European language, data transfer to memory, programming in any language. The operator's hands remain open on all sides, which excludes overheating and fatigue, the position can be chosen as arbitrary, the most relaxed. The decoder greatly facilitates the study of oriental languages with complex graphics of letters and hieroglyphs.

Claims (3)

Claim A decoder of coordinate-motor activity for a biotechnical adaptable controller, containing a block of sensors for the activity of the flexors of the fingers, a block of sensors for the activity of the extensors of the fingers and a block of hand sensors, the information inputs of which are respectively the information inputs of the first, second and third groups of the decoder, characterized in that a code generator is introduced into it, made on a multiplexer and an amplifier, the inputs of the first and second groups of which are connected to the outputs of the blocks of activity sensors of the flexors and extensors of the fingers, respectively, the outputs of the block of hand sensors are outputs of the decoder, the address inputs of which are the inputs of the third group of the code generator, the synchronization input of which is the synchronization input of the decoder, the readout output of which is the output of the code generator, and in each of the blocks of activity sensors of the flexors of the fingers, extensors of the fingers and the block of sensors of the hand, information f the inputs are connected through limiting resistors to the inputs of the amplifier, the outputs of which are NOT connected through the elements to the outputs of the unit, the flexor activity sensors unit from the second to the fifth fingers of the hand contains a bracket on which the first and second sliders are fixed for installation on the back of the hand, to which they are attached the upper part of the first and second racks, from below with which figured and rectangular strips are attached symmetrically and at an angle of 3040 °, on top of which the first and second, third and fourth sensory pads are symmetrically installed, respectively, the block of finger extensor activity sensors contains sensory pads that are attached to the first post for placement above the proximal phalanges of the index and middle fingers, a sensor pad for the activity of the diverter, which is installed from below on a curly bar above the distal phalanx of the thumb, opposite which a sensor for the activity of the thumb flexor is mounted on the curly bar. (> -ST - ... J ... 1 7 2 3 4 Λί $ five 6 7 t (YU < 02. FIG. eight 32 o - lg Co32 o— I I I f! <26 3 / i - - & sp /? G? S, sG / o 1 '-> = 7 -4_ £ / k / <Y2 - / Μ> - -7 <? 3 Fig. 3 I about loo ofoo V - D m • r 2 3 4 five th and Have TO e <7 s in I P nine c FROM m and UN OYU (OS! I 1 " ... 7 y -¼ 6 7 in nine 0 and D w ig 3 R 0 l and t b £ Hj eh 4 ^ <& r SO ff 'f7 / 9a £ a & fiW fftfQ / & * & '. <5 »C q * <n 4 z? fZ co— - - __ - - - - - ---> U-J r t 4 to 4 § <r i? V 4 V << —Kg * £ 1 ST Kb NFS Ob £ - <b <s £ i? Cv> 4 T Λ -> $ S ' £ V 1. Vo V to ----------- - w— Wk to < b 1 to , 4> L? <*) <b $ $ cS s? ik L 1 <- Ίτ £ TO 4 * e << Ύ h • Th <o to ts & 4 ns h X Vu eo> »Vj * to - —— —- - - * 4> 1 V Ό 1 * Q with k. 4 4 4 l C? Si it w 4 $ Ss to 4) Che V 72 ' d - Teal Ή e ΰ L, le ΰ 7 about --- v '