SU1120956A1 - Method of preparing fodder mix for young horned cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

A METHOD FOR PREPARING FODDER. A MIXTURE FOR YOUNG HARVESTING CATTLE, including barothermal processing of grain components, in order to improve the digestibility of the feed mixture and increase the food-. most animals use it, barothermal treatment of grain components is carried out in the presence of sodium bicarbonate, ri, which is added “: to the feed mixture in an amount of 0.5–1.0 wt.%. F

Description

about sd

a The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the feed industry and in agricultural enterprises in the preparation of feed mixtures with a high content of grain components for intensive cultivation of juvenile ruminants. In young farm animals, especially in the first months of life, when the main feed is feed mixtures, including components from grain crops with a high starch content (flour of oats, barley, wheat, peas, etc.), starch digestibility is relatively low and excretion saliva is not sufficient to dilute the feed mass and to keep the pH value neutral. As a result, crushed grains in the digestive tract swell due to the binding of water with starch and protein substances. The pasty mass makes penetration of digestive enzymes difficult and acidifies as a result of fermentation of carbohydrates, which contributes to the retention of gases. All this leads to a restriction of the intake of young concentrated feed mixtures in the range of 0.5-1.0 kg per day and a decrease in digestibility and nutrient utilization. This amount is concentrated feed mixtures with a low degree of utilization of their nutrients separately; The age periods of young life are not enough to achieve high rates of growth and development of animals. In addition, feeding juvenile feed mixtures prepared from cereals affected by microorganisms during storage also leads to a deterioration in feed intake and even to animal disease. Methods are known for the preparation of feedstuffs and the processing of grain, involving the enzymatic or thermal treatment of feed in order to increase its consumption and use. However, the use of these methods complicates the technology of preparation of food, during heat treatment also occurs a change in the structure of protein substances, as a result of which their use is reduced, especially 56 young animals. In addition, the biologically active substances of the feed are destroyed. The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a method for treating grain by mechanical deformation and temperature action of L. The disadvantage of this method is that in the process of exposing the temperature to 143-160 ° C, along with dextrinization, the denaturation of proteins occurs, which reduces. . the extent of their use in animals. A known method of reducing the degree of denaturation of proteins involves the preservation of proteins and their digestibility by adjusting the pH value between 6 and 9 2. However, this method is only acceptable for precipitated proteins and is a complicated process. A known method of preparing a feed mixture with a high content of grain components with the addition of sodium bicarbonate z1. However, sodium bicarbonate fodder mixtures do not always eat well. A method of processing grain components characterized by a high starch content is known by extruding 4j. However, during extrusion, which proceeds at 140-1 and a pressure of more than 15 kg / CM j, the protein is denatured and thus the digestibility of the animal is reduced. The purpose of the invention is to increase palatability, improve the digestibility of the feed mixture by animals. This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of preparing the feed mixture for young cattle, the grain components of the feed mixture, which are characterized by a high content of starch (barley flour, oats, wheat, peas, etc.) are subjected to pressure and temperature treatment in an extruder press. In addition, before entering these components into the press extruder, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOj) is added to them in an amount of 0.5-1.0 wt.% Of the feed mixture. In the extruder press at 100140 s and pressure 10-15 kg / cm acc3 .1

hydrolysis of starch and caramelization of carbohydrates takes place, which results in the formation of a pasty mass in the digestive tract and does not lead to acidification of the contents of the pre-stomachs of the bodies, improves the palatability of the feed mixture and the degree of nutrient utilization.

Adding sodium bicarbonate to the grain components of the feed mixture before entering them into the press extruder (at the rate of 0.5-1.0 kg of sodium bicarbonate per 100 kg of feed mixture) creates a neutral or slightly alkaline environment (pH 6-8.5), while the structure of proteins and their utilization are preserved. The content in the sodium bicarbonate feed mixture enhances the intensity of carboxylation, which increases the biosynthetic processes occurring in the organism of animals.

After processing in an extruder press, the grain components of the feed mixture are mixed with other highly nourishing and biologically active substances that are not subjected to heat treatment and pressure in order to preserve their quality. I

The study of the influence of the method of preparation on the chemical composition and physical properties of the feed mixture, palatability and the use of it by animals was carried out in scientific, economic and physiological experiments.

Example 1. The effectiveness of various methods for preparing feed mixtures containing grain components with a high starch content is compared to the digestibility of these mixtures, as well as to the toxicity of farm animals.

.The feed mixture is based on the following 1 {s components,

MES t fo

Dry reverse 15-20

Dry content

rumen 10-15

Oats on flour15-20

Gorokhov flour8-10

Sunflower

cake 10-15

Flax meal 5-10

Cotton Meal 1,2-2,0

M juice mill 3-5

Feed Yeast0.5-1.0

564

Vitaminized Biomitsin 0,5-1

Defluorinated phosphate 0.5-1. Cooked salt 0.1-1.

Barley flour Remaining Per 100 kg of feed mixture is added cobalt salts 1-1.5 g, copper 5-7 g, zinc 2.5-3 g, iron 3.5 4 g (4).

To obtain comparative data, the following methods for preparing the feed mixture are tested: oats, barley and pea flour are not affected by temperature and pressure, the feed mixture is prepared in the usual way; oats, barley and pea flour is adjusted to a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 15 kg / cm ; The oats on barley and pea nuts are exposed to a temperature of 140 ° C and a pressure of 15 kg / cm with prior addition of sodium bicarbonate to these components at a rate of 0.5-1.0% by weight of the feed mixture.

Experiments on the study of eating and the use of the feed mixture by animals prepared by these methods are carried out on the bodies of the red steppe breed. For experiments, heifers 10–15 days old are selected in three groups of 10 animals each.

Group 1 of Telt is fed by a feeding scheme that includes 350 kg of whole milk per head and 100 kg of feed mixture, taken as a basis.

Group 11 of heifers is grown according to the feeding scheme, which also includes 350 kg of whole milk and 100 kg of feed mixture with the addition of sodium bicarbonate in an amount of 0.5-1.0 wt.%.

The 111-group of heifers is boosted in a similar feeding pattern using a feed mixture passed through an extruder With the addition of sodium bicarbonate to a quantity of 0.5-1.0% by weight.

The rest of the diet feed is fed to all animals in the same quantity. Studies conducted by animals show that the 111th Group Animals

better feed and digestibility of the latter is also higher than that of Lsivotny 1st and 11th groups. Feed costs are down from 4.9 k.ed. in the 1st

11th groups up to 4.5 in the lilth group.

The physiological experiments carried out on heifers of 3 months of age who received the feed mixture prepared by the above methods also confirm the good palatability of the 111th group of ashwoods, which leads to a high nutrient digestibility coefficient and a high average daily weight gain compared to animals 1 oh and 11th groups.

Data on the effectiveness of the effect of various feed mixtures on animals

At the same time, the amount of dry matter in the ration of digested and absorbed in heifers of the 1st group is 1, -6 kg, in the 2nd heifers - 1.8, in the 111th heifers - 2.5 kg, the protein is digested and absorbed with respectively 235, 286, 342

The economic effect of using a mixture prepared by extrusion with the addition of sodium bicarbonate, based on 1 calf, is 18.5 rubles.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR PREPARING THE FODDER. MIXTURE FOR YOUNG CATTLE CATTLE, including barothermic treatment of grain components, characterized in that, in order to improve the digestibility of the feed mixture and increase the amount of food eaten. animals, barothermic treatment of grain components is carried out in the presence of sodium bicarbonate, which is added to the feed mixture in an amount of 0.5 - 1.0 ma.Z. J, 1120956