SK4962002A3 - Method and device for enclosing an electric arc - Google Patents
Method and device for enclosing an electric arc Download PDFInfo
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- SK4962002A3 SK4962002A3 SK496-2002A SK4962002A SK4962002A3 SK 4962002 A3 SK4962002 A3 SK 4962002A3 SK 4962002 A SK4962002 A SK 4962002A SK 4962002 A3 SK4962002 A3 SK 4962002A3
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- slag
- electric arc
- cracking
- calculation unit
- sound
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5294—General arrangement or layout of the electric melt shop
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
- C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Arc Welding Control (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Oblasť technikyTechnical field
Vynález sa týka spôsobu obaľovania elektrického oblúka, horiaceho v elektrickej oblúkovej peci, pomocou penovej trosky, ktorá sa tvorí dodávaním nosičov uhlíka do trosky, nachádzajúca sa nad oceľovým kúpeľom, pričom sa zisťujú emisie zvuku a používajú sa pre riadenie dodávania penového uhlia, a zodpovedajúceho zariadenia na uskutočnenie tohto spôsobu.The invention relates to a method for coating an electric arc burning in an electric arc furnace by means of foam slag, which is formed by supplying carbon carriers to the slag located above the steel bath, detecting sound emissions and used to control foam coal supply, and the corresponding device to carry out this method.
Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pri prevádzke elektrickej oblúkovej pece existujú snahy minimalizovať straty vyžarovania elektród. Pre privedenie časti z množstva vyžiareného elektrickým oblúkom, pokiaľ možno do taveniny, je známe napeniť trosku, plávajúcu na železnej tavenine, a elektrické oblúky touto penovou troskou obaliť. Ako médium pre napenenie trosky sa do pece dodávajú nosiče uhlíka, pričom sa uhlík spaľuje dodatočným vofukovaním kyslíka, a pritom vznikajúci uhlikatý plyn prispieva k tvorbe penovej trosky.In the operation of an electric arc furnace, efforts are made to minimize the loss of electrode radiation. To supply a portion of the amount emitted by the electric arc, preferably to the melt, it is known to foam the slag floating on the iron melt and wrap the electric arc with the foam slag. Carbon carriers are supplied as the slag foaming medium to the furnace, whereby the carbon is combusted by additional oxygen blowing, while the carbonaceous gas produced contributes to the formation of foam slag.
Pritom je celkovo treba dosiahnuť optimálriu výšku trosky, lebo pri malej výške penovej trosky sú straty žiarenia príliš vysoké, a pri vytváraní príliš veľkého množstva trosky dochádza pri odvádzaní z pece k príliš veľkým stratám energie. Okrem optimálneho množstva trosky sa rovnako zhoršuje energetická bilancia.In general, the optimum slag height has to be achieved, because at a low slag height, the radiation losses are too high, and too much energy is lost when the slag is discharged from the furnace. In addition to the optimal amount of slag, the energy balance also deteriorates.
Z DD 228 831 A1 je známy spôsob obaľovania elektrického oblúka v elektrickej oblúkovej peci, pri ktorom sa meria emisia zvuku, vydávanéhoIt is known from DD 228 831 A1 to coat an electric arc in an electric arc furnace in which the emission of the sound emitted is measured.
31916/T elektrickým oblúkom, porovnáva sa s medznými hodnotami, a pri prekročení medzných hodnôt vhodné zariadenie injektuje nosiče uhlíka do pece priamo do pecnej trosky tak dlho, dokiaľ nie je zistené prekročenie stanovenej dolnej medznej hodnoty zvuku.31916 / T electric arc, compared to the limit values, and when the limit values are exceeded, a suitable device injects the carbon carriers into the furnace directly into the furnace slag until the determined lower sound limit is detected.
V tomto dokumente nie je ani v hlavnom patentovom nároku, ani v príkladoch uskutočnenia objasnené, aké vhodné“ meracie nástroje sa použijú na meranie emisií zvuku, ani v akých vopred stanovených časových intervaloch sa tieto emisie získavajú a vyhodnocujú. Je tu iba uvedené, že stupeň obaľovania elektrického oblúka je daný intenzitou pridávania nosičov uhlíka, ktorá bola dosial stanovovaná obslužným personálom na základe subjektívneho odhadu prípadne na základe prevádzkovo špecifických pokynov. Každopádne je teraz zverejnené takmer automatizovanie stupňa obaľovania. Dodatočný návod pre technické jednanie však poskytnutý nie je.In this document neither the main claim nor the examples illustrate what suitable measuring instruments are used to measure sound emissions, nor at what predetermined time intervals these emissions are obtained and evaluated. It is only mentioned that the degree of arc wrapping is given by the intensity of the addition of carbon carriers, which has so far been determined by service personnel on the basis of a subjective estimation or based on operating-specific instructions. However, almost automation of the coating stage is now disclosed. However, no additional technical guidance is provided.
Z EP 0 692 544 je známy spôsob riadenia vytvárania penovej trosky v trojfázovej oblúkovej peci. pri ktorom sa podľa frekvencií uskutočňuje vyhodnocovanie amplitúdy a pri prekročení zvukovej hladiny, vopred danej riadiacou jednotkou, sa uplatní zmena v miere presadzovania uhlíkom. Nevýhodou predmetu tohto dokumentu je obmedzenie na jednotlivé frekvencie s pozitívnym účinkom na významnosť a odstup od signálu k šumu.A method for controlling the formation of foam slag in a three-phase arc furnace is known from EP 0 692 544. in which the amplitude evaluation is performed according to the frequencies and when the sound level predetermined by the control unit is exceeded, a change in the rate of carbon enforcement is applied. The disadvantage of the subject of this document is the limitation to individual frequencies with a positive effect on the significance and signal-to-noise ratio.
31916/T31916 / T
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Úlohou predkladaného vynálezu je poskytnúť spôsob ako i zariadenie pre obaľovanie elektrického oblúka, horiaceho v elektrickej oblúkovej peci. a konštrukčne jednoduchými prostriedkami bezpečne nastavovať objem penovej trosky pri obzvláštnom zohľadnení jej výšky.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for wrapping an electric arc burning in an electric arc furnace. and safely adjusting the volume of the foam slag by design means, taking particular account of its height.
Vynález túto úlohu rieši znakmi nárokov 1 a 7. Ďalšie nároky predstavujú výhodné ďalšie uskutočnenie vynálezu.The invention solves this problem by the features of claims 1 and 7. Further claims represent a preferred further embodiment of the invention.
Akustické vnemy, založené na emisii zvuku elektrického oblúka v elektrickej oblúkovej peci, používajú taviči autoritatívne na klasifikovanie stavu penovej trosky v peci. Pri týchto emisiách zvuku elektrickej oblúkovej pece možno v podstate rozlišovať medzi bzučaním“ a “praskaním“.Acoustic perceptions, based on the emission of electric arc sound in an electric arc furnace, use melters authoritatively to classify the state of foam slag in the furnace. At these sound emissions of an electric arc furnace, a distinction can basically be made between "buzzing" and "cracking".
Pri “bzučaní ide o cyklické zapaľovanie elektrického oblúka, zakladajúce sa na napájacej frekvencii pece.Buzzing is a cyclic ignition of an electric arc based on the furnace supply frequency.
Pri “praskaní“, ktoré je porovnateľné s hrmením v blízkosti udierajúceho blesku, ide o spontánne vytvorenie kanála plazmy a s ním spojené tlakové vlny. Lebo sa v elektrickej oblúkovej peci stále a náhodným spôsobom menia podmienky horenia elektrického oblúka, dochádza rovnako stále a náhodným spôsobom k novému vytváraniu kanálov plazmy, a tým k takto definovaným ruchom“.The 'cracking', which is comparable to the rumbling near the blazing lightning, is a spontaneous formation of a plasma channel and associated pressure waves. Since the arc arc conditions are constantly and accidentally changed in the electric arc furnace, the formation of plasma channels, and thus the noise thus defined, is constantly and randomly occurring. '
Bzučanie sa v amplitúdovom spektre zvuku prejavuje takým spôsobom, že v oblasti 100 Hz rad harmonických násobných tejto frekvencie vytvorí výrazné amplitúdy. Amplitúdy tejto harmonickej frekvencie sa však so zvyšujúcou sa frekvenciou rýchle zmenšujú, takže ich na úrovni ostatných ruchov už nie je možné pozorovať.Buzzing is manifested in the amplitude spectrum of the sound in such a way that in the 100 Hz range, a series of harmonics multiplied by this frequency produces significant amplitudes. However, the amplitudes of this harmonic frequency decrease rapidly as the frequency increases, so that they cannot be observed at the level of other noise.
Prekvapivo bolo zistené, že amplitúdové spektrum vytvárania kanálov plazmy, a tým i praskanie“ sa neobmedzuje na jednotlivé frekvencie. Amplitúdy emisií zvuku, pozorovaných ako praskanie, sú difúzne rozptýlené v širokej oblasti frekvencií. Celok všetkých amplitúd, ktoré sú spojené s praskaním, má pre stav penovej trosky väčší význam, ako v prípade harmonických frekvenciíSurprisingly, it has been found that the amplitude spectrum of plasma channel formation and thus cracking is not limited to individual frequencies. The sound emission amplitudes observed as cracking are diffused throughout a wide frequency range. The whole of all the amplitudes associated with cracking is more important for the state of the foam slag than for the harmonic frequencies
31916ns/T alebo výbere z týchto frekvencií. Je známe označovať frekvenciu ako ”tón“ a viac jednotlivých frekvencií ako zvuk“. Naproti tomu sú pri ruchu“ amplitúdy vo frekvenčnej oblasti rozdelené stochasticky.31916ns / T or a selection of these frequencies. It is known to refer to a frequency as a "tone" and more individual frequencies as a sound. On the other hand, the amplitudes in the frequency domain are stochastically distributed in the case of noise.
Podľa vynálezu sa zisťuje amplitúdové spektrum zvuku praskania. Amplitúdy, ktoré sú spojené s praskaním, sa získavajú ako úroveň signálu v časovej oblasti, a Fast - Fourierovou transformáciou sa prevedú do úrovne signálu vo frekvenčnej oblasti. Amplitúdy, charakterizujúce ruchy praskania, sa privedú k výpočtovej jednotke, a v tejto výpočtovej jednotke sa tieto namerané hodnoty použijú pre klasifikovanie penovej trosky. Pre tento účel sa amplitúdy prevedú na podobnú úroveň, výhodne pomocou tak zvanej A-klasifikácie určitej diskrétnej frekvenčnej oblasti (A-klasifikácia pritom zodpovedá ľudskému sluchovému vnímaniu). Následne sa vyberie oblasť významnosti. Amplitúdy v tejto frekvenčnej oblasti, ktorá je výhodne väčšia ako 200 Hz a výhodne by sa mala nachádzať v oblasti pod 1000 Hz, sa napriek tejto frekvenčnej oblasti integrujú. Pri prekročení alebo podkročení vopred stanoviteľnej hodnoty stavu trosky a výšky trosky sa tieto namerané hodnoty, zakladajúce sa na praskaní, použijú na riadenie kvantitatívneho prívodu penového uhlia.According to the invention, the amplitude spectrum of the cracking sound is determined. The amplitudes that are associated with cracking are obtained as the signal level in the time domain, and are converted to the signal level in the frequency domain by Fast Fourier transformation. The amplitudes characterizing cracking disturbances are applied to a calculation unit, and in this calculation unit these measured values are used to classify the foam slag. For this purpose, the amplitudes are converted to a similar level, preferably by the so-called A-classification of a certain discrete frequency domain (the A-classification here corresponds to human auditory perception). The significance area is then selected. The amplitudes in this frequency range, which is preferably greater than 200 Hz and should preferably be in the region below 1000 Hz, are integrated despite this frequency range. When the predetermined slag condition and slag height values are exceeded or fallen below, these measured values based on cracking are used to control the quantitative supply of foamed coal.
Výhodne môže byť celok tohto amplitúdového spektra praskania“ použitý takým spôsobom, že spriemerovaním cez frekvenčnú oblasť sa ďalej zlepší odstup od signálu k šumu. Takéto spriemerovanie cez frekvenčnú oblasť je obzvlášť výhodné v prípade, ked sa úrovne vo frekvenčnej oblasti, spojené s praskaním, klasifikujú tak, že sa nachádzajú na podobnej vysokej úrovni.Advantageously, the whole of this amplitude cracking spectrum can be used in such a way that averaging across the frequency domain further improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Such averaging over the frequency domain is particularly advantageous when the frequency domain levels associated with cracking are classified as being at a similar high level.
Okrem kvantitatívneho privádzania penového uhlia sa obzvlášť veľká významnosť a veľký odstup od signálu k šumu použijú pre klasifikáciu správneho umiestnenia dýzy penového uhlia s veľkou presnosťou a kvôli jej riadeniu.In addition to the quantitative supply of foamed coal, a particularly high significance and a large signal-to-noise ratio are used to classify the correct positioning of the foamed coal nozzle with great precision and control.
Praskanie sa smerovo zisťuje pomocou smerového mikrofónu, usporiadaného vnútri pece na chránenom mieste. Namerané hodnoty, predstavujúce toto praskanie, sa vedú symetricky ako namerané signály, a sú preto takmer nezaťažené rušivými signálmi.The cracking is detected by a directional microphone arranged inside the furnace in a protected location. The measured values representing this cracking are symmetrical to the measured signals and are therefore almost unencumbered by interfering signals.
31916/T31916 / T
Smerovými mikrofónmi, použitými pre uskutočnenie tohto spôsobu, sú výhodne kondenzátorové mikrofóny bez transformátora.The directional microphones used to carry out the method are preferably condenser microphones without a transformer.
Ďalej sa skutočný stav penovej trosky ukazuje pracovnej čate, a to aktuálne, pomocou monitorov, a za použitia počítačov, pri ktorých je kedykoľvek vyvolateľná história. Tým je umožnené včas rozpoznať trend objemu penovej trosky a prijať príslušné opatrenie už pred prekročením alebo podkročením medznej hodnoty.Furthermore, the actual state of the foam slag is shown to the working crew, up to date, by means of monitors, and using computers where history is recalled at any time. This makes it possible to detect the trend of the foam slag volume in a timely manner and to take appropriate action before the limit value is exceeded or fallen below.
Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Vynález bude následne bližšie vysvetlený prostredníctvom konkrétneho príkladu uskutočnenia znázorneného na výkresoch, na ktorých predstavuje obr. 1 náčrt zariadenia pece , obr. 2 spracovanie signálu, a obr. 3 príklad získavaných signálov vo vopred stanovenom časovom úseku.The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of a specific exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings, in which FIG. 1 a sketch of M ANAGEMENT furnace, FIG. 2 shows signal processing, and FIG. 3 shows an example of the obtained signals in a predetermined period of time.
Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Obr. 1 znázorňuje elektrickú oblúkovú pec 10, ktorá má spodnú pecnú nádobu ako i hornú pecnú nádobu 1_2, uzavretú vekom 13. Vekom 13 je vedená aspoň jedna elektróda 21. Medzi elektródou 21 a kovovou taveninou M horí elektrický oblúk 22. Elektrický oblúk 22 je prekrytý penovou troskou S.Fig. 1 shows an electric arc furnace 10 having a lower furnace vessel as well as an upper furnace vessel 12 closed by a lid 13. At least one electrode 21 is guided through the lid 13. Between the electrode 21 and the metal melt M an electric arc 22 burns. troskou S.
Vnútri pece sa ruchy G zisťujú smerovým mikrofónom 41. Smerový mikrofón je spojovacím vedením 42 spojený s výpočtovou jednotkou 43. Výstupy z mikrofónu 41, rovnako ako spojovacie vedenie 42, by mali byť symetrické, vstupy výpočtovej jednotky 43 diferenciálne. Výpočtová jednotka 43 je pre riadenie spojená s nastavovacím člnom 34, ktorý je spojenýInside the furnace, the noise G is detected by a directional microphone 41. The directional microphone is connected by a connection line 42 to the computing unit 43. The microphone 41 outputs, like the connecting line 42, should be symmetrical, the inputs of the computing unit 43 differential. The control unit 43 is connected to the control member 34 which is connected for control
31916/T s aktuátorom 32. Týmto aktuátorom 32 je spravidla pumpa, ktorá dopravuje nosič uhlíka zo zásobnej nádoby 31 cez prívodné vedenie 33 a dýzu do pece 10.31916 / T with actuator 32. This actuator 32 is typically a pump that transports the carbon carrier from the storage vessel 31 via a feed line 33 and a nozzle to the furnace 10.
Výpočtová jednotka 43 je okrem toho spojená s monitorom 44 pre zobrazovanie skutočného stavu objemu, prípadne výšky penovej trosky; a s tlačiarňou 45, pomocou ktorej je možné dokumentovať tendenciu vývoja ruchov v ľubovoľných časových úsekoch.In addition, the computing unit 43 is connected to a monitor 44 for displaying the actual state of the volume or height of the foam slag; and a printer 45, by means of which it is possible to document the tendency of the development of noise in any period of time.
Obr. 2 ukazuje spracovanie zvukového signálu pre detekciu penovej trosky. Pritom diagram ”a) ukazuje úroveň signálu v časovej oblasti. Fast Fourierovou transformáciou (”FFT1') sa dospeje k diagramu ”b)u, ktorý ukazuje úroveň signálu vo frekvenčnej oblasti. Klasifikáciou, napr. A-klasifikáciou, sa dospeje k diagramu ”c)‘‘. ktorý umiestni amplitúdy, ktoré sú spojené s praskaním, na pomerne podobné úrovne. Výberom oblasti významnosti sa dospeje k diagramu ”d)“. Integráciou vo frekvenčnej oblasti sa dosiahne zrovnomernenie úrovne signálu. Doplnkovo môže byť uskutočnený smerový časový výpočet, ktorý je zobrazený v diagrame ”f)“.Fig. 2 shows an audio signal processing for foam slag detection. The diagram a) shows the signal level in the time domain. Fast Fourier Transform ( "FFT 1 ') arriving at the diagram" b) for showing the signal level in the frequency domain. By classification, e.g. By the A-classification, a diagram "c)" is obtained. which places amplitudes that are associated with cracking at relatively similar levels. By selecting the significance area, the diagram “d)“ is reached. Integration in the frequency domain results in a leveling of the signal. In addition, a directional time calculation can be performed, which is shown in the diagram ”f)“.
Na obr. 3 je znázornená relatívna úroveň signálu v časovom úseku asi 40 minút. Celkom sú vyznačené tri oblasti, a to:In FIG. 3 shows the relative signal level over a period of about 40 minutes. In total, three areas are marked:
a, v ktorom sú elektrické oblúky bezpečne prekryté troskou.and in which the electric arcs are securely covered by slag.
β. v ktorom sú elektrické oblúky dostatočne prekryté. Tu ide o ľubovoľne stanovenú medzioblasť.β. in which the electric arcs are sufficiently covered. This is an arbitrarily defined intermediate area.
γ, v ktorej elektrické oblúky nie sú zakryté.γ in which the electric arcs are not obscured.
Ide o pôvodný záznam, ktorý zreteľne ukazuje, že chovanie trosky je jednoznačne rozl šiteľné. a to v chovaní v čase, pri ktorom je možné bezpečne zasiahnuť, pričom protiopatrenia sú k dispozícii.This is the original record which clearly shows that the slag behavior is clearly distinguishable. and this in behavior at a time when it is possible to intervene safely, with countermeasures available.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19949330A DE19949330C2 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 1999-10-13 | Method and device for wrapping an arc |
| PCT/EP2000/009937 WO2001027338A1 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-10 | Method and device for enclosing an electric arc |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK4962002A3 true SK4962002A3 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
Family
ID=7925479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK496-2002A SK4962002A3 (en) | 1999-10-13 | 2000-10-10 | Method and device for enclosing an electric arc |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1228252B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003511558A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20020035894A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1379826A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE263257T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7664100A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG106593A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0014346A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2387468A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20021305A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19949330C2 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA200200438A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2218226T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP0203041A2 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02003696A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL355673A1 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI21044A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK4962002A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200200990T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001027338A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU26902A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200203382B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10152371B4 (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2004-04-15 | Sms Demag Ag | Method and device for determining the foam slag heights during the fresh process in a blow steel converter |
| KR100562672B1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2006-03-20 | 주식회사 포스코 | Method for determining the height of the slag foaming in the electric furnace |
| CA2615929C (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2014-03-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining at least one state variable of an electric arc furnace, and electric arc furnace |
| KR100619521B1 (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2006-09-20 | 주식회사 드림이엔지 | Apparatus of protect boring using a pier |
| DE102008006965A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining a radiation measure for a thermal radiation, electric arc furnace, a signal processing device and program code and a storage medium for carrying out the method |
| DE102008006966A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for determining a measure of the dimensions of solid in an electric arc furnace, an electric arc furnace, a signal processing device and program code and a storage medium |
| DE102008006958A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating an electric arc furnace with at least one electrode, regulating and / or control device, machine-readable program code, data carrier and electric arc furnace for carrying out the method |
| US9417321B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2016-08-16 | Hatch Ltd. | Measurement of charge bank level in a metallurgical furnace |
| DE102010029289A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Sgl Carbon Se | Method for operating an arc furnace, oscillation measuring device for an arc electrode and arrangement for an arc |
| KR101877060B1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2018-07-10 | 다이도 스틸 코오퍼레이션 리미티드 | Dissolution state determination device of arc furnace |
| TWI530650B (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2016-04-21 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | And the melting state determining device of the electric arc furnace |
| EP2650387A1 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-10-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a vacuum melt assembly and vacuum melt assembly operated according to this method |
| DE102013206980A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Sms Siemag Ag | Method and apparatus for operating a metallurgical furnace |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD228831A1 (en) * | 1984-10-26 | 1985-10-23 | Brandenburg Stahl Walzwerk | METHOD FOR ILLUMINATING THE ARC FLASH |
| ATA155793A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 1996-04-15 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A METAL MELT AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
| US5557631A (en) * | 1994-05-06 | 1996-09-17 | Dynex Engineering Inc. | Sonic furnace monitoring apparatus |
| DE4425089C1 (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1996-01-11 | Hamburger Stahlwerke Gmbh | Process for controlling foam slag formation in a three-phase arc furnace |
-
1999
- 1999-10-13 DE DE19949330A patent/DE19949330C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-10-10 CZ CZ20021305A patent/CZ20021305A3/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 YU YU26902A patent/YU26902A/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 MX MXPA02003696A patent/MXPA02003696A/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 TR TR2002/00990T patent/TR200200990T2/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 HU HU0203041A patent/HUP0203041A2/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 EP EP00966148A patent/EP1228252B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 SK SK496-2002A patent/SK4962002A3/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 AU AU76641/00A patent/AU7664100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-10 KR KR1020027004341A patent/KR20020035894A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-10 JP JP2001529468A patent/JP2003511558A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-10 SI SI200020053A patent/SI21044A/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 BR BR0014346-4A patent/BR0014346A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-10 AT AT00966148T patent/ATE263257T1/en active
- 2000-10-10 CA CA002387468A patent/CA2387468A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-10 DE DE50005929T patent/DE50005929D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 ES ES00966148T patent/ES2218226T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-10 PL PL00355673A patent/PL355673A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-10 WO PCT/EP2000/009937 patent/WO2001027338A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-10 EA EA200200438A patent/EA200200438A1/en unknown
- 2000-10-10 CN CN00814312A patent/CN1379826A/en active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-04-10 BG BG106593A patent/BG106593A/en unknown
- 2002-04-29 ZA ZA200203382A patent/ZA200203382B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MXPA02003696A (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| DE19949330C2 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
| TR200200990T2 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
| DE19949330A1 (en) | 2001-07-05 |
| WO2001027338A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| ES2218226T3 (en) | 2004-11-16 |
| PL355673A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
| DE50005929D1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| EA200200438A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| BR0014346A (en) | 2002-06-04 |
| KR20020035894A (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| CA2387468A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| CN1379826A (en) | 2002-11-13 |
| HUP0203041A2 (en) | 2002-12-28 |
| EP1228252B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| ATE263257T1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| EP1228252A1 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
| ZA200203382B (en) | 2002-11-08 |
| BG106593A (en) | 2002-11-29 |
| SI21044A (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| CZ20021305A3 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
| YU26902A (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| JP2003511558A (en) | 2003-03-25 |
| AU7664100A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
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