SE546197C2 - Solid state battery and vehicle - Google Patents

Solid state battery and vehicle

Info

Publication number
SE546197C2
SE546197C2 SE2250656A SE2250656A SE546197C2 SE 546197 C2 SE546197 C2 SE 546197C2 SE 2250656 A SE2250656 A SE 2250656A SE 2250656 A SE2250656 A SE 2250656A SE 546197 C2 SE546197 C2 SE 546197C2
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
solid state
cathode
alkyl
state battery
electrolyte
Prior art date
Application number
SE2250656A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE2250656A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Strietzel
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to SE2250656A priority Critical patent/SE546197C2/en
Priority to DE102023113688.7A priority patent/DE102023113688A1/en
Publication of SE2250656A1 publication Critical patent/SE2250656A1/en
Publication of SE546197C2 publication Critical patent/SE546197C2/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
    • H01M10/0562—Solid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H01M4/602—Polymers
    • H01M4/606—Polymers containing aromatic main chain polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A solid state battery (1) comprising a cathode (2), an anode (4) and an electrolyte (6), wherein the cathode (2) comprises at least one organic electroactive compound. The organic electroactive compound is a quinoid comprising an electron withdrawing group. The solid state battery may be used in an energy storage device (4) of a vehicle (11).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates in general to a solid state battery. The present disclosure further relates in general to a vehicle comprising a solid state battery.
BACKGROUND The electrification of vehicles has led to great focus on the development of improved energy storage devices intended for powering propulsion units of vehicles. Such energy storage devices require many battery cells to achieve desired capacity. An energy storage device used for powering a vehicle may comprise one or more battery packs. ln case the energy storage device comprises a plurality of battery packs, these may be connected in series and/or in parallel. Each battery pack may typically comprise a plurality of battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel. A battery module typically comprises multiple battery cells connected in series and/or parallel, partly or fully encased in a mechanical structure.
The most frequently used battery cells today for energy storage devices of vehicles are lithium-ion battery cells. These lithium-ion battery cells comprise an anode, a cathode, a liquid electrolyte, and a separator arranged between the anode and the cathode. The separator is configured to contain the electrolyte and to prevent short circuit between the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte used in conventional lithium-ion battery cells is typically based on ethylene carbonate and is a flammable liquid. This may present a risk for fire, for example in case of short-circuit. For said reason, there is typically a need for incorporating various safety components and/or mechanisms within such energy storage devices (including in each battery cell), for example various kinds of current interrupt devices.
The efforts to reduce the risk for fire onboard vehicles have led to an increasing interest in the development of solid state batteries. Solid state batteries do not contain any flammable liquid electrolyte, but instead use a solid state electrolyte which is essentially non-combustible. Solid state batteries thus present a safer option. Use of a solid electrolyte may also reduce the risk of thermal runaway, allowing for a tighter packaging of the cells. This would be a considerable advantage in the automotive industry in view of the limited space available onboard vehicles. Another advantage of solid state batteries is that they enable usage of for example lithium metal anodes, and thereby a higher energy density.
Solid state batteries today typically comprise an inorganic cathode material. Conventional inorganic cathode materials require mining and high temperature refining, and are therefore associated with a substantial environmental impact. Moreover, the they can be a substantial part of total battery cost. For example, for NMC cathodes, the cathode typically amounts to around 30% of the total cost of the battery. Moreover, conventional inorganic cathode materials may have a relatively low rate capability which in turn limits the usable charge rates. A higher charge rate is advantageous, especially in case of heavy commercial vehicles where the time out of operation due to charging may be expensive to the hauler.
For the purpose of reducing the cost and reduce the environmental impact, it has been proposed to use organic materials in electrodes of solid state batteries. For example, pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO) has been proposed as cathode material of a solid state battery. Organic battery materials are known for their fast redox processes, and are therefore also interesting from the point of opening up the possibility of batteries with high rate capabilities. However, previously known organic materials for solid state batteries suffer from resulting in a rather low cell voltage (such as about 2 V in case of PTO), and are therefore probably not suitable for use in energy storage devices of heavy vehicles.
SUMMARY The object of the present invention is to provide an improved solid state battery, and which has the potential of replacing conventional lithium-ion batteries (which comprise a liquid electrolyte) in vehicles for the purpose of increasing the safety of the vehicle.
The object is achieved by the subject-matter of the appended independent claim(s). ln accordance with the present disclosure, a solid state battery is provided. The solid state battery comprises a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte. The cathode comprises at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula ll below.
Formula I Formula ll Each of R1 to R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, Cl-Cg alkyl, OH, SH, CN, 0(C1.3 alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), S02H, S03H, S02NH2, NHZ, NH(C1-C3 alkyl), N(C1-C3 alkyl)2, COH, C02H, C02(C1-C3 alkyl), C0NH2, NHCOH, NHCO- C13 alkyl, OCONH-CECH, CH=CH2, and Ph.
L is either a direct bond or a covalent linker moiety having a structure -(CH2)S-G1-(CH2)t-G2- or -Gz- (CH2)t-G1-(CH2)s-; wherein s is from 0 to 6, and t is from 0 to Each of G1 and G2 is independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, 0, S, S02, S03, 03S, S02NH, NHS02, NH, N(C1-C6 alkyl), C(O), C02, 02C, C(0)NH, NHC(0), 0C(0)0, NHC(0)NH, NHC(0)0, 0C(0)NH, CEC, Moreover, R7 is a polymer backbone.
The fact that the cathode of the solid state battery according to the present disclosure comprises at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula ll, which are quinoid, results in an increase in the possible cell voltage. This is a result of the covalently bound oxygens groups on the first ring acting as an electron withdrawing group, which results in the potential of the hydroquinone group to be shifted upwards. The presence of these electron withdrawing groups added to the main quinone ring thereby enables an increase in potential of the redox reaction of about 0.5 V compared to a non-substituted ring, or an increase of about 1 V versus rings with electron donating groups, such as in the case of pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO).
Organic molecules can easily degrade from addition reactions to positions in the molecules leading to inferior stability. However, the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II has a very good stability. This is due to the population of all positions on the quinone rings, which greatly limits the possibility for addition reactions.
Moreover, the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II also has an excellent rate capability.
The cathode may further comprise at least one binder selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxymethylcellulose. This results in the at least one organic electroactive compound being sufficiently bonded within the cathode. Moreover, this may facilitate the manufacture of the cathode and also improves the mechanical stability thereof.
The cathode may further comprise at least one conductive additive selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite powder, graphene, carbon nanorods and carbon nanotubes. The presence of one or more conductive additives may increase the electrical conductivity in the cathode.
The at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II may be present in an amount of at least 30 % by weight of the cathode. Suitably, the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II may be present in an amount of at least 50 % by weight of the cathode. This ensures that the cathode has a high capacity, and the cathode capacity increases with increasing amount of the at least one organic electroactive compound.
The anode may comprise lithium-metal, sodium-metal or an alloy based on lithium and/or sodium. This result in a high energy density of the solid state battery. The anode will in this case have a higher capacity compared to for example a conventional graphite anode.
According to an alternative, the electrolyte may be an inorganic solid electrolyte. Said inorganic electrolyte may comprise an ion-conducting compound selected from a lithium and/or sodium containing oxide, and/or a lithium and/or sodium containing sulfide. An inorganic solid electrolyte has the advantage of enabling a high ionic conductivity, a high Young's modulus and a high temperature resistance. However, an inorganic solid electrolyte may sometimes suffer from a relatively low stability towards the electrodes, which in some cases may lead to a relatively high interfacial resistance.
According to another alternative, the electrolyte may be a solid polymer electrolyte. Said solid polymer electrolyte may comprise poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and/or poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene). A solid polymer electrolyte has the advantage, compared to an inorganic solid electrolyte, of facilitating the manufacturing process since it may be more easily processed. Furthermore, a solid polymer electrolyte has a higher elasticity (and plasticity) compared to an inorganic solid electrolyte, which minimizes the risk of a low stability at the interface to the electrodes. However, a solid polymer electrolyte generally has a lower ionic conductivity than an inorganic solid electrolyte and the rate capability is also generally lower.
According to one embodiment of the solid state battery according to the present disclosure, the cathode comprise at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I, and each of R1 to R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, Cl-Cg, alkyl, OH, SH, CN, O(C1.3 alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), and NH(C1-C3 alkyl). ,. att. ::<,..\ \É\É*'~§\\§§É*+n\'§:\: Furthermore, the present disclosure provides a vehicle comprising the above described solid state battery. Preferably, the vehicle comprises a plurality of the above described solid state battery. The vehicle may be a land-based heavy vehicle, such as a truck or a bus, but is not limited thereto.
Moreover, the vehicle may be a fully electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a fuel cell vehicle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of one example of a solid state battery according to the present disclosure, Fig. 2 shows the redox reaction of an organic electroactive compound of Formula I, Fig. 3 illustrates an example of a vehicle present at a charging station.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplifying embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The invention is however not limited to the exemplifying embodiments discussed and/or shown in the drawings, but may be varied within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the drawings shall not be considered drawn to scale as some features may be exaggerated in order to more clearly illustrate the invention or features thereof.
A solid state battery is in the present disclosure considered to mean a battery in which all the components that make up the battery, including the electrolyte, are solid. Such a battery is sometimes also referred to as an all-solid-state battery or an all-solid-state cell. ln accordance with the present disclosure, a solid state battery is provided. The solid state battery described herein has primarily been developed for an intended use in vehicles, in particular land- based vehicles (such as land-based heavy vehicles), in order to replace lithium-ion batteries comprising a liquid electrolyte. Thus, according to an example, the solid state battery may be a solid state battery for a vehicle. lt should however be noted that the solid state battery described herein may also be used in various other applications. Suitable applications for the solid state battery as disclosed herein, in addition to in land-based vehicles, may comprise, but are not limited to, various electrified power systems, power generation systems, back-up power sources, construction and material handling equipment, agricultural machinery, marine vessels etc.
The solid state battery comprises a cathode, an anode and a solid electrolyte. The electrolyte is arranged between the cathode and anode, and thus separates the cathode from the anode. The electrolyte is an electrically insulating solid ionic conductor enabling ions to move between the cathode and the anode. The anode is suitably a metallic anode (i.e. composed of elemental metal and/or one or more metallic alloys).
The cathode may be arranged in direct contact with the solid electrolyte or bonded to the electrolyte via a first bonding layer. Similarly, the anode may be in direct contact with the solid electrolyte or bonded to the solid electrolyte via a second bonding layer. Each of said first and second bonding layer may be formed of a binder selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxymethylcellulose. Bonding the cathode and the anode to the solid electrolyte is advantageous as it facilitates the ionic conduction in the interface between the electrolyte and the respective electrodes (i.e. the cathode and the anode).
Furthermore, each of the cathode and the anode may typically be bonded to a respective current collector. Such a current collector is arranged on an opposite side of the cathode/anode with respect to the electrolyte. Each of the current collectors may for example be composed of graphite, or any previously known current collector material suitable for solid state batteries.
According to a first alternative, the cathode of the solid state battery according to the present disclosure comprises at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I: OH O R3 Rl Formula I I O Rz OH Each of Rl, R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, Cl-Cg alkyl, OH, SH, CN, O(C1.3 alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), SOZH, SO3H, SOZNHZ, NHZ, NH(C1-C3 alkyl), N(C1-C3 alkyl)2, COH, COZH, CO2(C1-C3 alkyl), CONHZ, NHCOH, NHCO- C13 alkyl, OCONH-CECH, CH=CH2, and Ph.
Preferably, each of Rl, R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, Cl-Cg alkyl, OH, SH, CN, O(C1._», alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), and NH(C1-C3 alkyl).
According to a second alternative, the cathode of the solid state battery according to the present disclosure comprises at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula ll: QH Formula ll O I O Each of R5 and R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, Cl-Cg alkyl, óH OH, SH, CN, O(C1_3 alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), SOZH, SO3H, SOZNHZ, NHZ, NH(C1-C3 alkyl), N(C1-C3 a|ky|)2, COH, COZH, CO2(C1-C3 alkyl), CONHZ, NHCOH, NHCO- C14, alkyl, OCONH-CECH, CH=CH2, and Ph.
L may be a direct bond. Alternatively, L is a covalent linker moiety having a structure -(CH2)s-G1- (CH2)t-G2- or -G2-(CH2)t-G1-(CH2)s-, wherein s is a number from 0 to 6 and t is a number from 0 to 6. Each of G1 and G2 is independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, 0, S, S02, S03, 03S, S02NH, NHS02, NH, N(C1-C6 alkyl), C(O), C02, 02C, C(0)NH, NHC(0), 0C(0)0, NHC(0)NH, NHc(o)o, oc(o)N|-|, cšc, c|-|=c|-|_~,¿; "we ' ~ ~ ~ « tt .\._.\._. .\_.\..\.'..;.2~.\_. _.\~.
Moreover, R7 is a polymer backbone. LT":É*;':F.T*,.~,. J: tïfryrç: 1 :t V-.b h.. _ _. gyc-w. 40.. t. S. .or-v. - tt-:u vy.. t e. Mzägdut- The organic electroactive compound of Formula I and the organic electroactive compound of Formula ll are each a quinoid and contain (i) an electron withdrawing group (a benzene ring with oxygens covalently bound), which increases redox potential and (ii) protection groups on 2,3 and 7,positions to make degradation by addition impossible.
The organic electroactive compound of Formula ll (which is a polymer) has the advantages, compared to the organic electroactive compound of Formula I, of enhanced stability and enabling processing in a manner similar to other polymeric components in solid state batteries. However, the organic electroactive compound of Formula I (which is a molecule) has the advantage, compared to the organic electroactive compound of Formula II, of being lighter and thereby enabling a higher cathode specific capacity.
According to a third alternative, the cathode of the solid state battery according to the present disclosure comprises a first organic electroactive compound of Formula I described above and a second organic electroactive compound of Formula II described above. According to yet another alternative, the cathode comprises two or more organic electroactive compounds of Formula I, wherein the two or more organic electroactive compounds of Formula II are different from each other. According to yet another alternative, the cathode comprises two or more organic electroactive compounds of Formula II, where said two or more organic electroactive compounds of Formula II are different from each other. lndependently of the alternatives described above, the cathode may in addition to the at least one electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II, comprise further constituent components. More specifically, the cathode may suitably comprise one or more binders, and/or one or more conductive additives. Suitably, such a binder may be selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxymethylcellulose. The one or more conductive additives may suitably be selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite powder, graphene, carbon nanorods and carbon nanotubes. The cathode may also, if desired, comprise one or more electroactive compounds other than the electroactive compound of Formula I or the electroactive compound of Formula II.
The at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II described above may suitably be present in an amount of at least 30 % by weight of the cathode. It should here be noted that the current collector to which the cathode is attached should not be considered to be included in the total weight of the cathode. The specific capacity of the cathode increases with increasing amount of the at least one organic electroactive compound. Suitably, the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II is present in an amount of at least 50 % by weight of the cathode. However, the amount of the organic electroactive compound of Formula I or the organic electroactive compound of Formula II (or in case of both compounds being present, the total amount thereof) should not be too high as this may for example lead to reduced stability of the cathode and/or inferior charge transfer from the electroactive material of the cathode to the adjacent current collector. Suitably, the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula II is present in an amount of up to 90 % by weight of the cathode (in case of the cathode comprising both the compound of Formula I and the compound of Formula II, the total amount of the organic electroactive compounds should not exceed 90 % by weight of the cathode). The balance may according to one alternative consist of one or more binders and/or one or more conductive additives.
Suitably, the cathode comprises at most 75 % by weight of the organic electroactive compound of Formula I and further comprises at least one binder as described above (or alternatively also the electroactive compound of Formula II). Thereby, it is ensured that the cathode has sufficient stability. The cathode may in such a case suitably also comprise one or more conductive additives as described above in order to ensure a desired charge transfer between the electroactive compound of the cathode and the current collector. According to one embodiment, the cathode consists of 30 % by weight to 75 % by weight (including the end values) of the organic electroactive compound of Formula I with the balance being one or more binders and one or more conductive additives.
In case the cathode comprises the organic electroactive compound of Formula II, the cathode may not need to comprise any binder, but may advantageously comprise at least one conductive additive to ensure a desired charge transfer from the electroactive material to the current collector. In other words, the cathode may in such a case consist only of the organic electroactive compound of Formula II and one or more conductive additives, if desired.
The anode of the solid state battery may suitably comprise or consist of lithium. For example, the anode may be composed of lithium metal or be composed of a lithium based alloy. Alternatively, the anode of the solid state battery may comprise or consist of sodium (Na). For example, the anode may be composed of sodium metal or a sodium based alloy. According to yet an example, the anode may be composed of a lithium-sodium-based alloy.
The electrolyte of the solid state battery is, as mentioned above, an ionically conductive solid electrolyte. The electrolyte may for example be an inorganic solid electrolyte, such as an oxide- based electrolyte, sulfide-based electrolyte or a phosphate-based electrolyte. Suitably, the inorganic solid electrolyte comprises or consists of an ion-conducting compound selected from a lithium containing oxide, a sodium containing oxide, an oxide comprising both lithium and sodium, a lithium containing sulfide, a sodium containing sulfide or a sulfide comprising both lithium and sodium. Examples of suitable inorganic solid electrolytes include, but are not limited to, LISICON or LISICON- like electrolytes (such as LimXZnLXGeOII, Li(3+X)GeXV(1.X)O4, or Li(4.X)Ge(1.X)PXS4, LiloMPzSlz (M = Si, Ge orSn) or LillSizPSlz), or NASICON or NASICON-like electrolytes (such as Na1+XZr2SiXP_»,-XO12 or Li1+XAlXGe2_ X(PO4)3). Such inorganic solid electrolytes are as such previously known and will therefore not be further described in the present disclosure.
Alternatively, the electrolyte may be a solid polymer electrolyte. For example, the solid polymer electrolyte may comprise one or more of poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and/or poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene).
The at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I is in itself previously known, and may be synthesized in accordance with any previously known method therefore. Likewise, the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula ll is in itself previously known, and may be produced in accordance with any previously known method therefore.
Moreover, the cathode may be produced in accordance with previously known methods therefore. For example, the constituent compounds of the cathode (i.e. including the organic electroactive compound(s), binder(s) and/or conductive additive(s)) may be mixed with a solvent and the resulting mixture coated onto a current collector, followed by evaporation of the solvent. Alternatively, the cathode may be produced separately (for example by a dry process) and adhered to the current collector by usage of a binder. The electrolyte may thereafter be cold pressed and/or adhered to the cathode by usage of a binder. Similarly, the anode may be adhered to the electrolyte by usage of a binder.
Figure 1 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of one example of a solid state battery 1 according to the present disclosure. The solid state battery 1 comprises a cathode 2. The cathode 2 may be bonded to a first current collector 3. The solid state battery 1 further comprises an anode 4. The anode 4 may be bonded to a second current collector 5. The solid state battery 1 further comprises a solid electrolyte 6 arranged between, as suitably bonded to, the cathode 2 and the anode 4. The solid electrolyte 6 separates the cathode 2 from the anode 4 such that the cathode 2 and the anode 4 are electrically isolated from each other. The first and second current collectors 3, 5 may in turn be connected to a load (during discharging) or charger (during charging). The load/charger is illustrated in Figure 1 by the box 10. The load/charger is not considered to be a constituent component of the solid state battery 1 per se.Figure 2 shows the redox reaction of the organic electroactive compound of Formula I. ln the figure, M1 and M2 each represents a metal atom, such as lithium or sodium, or hydrogen. As shown in the figure, there are two main oxidation reactions, happening at different potentials. During the first oxidation reaction at a comparable lower potential 2 electrons and 2 cations (M2*) are released. Further oxidation at a comparable higher potential results in the release of additional 2 electrons and 2 cations(M1*) . ln a preferred embodiment only the second redox reaction is used during battery operation.
Although not illustrated, the redox reaction of the organic electroactive compound of Formula ll is similar to the redox reaction shown in Figure 2 in that the oxygen groups on the first ring act as an electron withdrawing group.
Figure 3 illustrates one example of a vehicle 11, here shown as a bus, present at a charging station 12. The vehicle comprises a current collector, here illustrated as being in the form of a pantograph 13, configured to allow the vehicle 11 to be connected to the charging station 12 for the purpose of charging an energy storage device 14 (schematically illustrated in the figure by dashed lines) onboard the vehicle 11. The energy storage device 14 of a vehicle 11 may comprise a plurality of the solid state battery 1 describes above. The solid state batteries may be connected in series and/or in parallel.

Claims (1)

1.CLAIMS 1. A solid state battery (1) comprising a cathode (2), an anode (4) and an electrolyte (6), wherein the cathode (2) comprises at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I wherein each of R1 to R6 is independently selected from a group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, 10 C1-C3 alkyl, OH, SH, CN, 0(C1.3 alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), S02H, S03H, S02NHz, NHz, NH(C1-C3 alkyl), N(C1-C3 alkyl)2, COH, C02H, C02(C1-C3 alkyl), C0NH2, NHCOH, NHCO- C14, alkyl, OCONH-CECH, CH=CH2, and Ph; L is either a direct bond or a covalent linker moiety having a structure -(CH2)s-G1- (CH2)t-G2- or -G2-(CH2)t-G1-(CH2)s-; 15 s is from 0 to 6; t is from 0 to 6; each of G1 and G2 is independently selected from a group consisting of a direct bond, 0, S, S02, S03, 03S, S02NH, NHS02, NH, N(C1-C6 alkyl), C(0), C02, 02C, C(0)NH, NHC(0), 0C(0)0, NHC(0)NH, NHC(0)0, 0C(0)NH, CEC, CH=CH_~ 20 R7 is a polymer backbone. Phas andThe solid state battery (1) according to claim 1, wherein the cathode (2) further comprises at least one binder selected from a group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxymethylcellulose. The solid state battery (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the cathode (2) further comprises at least one conductive additive selected from a group consisting of carbon black, graphite powder, graphene, carbon nanorods and carbon nanotubes. The solid state battery (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I or Formula ll is present in an amount of at least 30 % by weight of the cathode, preferably at least 50 % by weight of the cathode (2). The solid state battery (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anode (4) comprises lithium-metal, sodium-metal, or an alloy based on lithium and/or sodium. The solid state battery (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrolyte (6) is an inorganic solid electrolyte. The solid state battery (1) according to claim 6, wherein the inorganic solid electrolyte comprises an ion-conducting compound selected from a lithium and/or sodium containing oxide and/or a lithium and/or sodium containing sulfide. The solid state battery (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrolyte (6) is a solid polymer electrolyte. The solid state battery (1) according to claim 8, wherein the solid polymer electrolyte comprises poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and/or poly(vinylidene fluoride- hexafluoropropylene). The solid state battery (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cathode (2) comprises at least one organic electroactive compound of Formula I, and each of R1 to R4 is independently selected from a group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, Cl-Cg, alkyl, OH, SH, CN, O(C1.3 alkyl), S(C1-C3 alkyl), and NH(C1-C3 alkyl). 11. A vehicle (11) comprising the solid state battery (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
SE2250656A 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Solid state battery and vehicle SE546197C2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE2250656A SE546197C2 (en) 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Solid state battery and vehicle
DE102023113688.7A DE102023113688A1 (en) 2022-06-01 2023-05-25 Solid state battery and vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE2250656A SE546197C2 (en) 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Solid state battery and vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE2250656A1 SE2250656A1 (en) 2023-12-02
SE546197C2 true SE546197C2 (en) 2024-06-25

Family

ID=88790587

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE2250656A SE546197C2 (en) 2022-06-01 2022-06-01 Solid state battery and vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102023113688A1 (en)
SE (1) SE546197C2 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3547422A1 (en) * 2016-11-24 2019-10-02 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Electrode active material for nonaqueous secondary batteries, and nonaqueous secondary battery using same

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3547422A1 (en) * 2016-11-24 2019-10-02 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Electrode active material for nonaqueous secondary batteries, and nonaqueous secondary battery using same

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
: Margaud Lécuyer, Joël Gaubicher, Anne-Lise Barrès, Franck Dolhem, Marc Deschamps, Dominique Guyomard, Philippe Poizot, A rechargeable lithium/quinone battery using a commercial polymer electrolyte, Electrochemistry Communications, Volume 55, 2015, Pages 22-25, ISSN 1388-2481 *
Weixiao Ji, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Le Xin, Avery Luedtke, Dong Zheng, He Huang, Tristan Lambert, Deyang Qu; A high-performance organic cathode customized for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries, Energy Storage Materials, Volume 45, 2022, Pages 680-686, ISSN 2405-8297 *
Yao, M., Umetani, S., Ando, H. et al. Rechargeable organic batteries using chloro-substituted naphthazarin derivatives as positive electrode materials. J Mater Sci 52, 12401-12408 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1368-z *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE2250656A1 (en) 2023-12-02
DE102023113688A1 (en) 2023-12-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6620547B1 (en) Cathode including transition metal/matrix polymer composition and a secondary polymer battery therefrom
US10511049B2 (en) Electrolyte system including alkali metal bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and dimethyoxyethane for improving anodic stability of electrochemical cells
KR101595971B1 (en) Lithium-sulfur battery and cathode therefore
US5601947A (en) Electroactive high storage capacity polycarbon-sulfide materials and electrolytic cells containing same
US5529860A (en) Electroactive high storage capacity polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials and electrolytic cells containing same
US11189834B1 (en) Multiple electrolyte battery cells
US20060234125A1 (en) Lithium Ion Rocking Chair Rechargeable Battery
US20190237757A1 (en) Method for manufacturing electrode including polymer electrolyte and electrode obtained thereby
US20130130085A1 (en) Alkali metal-cathode solution battery
US6090504A (en) High capacity composite electrode and secondary cell therefrom
US10056651B2 (en) Low temperature secondary cell with sodium intercalation electrode
WO2011023110A1 (en) Lithium sulphur battery
US6146791A (en) Hydrogenated fullerenes as an additive to carbon anode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
KR20180106810A (en) Composite electrolyte, secondary battery, battery pack and vehicle
KR101724720B1 (en) Lithium ion air battery
CN102714310B (en) Comprise the lithium-based electrochemical electric organ of the different electrochemical cells of two types
US20140234692A1 (en) Separator for an energy store and an energy store
KR102195063B1 (en) Low temperature secondary cell with sodium intercalation electrode
US11101485B2 (en) Flow battery
CN117117314A (en) Wettability additive for lithium ion batteries
SE546197C2 (en) Solid state battery and vehicle
US20210218092A1 (en) High power and high energy self-switching electrochemical storage device
KR102837451B1 (en) Binder for lithium-sulfur electrode, positive electrode comprising same, and lithium-sulfur secondary battery
US6309778B1 (en) Electroactive high storage capacity polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials and electrolytic cells containing same
CN112436106B (en) Metal positive electrode and battery based on metal positive electrode