SE528246C2 - House building, wall elements and procedure associated therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building that has at least one delimiting part, such as a wall or a ceiling. The delimiting part includes a first layer (1) and a second layer (2) with a space (4) between the layers. According to the invention, the delimiting part is provided with liquid delivery means (5) that function to deliver liquid to said space for a fire fighting purpose. The invention also relates to a wall element of a corresponding nature, and to a fire fighting method.

Description

A25 30 528 246 2. on the one hand, a 'more cost-effective installation of fire-fighting equipment' is allowed.

Disclosure of the invention According to the first aspect of the invention, this object has been achieved by a house construction of the type stated in the preamble of claim 1, comprising the special feature that the limiting part is provided with liquid supply means arranged to supply liquid to said spaces.

Due to the fact that the liquid, which is normally but not necessarily water, is supplied in a space between two layers in the wall, the wall itself becomes water-laden. The heat from the fire will then to a large extent be consumed by evaporating the water supplied to the interior of the wall. The principle thus means that the water is supplied on the inside of the wall, which in contrast to standard sprinkler systems ensures an effective temperature reduction and thus increases the possibility of mastering the development of the fire.

Another important advantage of such a arranged liquid supply is that it can be cost-effectively integrated with the actual construction of the building and can constitute a system element from the beginning present in the wall element that forms the walls of the house. The house building can advantageously be provided with liquid supply means for internal water spraying of all the walls of the house, primarily the vertical walls but also floors and roofs. In some cases it may be sufficient that only a part of the walls is provided with liquid supply means.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invented house building, the first layer is a surface layer of the wall. By adding water to the inside of a layer that forms a surface layer, it gets close exposure to the heat that is to be reduced, at the same time as its effect is most important in connection with the surface layer of the wall.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the surface layer is of hygrophobic material. With such a material, the surface layer can absorb a large amount of water in the same, which gives both a large cooling effect and the possibility of an efficient spread of the water along the entire surface layer. The fact that the water is absorbed by the layer also reduces the risk of uncontrolled accumulation of large amounts of water and thus a reduced risk of water damage. By surface layer in this respect is meant a layer of the wall which constitutes a structural component of the same. By surface layer is thus not meant that the cladding of wallpaper or paint is normally applied to the boards which form the structural surface layer. According to a preferred embodiment, the material in the surface layer comprises gypsum or a mixture of wood and gypsum in the form of boards. Gypsum itself is a material that has good water absorption capacity. Particularly advantageous, however, is a mixture of wood? gypsum and gypsum that combine high absorbency with advantageous properties from the point of view of others.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the first layer is arranged on the inside of an outer wall. It is above all the inward-facing sides of the outer walls that are important to water spray to effectively prevent the fire from spreading.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the second layer is an insulating layer of hygrophobic material. Thus, the supplied water will primarily seek out the first layer where it does the most good from a firefighting point of view.

According to a further preferred embodiment, said layer comprises cellular plastic. In this context, cellular plastic blocks combine a number of advantageous properties. It allows good construction economy, has good properties and is not prone to absorb water.

According to a further preferred embodiment, said second comprises. layer of pro-element for cohesive building elements of said second layer, which pro-element has parts extending beyond the surface of the second layer facing the first layer, against which parts of the second layer abut so that said gaps are formed.

This is a very advantageous arrangement where one takes advantage of the 'satisfaction' that the projecting parts of the profile elements offer to achieve a well-spaced space. A joining of the building elements with profile elements of this kind is in itself an advantageous construction method and these profile elements are used here for another function. Reference is made here to WO 00/26483.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the liquid supply means is arranged at the upper part of the wall, preferably next to its upper edge. Thus * gravity is used to distribute the water over a large part of the wall in the vertical direction. This advantage is, of course, most apparent if the liquid supply means is located adjacent to the upper edge as the entire vertical extent of the wall is thereby irrigated. By utilizing the gravity of the water distribution for the water distribution, the need to ensure a certain pressure of the supply medium 1 the water.

According to a further preferred embodiment, liquid supply comprises; i i in the body a tube with a number of openings along the tube. Such a tube, horizontal. oriented in a simple manner ensures that the water is efficiently distributed to the horizontal extent of cradle rice. The pipe can of course also be obliquely directed and it is not excluded that vertically oriented pipes are also present.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the building is provided with a detector arranged to detect a fire-indicating parameter such as e.g. in temperature or the presence of smoke, which detector is arranged to initiate at a certain exceeded value of said parameter that liquid is supplied to the liquid supply H means. This provides an automatic trigger for liquid spraying so that the need for manual intervention for this is eliminated.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a liquid tank is arranged I at a high height in the building, which liquid system is connectable to the liquid supply means. Thereby, the supply of water can be ensured in a simple way and so that one frees oneself from being dependent on the building's normal water supply system. According to a further preferred embodiment, the wall comprises a basic part integrated with the wall, which mainly consists of concrete. wall elements with basic element integrated in this way are previously known from EP 954 654, which is hereby referred to. .

Such a constructed wall is an expression of a rational construction thinking based on the prefabrication principle. A wall according to the invention with a built-in sprinkler is from a certain point of view also an expression of the same prefabrication principle. The sprinkler system according to the invention is therefore particularly advantageous in connection with the mentioned type of wall with integrated base and includes a holistic perspective of integrating different types of functions at a prefabrication stage. According to the second aspect of the invention, the set-up object has been achieved in that a wall element according to the preamble of claim 15 comprises the special feature that the wall element is provided with liquid supply means for supplying liquid to said spaces. 10 20 25 30 528 246 The invented wall element constitutes a prefabricated unit which is suitable. _ for the construction of a house building according to the present invention and entails there? with corresponding benefits. In addition, a wall element according to this type means that it is possible to provide a prefabricated component which is already prepared for the sprinkler system to which the invention relates. Being able to build the house building with such prepared elements means a rational and cost-effective production. According to preferred embodiments of the invented wall element, this comprises such features that it may form a wall or part of a wall in a house building according to the invention and the preferred embodiments of the house-à 'building. Thus, benefits of the same kind are gained that are gained with them. preferred embodiments of the invented house building and as described above in connection with the description thereof. According to the third aspect of the invention, the object set forth has been achieved in that a method of the kind set out in the preamble of claim 17 includes the special measure that liquid is supplied to the space between the layers when fire is indicated in the building. According to preferred embodiments of the invented method, it is applied to a house building in accordance with the invention or according to any of the preferred embodiments thereof. The invented method and the preferred embodiments entail advantages of the same kind as stated above with respect to the invented house building and the preferred embodiments thereof as described above. The invention is explained in more detail by the following detailed description of advantageous embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Figures Fig. 1 is a section through a part of a wall in an exemplary embodiment according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial section along the line II-II in fi g 1.

Fig. 3 is a side view of a detail in fi g 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a building in accordance with the invention. oo O I n 0 Oo 0009 10 20 25 30 528 246 6, Description of advantageous embodiments Fig. 1 shows a section through the upper part of a wall in an embodiment according to the invention. In this case, an outer wall. It has an outward-facing surface 3, which can be plaster, bricks or panels. Inside this there is an insulating layer 2 which e.g. can consist of blocks of cellular plastic. On the inside of the wall there is an inner layer 1 sorn e.g. may consist of gypsum boards or boards of a mixture of gypsum and wood, e.g. the Danish s.k. The SASMOXTM board sc'mlb 'consists_ »of hard-pressed pulp of wood and plaster. Between the inner layer 1 and the insulating layer 2 there is a gap 4 'which suitably has a width in the range of 1-10 mm. '. At the upper end of the gap, a tube 5 extends perpendicular to the plane of the direction. The pipe constitutes a water supply means and is provided with a number of openings distributed along the longitudinal direction of the pipe, which openings are suitably directed downwards. The perforated pipe can e.g. be of copper or be of the type plastic pipe parent wires.

Fig. 2, which is an enlarged partial section along the line II-II through the wall in Fig. 1, illustrates an example of how the inner wall layer 1 can be attached to the insulating layer 2 to provide a definite gap width. The insulating layer 2 years is made up of blocks 2a, 2b of cellular plastic. The blocks are held together by vertical steel posts 6 with a substantially Z-shaped profile. The web 9 of the Z-profile is located where the blocks meet and on each side of the layer 2 the profile abuts with its legs 7a, 7b against the cellular plastic blocks 2a, 2b and side surface, respectively. Each leg 7a, 7b ends with a hook 8 which penetrates into a cut in the respective foam block. In this way, blocks 2a, 2b in the layer are held together. The 6-wall thickness of the Z-pro är is 1.8 mm. Thus, part of the Z-pro fi len- 6, ie. the leg 7a to project the corresponding distance from the inside of the insulating layer 2.

The disc 1 is fixed by being attached to the legs 7a on the Z-profiles.

This creates a gap between the board 1 and the insulating layer which is 1.8 mm. Fig. 3 showing an enlarged side view of a part of the pipe in Fig. 1 illustrates how the pipe 5 can be formed with a number of holes 10 arranged on the underside, through which holes water can be injected into the space formed by the gap 4 between the plate 1 and the insulating layer 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic section through a building provided with a Sprinkler system in accordance with the invention. At a high height in the building, a water tank 10 20 25 30 528 246 7 11 is arranged. The cistern can e.g. be made of neoprene rubber. Connected to the cistern is a system of pipelines 12 comprising vertical pipes 5a, pipes 5b, šórnv I _ V extending horizontally parallel to the plane of the drawing and pipes 5c extending perpendicular to the plane of the direction. The pipe system also includes obliquely directed "pipes I" in The pipe system is of course adapted to what the building looks like and how its g-river 'and walls run. A complete system can include that a pipe runs along the upper edge of each wall both outer walls and inner walls In each floor, on the underside of each floor and along the sloping roof surfaces. Of course, the extent of the pipe system can be limited to only certain walls and / or ceilings. The building may be equipped with one or more detectors 13 for sensing. Smoke generation and / or temperature Each sensor 13 is signal-prohibited, with a valve 14 next to the water tank 11, which valve is controlled by signals from the sensors 13. As an alternative or complement to water supply from the tank 11, the system may be provided with a connecting pipe. Arranged to allow external connection to a hose, for example from a fire truck. When fire is indicated at one of the sensors 13, a control signal to the valve 14 so that it opens, whereby the pipe system 12 is self-pressurized with water from the cistern 11. The water is sprayed out through the holes 10 in each pipe and thus reaches the space 4 formed between the layers 1 and 2. When the surface layer 1 is of gypsum or plaster / wood fi ber mixture, it is hygrophobic and absorbs the water. The insulation layer 2 of cellular plastic is hygrophobic and thus does not absorb any water.

The result is that the surface layer facing the space where it burns becomes water-impregnated.

The water in the disc 1 is evaporated by the heat from the fire, whereby a very effective reduction of the temperature is achieved, so that the spread of the fire is made more difficult.

In the example shown in fi g 1 and 2, the water is supplied to a space inside a surface layer facing the building. It should be clear that a corresponding arrangement can also be arranged at the outwardly facing surface layer 3. This may be suitable where fire may be feared to occur on the outside of the building.

The control of the system can of course be made more selective than what is described above. Thus, e.g. the fire indication from one of the sensors generates a control signal which, with the aid of suitably arranged valves, means that only a part of the pipes in the building is activated for water supply.

Claims (15)

20 25 30 528 246 PATENT REQUIREMENTS A house building comprises at least one limiting part, such as e.g. a wall or a ceiling, which limiting part has at least a first (1) and a second (2) layer with spaces (4) between them, characterized in that the limiting part is provided with liquid supply means (5) arranged for supplying liquid to said spaces (4), which first layer is a surface layer of water-absorbent material and which second layer is an insulating layer of hygrophobic material. House building according to claim 1, characterized in that said first layer (1) comprises boards of a material comprising gypsum or a mixture of gypsum and wood fiber. House building according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that said first layer (1) is a surface layer arranged on the inside of an outer wall. House building according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that said second layer comprises cellular plastic. House building according to any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that said second layer (2) comprises profile elements (6) for cohesive building elements (ß2a, 2b) of said second layer (2), which profile elements (6) have parts (7a) extending beyond the surface of the second layer (2) facing the first layer, against which parts (Ta) the first layer (1) abuts, so that said gap (4) is formed. House building according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the liquid supply means (5) is arranged at the upper part of the limiting part, preferably next to its upper edge. Housing building according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the liquid supply means comprises a pipe (5) with a number of openings (10) along the pipe. 10 15 20 25 30 528 246 “l House building according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the building is provided with at least one detector (13) arranged to detect a fire-indicating parameter such as e.g. temperature or the presence of smoke, which detector is arranged to initiate at a certain exceeded value of said parameter that liquid is supplied to the liquid supply means (5). Housing building according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a liquid tank (11) is arranged at a high height in the building, which liquid tank is connectable to the liquid supply means (5). Housing building according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the liquid supply means (5) is connected to a pipe system (12) with connecting means (15) arranged for connection to an external mobile liquid source. Said limiting part is a wall which comprises a basic part integrated with the wall, which consists essentially of concrete. House building according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that Wall element for a building, which Wall element comprises at least a first (1) and a second layer (2) with a space (4) between them, characterized in that the wall element is provided with liquid supply means (5) for supplying liquid to said space (4), which first layer is a surface layer of water-absorbent material and which second layer is an insulating layer of hygrophobic material. Wall element according to claim 12, characterized in that the wall element comprises such features that it can form a wall or a part of a wall in a house building according to any one of claims 1-11. A method for fire fighting in a house building, which house building comprises at least one limiting part such as e.g. a wall or a ceiling, which limiting part has at least a first and a second layer with spaces between them, which first layer is a surface layer of water-absorbent material and which second layer is an insulating layer of hygrophobic material, characterized in that liquid is supplied mentioned spaces when fire is indicated in the building. Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the method is applied to a house building according to one of Claims 1 to 11.