SE1150465A1 - Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature - Google Patents

Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature Download PDF

Info

Publication number
SE1150465A1
SE1150465A1 SE1150465A SE1150465A SE1150465A1 SE 1150465 A1 SE1150465 A1 SE 1150465A1 SE 1150465 A SE1150465 A SE 1150465A SE 1150465 A SE1150465 A SE 1150465A SE 1150465 A1 SE1150465 A1 SE 1150465A1
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
torrefaction
zone
heating
cooling
biomass
Prior art date
Application number
SE1150465A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE535466C2 (en
Inventor
Ingemar Olofsson
Martin Nordwaeger
Katarina Haakansson
Anders Nordin
Original Assignee
Bioendev Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bioendev Ab filed Critical Bioendev Ab
Priority to SE1150465A priority Critical patent/SE1150465A1/en
Priority to US14/117,998 priority patent/US20150107499A1/en
Priority to EP12785686.2A priority patent/EP2710097B1/en
Priority to CA2834303A priority patent/CA2834303C/en
Priority to US14/123,602 priority patent/US9580665B2/en
Priority to CN201280029755.3A priority patent/CN103608435B/en
Priority to PCT/SE2012/050534 priority patent/WO2012158118A1/en
Priority to EP20120786568 priority patent/EP2710100A4/en
Priority to RU2013156049A priority patent/RU2615169C2/en
Priority to RU2013156039A priority patent/RU2623225C2/en
Priority to CA2834324A priority patent/CA2834324C/en
Priority to CN201280029970.3A priority patent/CN103608438B/en
Priority to BR112013029477-9A priority patent/BR112013029477A2/en
Priority to BR112013029478-7A priority patent/BR112013029478A2/en
Priority to PCT/SE2012/050525 priority patent/WO2012158110A1/en
Publication of SE535466C2 publication Critical patent/SE535466C2/en
Publication of SE1150465A1 publication Critical patent/SE1150465A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
    • C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B39/00—Cooling or quenching coke
    • C10B39/04—Wet quenching
    • C10B39/06—Wet quenching in the oven
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/10—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
    • F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F26B11/0463—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
    • F26B11/0477—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum
    • F26B11/0486—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum the elements being held stationary, e.g. internal scraper blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/02—Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y02E50/15—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for torrefaction of a biomass. Said method and arrangements allows for precise control of torrefaction temperature, which is crucial for accurate control of the quality and properties of the torrefied material. The method comprising a step of cooling the torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derived from the exothermic torrefaction reactions

Description

TORREFACTION 003 Technical field The present invention relates to the field of torrefaction of biomass. lnparticular, it relates to a method and an arrangement for precise control oftorrefaction temperature, which is crucial for accurate control of the qualityand properties of the torrefied material.
BackgroundTo be able to compete with and replace fossil fuel energy carriers such as coal, oil and natural gas, lignocellulosic biomass would benefit from someform of pre-treatment method to overcome inherent drawbacks. The pre-treatment method torrefaction has been shown to improve biomass fuelqualities such as energy density, water content and milling, feeding andhydrophobic properties [1-4]. These improvements establish torrefaction as akey process in facilitating an expanding market for biomass raw materials.Torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment method that normally takes place in asubstantially inert (oxygen free) atmosphere at a temperature of about 220-600°C. During the process course a combustible gas comprising differentorganic compounds is released from the biomass feedstock in addition to thetorrefied biomass.The process of producing a torrefied material from lignocellulosic biomass can be said to include four stages: 1) a drying step, wherein free water retained in the biomass is removed; 2) a heating step in which physically bound water is released and thetemperature of the material is elevated to the desired torrefactiontemperature; 3) a torrefaction stage, in which the material is actually torrefied and whichstarts when the material temperature reaches about 220°C -230°C. Duringthis stage, the biomass partly decomposes and relseases different types ofvolatiles, such as hydroxy acetone, methanol, propanal, short carboxylic acids 2 and other hydro carbons. ln particular, the torrefaction stage is characterisedby decomposition of hemicellulose at temperatures from 220°C -230°C, andat higher torrefaction temperatures cellulose and lignin also starts todecompose and release volatiles; cellulose decomposes at a temperature of305-375°C and lignin gradually decomposes over a temperature range of250-500°C; 4) a cooling step to terminate the process and facilitate handling. Thetorrefaction process is terminated as soon as the material is cooled below220°C -230°C Summarv of the present disclosure The requirements for quality and properties of the torrefied products differconsiderably depending of the intended use of the product. The inventorshave realized that it is crucial to be able to precisely control the torrefactiontemperature in order to generate a torrefied product with the desiredcharacteristics. The present invention is based on the insight that exothermal,temperature-increasing reactions, takes place during the torrefaction processand that the amount of generated energy differs considerably betweendifferent types of lignocellulosic materials. For example, the inventors havediscovered that the torrefaction of woody biomass from eucalyptus generatesconsiderably more energy by exothermal reactions than the torrefaction ofwoody biomass from spruce. The exothermal reactions in the torrefactionprocess thus makes it hard to keep a constant torrefaction temperature and toobtain a torrefied product of a desired and reproducible quality. Hence, theinventors have realized a need for improved torrefaction methods whichallows for a precise control of torrefaction temperature and which facilitatesaccurate control of the quality and properties of the torrefied material.
The inventors have solved the problem described above with a methodof torrefaction of a dried and heated biomass, comprising the step of coolingthe torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperatureincrease derived from the exothermic torrefaction reactions. Another aspect ofthe invention relates to a torrefaction arrangement comprising at least one 3 torrefaction zone wherein the torrefaction zone comprises means for coolingand optionally also means for heating and wherein the means for cooling isconnected to a cooling source.
Brief description of the fiqures Figure 1 shows a torrefaction arrangement comprising a torrefaction zonewherein the torrefaction zone comprises means for cooling.
Figure 2 shows a typical temperature variation in the torrefaction arrangementshown in figure 1. Note that the cooling zone is not shown in figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a typical temperature variation in the torrefaction arrangementdisclosed in figure 1. Note that the cooling zone is not shown in figure 1.
Definitions: Torrefaction: A thermal pre-treatment method that takes place in a virtually inert (oxygenfree) atmosphere at a temperature above 220 °C but below 600 °C and whichproduces a torrefied biomass and combustible gases. During a torrefactionstage, parts of the biomass, in particular hemicellulose, decompose and giveoff different types of organic volatiles. ln a torrefaction process starting fromraw biomass, the actual torrefaction stage is preceded by a drying stagewherein free water retained in the biomass is removed and by a heating stagewherein the biomass is heated to the desired torrefaction temperature.
Heating zone: A specific region of a compartment in a torrefaction arrangement, locatedupstream of a torrefaction zone in relation to a biomass inlet of a torrefactionarrangement, comprising means for specifically regulating the temperature insaid specific region and wherein the temperature of a biomass is increased toa temperature near the desired torrefaction temperature prior to torrefaction.
Torrefaction zone: 4 A specific region of a compartment in a torrefaction arrangement, locateddownstream of a heating zone in relation to a biomass inlet of a torrefactionarrangement, comprising means for specifically regulating the temperature insaid specific region and wherein the temperature of a previously heatedbiomass is kept virtually constant at the desired torrefaction temperature for adesired torrefaction time wherein a desired torrefaction temperature is in arange between 220 °C to 600 °C.
Drying zone A specific region of a compartment in a torrefaction arrangement, locatedupstream of a heating zone in relation to a biomass inlet of a torrefactionarrangement, comprising means for regulating the temperature in saidspecific region and wherein a biomass is dried to a water content below 10 %prior to heating.
Cooling zone A specific region in a torrefaction arrangement, located downstream of atorrefaction zone in relation to a biomass inlet of a torrefaction arrangement,comprising means for regulating the temperature in said specific region andwherein the biomass is cooled to a temperature below 220 °C preferablybelow 100 °C.
Connecting zone A specific region in a torrefaction arrangement located immediately upstreamof a heating zone and immediately downstream of a torrefaction zone inrelation to a biomass inlet of said torrefaction arrangement.
Torrefaction time:The time the temperature of the material is kept virtually constant at thetorrefaction temperature Transport screw: Any type of helicoidal material transport devices including discontinuoushelicoidal transport devices. The helicoidal transport device can be fixed to acentral shaft or to the inner casing of a compartment, such as a drum,surrounding the transport screw.
Detailed descriptionln one aspect the invention relates to a method of torrefaction of a dried and heated biomass, comprising the step of cooling the torrefactionreaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derivedfrom the exothermic torrefaction reactions. Preferabiy the temperature in thetorrefaction zone is controlled using means for cooling and optionally alsomeans for heating. The means for cooling can easily be subjected to fouling,since gases released from the biomass material in the torrefaction zone willcondense on the said means for cooling. Therefore, in a preferredembodiment of the invention, the means for cooling and heating are interchangeable. Thereby heating/cooling means which becomes fouled duringthe cooling can be cleaned by heating up the said means for heating/coolingwhich leads to evaporation of the said condensed gases. ln one additionalembodiment the said means for cooling and heating are represented by heatexchangers. ln another embodiment the biomass is heated in a heating zone andthereafter torrefied in a torrefaction zone and preferably the residence time inthe torrefaction zone is controlled separately from the residence time in theheating zone.
Cooling of the torrefaction reaction enables precise control of torrefactiontemperature which facilitates accurate control of the quality and properties ofthe torrefied material. Therefore, in a preffered embodiment of the inventionthe material temperature of the biomass during the torrefaction stage shouldbe kept virtually constant such as that the maximum temperature and theminimum temperature of the biomass in a torrefaction zone deviates with atmost 50 °C, preferably with at most 40 °C, preferably with at most 30 °Cpreferably with at most 20 °C, preferably with at most 10 °C preferably with atmost 5 °C and more preferably with at most 2 °C. ln another embodiment,before a dried and heated material reaches a desired torrefaction temperaturean additional heating can take place in the torrefaction zone. Prior to thisshort additional heating the temperature can be more than 50 °C below the 6 desired torrefaction temperature, for example 60 °C or 65 °C or 70 °C or 75°C or even 80 °C below the desired torrefaction temperature. ln a preferred embodiment the residence time in the heating zone iscontrolled by controlling the rotational speed of a heating zone transportscrew and in another preferred embodiment the residence time in thetorrefaction zone is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of atorrefaction zone transport screw.
According to another embodiment of the invention the temperature of thebiomass entering a first heating zone is between 90 °C and 130 °C. Accordingto another embodiment of the invention the temperature of the biomassleaving a heating zone deviates from the torrefaction temperature with atmost 80 °C, such as 75 °C, such as 70 °C, such as 60 °C, such as 65 °C,such as 60 °C, such as 55 °C, preferably at most 50 °C, preferably with atmost 40 °C, preferably with at most 30 °C, preferably with at most 20 °C,preferably with at most 15 °C, preferably with at most 10 °C and morepreferably with at most 5 °C.
The preferred torrefaction temperature according to the present invention is inthe range between 220 °C to 600 °C, such as 220-500 °C, such as 220-450°C, such as 220-400 °C, such as 230-600 °C, such as 230-500 °C, such as230-450 °C, such as 230-400 °C, preferably 240-500 °C, preferably 240-400°C, preferably 240-350 °C most preferably 270-350 °C The preferred torrefaction time according to the present invention is in therange between 1 and 60 minutes preferably between 1 and 30 minutes,preferably 2-25 minutes and more preferably 2-20 minutes. The torrefactiontime normally refers to the residence time of the dried and heated biomass ina torrefaction zone. According to one embodiment, the cooling is performedduring the second half of the torrefaction time or in the downstream half of thetorrefaction zone. Such an embodiment may be preferred as the heat from the exothermal reactions may accumulate over the torrefacation reaction 7 leading to an increased need for cooling during the later stage of thetorrefaction reaction. ln another embodiment of the invention the material is dried in a drying zonebefore the material enters the heating zone and preferably the water contentin the biomass is lower than 10%, preferably lower than 7%, preferably lowerthan 5 %, preferably lower than 4 % preferably lower than 3 %, preferablylower than 2 %, more preferably lower than 1 % when the biomass enters theheating zone. ln another embodiment the torrefied material is cooled in acooling zone after the material have been torrefied in the torrefaction zone.According to another embodiment the material is heated in the heating zoneusing the means for heating in the heating zone and the temperature in thetorrefaction zone is regulated using heat generated from the exothermicenergy generated from the biomass during the torrefaction process andcooling supplied from the means for cooling in the torrefaction zone. Externalheating can also be supplied in the torrefaction zone to control the torrefactiontemperature via the means for heating in the torrefaction zone. According toanother embodiment no external heating is used in the torrefaction zone.According to a preferred embodiment the biomass is represented bylignocellulosic biomass.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a torrefaction arrangementcomprising at least one torrefaction zone wherein the torrefaction zonecomprises means for cooling and optionally also means for heating andwherein the means for cooling is connected to a cooling source. Said coolingsource may be any vessel or arrangement containing a cooling media or acoolant. The cooling media can be in liquid phase or in gaseous phase. lnone embodiment the cooling media is a liquid such as water or thermal oil andin another embodiment the cooling media is a gas or a gas mixture such asair or cold flue gases. ln one embodiment the cold flue gases are withdrawnfrom a boiler in connection with the torrefaction arrangement. ln anotherembodiment the cold flue gases are withdrawn from the drying zone in thetorrefaction arrangement. ln a preferred embodiment of the invention the 8 means for cooling and heating are interchangeable and preferably saidmeans for heating and/or cooling is represented by heat exchangers. ln another embodiment the torrefaction arrangement further comprises at least oneheating zone wherein said heating zones comprises means for heating andwherein the torrefaction arrangement comprises material transportarrangements such as that the residence time of the material in thetorrefaction zones can be controlled separately from the residence time in theheating zone(s). ln a preferred embodiment the torrefaction arrangementcomprised at least two compartments wherein the material transport in atleast one of the compartment can be controlled separately from the materialtransport in the other compartments and in which the torrefaction zone(s) arelocated in a different compartment than the heating zone(s). At least one,preferably at least two of the compartments can be represented by rotatabledrums in which screws may be fixed such that the material therein istransported when the drum rotates. ln another embodiment, the residencetime in the heating zone can be controlled by the rotational speed of a firstrotatable drum and the residence time in the torrefaction zone(s) isindependent of the rotational speed of said first rotatable drum. Preferably theresidence time in the torrefaction zone is controlled by the rotation speed of asecond rotatable drum wherein the residence time in the heating zone(s) isindependent of the rotation speed of said second rotatable drum. ln oneadditional embodiment the at least two compartments are connected with aconnecting zone. The material transport in said connecting zone can bemediated by gravity or by mechanical measures and the material transport inthe connecting zone is preferably independent of the material transport in thetorrefaction zone. Preferably, the connecting zone comprises means formeasuring the material surface temperature of the material in the connectingzone, the gas temperature, the oxygen concentration, the pressure, the gascomposition or product parameters. ln another embodiment at least one ofthe material transport arrangements in the torrefaction arrangement isrepresented by a helicoid screw or a flight conveyor and wherein the helicoidscrew preferentially can be represented by a helicoid screw flight or a helicoidscrew flighting welded on a central pipe or a helicoidal screw feeder. ln 9 another embodiment the torrefaction arrangement further comprises at leastone drying zone. Said drying zone is preferably located in a differentcompartment than the torrefaction zone and the material transport in thedrying zone is preferably independent of the material transport in thetorrefaction zone. The material transport arrangement in the drying zone canfor example be represented by a helicoid screw or a flight conveyor andwherein the helicoid screw preferentially can be represented by a helicoidscrew flight or a helicoid screw flighting welded on a central pipe or ahelicoidal screw feeder. ln another embodiment the material transportarrangement in the drying zone and the heating zone is represented by acommon transport screw. ln a different embodiment the material transport inthe drying zone is separate from the material transport in the heating zone.The torrefaction arrangement can further comprise at least one cooling zoneand said cooling zone can preferably comprise at least one screw cooler.Note that the cooling of the cooling zone is different from the cooling of thetorrefaction zone.
Detailed description of exemplarv embodiments Figure 1 shows a torrefaction arrangement having a biomass inlet (1)wherein the biomass is introduced in the torrefaction arrangement by meansof a feeding screw (2). The biomass is dried in a drying zone (3) wherein heatis supplied to the drying zone (3) by means of a heating media (e.g. hotgases) through a drying zone heating media inlet (4) and wherein the heatingmedia leaves the drying zone through the drying zone heating media outlet(5). Dried biomass is transported through the drying zone (3) at a speedregulated by the feeding speed in the biomass inlet (1) and enters the heatingzone (6) where the temperature of the biomass is elevated to a temperaturenear the desired torrefaction temperature. The heat is supplied to the heatingzone (6) by means of a heating media through a heating zone heating mediainlet (7) which leaves the heating zone through a heating zone heating mediaoutlet (8). The heated material enters a first torrefaction zone (9) in which thetemperature can be controlled by introducing heating media and/or coolingmedia in the first torrefaction zone heating/cooling media inlet (10) whereinsaid heating/cooling media exits the first torrefaction zone through the torrefaction zone heating/cooling media outlets (11). The biomass thereafterenters a second torrefaction zone (12) wherein the temperature can becontrolled using special means for cooling (18) wherein the means for cooling(18) is connected to a cooling source. Cooling media can be supplied to thesecond torrefaction zone via the torrefaction zone cooling media inlet (13) andsaid cooling media exits the torrefaction zone via a torrefaction zone coolingmedia outlet (14). The cooling media inlet (13) is connected to cooling source.The material transport in the heating zone (6) and torrefaction zones (9, 12) isdriven by a common transport screw which is attached to a drum enclosingthe heating zone (6) and torrefaction zones (9, 12). The said drum can beattached to a threading (15). Torrefaction gases from the drying zone (3),heating zone (6) and torrefaction zones (9, 12) are collected from thetorrefaction gas outlet (16) for combustion or processing. Torrefied biomassexits the torrefaction arrangement through a torrefied biomass outlet (17) andis preferably subsequently cooled to a temperature below 100 °C.
Figure 2 shows typical temperatures of the biomass in the different zones inthe torrefaction arrangement disclosed in figure 1: Zone 1 represents thedrying zone (3), zone 2 represents the heating zone (6), zone 3 representsthe first_torrefaction zone (9) and zone 4 represents the second torrefactionzone (12)_ln the drying zone (3) the biomass is_dried, typically to a watercontent of 2-10 % (w/w) and the temperature is elevated to about 100 °C. lnthe heating zone (6), the material is post-dried to about 0 % moisture (w/w)and the temperature of the material is elevated to close to the desiredtorrefaction temperature which in this example is 350 °C. ln the torrefactionzones the temperature is kept virtually constant at the desired torrefactiontemperature for a time corresponding to the desired torrefaction time. Coolingof the torrefaction reaction in the torrefaction zones counteracts atemperature increase derived from the exothermic torrefaction reactions andthereby facilitates the constant temperature in the torrefaction zones. ln figure1 the second torrefaction zone have special means for cooling the torrefactionreaction (18) but the torrefaction reaction can also be cooled using coolingmedia which is introduced to the torrefaction zones via the torrefaction zone 11 cooling media inlet (11, 13) Thereafter the temperature is decreased below100 °C in a cooling zone.
Figure 3 shows typical times and temperatures of the biomass in the differentzones in the torrefaction arrangement disclosed in figure 1. ln the presentexample the torrefaction temperature is 350 °C and the torrefaction time is 20minutes.
REFERENCES [1] M. J Prins et al. More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction. Energy2006, 31, (15), 3458-3470. [2] P. C. A. Bergman et al. Torrefaction for EntrainedFlow Gasification of Biomass; Report C--05-067;Energy Research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN):Petten, The Netherlands, July 2005; [3] K. Håkansson et al. Torrefaction and gasification ofhydrolysis residue. 16th European biomass conferenceand exhibition, Valencia, Spain. ETAFlorence, 2008. [4] A. Nordin, L. Pommer, l. Olofsson, K. Håkansson, M.Nordwaeger, S. Wiklund Lindström, M. Broström, T.Lestander, H. Örberg, G. Kalen, Swedish Torrefaction R&D program. First Annual Report2009-12-18 (2009).

Claims (16)

1. Claim 1A method of torrefaction of a dried and heated biomass, comprising thestep of cooling the torrefaction reaction so as to at least partly counteract a temperature increase derived from exothermic torrefaction reactions.
2. Claim 2 A method according to claim 1 wherein the temperature of thetorrefaction reaction is controlled using means for cooling and optionally alsomeans for heating
3. Claim 3A method according to claim 2 wherein the means for cooling andheating are interchangeable
4. Claim 4A method according to any one of claims 2-3 wherein the means forheating and/or cooling is represented by heat exchangers
5. Claim 5 A method according to any one of claims 1-4 wherein the temperatureof the biomass during the torrefaction reaction is kept within a temperaturerange of 50 °C or less, such as 40 °C or less, such as 30 °C or less,preferably 20 °C or less, preferably 10 °C or less and more preferably 5 °C orless.
6. Claim 6 A method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the residencetime of the dried and heated biomass in the torrefaction reaction is controlledseparately from the residence time in a heating step preceding thetorrefaction reaction. 13
7. Claim 7A method according to anyone of claims 1-6 wherein the biomass isIignocellulosic biomass.
8. Claim 8A method according to claim 7 wherein the Iignocellulosic biomass iseucalyptus.
9. Claim 9 A torrefaction arrangement comprising at least one torrefaction zonewherein the torrefaction zone comprises means for cooling and optionally alsomeans for heating and wherein the means for cooling is connected to acooling source.
10. Claim 10A torrefaction arrangement according claim 9 wherein the means forcooling and heating are interchangeabie
11. Claim 11A torrefaction arrangement according to claim 9 or 10 wherein themeans for heating and/or cooling are heat exchangers
12. Claim 12 A torrefaction arrangement according to any one of claims 9-11 furthercomprising at least one heating zone wherein said heating zone(s) comprisesmeans for heating and wherein the torrefaction arrangement comprisesmaterial transport arrangements such as that the residence time of thematerial in the torrefaction zones can be controlled separately from theresidence time in the heating zone(s).
13. Claim 13 14 A torrefaction arrangement according to any one of claims 9-12comprising a first compartment in which the heating zone(s) is/are arrangedand a second compartment in which the torrefaction zone(s) is/are arranged.
14. Claim 14A torrefaction arrangement according to ciaim 13 wherein at least oneof the compartments is a rotatable drum.
15. Claim 15 A torrefaction arrangement according to ciaim 14, wherein: the first compartment is a first rotatable drum connected to a firstdevice for contro||ing the rotationa| speed of the first rotatable drum; and the second compartment is a second rotatable drum connected to asecond device for contro||ing the rotationa| speed of the second rotatabledrum independent of the rotationa| speed of the first rotatable drum such thatthe residence time in the heating zone(s) can be contro||ed separately of theresidence time in the torrefaction zone(s).
16. Claim 16A torrefaction arrangement according to any one of claims 13-15wherein the at least two compartments are connected by a connecting zone
SE1150465A 2011-05-18 2011-05-18 Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature SE1150465A1 (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1150465A SE1150465A1 (en) 2011-05-18 2011-05-18 Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature
US14/117,998 US20150107499A1 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Method of Torrefacation of a Biomass Comprising the Step of Cooling the Torrefaction
EP12785686.2A EP2710097B1 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Countercurrent oxygen enhanced torrefaction
CA2834303A CA2834303C (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Method of torrefaction of a biomass comprising the step of cooling the torrefaction reaction
US14/123,602 US9580665B2 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Countercurrent oxygen enhanced torrefaction
CN201280029755.3A CN103608435B (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Comprise the biomass baking method that reactions steps is cured in cooling
PCT/SE2012/050534 WO2012158118A1 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Countercurrent oxygen enhanced torrefaction
EP20120786568 EP2710100A4 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Method of torrefaction of a biomass comprising the step of cooling the torrefaction reaction
RU2013156049A RU2615169C2 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Method of biomass torrefication including cooling step of torrefication reaction
RU2013156039A RU2623225C2 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Countercurrent oxygen-enhanced torrefaction
CA2834324A CA2834324C (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Countercurrent oxygen enhanced torrefaction
CN201280029970.3A CN103608438B (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Countercurrently oxygen enhancement mode bakees
BR112013029477-9A BR112013029477A2 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 roasting method of a biomass comprising the cooling step of the roasting reaction
BR112013029478-7A BR112013029478A2 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 enhanced counter-current oxygen roasting
PCT/SE2012/050525 WO2012158110A1 (en) 2011-05-18 2012-05-16 Method of torrefaction of a biomass comprising the step of cooling the torrefaction reaction

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1150465A SE1150465A1 (en) 2011-05-18 2011-05-18 Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE535466C2 SE535466C2 (en) 2012-08-21
SE1150465A1 true SE1150465A1 (en) 2012-08-21

Family

ID=46650252

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE1150465A SE1150465A1 (en) 2011-05-18 2011-05-18 Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20150107499A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2710100A4 (en)
CN (1) CN103608435B (en)
BR (1) BR112013029477A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2834303C (en)
RU (1) RU2615169C2 (en)
SE (1) SE1150465A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012158110A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5752212B2 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-07-22 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 Externally heated carbonization furnace
CN103756745B (en) * 2014-01-03 2015-09-02 张家港天源生物能源科技有限公司 biomass baking method
FI125541B (en) * 2014-04-24 2015-11-30 Torrec Oy Torrefiointilaite
US9927174B2 (en) * 2015-05-20 2018-03-27 Geoffrey W. A. Johnson Self Torrefied Pellet Stove
RU2714648C1 (en) * 2019-07-16 2020-02-18 Смышляев Сергей Владимирович Reactor for wood raw material torrefication
RU2714649C1 (en) * 2019-07-16 2020-02-18 Смышляев Сергей Владимирович Method for wood raw materials torrefication
CN113046103B (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-09-14 湖南耕农富硒农业科技股份有限公司 Processing equipment and processing method of biomass fuel

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5017269A (en) 1988-12-28 1991-05-21 Apv Chemical Machinery Inc. Method of continuously carbonizing primarily organic waste material
SE500058C2 (en) 1991-04-05 1994-03-28 Anders Kullendorff Procedure for roasting biomaterials
US5728361A (en) * 1995-11-01 1998-03-17 Ferro-Tech Tire Reclamation, Inc. Method for recovering carbon black from composites
FR2757097B1 (en) * 1996-12-13 1999-01-29 Bci DEVICE AND METHOD FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL
US6529686B2 (en) * 2001-06-06 2003-03-04 Fsi International, Inc. Heating member for combination heating and chilling apparatus, and methods
US7100303B2 (en) * 2002-11-20 2006-09-05 Pci Industries Inc. Apparatus and method for the heat treatment of lignocellulosic material
RU2006116714A (en) * 2006-05-15 2007-11-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образовани "Сибирский государственный технологический университет" (RU) METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL BRIQUETTES FROM CONIFEROUS WASTES
DE102007056170A1 (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-11-06 Dominik Peus Substance or fuel for producing energy from biomass, is manufactured from biomass, which has higher carbon portion in comparison to raw material concerning percentaged mass portion of elements
AU2009231575B2 (en) * 2008-04-03 2012-09-27 North Carolina State University Autothermal and mobile torrefaction devices
SE532746C2 (en) * 2008-06-11 2010-03-30 Bio Energy Dev North Ab Process and apparatus for the production of dry-refined lignocellulosic material
US10072227B2 (en) * 2008-07-04 2018-09-11 University Of York Microwave torrefaction of biomass
US8161663B2 (en) * 2008-10-03 2012-04-24 Wyssmont Co. Inc. System and method for drying and torrefaction
US8449724B2 (en) * 2009-08-19 2013-05-28 Andritz Technology And Asset Management Gmbh Method and system for the torrefaction of lignocellulosic material
SE534630C2 (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-11-01 Torkapp R Termisk Processutrustning Ab Method and apparatus for dry refining of biomass
WO2012074374A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-07 Biolake B.V. Apparatus and process for the thermal treatment of biomass

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE535466C2 (en) 2012-08-21
CN103608435A (en) 2014-02-26
EP2710100A1 (en) 2014-03-26
RU2013156049A (en) 2015-06-27
US20150107499A1 (en) 2015-04-23
BR112013029477A2 (en) 2020-08-04
CN103608435B (en) 2016-03-30
RU2615169C2 (en) 2017-04-04
EP2710100A4 (en) 2014-10-08
CA2834303A1 (en) 2012-11-22
WO2012158110A1 (en) 2012-11-22
CA2834303C (en) 2019-12-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
SE1150465A1 (en) Dry-refraction method comprising cooling the dry-refraction reaction to at least partially counteract a rise in temperature
US20160053181A1 (en) Gas Collection Apparatus
US4816572A (en) Thermocondensed lignocellulose material, and a method and an oven for obtaining it
RU2395559C1 (en) Method for thermal processing material containing organic substances
EP2553050B1 (en) Method and apparatus for torrefaction of biomass material
WO2010130988A1 (en) Staged biomass pyrolysis process and apparatus
EP2710101B1 (en) Method for cooling and increasing energy yield of a torrefied product
EP2710098B1 (en) Method of cooling a torrefied material
Sun et al. Review of torrefaction reactor technology
EP3256551B1 (en) Cooling process of torrefied biomass and apparatus
Majamo et al. Modeling and optimization of chemical-treated torrefaction of wheat straw to improve energy density by response surface methodology
US10428288B2 (en) Process for converting a biomass into at least one biochar
CA2834326C (en) Method for monitoring and control of torrefaction temperature
Naqvi et al. Physiochemical properties of pyrolysis oil derived from fast pyrolysis of wet and dried rice husk in a free fall reactor
Rofiqah et al. Effect of temperature in ionic liquids pretreatment on structure of lignocellulose from corncob
EP3470386B1 (en) Method for treating the biomass of lignocellulosic agricultural waste and/or waste containing phenolic functional groups
Agung et al. Microwave torrefaction technology in biochar production: A review
BR112022001617A2 (en) Apparatus and roasting method
WO2012158115A2 (en) Moisture control of a predrying step in a torrefaction process

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NUG Patent has lapsed