RU99998U1 - INSTALLATION FOR THERMOABRASIVE CLEANING OF THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF PIPES FROM DEPOSITS (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A device for thermo-abrasive cleaning of the pipe’s inner surface from deposits, containing a gas generator and an ejector, a combustion chamber with holes for air supply, a fuel nozzle and spark plugs, a nozzle for the exit of a high-temperature gas, a gap between the combustion chamber are installed in the gas generator housing with a gap relative to its walls and the inner wall of the gas generator is in communication with the air supply system, the ejector is installed on the nozzle exit side, has a mixing chamber and communicates with the abrasive supply system, characterized the fact that the nozzle of the gas generator is made with an oblique cut, and the mixing chamber of the ejector is installed at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle with rotation towards the beveled part of the cut of the nozzle. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made tapering. ! 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made supersonic, expanding. ! 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made sound, non-expanding. !5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas generator nozzle is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber. ! 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas generator nozzle is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel. ! 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixing chamber is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel. ! 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the output part of the mixing chamber is made in the form of a diffuser. ! 9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the output of the mixing chamber is made with

Description

The utility model relates to the field of cleaning the inner surface of pipes from preservative grease, corrosion, various deposits, residues of old paint and varnish anti-corrosion coatings, etc. in various industries - petrochemical, gas, food, etc.

Known devices [RF patent No. 2184002, IPC B08B 9/02, 5/00, publ. 06.27.2002, BI No. 18], [RF patent No. 2282504, IPC B08B 9/032, B08B 5/00, publ. 08/27/2006, Bull. No. 24], which contain a thermogas generator and an ejector. Hydrocarbon fuel and air are supplied to the combustion chamber of the gas generator. The combustion products flow through the nozzle and are used in the ejector located at the nozzle exit as a working fluid for transporting the abrasive and accelerating its particles to high speeds in the mixing chamber. The device with the help of a rod is introduced into the pipe and performs longitudinal movement, while the pipe is rotated by means of a drive. A high-speed and high-temperature jet of combustion products and abrasive particles acts on the inner surface of the pipes. The device allows you to qualitatively clean the inner surface of pipes of various diameters. There are no restrictions in the direction of large diameters. The smallest diameters of the pipes to be cleaned are limited by the transverse overall dimensions of the device.

Closest to the proposed utility model is a device for cleaning the inner surface of pipes from deposits [RF patent No. 2363569, IPC B24C 5/04, B08B 9/04 publ. August 10, 2009], which was adopted as a prototype. The device comprises a thermogas generator, including a combustion chamber installed with a gap relative to the thermogas generator body, a nozzle for releasing high-temperature gas, an air supply pipe in communication with a gap between the thermogas generator body and the combustion chamber. At the entrance to the combustion chamber from the side of the end wall of the gas generator, a fuel nozzle and an ignition element are installed. An ejector with a mixing chamber is installed on the outlet side of the nozzle. The ejector has a hollow tray for feeding the abrasive with a cross-section in the shape of a crescent, located along the body of the thermogas generator and covering it. The input of the tray is mated to the abrasive supply pipe located on the side of the end wall of the gas generator, and the output is connected to the ejector, the air supply pipe is also installed on the end side of the gas generator. Due to the reduction of the transverse overall dimensions, the device allows to expand the diameter range of the pipes being cleaned in the direction of reduction. This device provides high quality cleaning, but when processing pipes with an inner diameter close to the transverse dimensions of the device, the device is located along the axis of the pipe, while the working jet of gases and abrasive acts on the pipe surface to be cleaned tangentially at a small angle, which limits the cleaning performance.

The technical result, which the proposed device is aimed at, is to increase the cleaning performance of the inner surfaces of the pipes by increasing the angle of influence of the high-temperature and high-speed flow of a mixture of gases and abrasive on the surface being cleaned and increasing the flow rate head.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a device for thermoabrasive cleaning of the inner surface of pipes from deposits (option 1) containing a gas generator and an ejector, a combustion chamber with holes for air supply, a fuel nozzle and spark plugs is installed in the gas generator housing with a gap relative to its walls, a nozzle for the release of high-temperature gas, the gap between the combustion chamber and the inner wall of the gas generator is in communication with the air supply system, the ejector is installed on the nozzle exit side, has a chamber cm sheniya and communicates with a supply of abrasive system the gasifier nozzle is obliquely cut, while the mixing chamber of the ejector is angled relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle from turning toward the tapered portion of the nozzle section.

The output of the mixing chamber is made with an oblique cut, the bevel direction of which coincides with the bevel direction of the gas generator nozzle.

A device for thermoabrasive cleaning of the pipe’s inner surface from deposits (option 2) contains a gas generator and an ejector, a combustion chamber with holes for supplying air, a fuel nozzle and spark plugs, a nozzle for the exit of high-temperature gas, a gap between the chamber are installed in the body of the gas generator with a gap relative to its walls combustion and the inner wall of the gas generator is in communication with the air supply system, the ejector is installed on the nozzle exit side, has a mixing chamber and is in communication with the abrasive supply system, a gas generator configured to cut straight, and a mixing chamber at the outlet has an oblique cut.

For options 1 and 2, common features are as follows.

The gas generator nozzle is made narrowing, or expanding supersonic, or sound non-expanding.

The gas generator nozzle is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber.

The gas generator nozzle is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel.

The mixing chamber of the ejector is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel.

The output part of the mixing chamber is made in the form of a diffuser.

From the front of the combustion chamber, there is a pre-chamber in which a fuel nozzle and a spark plug are installed.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in figures 1-8.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the device (option 1) with a supersonic expanding nozzle.

In Fig.2 is a longitudinal section of the device (option 2) with a supersonic expanding nozzle.

Figure 3 - various forms of execution of the nozzle: 3A - the nozzle is tapering, 3b - sound non-expanding.

Figure 4 - nozzle mounted at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber.

Figure 5 - nozzle made curved, with the formation of a curved channel.

Figure 6 - mixing chamber of the ejector, made curved, with the formation of a curved channel.

In Fig.7 - the mixing chamber of the ejector, the output of which is made in the form of a diffuser.

On Fig - pre-chamber, located on the front side of the combustion chamber, in which the fuel nozzle and spark plug are installed.

The device (option 1) contains a gas generator, inside the housing 1 of which, in accordance with its shape with a gap 2 relative to its walls, a combustion chamber 3 and a nozzle 4 for the exit of combustion products are installed. To supply air to the combustion chamber 3, holes 6 are made in its wall. The gap 2 between the gas generator housing 1 and the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the air supply system by means of a nozzle 5. A fuel nozzle 7 and a spark plug 8 are installed in front of the combustion chamber 3. side of the rear of the combustion chamber 3 is a nozzle 4 with an oblique cut at the exit. At the exit of the nozzle 4 there is an ejector 9 with a mixing chamber 10, which is installed at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 4 with rotation towards the beveled part of the nozzle exit 4, in the direction of the jet of high-temperature combustion products flowing from the nozzle 4. The input part of the mixing chamber 10 is in communication with the abrasive supply system using the pipe 11.

The output of the mixing chamber 10 is made with an oblique cut, the bevel direction of which coincides with the bevel direction of the nozzle 4 of the gas generator.

The device (option 2) contains a gas generator, inside the housing 1 of which, in accordance with its shape with a gap 2 relative to its walls, a combustion chamber 3 and a nozzle 4 for the exit of combustion products are installed. To supply air to the combustion chamber 3, holes 6 are made in its wall. The gap 2 between the gas generator housing 1 and the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the air supply system by means of a nozzle 5. A fuel nozzle 7 and a spark plug 8 are installed in front of the combustion chamber 3. a nozzle 4 is located on the side of the rear of the combustion chamber 3. At the outlet of the nozzle 4 there is an ejector 9 with a mixing chamber 10, which is installed in the direction of the jet of high-temperature combustion products flowing out of the nozzle 4. The output of the nozzle 4 is made with a direct cut, and the mixing chamber 10 at the exit has an oblique cut. The input part of the mixing chamber 10 is in communication with the abrasive supply system using the pipe 11.

For options 1 and 2, the following forms of execution are common.

The gas generator nozzle 4 is made tapering (FIG. 3 a), or expanding supersonic (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2), or sonic non-expanding (FIG. 3 b).

The nozzle 4 is installed coaxially with the combustion chamber 3 (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2), or the nozzle 4 of the gas generator is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 3 (FIG. 4).

The nozzle 4 of the gas generator is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel (figure 5).

The mixing chamber 10 of the ejector 9 is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel (Fig.6).

The output part of the mixing chamber 10 is made in the form of a diffuser (Fig.7).

In the front part of the combustion chamber 3, there is a pre-chamber 12 made in the form of a shell mounted on the side of the front end wall of the combustion chamber, and in which a fuel nozzle 7 and a spark plug 8 are installed (Fig. 8).

The device (options 1 and 2) works as follows. The device is mounted on a rod designed for its longitudinal movement inside the pipe being cleaned. Pipes 5, 11, fuel injector 7 are connected to the supply systems, respectively, of air, abrasive material and fuel. Candle 8 is connected to an electric ignition system. The pipe is given a rotational movement, the device is inserted inside the pipe being cleaned. Fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber 3 of the gas generator through the nozzle 7 and air through the openings 6 in a ratio that ensures the formation of a “rich” combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 3, which is ignited using the spark plug 8.

After ignition of the combustible mixture, the air supply is increased, the ratio of fuel to air consumption is set corresponding to the operating mode, the gas generator is brought to the operating mode.

The resulting high-temperature combustion products are accelerated in the nozzle 4, and then used in the ejector 9 as an ejection gas. The ejector 9 transports the abrasive from the hopper, accelerates its particles to high speeds in the mixing chamber 10 and directs the flow of the mixture of high-temperature gas and abrasive to the surface to be cleaned.

When cleaning the inner surface of pipes of small diameters, where the device cannot be rotated at an angle to the generatrix of the pipe, and therefore is located along the pipe, an increase in the angle of influence on the surface being cleaned and the velocity of the mixture flow is as follows.

Option 1. In the combustion chamber 3 of the gas generator creates a pressure that provides in its nozzle 4 supercritical pressure drop. When flowing out of a tapering nozzle 4 with an oblique cut, or a sound non-expanding nozzle 4 with an oblique cut working at a supercritical pressure drop, the gas expands in the oblique cut and acquires supersonic speed, and the middle direction of the jet deviates from the axis of the nozzle 4 towards the beveled part of the cut of the nozzle 4. When a supersonic gas jet expands from an expanding supersonic nozzle with an oblique cut, it deviates from the axis of the nozzle 4 towards the beveled part of the nozzle cut 4.

The deflected supersonic jet flows as an ejection gas into the mixing chamber 10 of the ejector 9, which is installed along the axis of the deflected jet, and the angle of influence of the high-temperature and high-speed flow of the mixture of combustion products and abrasive on the cleaned inner surface of the pipe increases.

An additional reversal of the flow of the mixture of products of combustion and abrasive to the surface being cleaned is achieved when the ejector 9 is in critical mode when the output of the mixing chamber 10 with an oblique cut is fulfilled, the bevel of which coincides with the bevel of the nozzle 4 of the gas generator. In this case, a supersonic speed is achieved at the output of the mixing chamber 10, and a flow reversal occurs in an oblique section of the output of the mixing chamber 10 in the direction of the bevel. Due to the additional turn, the angle of the flow influence on the surface being cleaned increases.

Option 2. When flowing from a tapering nozzle 4, or a sound non-expanding nozzle 4 having a direct cut at the outlet and operating at a supercritical pressure drop, the gas stream having a sound speed at the nozzle exit 4 continues to expand, its speed becomes supersonic, and the cross-sectional area - greater than the area of the outlet cross section of the nozzle 4. When expiring from a supersonic expanding nozzle 4 having a straight cut at the outlet, the gas stream has a supersonic speed. When the ejector 9 is operating in critical mode, the supersonic flow rate is reached at the output of the mixing chamber 10, at the end of which the flow turns towards the bevel from the mixing chamber 10 with an oblique cut and the angle of influence of the high-temperature and high-speed flow of combustion products and abrasive on the cleaned internal pipe surface increases.

For options 1 and 2, the angle of influence of the flow of combustion products and abrasive on the surface to be cleaned increases when the nozzle 4 of the gas generator is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber 3 with rotation to the surface to be cleaned (Fig. 4), when the nozzle 4 of the gas generator is curved in the form of a curved channel with a bend in the direction of the surface being cleaned (Fig. 5), when the mixing chamber 10 is curved towards the surface to be cleaned (Fig. 6). Moreover, the total possible angle of installation of the mixing chamber 10, installed in the direction of the jet of ejecting gas flowing out from the nozzle 4, is limited by the condition of placing the device inside the pipe being cleaned.

For options 1 and 2, when the ejector 9 is operating in critical mode in the diffuser part of the output of the mixing chamber 10 (Fig. 7), the flow rate continues to increase, and the velocity head of the mixture flow also increases.

In options 1 and 2, the pre-chamber 12, located on the front side of the combustion chamber 3 of the gas generator, operates as follows. Fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber 3 of the gas generator through the nozzle 7, and air through the openings 6 in a ratio corresponding to the operating mode. In the cavity of the pre-chamber 12, a more “rich” mixture is created than in the volume of the main combustion chamber 3, which is ignited using the spark plug 8. After this, the mixture ignites in the main combustion chamber. This provides a simpler startup algorithm, and accordingly facilitates the ability to automate the startup process.

When using the device as part of automated pipe cleaning lines, it is also possible to install a flame detector in the combustion chamber, such as a thermocouple, from the front wall of the combustion chamber.

Thus, the proposed device, designed to clean the inner surfaces of pipes from deposits, by increasing the angle of exposure and increasing the pressure head of the flow of a mixture of high-temperature gas and abrasive, can significantly increase the cleaning performance of the inner surfaces of pipes of small diameters.

Claims (19)

1. A device for thermo-abrasive cleaning of the pipe’s inner surface from deposits, containing a gas generator and an ejector, a combustion chamber with holes for air supply, a fuel nozzle and spark plugs, a nozzle for the exit of a high-temperature gas, a gap between the combustion chamber are installed in the gas generator housing with a gap relative to its walls and the inner wall of the gas generator is in communication with the air supply system, the ejector is installed on the nozzle exit side, has a mixing chamber and communicates with the abrasive supply system, characterized the fact that the nozzle of the gas generator is made with an oblique cut, and the mixing chamber of the ejector is installed at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle with rotation towards the beveled part of the cut of the nozzle. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made tapering. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made supersonic, expanding. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made sound, non-expanding. 5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas generator nozzle is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber. 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gas generator nozzle is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel. 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixing chamber is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel. 8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the output part of the mixing chamber is made in the form of a diffuser. 9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the output of the mixing chamber is made with an oblique cut, the bevel of which coincides with the bevel of the nozzle of the gas generator. 10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the side of the front of the combustion chamber there is a pre-chamber in which a fuel nozzle and a spark plug are installed. 11. A device for thermoabrasive cleaning of the pipe’s inner surface from deposits, containing a gas generator and an ejector, a combustion chamber with holes for air supply, a fuel nozzle and spark plugs, a nozzle for the exit of a high-temperature gas, a gap between the combustion chamber are installed in the gas generator housing with a gap relative to its walls and the inner wall of the gas generator is in communication with the air supply system, the ejector is installed on the outlet side of the nozzle, has a mixing chamber and communicates with the abrasive supply system, featuring Esja in that the outlet nozzle configured to direct a cut, and the ejector mixing chamber at the outlet has an oblique cut. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made tapering. 13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made supersonic, expanding. 14. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the gas generator nozzle is made sound, non-expanding. 15. Device according to any one of paragraphs.11-14, characterized in that the gas generator nozzle is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber. 16. The device according to any one of paragraphs.11-14, characterized in that the nozzle of the gas generator is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel. 17. The device according to any one of paragraphs.11-14, characterized in that the mixing chamber is made curved, with the formation of a curved channel. 18. The device according to any one of paragraphs.11-14, characterized in that the output part of the mixing chamber is made in the form of a diffuser. 19. The device according to any one of paragraphs.11-14, characterized in that on the side of the front of the combustion chamber there is a pre-chamber in which a fuel nozzle and a spark plug are installed.