RU95338U1 - MOSCOW MOTORWAY SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The system of motorways of Moscow, characterized in that it contains a radially located above-ground multi-tier motorways and at least one above-ground multi-tiered ring motorway, and the entrance to the megalopolis on elevated freeways is made in front of the border of the metropolis with rebuilding and movement along ramps, providing isolation from each other of the flows of individual, freight and public transport on at least two tiers of the elevated highway, while the first yard a mustache containing at least four lanes is intended for the passage of freight and public transport with stops at transport hubs, and the second tier, containing at least eight lanes, is intended for cars, the ring elevated motorway crosses all radial elevated motorways, radial elevated motorways intersect each other, in a single network of elevated motorways interchanges are made at intersections for public, freight and easy At the intersections near metro stations and at other places of the radial and annular above-ground highways, transport and interchange nodes are installed; the supporting structures of the overhead highways are made with the possibility of ensuring the operation of ground transport during the installation of overground highways. ! 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring elevated highway is located in the right of way of the Moscow railway ring. ! 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring elevated car

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of construction, namely to the transport complexes of large cities - megacities with their suburbs, similar to Moscow, and can be used in the preparation of master plans for the reconstruction of megacities taking into account the regulation and unloading of passenger, cargo and passenger and cargo flows of the transport complex of the metropolis.

This development belongs to the category of complex systems that meet the definition known from the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary "Polytechnic" (M., "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 1998, p. 488).

The transport systems of cities - megacities are single transport complexes consisting of various types of transport structures - radial and ring highways, artificial structures in their composition, land, underground, water and air transport highways, including metro lines, railways and airfields.

The arrangement of the main transport systems of the world is based on the fact that all the main ones pass through the central part of the city, the ends of the highways on the peripheral part of the city do not close with each other, or are interconnected by the ring highway located in the peripheral part of the metropolis.

The development process of Moscow over the past twenty years has created many urban development problems caused by insufficient coordination in the development of social, industrial, economic and other industries. The outstripping pace of housing construction does not correspond to the development of social, engineering and transport infrastructures and, as a result, the level of services provided to the population by objects of social and cultural life and transport. In addition, even the very low density of the road network (5.5 km / km ² ) in Moscow, i.e. 3-5 times less than in many other megacities of Europe and the world, it does not provide unimpeded movement of flows of personal, public and freight transport, labor resources, which leads to daily hours-long congestion.

Due to the lack of streets and highways, their low traffic capacity, lack of parking spaces for cars, and difficulties in the operation of ground public transport, transport connections between city-planning entities force Muscovites to spend a considerable amount of time traveling to places of employment, public centers, etc., and as a result, lead to uncomfortable living conditions.

To eliminate traffic congestion in Moscow, a large-scale construction of the 3rd and 4th transport ring, interchanges at intersections with radial and underground highways is being carried out, aimed at improving the existing street-road network and efficient use of territorial-construction resources.

At the same time, the practice of operation shows that the reconstruction of the street-road network is not leading to an improvement in the conditions for the movement of vehicles and public services, since the throughput capacity of sections of the road-road network cannot provide unhindered traffic. As a result, due to the high speed of the approach of transport to the tail of the stream, which began to reduce speed, the stream length increases in a matter of seconds, and congestion occurs.

The solution of the above problems requires a new scenario for the development of the transport system of Moscow and the spatial links between its functional areas with the rational use of the territory.

At the same time, the formation of highways, the provision of city residents with car parking and parking; the distribution of large shopping centers, which are mainly concentrated on the outskirts of the city near the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD); the placement of warehouse terminals, the organization of office and hotel services, public and cultural centers should ensure the elimination of their deficit, uniform distribution throughout Moscow, etc.

Known (RU, patent 2104363) is a transport complex of a metropolis, including a system of intersecting motor, tram, trolleybus, railways, metro lines, including radial-ring structures, bridge crossings, viaducts at intersections of highways, traffic intersections, overpasses , bus and train stations for other modes of transport, airports.

Known (RU, patent 2152482) is a transport complex used in conditions of close urban development of a metropolis. In the well-known transport complex on sections of the intracity ring transport highway of the metropolis, including a road tunnel connected by a land section with at least one intersection of the ring highway with a radial highway, the tunnel is located along the axis of the ring highway and is made in length with two curved sections facing the convex part in opposite directions, as well as with the middle and end straight sections located between them, while the intersection of the annular and The main line is made in the form of an overpass located along the axis of the annular highway, the carriageway of which is interfaced by the carriageway of the land section with the carriageway of the tunnel ramp.

Known (RU, patent 2135670) is a transport complex of a metropolis, including a system of intersecting motor, tram, trolleybus, railways, metro lines, including radial-ring structures, bridge crossings, overpasses at intersections of transport highways, traffic intersections, overpasses, bus and train stations for other modes of transport, airports, while the transport complex is made with at least two ring highways, at least the outer of which is located and in the peripheral zone of the metropolis. The transport complex also contains intersections with highways and railway lines, as well as at least three intersections with coastal shipping lines, at least three bridge crossings at the intersections of the ring highway with coastal shipping lines, at least seven medium and small bridges, overhead and underground pedestrian crossings . The intensity of traffic flows and the corresponding saturation of intersections and man-made structures in different sections of at least the outer ring highway are differentiated by sectors of the metropolis bounded by the outer ring highway and formed by the intersection of lines, one of which connects the conditional start point located on the axial line of the outer ring highway "zero" kilometer and a point spaced from the first half the length of the centerline of this highway, and the other connects e points on the centerline of the motorway in places its intersection with a line passing through the midpoint of the first line normal to it. At least the majority of intersections, including traffic intersections, are multilevel, at least three traffic interchanges are configured to redistribute traffic flows at three levels, and at least one traffic intersection is configured to redistribute traffic flows at four levels.

Known (RU, patent 2314947) is a transport complex including a railroad track with a rail track and an automobile overpass mounted on poles, between which a roadbed is located on the load-bearing beams located above and along the railway line, and the automobile overpass is equipped with consoles used for mounting the parking lot with an acceleration and deceleration lane or employees for installation of a suspended monorail transport and parking with an acceleration and deceleration lane.

The disadvantages of all the above technical solutions should be recognized the fact that they do not solve the transport problems of the metropolis.

The technical problem solved by the developed complex is to optimize cargo and passenger flows on the streets of Moscow.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed transport complex is to improve the traffic conditions of automobile transport, increase the convenience of transport services for the population of Moscow, as well as improve the environment by reducing the number of traffic jams.

To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use the developed system of motorways (transport complex) of Moscow. The developed system of motorways contains radially located elevated multi-tier highways and at least one elevated multi-tiered ring motorway, and the entrance to the metropolis on the elevated highways is carried out in front of the megalopolis border with rebuilding and movement along interchanges-ramps providing isolation of individual flows from each other freight and public transport on at least two tiers of the elevated highway, with the first tier containing at least at least four lanes are intended for the passage of freight and public transport with stops at transport hubs, and the second tier, containing at least eight lanes, is intended for cars, the ring elevated motorway crosses all radial elevated motorways, radial overhead motorways intersect each other, in a single network of overhead motorways, interchanges are made at intersections for public, freight and passenger transport, in At the intersections near the metro stations and at other places of the radial and annular above-ground highways, transport-interchange nodes are placed, the supporting structures of the overhead highways are made with the possibility of ensuring the operation of ground transport during the installation of overhead highways. Preferably, the ring elevated motorway is located in the right of way of the Moscow railway ring. A ring elevated motorway can cross all radial elevated elevated motorways in at least 10 places. When implementing the developed system, radial elevated highways can intersect each other in at least 9 places, creating a four-tier structure at the intersections. In order to improve the service culture, interconnections at intersections for public, freight and passenger vehicles can be provided in a single network of overhead motorways, and the intersections of radial highways are made in at least two tiers. In the basic embodiment, the transport and interchange unit contains a pedestrian interchange zone and multifunctional facilities and is intended to serve pedestrians and passengers of vehicles, as well as drivers of vehicles. To provide access to the network of transportation hubs, the system may additionally contain car parks, car and passenger elevators that connect overhead motorways with ground level. Usually, overhead highways contain ramps, located at the entrance to the metropolis, providing transit transport through passage through the metropolis. In the area of transport and transfer hubs, warehouse complexes can be located that are capable of servicing freight transport arriving via elevated highways. Preferably, the supporting structure is a large-span truss with a length of up to 72 meters and a height of at least 6 meters. In one embodiment, the transportation hub is a subsystem of structures at ground level containing freight car elevators and above-ground car parks, and the freight elevators are configured to lift and lower cars located on the overhead motorway or in the parking lot, while pedestrian routes in the interchange zone, public transport stops and passenger elevators are placed with the possibility of movement of people to the parking lot, to the tiers of the highway, which By public and road transport. In the second embodiment, the transportation hub serves as a community center, including a motel, office building, parking lots, facilities for raising and lowering cars and people. In the third embodiment, the transportation hub is a community center, including retail space, storage facilities, sports grounds, parking lots, facilities for lifting and lowering cars and people.

To accommodate the developed system, you can use the reserve territories of Moscow occupied by communal-warehouse and industrial zones, etc. However, the location of such territories in most cases is inconvenient or will require the demolition of a large number of buildings to ensure the construction of highways, roads, driveways, new facilities. Therefore, an urban development solution is necessary for the development of the city, the use of which in the system of urban development of Moscow and urban development activities will increase comfort in the system of life. Such a solution could be the formation of engineering transport and social infrastructure in the zone of the right of way of the Moscow Railway, which is practically free from development and includes railway facilities in the form of low-rise buildings and structures. This makes it possible to arrange multi-tier highways on the aboveground tracks, as well as various facilities necessary for servicing Muscovites and guests of the capital.

Consequently, the zone of the railway right of way can be considered as a territorial-construction resource (TCP) equal to:

TCP = PTR + NT

where: PTR - a potential territorial resource, including the territory of railways at ground level;

NT - elevated areas above the railways for the device of highways, objects for various purposes.

The use of TCP data provides a solution to the transport, territorial problems and the formation of new city objects. However, such a path for the development of the transport system, the network of social and industrial-warehouse infrastructure facilities in the zone of the railway right of way will require scientific and practical justification of the legal relationship between the participants in the urban planning process; conditions for the formation of elevated highways in various zones of Moscow; selection of large-span structures that ensure uninterrupted operation of railway transport and perceive the necessary dynamic and static loads from vehicles and public buildings; construction priority; transportation hub systems; approach to the selection and accounting of the main and secondary functional processes, functional-technological and physical-technical factors.

The solution of these problems leads to a set of experimental measures aimed at ensuring the reliability of the results of the design, construction and operation of an overhead highway with transport hubs; substantiation of the ways to preserve and develop the current layout of Moscow; living conditions of Muscovites; interests of daily transit motorists and bus passengers; efficient operation of public and freight transport, etc.

The formation of elevated highways should be carried out at a height above 10 meters. With a two-tier arrangement of motorways, the height can reach 24 meters. In solving this problem, a compromise should be sought between the scale of the existing development and the high functional characteristics of elevated highways, which reduce the number of vehicles at ground level and arrange the required number of conveniently located parking lots. This development in the zone of the railway right of way has a well-known architectural, historical and urban development value and requires careful consideration for it, taking into account the scale, proportions, architectural composition and plastic.

In addition, the construction of an overhead motorway causes a change in the aerodynamic, insolation and noise conditions of the adjacent building area, which will require compensation for these effects by arranging noise-wind screens, vertical and horizontal landscaping. The area of such landscaping, so necessary in Moscow, can reach tens of thousands of square meters. To fulfill the above and other conditions, the projects proposed two variants of the general plan, using the railway right of way inside the small railway ring and with partial use. This allows you to fully take into account the advantages and disadvantages of the project and ensure the reliability of investment investments, interest and competence in the development of legal documents.

The considered urban development prospects and development problems of Moscow led to the formulation of a working hypothesis about the possibility of: using space in the right of way of existing railway lines of all directions and the Small Ring Road to create a unified system of overhead motorways within the Moscow Ring Road; separation of personal, public and freight transport along traffic tiers; using the area and length of overhead motorways in two tiers (more than 1300 ha, 550 km) to increase the throughput of streets and roads at ground level; the formation of new facilities with comfortable transport links; transfer to overhead motorways from 20 to 40% of transport moving around Moscow.

In order to confirm the hypothesis, a design experiment was performed for the territory of the Southeastern administrative district of Moscow. A feature of the concept proposed in it is a partial separation of the transport system in the aboveground territories in the railway right of way from the existing city road network. To create relatively independent transport systems, entry to Moscow on overhead motorways was made in front of the Moscow Ring Road with rebuilding and movement along special ramps. The flows of individual, freight and public transport are isolated from each other on two tiers of an elevated highway.

The first tier in four lanes is designed for freight and public transport with stops at transport hubs. The second tier has eight lanes for cars.

Ring overhead motorway in the right of way of the Small Railway Ring in the variant crosses all radial overhead motorways in 10 places. Radial elevated highways intersect each other in 9 places, resulting in four tiers at the intersection points. The unified network of overhead motorways provides interchanges at 19 intersections for public, freight and passenger vehicles. In the second option, interchanges are provided in 12 places ”and intersections are made in two tiers.

At the intersections, near metro stations and in other places of radial and ring elevated highways, transport interchange nodes (TPU) are located. Transport hubs include pedestrian zones and multifunctional facilities and serve residents of Moscow, both from ground level and from the overhead motorway, and transit motorists, bus passengers - only from overhead motorways.

For overhead highways, special interchanges-ramps in the MKAD zone are provided that provide transit transport through passage through Moscow, bypassing the street-road network at ground level with its problem areas.

The organization of pedestrian and transport traffic for transit motorists and bus passengers is provided by a network of evenly located parking lots in the central, middle and peripheral zones of Moscow. People arriving in Moscow by car or bus, having ramped onto the overhead motorway in front of the MKAD, move along the unified overhead motorway to the TPU, metro and other places where you can leave your transport in the parking lot.

The network of warehouse complexes in TPU involves a new distribution system for goods in the city, in which freight trains enter Moscow via elevated highways and move to TPU warehouses for unloading. From warehouses on small utility vehicles, goods are transported around the city. In such TPUs, the driver of the train, having parked his transport in the parking lot, can repair it and spend the night in the hotel complex.

The choice of load-bearing structures of overhead motorways should ensure the operation of the railway during the construction process at the minimum cost of their construction. There are two possible layouts of vertical load-bearing structures, according to construction schemes. With relatively small spans, the use of the inter-rail distance is assumed, which as a result leads to the reconstruction of the rail track and, as a result, to the complication of the conditions for the movement of trains and the cost of building the highway. Therefore, the most acceptable design is a large-span farm up to 72 meters long. Such farms allow to cover the entire right of way of the railway or part of it without affecting the rails. In addition, the farm height of 6 meters has the necessary bearing capacity for the installation of buildings on it, and in the inter-farm space of the premises.

For a detailed design development, three variants of a transport and transfer hub are accepted as design objects.

The transportation hub can be a system of organizing a road network at ground level, structures with freight car lifts and overground parking lots. Freight elevators provide the ascent and descent of cars moving along the overhead motorway or in the parking lot. Road junction at ground level allows loading and leaving elevators from specially organized sites. Pedestrian routes in the interchange zone, public transport stops and passenger elevators provide movement of people to the parking lot, to the tiers of the motorway along which public and road transport.

The transportation hub can serve as a community center, including a motel, office building, parking lots, facilities for lifting and lowering cars and people. The motel is designed for passengers arriving in Moscow as tourists or for personal purposes. The movement of these passengers in Moscow is supposed to be on the metro, shuttle buses at ground level, on personal or rented cars on overhead motorways. The office building is designed for Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region. Entrance to the parking lot of employees of this office, arriving in personal cars from the region, is carried out only from the tier of the highway. Office workers also come from the region by buses, traveling only on the overhead motorway.

The transportation hub can also be a community center, including trade, storage facilities, sports grounds, parking lots, facilities for lifting and lowering cars and people. Trade and sports are intended for residents living in the zone of pedestrian accessibility and in other places in Moscow and the Moscow region. At the same time, Muscovites come by personal or public transport moving on the ground or on the overhead highway, and residents of the region - only on the overground highway. From the region, the delivery of agricultural, food and industrial products is carried out only by an overhead highway. Parking lots include spaces for personal, public and freight transport.

The proposed concept for the integrated development of the Moscow transport system involves a balanced set of measures for the formation of an elevated, ground and underground street-road network, a ring railway for an open metro, etc. The inclusion of TPU in this system allows you to place socially significant buildings in the right amount and in the right place and complexes in accordance with the needs of Moscow.

Fulfillment of the considered conditions for solving the transport problem of Moscow provides a guarantee of results when organizing and conducting scientific and design work on the formation of elevated highways and TPU systems without removing the territories that are scarce in Moscow. At the same time, the investment attractiveness of transportation hub projects for owners, tenants and investors will be of interest at all time stages of construction.

Claims (14)

1. The system of motorways of Moscow, characterized in that it contains a radially located above-ground multi-tier motorways and at least one above-ground multi-tiered ring motorway, and the entrance to the megalopolis on elevated freeways is made in front of the border of the metropolis with rebuilding and movement along ramps, providing isolation from each other of the flows of individual, freight and public transport on at least two tiers of the elevated highway, while the first yard a mustache containing at least four lanes is intended for the passage of freight and public transport with stops at transport hubs, and the second tier, containing at least eight lanes, is intended for cars, the ring elevated motorway crosses all radial elevated motorways, radial elevated motorways intersect each other, in a single network of elevated motorways interchanges are made at intersections for public, freight and easy At the intersections near metro stations and at other places of the radial and annular above-ground highways, transport and interchange nodes are installed; the supporting structures of the overhead highways are made with the possibility of ensuring the operation of ground transport during the installation of overground highways. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring elevated highway is located in the right of way of the Moscow railway ring. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring elevated motorway crosses all radial elevated motorways in at least 10 places. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial elevated highways intersect each other in at least 9 places, creating a four-tier structure at the intersections. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in a single network of elevated highways there are interchanges at intersections for public, freight and passenger vehicles. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the intersection of the radial lines is made of at least two tiers. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport and interchange unit contains a pedestrian interchange zone and multifunctional facilities and is intended to serve pedestrians and passengers of vehicles, as well as drivers of vehicles. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that for providing access to the network of transport and transfer nodes, the system further comprises parking lots, car and passenger elevators, connecting overhead motorways with ground level. 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevated highways contain interchanges-ramps located at the entrance to the metropolis, providing transit transport through passage through the metropolis. 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of the transport and transfer hubs are located warehouse complexes, located with the possibility of servicing freight transport arriving on overhead highways. 11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure is a large-span truss with a length of up to 72 m and a height of at least 6 m 12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the interchange hub is a subsystem of structures at ground level containing freight car elevators and above-ground parking lots, and freight elevators are configured to lift and lower cars located on the overhead highway or located in the parking lot, while pedestrian routes in the interchange zone, public transport stops and passenger elevators are placed with the possibility of people moving to the parking lot, to the tiers of the highway, which moves public and road transport. 13. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the interchange hub performs the functions of a community center, including a motel, office building, parking lots, facilities for lifting and lowering cars and people. 14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transportation hub is a community center, including retail space, storage facilities, sports fields, parking lots, facilities for lifting and lowering cars and people.