RU72372U1 - HIGH-RELIABLE INTER-OBJECT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

A system of highly reliable intra-object communication, comprising switching centers (CC), connected in series with each other by fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), to which switches and remotes are connected, a broadcast unit and a subscriber line unit for telephone sets, and other terminal elements, characterized the fact that dynamic switches (DK) are additionally introduced into the system, while the communication network of the intra-ship communication complex (VKS) is made in the form of a ring subsystem with temporary grouping and has the configuration of two unidirectional lines connected in series, forming a double ring, and the switching network elements are dynamic switches located in the network nodes, and DC elements can be both communication networks with various exchange protocols and subscriber devices that perform the functions of terminal devices of the network user, wherein the DC contains optoelectronic and electro-optical converters connected to an information input-output device, which, in turn, through a buffer the register memory is connected in parallel with the device for synchronizing and extracting signals of cyclic and clock synchronization, a central processor module and a switching field module.

Description

The highly reliable intra-object communication system belongs to the field of radio electronics and can be used to organize intra-ship communication and data transmission.

The development trend of highly reliable information transmission systems is inextricably linked with the widespread introduction of network architecture in the daily activities of people, the growth in the volume of transmitted information, the emergence of new problem-oriented services that require communication channels (SC) with a throughput of up to 10 bit / s, the integration of various services within one data network, the organization of high-speed (up to 10 bit / s) CS based on fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), the transition to digital methods and tools information transfer.

The main problem in the development of highly reliable data transmission technologies is the interoperability of networks with various exchange protocols and waveforms.

At present, ships and vessels of the Navy are operating in-ship communication systems (VKS) of the “Larch”, “Nettle”, “Kashtan” types, as well as a commandless battery emergency communication system, an intra-ship emergency communication system and automatic telephone communication (ATS). (Directors N.F., Katanovich A.A. Modern VKS systems, "Shipbuilding", St. Petersburg, 2001).

Various VKS systems are also known that offer to combine loud-speaking communications (GHS), telephone communications and broadcasting into a single system. Such, for example, as a GGS device (AS USSR No. 1125768, Cl. H04m 9/08). The device contains switches, microphones, loudspeakers, amplifiers and other elements and has a number of modifications in terms of capacity and application conditions.

Closest to the claimed system according to the technical nature of the solution to the issue is the "System of shipboard loud-speaking communication and broadcasting" (RF patent No. 2111168 of 05.29.96, Cl. Н04В 13/00). The system includes switching centers (CC), connected in series with each other by fiber-optic communication lines, to which switches and remotes are connected, a broadcast unit and a subscriber line unit for telephone sets. Such a system allows you to combine GHS, telephone communications and broadcasting into a single system.

However, this approach requires a radical transformation of existing communication systems and does not meet the requirements of a single communication complex, as it does not provide a combination of batteryless telephone and emergency radio communications.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase reliability and expand the functionality of the system by creating a single

intraobject communication complex based on a dynamic switch (DK).

This goal is achieved by introducing dynamic switches into the well-known system, while the communication network of the complex is a ring system with temporary grouping and has the configuration of two unidirectional lines connected in series, forming a double ring, and the network switching elements are dynamic switches located in the network nodes, and DC elements can be both communication networks with various exchange protocols, and subscriber devices that perform the functions of terminal devices network user, while the DC contains optoelectronic and electro-optical converters connected to an information input-output device, which, in turn, is connected through a buffer register memory to a synchronization and clock and clock synchronization device, a central processor module and a switching module fields.

The block diagram of a highly reliable intra-object communication system is shown in figure 1. it contains: switching centers 1 (KC), dynamic switches 2 (DK), interconnected by two unidirectional lines forming a double ring 3. To each KC 1 are connected switches, consoles 4, as well as blocks of various speakers, broadcast units and subscriber line units telephone sets (not shown in FIG.).

To DC 2 connected lines of telephone batteryless communications, emergency communications and data networks (PD). The structural diagram of DC 2 is shown in figure 2. It contains: optoelectronic converters 5 and electro-optical converters 6, an input / output device 7, a buffer register memory 8, a device for synchronizing and extracting signals of cyclic and clock synchronization 9, a central processor module 10 and a switching field module 11.

Optoelectronic converters 5 include an optical transmitter and an optical receiver. On the one hand, a binary fiber optic cable 3 is connected to the transducers, and on the other, a standard electrical connector for powering the system.

Electro-optical Converter 6, is used to convert an electrical signal into an optical one.

The information input-output device (I / O) 7, performs the functions of a controller interface DC with subscriber devices. In addition, the air-blast performs the functions of interfacing subscriber devices with a switching field. Pairing with the processor and the switching field (KP) is carried out through the system bus.

Information from the subscriber unit is entered into the buffer memory, from where it is then read through the CP at time points corresponding to the channel numbers in the network. The information coming from the network for the subscriber device through the CP is entered into the buffer memory of the controller, from where it is then read at the specified time steps. When receiving and transmitting voice information, the controller operates in a digital machine mode.

Buffer (elastic) register memory 8 with the ability to control the speed of reception and transmission of information.

An elastic memory device is a buffer device for a digital signal, in which recording is performed at one clock frequency, and reading from another.

Under ordinary conditions, the timing of the transmitted signal in the regenerators is based on the use of oscillations of the clock frequency obtained in the regenerator and used to determine the decision moments. However, the transmitted signal is timing from a separate local generator. In the elastic memory device, short-term instability of the reception clock frequency is absorbed, and the conditions for maintaining a certain average level of accumulation in the elastic memory determine the frequency of the master oscillator for the transmitted signal over a long period of time. In accordance with this, the master oscillator of the transmitted signal is synchronized by the clock frequency of the line on a long-term, but not on a short-term basis.

The main node of this device is a phase locked loop (PLL). Thanks to the PLL, synchronization is derived from the received data. Jitter minimization is ensured by a narrow PLL passband.

The protocol for intra-ship communication equipment provides for the transfer of information between DCs. Each DC uses its own clock generator when transmitting information to the ring and during its transmission. In this case, elastic memory of variable volume is used in each recreation center. The speed at which information is received in the elastic memory is set by the clock signal extracted from the received data, and the sampling speed from the elastic memory is determined by the frequency of the clock signal generated by the synchronization device in each recreation center. When using an elastic memory of 10 bits in the frequency difference of clock signals of 0.005%, the transmission of frames with a length of 4500 bits does not cause an overflow of elastic memory.

The device for synchronizing and extracting signals of cyclic and clock synchronization 9 serves to restore the carrier of coherent reception of modulated signals, restore oscillations of the clock frequency to regenerate the input cyclic signal, and perform the operation of entering the cyclic synchronism to determine the position of individual channels in a cycle with time grouping.

Between DC 2, when transmitting information over the network, a transition is made from one synchronized equipment to another, as a result of which certain instabilities, phase jitter of timing oscillations inevitably occur in the signal at the reception.

In the intra-object communication network, a two-point synchronization scheme is used. Blocking the phase of the cycle in each DC provides the frequency of the input data stream and an autonomous source of clock pulses, which is also used to resynchronize the input data stream. As a result, the applied transmission code is selected taking into account warranty considerations for each receiving DC functioning

local master oscillator with the input signal rate. The requirements of this type of synchronization means that for the continuous determination of the boundaries of the signals, a certain minimum density of transitions in the signal is necessary. A sufficient number of transitions provides the Manchester transmission code.

The module of the central processor 10, consists of two main parts - the central processor itself and the system controller. The central processor (CPU) is based on the 16-bit microprocessor M1810VM86. The system controller module includes a system clock shaper, an arbiter, an interrupt sequential priority priority shaper, a bus timer, a clock shaper, and a power control module. The choice of a system bus was made in favor of a microcomputer bus based on the VWE standard.

The VWE-bus operates in multiplexer mode and can process up to seven levels of interruptions, the capacity of the address bus is 24 bits of data, 16 bits. Both the address bus and the data bus can be reconfigured (they automatically change the bit depths). This allows you to expand system capabilities as technology improves. The VWE bus uses master-slave architecture. Function modules, called masters, transmit data to slave slave units, including through other slave units. The use of the VWE-bus interface as a system backbone facilitates the creation of switch software, as well as simplifies its debugging process and creates good prerequisites for further standardization of software and hardware solutions.

The switching field module 11 serves to perform the routing and switching functions of digital, pulse-code samples. It switches the network channels of the videoconferencing equipment and incoming components.

The digital switch is built according to the scheme with time division of channels (WRC), which allows you to send digital bits between devices connected to the network.

The use of the digital method of switching with WRC provides the establishment of a connection of temporary channels through the switching field from the incoming path to the outgoing one. In this case, two main methods of establishing a connection are used:

- the temporary switching stage establishes connections with the time division of channels, i.e. in accordance with the switching task, they change the time position of the channel interval during the transition from the incoming side to the outgoing side;

- the spatial switching stage establishes the connection of the channel intervals while maintaining their temporary positions when switching from one incoming path from the air-conditioning system to another channel from the air-conditioning system.

The temporary switching stage is implemented directly on the modules themselves in the form of buffer storage devices (memory). In the module of the input-output device (I / O) temporary switching is performed for

subscriber devices (AU) and broadcast, for data transmission channels, buffer memories are located in the CPU module.

Directly in the switching module, a spatial switching scheme is implemented. The spatial switching scheme is implemented on the LSI programmable logic matrix (PLM) type M1556XL8.

The switching field is controlled by the processor by writing control words and a buffer, from where they are read at every moment in time and carry out channel switching.

Thus, the proposed switch structure performs the control functions assigned to it of the DC.

The functioning of the DC.

Up to four networks with different exchange protocols or up to 16 subscriber devices can be connected to a recreation center.

DC performs switching using the pipelined method of processing the packet. When the initial bytes of the packet arrive at any input, the DC scans the first six bytes containing the destination address of the packet. The packet output is determined at the address, and if it is busy, a dynamic communication channel is formed between the input and output of the switch. To determine the output port, the switch builds a filter table.

DK is capable of switching both subscriber devices and networks. If only one address is connected to each input, then such a DC performs dynamic switching of inputs, if several addresses are connected, then such a DC performs network switching.

A recreation center is implemented on a “matrix” switch and a high-speed internal bus and is based on modules using specialized hardware processors (implemented on custom LSIs) that dynamically switch inputs and outputs. To transfer packets between modules, a common high-speed protocol-independent internal bus is used to transfer packets between modules. A high-speed bus serves as the “common denominator” of various protocols. The advantages of this construction are modularity, distributed design, providing fault tolerance and extensibility, high switching speed due to its hardware implementation, ease of integration of various protocols.

The interaction of the functional nodes of the recreation center is based on the functional separation method, which consists in distinguishing those subsystems that are required only for a limited time. These subsystems are connected as necessary to a subscriber device or network.

The basic principle of resource sharing DC built on the classical system of program management and consists of several parts of the following classification:

- call processing - this is the part of the program that directly processes calls and determines the actions that must be performed at all stages of servicing the connection;

- error detection and reconfiguration - this is the part of the program that is designed to detect failures and keep the DC in working condition;

- operational maintenance is that part of the program that allows technical personnel to have access to the data related to subscribers and the distribution of channels, and to carry out their change;

- diagnostics - this is the part of the program that allows technical personnel, using the human-machine communication language, to pass tests to detect devices and typical replacement elements containing faulty elements;

- the operating system is that part of the program that provides the distribution of DC resources in time and memory size between individual programs. This part also includes communication programs with standard peripherals.

The operation of a highly reliable intra-site communications system.

To establish a communication channel for transmitting information between two DC subscribers, the initiator calls the channel assignment service, the duties of which are performed by the leading DC using the station control protocol. After receiving a request to establish a channel, the channel assignment service either satisfies it and indicates the location of the dedicated channel, or rejects it with the reason for the failure. After the channel is established, the DK-indicator calls the requested station by sending a special packet on the common signaling channel (ACS). Having finished the exchange, the DK-indicator provides relevant information to the channel allocation service, which returns the channel to the common channel pool.

In the proposed channel switching mode, the data is transmitted in the format of a cycle created by the leading DC based on internal synchronization. A loop is a transmit sequence repeating 125 μs. Cycles add up to one main cycle, the length of which is fourteen cycles. Depending on the size of the ring, several cycles may circulate in it. The delay in processing the information present in the cycle by one DC is 125 ms, it follows that up to 45 cycles can constantly be present in the network and their number depends on the number of DCs connected to the network.

Thus, the exchange of information in the system occurs in cycles. In each cycle there is a field of packet switching, through this field the operation of the equipment of the emergency videoconferencing and the channel field of the ACS, through which the connection is established, monitored and distributed, are controlled. The exchange of data to establish a connection between two DCs occurs through a dedicated channel.

The exchange of information in the field of packet switching occurs by the method of token access. A recreation center has the right to transmit a frame upon receipt of a special marker frame circulating along the ring of the emergency videoconferencing system in the intervals between the transmission of information. DK having a frame for

transmission, holds the incoming marker and transmits its frame to the outgoing line, after which the marker also transmits.

Upon receipt of a marker, each recreation center has the right to transmit no more than one frame, after which it is obliged to transmit a marker. Each DC analyzes the address information of the frame and, if the address does not match, copies it to the outgoing line. A DC that detects a frame addressed to it copies it to the receive buffer. DK-sender of the packet, having detected the returned frame, removes it from the ring. The functions of the system monitor in the network of emergency VKS equipment are performed by the DC, which is the leading DC.

A DC that is adjacent in the direction of information flow in the equipment network of an emergency VKS performs the functions of a leading DC without network management, i.e. it is a mirror image of the leading DC, therefore, in the event of a failure of the leading DC, the backup DC takes over its functions and a new network initialization is not required, and the next DC in the direction of information movement becomes a mirror image of the new leading DC. In addition, the DC determines errors in the functioning of the network and informs all the other DCs about them in order to restore normal functioning.

A centralized alarm system is used in the network of emergency HVS equipment, which is economically viable with such a number of channels in the communication line. For this, in each cycle a common signaling channel (ACS) is allocated. In the loop, the ACS is located in the “Cycle Header” channels. ACS is used to establish a connection on one or more groups of channels. The centralized signaling system of the ACS provides a high transmission rate of service signals and, as a result, reduces the time it takes to establish the mutual influence of functional and conversational channels, simplifying the hardware of the DC.

For each channel, a meaningful signaling unit (CE) is generated in accordance with CCITT Q.701-Q.714. In the channels of the ACS in the absence of meaningful CE, there are service signal units whose length is two bytes.

The proposed system of a single intra-object highly reliable communication complex based on a dynamic switch allows combining the equipment of various communication systems existing on mobile objects into a single communication complex.

Claims (1)

A system of highly reliable intra-object communication, comprising switching centers (CC), connected in series with each other by fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), to which switches and remotes are connected, a broadcast unit and a subscriber line unit for telephone sets, and other terminal elements, characterized the fact that dynamic switches (DK) are additionally introduced into the system, while the communication network of the intra-ship communication complex (VKS) is made in the form of a ring subsystem with temporary grouping and has the configuration of two unidirectional lines connected in series, forming a double ring, and the switching network elements are dynamic switches located in the network nodes, and DC elements can be both communication networks with various exchange protocols and subscriber devices that perform the functions of terminal devices of the network user, wherein the DC contains optoelectronic and electro-optical converters connected to an information input-output device, which, in turn, through a buffer the register memory is connected in parallel with the device for synchronizing and extracting signals of cyclic and clock synchronization, a central processor module and a switching field module.