RU61851U1 - HEATING DEVICE LUKASHEVA - Google Patents

Abstract

The heating device is designed for heating and hot water supply of low-rise buildings and apartments. The aim of the present invention is to increase reliability, increase thermal power and heat production by improving the design of the heating apparatus. This goal is achieved in that the heating apparatus consists of a rectangular horizontal housing with a water jacket and a rectangular combustion chamber, at the end of which an economizer is installed, which is equipped with a vertical bundle of smoke tubes. A bundle of smoke tubes connects the combustion chamber and the upper rotary chamber, which is equipped with a removable hatch, which is bolted. A removable hatch is designed to clean soot tubes and the upper rotary chamber from soot and aeolian entrainment. The heating apparatus is equipped with a coil for hot water supply, which is located in the economizer's water jacket. One of the advantages of the heating apparatus is that it is equipped with an arched vault and made in the form of a water jacket, which is connected to the water jacket by a horizontal combustion chamber and an economizer water jacket, in addition, the rear end water jacket is connected by the furnace water jacket and the economizer water jacket by through holes, forming a single water circuit of the heating apparatus, which increases the heat transfer surface and increases the efficiency. To increase the removal of heat from flue gases, screen tubes are installed under the arched arch and before entering the bundle of smoke tubes.

To expand the scope of the heating apparatus, it can be equipped with a burner for liquid or gaseous fuels, in addition, it can be equipped with electric heating elements (TENs) built into the rear end water jacket. Another advantage of the heating apparatus is that its design allows you to expand its functional application by replacing the arched vault with one- or two-burner cast-iron stoves and used not only for heating and hot water, but also for cooking, which is especially cost-effective for rural areas. As shown by the practice of operating heating devices, their efficiency reaches 75 ... 78%, and the warranty period is at least 10 years. Currently mass-produced: AOTV-10; 16; 25 and 60 kW. AOTV-80 and 100 kW are being prepared for release.

Description

The alleged invention relates to heating and domestic appliances and water heating devices in low-rise buildings and apartments.

The designs of small-sized boilers are known (the book of the author B. A. Zhuravlev "Handbook of the master - plumber", pp. 187 - 190), designed for a working pressure of up to 0.2 MPa (2 kg / cm) and a temperature of heated water up to 90 ° C designed to work on natural (through the chimney) traction.

The fuel can be screened coals and anthracite, low-ash briquetted fuel, natural gas and household heating oil.

The KCHM-2 hot water boiler in Fig. 14.1 is distinguished by its simplicity of construction and is assembled from cast-iron sections for a specific heat output according to Table 14.1-14.3 on p. 187.

However, along with the advantage of this design, as the practice of operating these boilers shows, they have the following disadvantages:

1) The technological complexity of the manufacture of cast-iron sections, and, consequently, high economic costs;

2) The assembly of cast-iron sections requires a high tightness of the boiler, and failure of one tight connection leads to a stop of the boiler and its complete disassembly, which negatively affects the operation of the boiler in the winter heating period;

3) Compared to the thermal capacity of the boiler, it has a relatively high mass compared to others of the same capacity,

for example, steel water heaters small-sized boilers KB (TC) (Fig. 14.2) on page 190.

However, these boilers do not have convective flame tubes for the removal of flue gases, which reduces their thermal efficiency, because inefficient use of the furnace space.

The existing devices for solid fuel (anthracite, coal, peat, wood) and the scope of their use for domestic purposes is still quite wide.

There are a number of settlements where solid fuel is more affordable than other types of fuel, the efficiency of heating devices using solid fuel does not exceed 65%. For these devices it is impossible to use automatic control and regulation devices for heat production, used for devices operating on gas and liquid fuel.

Devices can practically work on coal (anthracite, brown coal, etc.), peat, peat briquettes and firewood.

Due to significant differences in the calorific value of these fuels (anthracite - 29000 (7000), firewood - up to 14500 (3500) kJ / kg (kcal / kg)) and the inability to dose their needs during operation, there is a large discrepancy in these basic parameters, as thermal power, heat production, efficiency, depending on the fuel used (table. 14.6).

Appliances AOTV-17.5 (table. 14.7) are designed for heating and cooking (Fig. 14.13).

The device AOTV-15 is the most modern domestic heating installation, which provides for the possibility of regulating the access of secondary air to the combustion zone.

The closest to the claimed invention by technical essence is the AOTV-17.5 heating apparatus, containing 1-grate, 2 - doors, 3 - gas duct, 4 - hot water outlet, 5 - gas outlet pipe, 6 - burner, 7 - water inlet ( heating), 8 - an ash pan.

According to the totality of the declared features, the heating apparatus AOZHV-20 (2107) of the Dnepropetrovsk plant (EZGA) (Fig. 14.1), containing 1 - a metering device, 2 - a burner casing, 3 - an evaporative burner, 4 - a water inlet pipe, is also close to the technical essence. 5 - a heat exchanger (water jacket), 6 - a coil for hot water supply, 7 - gas pipes, 8 - a hot water outlet pipe, 9 - a chimney pipe, 10 - an inspection window, 11 - a burner ignition pipe, 12 - a fuel supply tee.

The advantage of these heating devices is the relative simplicity of the design.

However, the device AOZHV-20 has the advantage that it has wider functional capabilities, namely: it contains a coil for hot water supply and vertically mounted gas pipes, which allows you to effectively select the heat of the exhaust gases and transfer it to the water jacket and coil for hot water supply , therefore, this unit is selected by technical essence as the closest prototype.

In addition to the advantages of this design of the heating apparatus, there are also disadvantages in that it can only work on liquid fuel, which narrows the scope of its application in settlements where there is solid fuel.

In addition, all household appliances that run on liquid fuel are distributed centrally and are purchased by the population through a distribution network.

There is no centralized maintenance and repair system. Installation of heating devices should be carried out in accordance with the rules of the State Supervision.

The aim of the present invention is to increase reliability, increase thermal power and heat production by improving the design of the heating apparatus.

This goal is achieved in that the heating apparatus consists of a rectangular horizontal housing with a water jacket (heat exchanger) and a rectangular combustion chamber, at the end of which an economizer is installed vertically, which is equipped with a vertical bundle of smoke tubes.

The smoke tube bundle is fixed to the lower tube plate and the upper tube plate.

A bundle of smoke pipes connects the combustion chamber and the upper rotary chamber, which is equipped with a flue pipe, in addition, the rotary chamber is equipped with a removable hatch and bolted. A removable hatch is designed to clean soot tubes and the upper rotary chamber from soot and aeolian entrainment.

The heating apparatus is also equipped with a water supply pipe, a water outlet pipe and two hot water pipes (inlet and outlet). Domestic hot water coil for hot water supply, which is located in a vertically installed economizer. To determine the temperature of the water in the heating device, it is equipped with a thermometer, which is installed on the front side of the economizer in the upper part.

In front of the heating apparatus, the furnace and ash pan doors are equipped with hinges. They are intended for loading fuel into the heating apparatus and cleaning the ash pan from the ash accumulating in it. All boiler elements are made of carbon steel of ordinary quality of grades VStZps5 and VStZsp5 in accordance with GOST 380-71, from electric-welded pipes B10 and B20 in accordance with GOST 10704-76 and GOST 10705-80 or seamless pipes of the same grades in accordance with GOST 8732-87.

To increase the heat output and heat output, the heating device is equipped with an arched arch and made in the form of a water jacket, which is connected to the water jacket by a horizontal combustion chamber and an economizer water jacket, in addition, the rear end water jacket is connected to the water jacket of the combustion chamber

and the economizer’s water jacket through the through holes, forming a single water circuit of the heating apparatus, which increases the heat exchange surface and increases the efficiency.

In addition, to increase heat removal during fuel combustion, under the arched arch, screen tubes are installed that are connected to the vertical walls of the water jacket of the combustion chamber, in addition, the same screen tubes are installed at an angle in front of the entrance to the bundle of smoke tubes and are also connected to the vertical walls of the water combustion chamber shirts. In addition, to improve the circulation of water in the screen tubes, they are installed with an inclination to the vertical walls of the water jacket of the horizontal combustion chamber.

To expand the scope of application of the heating device Lukadpeva, it can be equipped with a burner device for liquid or gaseous fuel. The burner is mounted instead of the firebox door.

In addition, the heating apparatus provides for the possibility of installing electric heating elements (heating elements), which increases the efficiency of the heating apparatus in the absence of, for example, solid fuel: firewood, coal, peat, etc.

Another advantage of the heating apparatus is that its design allows you to expand its functional application by replacing the arch vault with one- or two-burner cast-iron stoves and used not only for heating and hot water, but also for cooking, which is especially cost-effective for rural areas, where solid fuel is mainly used - firewood and coal.

As the practice of operating Lukashev’s heating devices has shown, their efficiency reaches 75 ... 78%, and the warranty period is at least 10 years.

Heating devices are available in various thermal capacities from 10 to 100 kW with a specific designation of its thermal power:

AOTV-10; 16; 25; 35; 60; 80 and 100 kW. Currently mass-produced: AOTV-10; 16; 25; 35 and 60 kW.

The essence of this technical solution lies in the fact that

- The heating apparatus consists of a rectangular horizontal case with a water jacket and a rectangular combustion chamber, at the end of which an economizer is installed vertically, which is equipped with a vertical bundle of smoke tubes. A bundle of smoke tubes connects the combustion chamber and the upper rotary chamber, which is equipped with a flue pipe, in addition, the rotary chamber is equipped with a removable hatch and bolted. In addition, the heating apparatus is equipped with a coil for hot water supply (DHW), which is located in the economizer by winding a DHW pipe around a bundle of smoke tubes;

- The heating device is equipped with an arched arch and is made in the form of a water jacket, which is connected to the water jacket by a horizontal combustion chamber and an economizer water jacket, in addition, the rear end water jacket is connected to the water jacket of the combustion chamber and an economizer water jacket through through holes, forming a single water circuit;

- The heating device is equipped with screen tubes that are installed under the arched arch and before entering the bundle of smoke tubes and are connected to the vertical walls of the water jacket of the combustion chamber, in addition, to improve the circulation of water in the screen tubes they are installed with an inclination to the vertical walls of the horizontal furnace water jacket cameras.

Thus, the combination of the location of a horizontal combustion chamber with a vertically located economizer and the use of screen tubes in the combustion chamber made it possible to solve a difficult technical problem by improving the design, ease of manufacture and operation, and the formation of a single water circuit gave

the ability to increase the heat transfer surface and increase heat production and efficiency.

The design feature of the heating apparatus also lies in the fact that, with minor changes in the dimensions of the combustion chamber and economizer, the apparatus is less metal-intensive in comparison with analogs, and its dimensions differ slightly, for example, AOTV-16 differs from AOTV-10 by 10 ... 15%.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the apparatus of the heating Lukashev.

The heating apparatus consists of a rectangular horizontal housing 1 with a water jacket 2 and a rectangular combustion chamber 3, at the end of which an economizer 4 is vertically mounted, which is equipped with a vertical bundle of smoke tubes 5. A smoke bundle 5 is fixed to the lower tube plate 6 and the upper tube plate 7.

A bundle of smoke pipes 5 connects the combustion chamber 3 and the upper rotary chamber 8, which is equipped with a flue pipe 9, in addition, the rotary chamber 8 is equipped with a removable hatch 10 and is fixed with bolts 11.

The heating apparatus is also equipped with a water supply pipe 12, a water outlet pipe 13 and two pipes for the inlet 14 and the outlet 15 for hot water supply.

The heating device is equipped with a thermometer 16 and is installed on the front side of the economizer.

In the front part 1 of the heating apparatus, a door 17 of the furnace 3 and an door 18 of the ash pan 19 are installed.

The heating apparatus is equipped with an arched arch 20, made in the form of a water jacket 21, which is connected to the water jacket 2 of the horizontal combustion chamber 3 and the water jacket 22 of the economizer 4, in addition, the rear end water jacket 23 is connected to the water jacket 2 of the combustion chamber 3 and the water jacket 22 economizer 4 through holes, respectively, 24 and 25.

The hole 24 can be used to install electric heating elements (heating elements), and the flange hermetically seals the inlet pipe of the heating elements outside by means of gaskets and bolted joints (not shown conventionally in figure 1).

Screen tubes 26 are installed under the arch vault 20, and the same screen tubes 27 are installed at an angle in front of the entrance of the smoke tubes 5. The screen tubes 26 and 27 are connected to the vertical walls 28 and 29 of the water jacket 2 of the combustion chamber 3. In addition, to improve water circulation in the screen tubes 26 and 27 they are installed with an inclination to the vertical walls 28 and 29 of the water jacket 2 of the combustion chamber 3. The combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a grate 30. The heating apparatus can be equipped with supports 31. The heating apparatus (Fig. 1) works as follows m When burning fuel in the combustion chamber 3, flue gases are formed having a high temperature. The hot flue gases in the combustion chamber 3 give their heat to the water jacket 2, the water jacket 21 of the arched vault 20, the screen tubes 26 and 27, the end water jacket 23 and further, passing through the bundle of smoke tubes 5, give the heat to the water jacket 22 of the economizer 4 onwards having passed the upper rotary chamber 8, from where they are discharged into the chimney through the pipe 9.

The hatch 10, located in the upper part of the rotary chamber 8 above the exit of the bundle of flame tubes 5 of the economizer 4, provides access to the space of the upper rotary chamber 8 for cleaning it and the flame tubes 5 of soot and ash that accumulates during operation of the heating apparatus.

As the accumulation of combustion products (ash) in the ashpit 19, they are periodically removed.

The optimum temperature regime of water for heat supply: supply - 95 ° C, return - 40 ° C; for hot water supply: feed - 85 ° C, return - 20 ° C.

Claims (3)

1. A heating apparatus, comprising a rectangular horizontal case with a water jacket and a rectangular combustion chamber, at the end of which an economizer is installed vertically, which is equipped with a vertical bundle of smoke tubes that is fixed to the lower tube plate and the upper tube plate, in addition, a bundle of smoke tubes connects the combustion chamber and the upper rotary chamber, which is equipped with a flue pipe, in addition, the rotary chamber is equipped with a removable hatch, which is bolted, in addition, the heating device equipped with a coil for hot water supply (DHW), which is located in the water jacket of the economizer by winding a DHW pipe around a bundle of smoke tubes. 2. The heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an arched arch and is made in the form of a water jacket, which is connected to the water jacket by a horizontal combustion chamber and an economizer water jacket, in addition, the rear end water jacket is connected by the water jacket of the combustion chamber and the water jacket economizer through holes, forming a single water circuit. 3. The heating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with screen tubes that are installed under the arched arch and at an angle in front of the entrance to the bundle of smoke tubes and connected to the vertical walls of the water jacket of the combustion chamber, in addition to improve the circulation of water in screen tubes they are installed with an inclination to the vertical walls of the water jacket of the horizontal combustion chamber.