RU2859593C1 - Fire train with self-contained fire module of container type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a fire train. The train includes at least one locomotive and a railway platform with fire extinguishing means installed on it, wherein the fire train contains, as the fire extinguishing means installed on the railway platform, a self-contained fire module based on two cargo containers joined together by their ends, in the roof of the first of which a manhole is made for access to a water tank located in it, at least one combined fire extinguishing device is installed on its roof, and inside it there are a pumping unit, a water tank and water and foam concentrate mixing devices, inside the second container there are foam concentrate tanks, an electric generator and cabinets with fire-fighting equipment and supplies, wherein the containers joined by their ends are equipped with a common internal heating and power supply system, and the combined fire extinguishing devices, the pumping unit, the water tank, the water and foam concentrate mixing device and the foam concentrate tanks are hydraulically interconnected via a common system of pipelines with shut-off and control valves and connecting fittings located inside the containers, and nozzles with drains for draining liquids from the pipelines.

EFFECT: increased fire extinguishing efficiency and emergency response efficiency in the rapid containment and extinguishing of large fires and emergency response on railways.

10 cl, 19 dwg

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to fire-fighting equipment for a fire train, and can be used to extinguish fires, conduct emergency rescue operations on railway rolling stock and at stationary railway transport facilities, in eliminating the consequences of emergency situations with rolling railway trains transporting hazardous goods of hazard classes III-IV, in extinguishing fires and conducting emergency rescue operations at facilities not related to railway transport, but located near railways within the tactical and technical capabilities of the proposed fire-fighting equipment, in particular when conducting emergency rescue operations in areas of natural and man-made emergencies.

State of the art

Hazardous goods (fire-, explosive- and chemical-hazardous substances) are transported mainly by freight rolling stock of railway transport: in tank cars and freight cars [S.I. Borovik, M.N. Borovik, E.V. Demchenkov, D.A. Reznicenko. Features of fire extinguishing and accident response in railway transport. Chelyabinsk, SUSU Publishing Center. 2017, pp. 27-32].

Fires on railway transport are particularly complex in terms of organizing the actions of fire departments, due to the delay in introducing fire extinguishing agents until the physical and chemical properties of the cargo are determined and the contact network is disconnected.

During a fire, the rate of fire spread along a rolling stock averages 1.4 m/min. The fire spreads within 20 minutes. Within 30-40 minutes, the car floor burns through. The fire growth rate in the first 10 minutes reaches 3.1 and 4 m²/min, respectively, and in the following 10-50 minutes, 7 and 8 m²/min.

Explosions of rail tank cars carrying petroleum products typically occur 16-24 minutes after exposure to an open flame. The flame plume can reach a height of up to 50 meters. An explosion of a single rail tank car can spread the fire to over 1,500 square ^meters . Exposure to open flame and high temperatures on rail tank cars carrying flammable and combustible liquids leads to flashover of the oily layer on their surface. Leaks and faulty shutoff valves on tank cars carrying flammable liquids and liquefied petroleum gases lead to flashover of liquid vapor above the tank necks, as well as flashover of gases above the overflow valves.

The most rapid spread of fire occurs when flammable liquids (FL) and combustible liquids (CL) spill from railway tank cars as a result of accidents, collisions or train derailments.

Statistics of fires on railway tank cars with flammable and combustible liquids show that the area of a liquid spill from one tank car is 800-1400 m2 depending on the condition and type of soil, weather conditions and terrain, as a result of which the area of the fire can reach 10,000-35,000 ^m2 .

The fire from the spilled oil product spreads not only to nearby trains, but also to neighboring warehouses, industrial buildings, and in some cases to buildings in the urban area.

If spilled product enters storm drains or gutters, the fire may spread to objects located up to 1 km from the scene of the incident.

Particularly complex and dangerous are accidents involving vehicles carrying liquefied petroleum gases (LPG).

When a railway tank car carrying liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) explodes, a flame is ejected to a height of 120-150 meters, followed by a blazing fire reaching up to 50 meters. Fragments from the exploding tank cars are scattered up to 150 meters, and in some cases up to 450 meters. Sometimes, the explosion tears the tank car off the platform and throws it up to 80 meters. This can lead to new fires and the re-ignition of the spilled flammable liquids.

Stationary rail transport facilities pose a significantly lower risk than rolling stock. Fires and accidents at these facilities are less difficult to extinguish and are fundamentally no different from fires in administrative, industrial, and warehouse buildings located within populated areas.

However, during fires at station facilities, damage to tanks and containers containing toxic gases and liquids located at the station or passing through the station is also possible, which leads to gas contamination of the area and complicates combat operations until the fires are extinguished and necessitates the evacuation of the population from areas adjacent to the scene of the incident.

On electrified road sections, exposure to open flames causes the electrical contact wires to break within 8-10 minutes.

Fires in passenger cars pose the greatest danger to passengers. Flames spread in passenger cars at a rate of 5 m/min along the corridor and 2.5 m/min within the compartment. Within 15-20 minutes, the entire car is completely engulfed in flames. The temperature inside the car rises to 850°C, and the flame temperature reaches over 1000°C.

The required time for evacuation of passengers is 1.5-2 minutes before the main exits are blocked.

The heat flux density at a distance of 9-10 m reaches 10 kW/ ^m2 , which leads to the ignition of rolling stock and the combustion of solid flammable materials in gondola cars and on platforms located on adjacent tracks.

Fire extinguishing in rolling stock is usually complicated by:

high fire load, explosion, fire and chemical hazard of transported large-tonnage cargo;

accumulation of a large number of rolling stock with various cargoes on railway tracks;

rapid spread of fire inside freight cars and the spread of fire to adjacent cars, tanks, buildings and structures;

spills of flammable, combustible, poisonous and toxic liquids from tanks, creating gas-polluted zones in the surrounding area;

the presence of a threat to people in burning and neighboring cars, production personnel and the population, the emergence of panic;

the presence of a large number of tracks and the constant movement of trains and locomotives along them;

limited access and approaches to burning rolling stock and the difficulty of laying hose lines;

absence or remoteness of water sources;

air shock wave of explosions, the resulting cloud of fuel-air mixtures of LPG and flammable liquids, the mechanical impact of tank fragments formed during the explosion [Krupenin, S.S. Development of a system and organization of work to ensure fire safety in railway transport / S.S. Krupenin, K.B. Kuznetsov // Science and Technology of Transport. - 2004. - No. 4. - P. 16-29. 1].

In this regard, the development of effective fire-fighting equipment for railway transport is extremely important.

The history of the emergence and development of fire trains in Russia began in 1921, when, in accordance with a Decree of the Council of Labor and Defense, fire trains were organized on the railways within seven districts of the RSFSR, each encompassing five to six provinces. They were deployed in Moscow, Bologoye, Vologda, Smolensk, Kursk, Samara, and Yekaterinburg. These trains were equipped with steam pumps and the necessary firefighting equipment and tools.

From this moment on, the era of fire trains in railway transport began. For example, as early as 1927, the Murmansk Railway (now the Oktyabrskaya Railway) issued an order enacting the Regulations on Fire Trains.

These regulations contained a design for a fire train based on an American railcar. The list of items, equipment, accessories, and materials for this type of fire train included a steam engine or motor pump, two water tanks with a total capacity of 1,500 buckets, 1,000 meters of fire hoses, and other fire-fighting equipment.

Experience shows that the most complex and dangerous accidents are those involving fire, as the elimination of the consequences of an accident is associated, first and foremost, with the need to extinguish the fire.

Only after the fire has been extinguished can full-scale work be carried out to eliminate its consequences and restore traffic in the damaged area.

A study of numerous cases of accidents involving fires has shown that the fire worsens the emergency situation, and if effective firefighting measures are not taken, the fire's progression creates conditions in which the size and consequences of the accident significantly increase.

The importance of fire trains equipped with effective fire-fighting equipment is confirmed by the large volume of hazardous cargo transported daily and continuously by rail both within the Russian Federation and to countries bordering Russia (Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc.).

It is important to remember that railway lines pass not only through populated areas, but also through forested, marshy and mountainous areas, where road transport is difficult and sometimes impossible to navigate.

Fire departments of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia are located primarily in large population centers. Their range is limited by the availability of well-maintained highways and unpaved roads. In winter, they are limited by the availability of snow removal equipment.

Unlike road transport, fire trains can travel freely along railway tracks during fires and other emergencies, regardless of the terrain they traverse. And to combat snowdrifts, rail transport is equipped with specialized snow removal equipment.

Maintaining fire trains in constant combat readiness is an integral part of railway safety.

Therefore, even now, in the current period of structural reforms in railway transport, in particular the transformation of the structure of the Departmental Security Directorate of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, the issue of preserving fire trains, increasing their tactical and technical capabilities and combat readiness remains extremely relevant [Order of JSC Russian Railways dated 28.12.2010 No. 2754r. Regulation "Operation and Maintenance of Fire Trains in JSC Russian Railways"].

The LRZ NT fire and rescue train of the Swiss railway companies is known for work in tunnels, consisting of two sections - a fire extinguishing section and a section for the evacuation of people, the first section includes a car with fire extinguishing equipment and a tank car, the second section includes two rescue cars. The first section has three fire-fighting systems: a water system with water supply to the fire monitor nozzle on the roof; a foam system with foam supply through hoses to the nozzle on the roof and a foam system with foam supply through hoses under pressure to a manual fire nozzle; monitor fire nozzles or hydraulic monitors are installed at both ends of the fire-fighting section; to coordinate rescue actions in poor visibility conditions, the train has at least one thermal imaging camera mounted in the head of the train, which can be moved some distance from the train using an extended cable; Each train car has the ability to move independently using autonomous traction (“Fire and rescue train for work in tunnels of transalpine communications”, Railways of the World, 2007, No. 2, pp. 47-49).

The disadvantages of the LRZ NT fire and rescue train are:

the presence of only one tank car in a train can provide fire extinguishing only for a short time (no more than 10 minutes) and in limited spaces, for example in tunnels, industrial premises and is not effective in extinguishing fires in large open spaces, for example forest fires, ignition of flammable materials that require the supply of large volumes of water and other extinguishing materials;

When extinguishing a fire using monitor nozzles in the lead car, dangerous situations may arise for the train's service personnel.

A fire train for fighting fires is known, which includes a car with fire extinguishing equipment and fire personnel, on the roof of which there is a hatch, at least one vertical sliding lifting device on which a liquid spraying device is located; pumps (motor pumps) and pipelines for supplying liquid from a water source to the liquid spraying device, a diesel electric generator with fuel tanks and an isolated safe room for accommodating fire personnel and electronic equipment; the liquid spraying device contains a rotating water cannon controlled by a firefighter; the water source is a railway tank car or a natural reservoir; the car with the equipment is directly connected to a locomotive or to a tank car (US patent application No. 2010/0083868, class B61D 15/00, B05B 9/00, published 08.04 2010).

The disadvantages of the fire train according to US No. 2010/0083868 are:

The location of the hatch for installing a rotating cannon on the roof of a wagon with equipment in the area where firefighting personnel and electronic equipment are working significantly reduces its protection from smoke and combustion elements and the safety of firefighting personnel, and also reduces the usable area of the wagon with equipment;

the need for firefighting personnel to be at the rotating cannon in an area of high temperature and smoke, which worsens the conditions and reduces the safety of their work;

The lack of equipment for prompt and effective fire extinguishing in tunnels and industrial premises, as well as at large distances from the source of the fire, reduces the effectiveness of the fire train.

A fire-fighting train pumping station is known, comprising a railcar with a base mounted on bogies with wheels and couplings, pumps, and pipelines for delivering fluid from at least one tank car to a liquid spraying device with a rotating water cannon, an isolated safe room for firefighting personnel and electronic equipment, a foam container, equipment for quickly extinguishing large fires, boiler rooms, and a sanitary and hygienic unit. An entrance door is located on each side wall of the car. A liquid spraying device with a rotating water cannon is mounted on the tank car on the side of the fire, with manual or remote control of the fire-fighting process from the pump car's operational control station or using hand-held fire nozzles. A diesel generator, fuel tanks, and racks for fire-fighting equipment are located under the floor of the pump car. The invention increases the efficiency of the pumping station car and improves the safety of the service personnel [RU 2012110014/11 B61D 15/00, published 10.07.2013, Bulletin No. 19].

The disadvantages of the fire train pumping station car according to RU 2012110014 are limited functionality, relatively short range and power of the fire extinguishing agent jet, as well as insignificant water reserves, which limit the ability to extinguish large-scale fires.

A fire train is known that includes at least one locomotive, a car with fire extinguishing equipment and fire personnel, with motor pumps and pipelines for delivering liquid from at least one liquid tank car to at least one device for extinguishing the fire and spraying the liquid using a rotating water cannon. The car with the equipment contains an electric generator and an isolated safe room for accommodating the fire personnel and electronic equipment, which, in order to increase safety and improve the working conditions of the fire personnel and to increase the efficiency of using the fire train, is additionally equipped with a platform for extinguishing fires in tunnels, industrial premises and at large distances from the source of the fire, containing a radio-controlled fire robot with a descent to the ground with a controlled movement drive for delivering water over large distances, a foam fire extinguishing module for promptly extinguishing the fire, a container for the foam concentrate, a container with fire equipment and a floodlight mounted on a telescopic support with the ability to rotate 360°; a device for extinguishing a fire and spraying liquid using a rotating water cannon is installed on the upper surface of a tank car with controlled drives for rotating the rotating cannon in horizontal and vertical planes; the car with the equipment is additionally equipped with a tank with a foam concentrate and an isolated safe room with equipment for automatic or remote control of the rotating water cannon, external video cameras with video recording and output to a monitor, racks for small fire-fighting tools are installed at the end of the car with the equipment [RU 2454341, B61D 15/00, published 27.06.2012 Bulletin No. 18].

The closest in technical essence and achievable technical result (prototype) is a fire train with an autonomous fire module of a container type, previously developed by the co-applicant LLC Scientific Production Association "Modern Fire Technologies", which includes at least one locomotive, at least one tank with fire extinguishing liquid (water) and a railway platform with a fire extinguishing means in the form of an autonomous fire module installed on a railway platform based on a 40-foot container for cargo transportation with side external doors and end lifting gates,

on the roof of which at least one water-foam fire extinguishing device is installed with the possibility of manual and/or remote control of rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of forming and jointly supplying under pressure contacting jets of air-mechanical hybrid foam with an expansion ratio of 25-50 and low-expansion air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 5-10 with the possibility of obtaining a single jet of combined hybrid foam with an expansion ratio of 30 + 10 of increased power and range,

and inside which are located

a pump with a diesel or electric motor with the possibility of manual and/or remote control,

at least one container for foaming agent,

device for mixing water with a foaming agent,

at least one device for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels with the ability to move inside the container and rotate the reels with fire hoses towards the required door or gate of the container,

with a system of suction and pressure pipelines for fire extinguishing liquid with shut-off and control and connecting fittings and a water drainage device with a shutter and means for quick-release connection/disconnection of water supply hoses from water tank cars or external water sources, designed with the possibility of hydraulic communication with water sources, a pump, a device for mixing water with a foaming agent and connection pipes for water-foam fire extinguishing devices and fire hoses [RU 2804551, A62C 27/00, B61D 15/00, B65D 8812 Published 02.10.2023 Bulletin No. 28 (prototype)].

In this case, the autonomous fire module of the container type in the fire train according to RU 2804551 (prototype) contains:

two water-foam fire extinguishing devices located on the roof of the container and connected to pressure pipelines with the ability to pressurize the supply of multidirectional or co-directional (unidirectional) jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam of increased power and range under a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa, at a distance of up to 100-140 m with a flow rate of an aqueous foam solution from 30 to 333 l/s, with a foam capacity of 30 ± 10 to 540,000 l/min;

video surveillance equipment and a remote control system for the operation of the pump and water-foam fire extinguishing devices, designed with the possibility of manual control or remote control via radio signals and/or the Internet,

a power supply and lighting system using batteries and/or an autonomous electric generator with manual and/or remote control,

ventilation and cooling system with manual and/or remote control,

an additional container connected to it by communication, control and power supply lines, installed on the same or another platform with the possibility of placing in it personnel workstations, a video surveillance and remote control console, storage areas for personal protective equipment and first aid, manual fire extinguishing equipment and auxiliary and manual fire-fighting equipment and inventory, refrigeration and/or ventilation units and an electric generator.

As a container for cargo transportation, the autonomous fire module in the fire train according to RU 2804551 (prototype) contains a 40-foot container for cargo transportation of class ISO or a container of type 1AA (1A) according to GOST R53350-2009, the internal walls of which are thermally insulated with a layer of mineral wool and covered with metal panels, cabinets for placing standard fire-fighting equipment and inventory are installed inside the container, and on the roof of the container there are external lighting floodlights with manual and remote control.

The device for mixing water with a foaming agent in an autonomous fire module according to RU 2804551 (prototype) is designed with the ability to prepare a 3-6% aqueous solution of foaming agent and supply it to pressure pipelines.

In this case, the autonomous fire module in the fire train according to RU 2804551 (prototype):

manufactured with the ability to connect and use additional fire extinguishing equipment in the form of additional fire modules and/or robotic devices with auxiliary gas, aerosol, powder and/or solid foam fire extinguishing devices based on structured silica particles with the ability to jointly operate, control and use them during emergency rescue operations and fire extinguishing,

contains an additional container connected to it by communication, control and power supply lines, installed on the same or another platform with the ability to accommodate in it personnel workstations, a video surveillance and remote control console, storage areas for personal protective equipment and emergency medical care, manual fire extinguishing equipment and auxiliary and manual fire-fighting equipment and inventory, refrigeration and/or ventilation units and an electric generator.

manufactured with the possibility of transportation by transporting standard cargo containers.

The main technical shortcomings of the fire train according to RU 2804551 (prototype) with an autonomous fire module in its composition are the absence of a water tank inside the container and the placement of part of the suction and pressure pipelines for water and aqueous solutions of foam concentrate outside on the outer walls of the container, which makes its use problematic at low ambient temperatures, in particular in winter conditions in the central and northern regions of Russia.

The common technical shortcomings of the known analogues and the prototype are limited functionality, a relatively small range and power of the fire extinguishing agent jets, as well as insignificant water reserves, which limit the ability to extinguish large-scale fires on railway rolling stock and at stationary railway transport facilities, when eliminating the consequences of emergency situations with rolling stock transporting hazardous goods of III-IV hazard classes, when extinguishing fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations at facilities not related to railway transport, but located near railways, in particular when carrying out emergency rescue operations in areas of natural and man-made emergencies.

Problem and technical result

Conventional fire extinguishing systems typically generate and deliver only individual jets of water, sprayed water, or foam to specific, pinpoint locations within a fire. This is effective for extinguishing small fires in low-rise residential and industrial buildings in urban and rural areas, as well as small forest, road, and other landscape fires. This prevents the controlled, rapid, and uniform coverage of large-scale fires with foam from a distance, which, in turn, significantly reduces the effectiveness and speed of extinguishing large fires.

It is known that when extinguishing large-scale emergency transport and emergency industrial fires, controlled, rapid and uniform coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with fire extinguishing agents is required, preferably water-air (air-mechanical) foam of medium expansion with an expansion factor of 30 + 10 from the most remote positions.

The technical problem (inventive task) that the claimed invention is aimed at solving is the need to prevent fires and explosions, reduce the intensity of combustion and extinguish fires, and then stop them by quickly forming and distributing water-air (air-mechanical) foam with a multiplicity of 30±10 over large areas of fire involving flammable liquids and solid flammable materials, where the prevention of fires and extinguishing fires requires prompt coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with a fire extinguishing agent, as well as cooling and/or fire protection of machinery, equipment, flammable and explosive materials, buildings and structures.

The technical result achieved through the implementation and use of the invention is an increase in the efficiency of fire extinguishing and accident response during the prompt containment and extinguishing of major fires and the elimination of accidents on railways, as well as at stationary railway transport facilities remote from railway tracks, during emergency rescue operations and the elimination of the consequences of accidents and emergency situations of natural and man-made origin on railways and at facilities, enterprises and organizations not related to railway transport, but located within the tactical and technical capabilities of the fire-fighting equipment of a fire train.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The stated problem is solved and the technical result is achieved by the fact that a fire train, including at least one locomotive and a railway platform with a fire extinguishing device installed on it, according to the invention

as a fire extinguishing device installed on a railway platform, the fire train contains an autonomous fire module based on 40-foot and 20-foot ISO class cargo containers connected with open ends, the internal walls of which are thermally insulated with a layer of mineral wool and lined with metal panels,

in the roof of the first of which there is a hatch for access to a water tank installed in it, on its roof there is installed at least one combined fire extinguishing device, and inside it there is a pump unit, a water tank and a device for mixing water with a foaming agent,

inside the second container there are containers for foam concentrate, an electric generator and cabinets with fire-fighting equipment and inventory,

wherein the containers, connected at their ends with the walls removed at the connection point, are equipped with a common internal heating and power supply system, and the combined fire extinguishing devices, pump unit, water tank, device for mixing water with a foaming agent and tanks with a foaming agent are hydraulically connected to each other by means of a common pipeline system located inside the containers with shut-off and control and connecting fittings and pipes with taps for draining liquids from the pipelines.

In this case, the water tank installed in the first container is made in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tank made of reinforced fiberglass, rigidly fixed in the container by means of a steel structure and fastening belts that prevent its movement during the movements and movement of the train, contains in the upper part a neck for servicing the tank from the inside, located under a hatch in the roof of the first container, and in the water tank there are water heating means, water level and pressure sensors, an air valve and a valve for relieving excess pressure

The fire train contains unified communication lines, remote control of power supply and video surveillance, external lighting floodlights with manual and remote control are installed on the roof of the containers,

and an autonomous container-type fire module as part of a train

contains systems for monitoring and controlling the operation of equipment, heating, lighting, ventilation and fire alarm systems,

manufactured with the possibility of transportation by freight transport and with the possibility of installation on a railway platform, a motor vehicle, on a specialized or non-specialized vessel, a ship, a drilling platform, a tug, a ferry and other floating craft, a tracked vehicle, on an unequipped coast and ice, on the berth wall of a naval base or port, on sea vessels and offshore platforms for the production of hydrocarbons and offshore coastal facilities, and

Contains a pump with a diesel or electric engine, an electric generator with a diesel engine and dry powder fire extinguishing modules.

This combination of general and particular essential features of the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and accident response when using the proposed fire train with an autonomous container-type fire module in the prompt explosion and fire prevention, containment and extinguishing of major fires and accidents on railways, as well as at stationary railway transport facilities remote from railway tracks, during emergency rescue operations and the elimination of the consequences of accidents and emergency situations of natural and man-made nature on railways and at facilities, enterprises and organizations not related to railway transport, but located within the tactical and technical capabilities of the fire train fire-fighting equipment, which has been practically proven during full-scale tests of a pilot industrial model of a fire train in the equipment and freight transportation system of co-applicant Gazpromtrans LLC.

Brief description of the drawings

The technical essence and design features of the proposed invention are illustrated by drawings and photographs, in which individual elements, parts and units of the proposed invention are shown by position numbers, indicating their possible advantageous, but not obligatory implementation: 1-40-foot first container for cargo transportation (APMKT-1); 2-20-foot second container for cargo transportation (APMKT-2); 3, 4 - combined fire extinguishing units of the "PURGA" type with remote control and with the possibility of forming a supply of air-mechanical foam or sprayed water under pressure; 5 - a hatch on the roof of the container for access to a water tank located inside the container; 6 - spotlights; 7 - a muffler of the diesel pump unit engine; 8 railings on the roof of the containers; 9 - a power supply connection panel; 10 - an on/off panel for heating elements (TENs) in a water tank located inside the container; 11 - water supply branch shield;

Fig. 1 shows a photograph of the general appearance of the proposed Autonomous Fire Module of Container Type (AFCMCT).

Fig. 2 and 11 show photographs of its component modules (APMKT-1 and APMKT-2) in the form of containers for cargo transportation, mated with each other at the ends, with the walls removed at the place where they join.

In Fig. 3 and 4 - photos of the first container (APMKT-1) installed on the roof, inside which a pumping unit of the combined fire extinguishing installations UKTP "PURGA" 100 and UKTP "PURGA" 40 with remote control is installed with the possibility of remotely controlled rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of forming and delivering jets of air-mechanical foam under pressure with a multiplicity of 20-40 at a distance of up to 100-120 m.

Fig. 5 - photo of the access hatch inside the water tank on the roof of the first container (APMKT-1).

Fig. 6 shows a photo of a spotlight.

Fig. 7 shows a photo of a pumping unit in the form of a diesel pump installation with pipelines for supplying water to the pump and pressure pipelines for supplying water or an aqueous solution of foaming agent to the monitor nozzles.

Fig. 8 - photo of ejector devices for mixing water with a foaming agent

Fig. 9 and 10 show photos of a water tank with options for its end and longitudinal fastening with belts, preventing it from being moved and the module from moving when the train is moving.

Fig. 11 - photo of APMKT-2 with electric generator and foam concentrate tanks inside.

Fig. 12 - photo of a diesel-powered electric generator inside the APMKT-2.

Fig. 13 - photo of APMKT powder fire extinguishing modules attached to the ceiling.

Fig. 14 shows a photo of tanks with foaming agent.

Fig. 15 - photo of control panels.

Fig. 16 - photo of a pump for pumping foaming agent.

Fig. 17 is a photo of a powder fire extinguishing module.

Fig. 18 and 19 are drawings of the side view and top view of the proposed autonomous fire module of the container type (AFCMCT).

Implementation of the invention

The characteristic distinctive features and capabilities of the proposed fire train with an autonomous fire module of a container type (AFCMCT) are:

the ability to function in both summer and winter periods of the year at temperatures from +50 to -40 °C;

the ability of the AMPCT as part of a fire train to immediately start working and provide the supply of pressurized jets of combined air-mechanical foam with a multiplicity of 20-40 with an increased, experimentally proven range of jets up to 100-140 m and a practically proven increase of two to three times in the extinguishing speed compared to traditional and known means of fighting large-scale fires of flammable liquids (FL), combustible liquids (CL) and liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG);

the possibility of simultaneous use of several water-foam fire extinguishing devices with manual and remote control with the possibility of controlled rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of forming and delivering under pressure several multidirectional or co-directional jets of combined air-mechanical foam, allowing for the effective extinguishing of various types of fires of various flammable and explosive and fire hazardous materials;

the ability to connect fire extinguishing equipment to a tank car or to several tank cars with water as part of a fire train or to external water sources in combination with a large supply of foam concentrate, ensuring the ability to extinguish large fires and accidents over large areas within the standard extinguishing time;

the possibility of connecting stations, station-based and other facilities to the power grid, consuming electricity from them or supplying electricity to them,

the presence of video surveillance and remote control of the operation of a centrifugal pump, water-foam fire extinguishing devices and a water mixing device, designed with the ability to be controlled via radio signals and/or the Internet,

the presence of an autonomous power supply and heating system.

The design features and practical implementation of the autonomous fire module (AFMM) as part of a fire train are shown in detail in the drawings.

The autonomous fire module of the container type, hereinafter referred to as "AFMCT", used as part of a fire train, is manufactured with the possibility of installation on a railway platform, with the possibility of transporting its component modules by any transport designed for the transportation of cargo containers.

The APMKT in the design variant shown in the drawings is equipped with combined fire extinguishing units (CFEU) "PURGA" 100, "PURGA" 40 manufactured by the co-applicant LLC NPO "Modern Fire Technologies" and is intended for:

ensuring the process of fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing fires of various materials,

participation in the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations at facilities, enterprises and organizations of the fuel and energy complex (FEC);

conducting emergency rescue operations in areas of natural and man-made emergencies.

The presence of a powerful pump in the APMKT ensures the intake and delivery of water and air-mechanical foam to the fire site, and also makes it possible to use the APMKT for pumping water during spring floods, floods, accidents and other natural disasters, as well as for carrying out work to localize and extinguish fires in rural areas, forests and agricultural lands.

The APMKT is a complex product of the manufacturer (Fig. 1, 18 and 19), consisting of two modules, APMKT-1 and APMKT-2, mated with each other in the form of containers connected to each other at the ends for cargo transportation according to the ISO standard, in the side walls of which there are doors for the entry/exit of personnel.

The APMKT-1 module is manufactured on the basis of a 40-foot (40ft) container with monitor nozzles on the roof in the form of combined fire extinguishing installations UKTP "PURGA" 100 (Fig. 3) and UKTA "PURGA" 40 (Fig. 4), and the APMKT-2 module is based on a 20-foot (20ft) container (Fig. 11) with the possibility of using them in a coupled form after installation on a railway platform as part of a fire train.

The interior of the APMKT is equipped with an automatic powder fire extinguishing system for internal combustion engines (ICE) and diesel power plants (DPP, for example, the Buran type.

The APMKT-1 module with the UKTP "PURGA" 100 and UKTP "PURGA" 40 is designed for the use and transportation of fire extinguishing agents and fire-fighting equipment during fire extinguishing operations, prevention of the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations, as well as for carrying out emergency rescue operations related to fire extinguishing.

The APMKT-1 module is manufactured on the basis of a 40-foot container with the possibility of its use and transportation on a railway platform, as well as on any type of transport, including sea.

The APMKT-1 module provides for the optimal placement of an autonomous pumping station with a diesel engine, which supplies water or an aqueous solution of foam concentrate to the monitor nozzles installed on the roof of the APMKT-1 in the form of a combined fire extinguishing installation UKTP "Purga" with remote control.

On the roof of the first container of the APMKT-1 module, there is a hatch for access to the inside of the water tank installed inside this container, and an LED searchlight is also installed, for example, the H400 120LED type.

Structurally, the composition of the APMKT-1 module (Fig. 2) includes:

standard 40-foot shipping container container,

combined fire extinguishing unit UKTP "PURGA" 100 (Fig. 3),

combined fire extinguishing system UKTP "PURGA" 40 (Fig. 4),

diesel pump unit, for example type DNU720/120 (Fig. 7).

a reinforced fiberglass horizontally located cylindrical water tank V = 20 ^m3 (Fig. 9,10) with a neck for servicing the tank at the top.

The UKTP "PURGA" 100 and UKTP "PURGA" 40 (Fig. 3 and 4) are operational when using all types of domestic and foreign foaming agents with a concentration of 3 to 6% to obtain low- and medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, as well as medium-expansion hybrid foam.

The APMKT-1 and APMKT-2 modules are equipped with unified heating, power supply and lighting systems, control, an autonomous foam mixing system, and a fire alarm system.

The pump is equipped with two ejector foam mixers as foam mixing devices, designed for the preparation of a 3% or 6% aqueous solution of foaming agent and designed for the simultaneous and separate operation of the Purga 100 and Purga 40 UKTP monitor nozzles with a total capacity of 140 l/s.

When using the Purga 100 UKTP with a capacity of 100 l/s and the Purga 40 UKTP or only the Purga 100 UKTP, both foam mixers must be in operation, and when using only the Purga 40 UKTP with a capacity of 40 l/s, it is sufficient to turn on one of the two.

The autonomous foam mixing system supplies the UKTP with a 3-6% aqueous solution of a general-purpose or special-purpose foaming agent, such as a general-purpose foaming agent such as the PO-6CT type. The appearance of the foam mixers is shown in Fig. 8.

The water tank installed inside the APMT-1 module is a horizontally positioned cylindrical tank made of fiberglass with a diameter of 2000 mm and a volume of 20 ^m³ . It is rigidly secured to the module by a steel structure and fastening straps, preventing movement during the module's movements. Straps are attached to the ends of the tank and along the top opening for servicing the tank from the inside.

Inside the water tank there are heating elements (tubular electric heaters) for heating the water in the tank in winter, water level and pressure sensors are installed to control the water level in the tank, an air valve and a valve for releasing/relieving excess pressure are installed.

Powder fire extinguishing modules installed inside the APMKT compartments on the ceiling of the containers, for example, the “Buran-2.5-2S” type (Fig. 18), are switched on either by a command from devices with sensors, or in self-start mode, for example, when the temperature rises in the area where the self-start units are located.

The second module of the container-type autonomous fire module (APMKT-2, Fig. 11), manufactured on the basis of a standard 20-foot container, is designed to accommodate tanks with foam concentrate, cabinets for fire-fighting equipment, weapons and inventory, and to provide power supply for the APMKT as a whole.

The APMKT-2 module provides storage and supply of foaming agent to foam mixers on a pumping unit located inside the APMKT-1 module (Figs. 7 and 8).

The containers in each module, both in APMKT-1 and APMKT-2, are thermally insulated with reinforced panels of non-combustible filler (mineral wool) and equipped with a heating system, which allows maintaining the temperature inside the APMKT modules at no lower than +15°C at an outside air temperature of -30 to -40°C.

Structurally, the composition of the APMKT-2 module (Fig. 11) includes:

20-foot (20ft) shipping container,

an electric generator, for example in the form of a diesel generator set MMZ MDG2016 complete with an ATS (Fig. 12).

containers for foaming agent with a volume of V = 1.5 ^m3 with level sensors with a means for filling the containers in the form of an impeller pump (Fig. 16), used for pumping in viscous foaming agent with possible air and solid particle content,

cabinets for storing fire hoses, fire-fighting equipment (FTE) and inventory,

control panels and panels for managing the operation of equipment.

The APMKT can be equipped with a separate heating system, lighting system, control system, autonomous foam mixing system and fire alarm system.

The characteristic distinctive features and capabilities of the proposed autonomous fire module of container type (AFCM) are:

the ability of an autonomous fire module to immediately start working and provide the supply of pressurized jets of combined air-mechanical foam with an expansion rate of 20-40 with an increased, experimentally proven jet range of up to 140 m and a practically proven increase in the extinguishing speed by two to three times compared to traditional and known means of fighting large-scale fires of flammable liquids (FL), combustible liquids (CL) and liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG);

the ability to simultaneously use several manual and remote controlled water-foam fire extinguishing devices with the ability to control rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the ability to deliver multiple jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam under pressure, allowing for the effective extinguishing of various types of fires and flammable materials over large areas;

the presence of video surveillance and remote control of the operation of a centrifugal pump, water-foam fire extinguishing devices and a water mixing device, designed with the ability to be controlled via radio signals and/or the Internet,

the presence of an autonomous power supply and heating system.

The design features and practical implementation of the proposed container-type autonomous fire module as part of a fire train are shown in detail in the drawings.

On the upper surface of the APMKT, at least several remotely controlled water-foam fire extinguishing devices communicating with the pressure pipeline may also be additionally installed, with the possibility of controlled rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of forming and delivering jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam under pressure.

The safety of service personnel on the roof of containers can be ensured by folding railings (8), and the ability for personnel to climb onto the roof of the container is ensured by ladders along the ends of the containers.

The autonomous fire module is designed with the ability to supply water or a water-foam solution to third-party manual and robotic installations of various modifications and designs with water solution flow rates from 5 to 200 l/s and a foam solution or medium-expansion foam capacity from 21,000 to 360,000 l/min.

The remote-controlled combined fire extinguishing system UKTP "PURGA" provides a range of delivery under pressure of a jet of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 30±10 up to 100-140 m.

The applicants manufactured and successfully tested on Russian Railways a pilot industrial prototype of the proposed fire train with a detailed description of the container-type autonomous fire module.

Operation of individual equipment units is carried out in the usual manner in accordance with the operating instructions for the relevant equipment and systems by specially trained personnel.

Known and applied devices, equipment, control and remote control systems, video surveillance, power supply and lighting systems in fire-fighting equipment can be used as individual mechanisms, units and systems in an autonomous fire module.

A characteristic feature of the invention is the ability to generate and deliver, under pressure, several jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam, which make it possible to effectively extinguish various types of fires and flammable materials from a distance of up to 120 m for the rapid containment and extinguishing of major fires and accidents on railways along the route and in tunnels, as well as at stationary facilities remote from railways and highways, to carry out emergency rescue operations and eliminate the consequences of emergency situations and natural and man-made emergencies at various facilities located within the tactical and technical capabilities of fire-fighting equipment.

In addition, various additional fire extinguishing means in the form of manual, mobile and portable fire extinguishing equipment and auxiliary and manual fire equipment can be connected and used in the fire extinguishing process by means of fire hoses and the corresponding pipelines and nozzles for their connection.

It is known that foam is the most effective and widely used fire extinguishing agent, representing a dispersed system consisting of cells - air (gas) bubbles, separated by films of liquid containing a foaming agent [GOST R 50588-2012. Foaming agents for fire extinguishing. General technical requirements and testing methods].

The main physical and chemical properties of foam are:

multiplicity - the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of foaming agent solution contained in the foam;

dispersion - the degree of grinding of bubbles (size of bubbles);

viscosity - the ability of foam to spread over a surface;

durability - the ability of foam to resist the process of destruction [ibid.].

Depending on the multiplicity value (K), foams are divided into four groups:

foam emulsions, K < 3;

low-expansion foams, 3 < K < 20;

medium expansion foams, 20 < K < 200;

high expansion foam, K> 200.

The dispersion of foam is inversely proportional to the average diameter of bubbles.

It's well known that the higher the dispersion, the greater the foam's durability and fire extinguishing effectiveness. The degree of foam dispersion largely depends on the conditions under which it was produced, including the characteristics of the equipment. The expansion ratio and dispersion of the foam determine its insulating capacity and flowability.

The following fire extinguishing properties are distinguished for foam:

insulating action - preventing the entry of flammable vapors, gases or air into the combustion zone, causing the cessation of combustion;

cooling effect - caused by the presence of a significant amount of liquid in the predominantly low expansion foam.

The cooling effect of the foam is due to the water released from the foam.

The insulating effect is due to the formation of a foam layer, which prevents oxygen from reaching the fire zone, including:

separation effect, which consists of isolating the liquid from the vapor phase;

displacement effect, which causes the isolation of a combustible substance from the air;

a blocking effect in which the foam prevents the evaporation of the flammable liquid.

Low expansion foams (3 < K < 20) Due to the significantly larger amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit a cooling fire extinguishing effect, caused by the cooling effect of the foam itself and the water released from the foam.

Medium expansion foams (20 < K < 200) Due to the small amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit an isolating fire extinguishing effect, caused by the creation of an oxygen-depleted and water-vapor-saturated atmosphere above the combustion zone, which helps to slow down and completely stop the combustion.

Moreover, due to the greater amount of water present in low expansion foam and the correspondingly greater density (weight per unit volume), low expansion foams can be delivered from greater distances compared to medium expansion foams, which significantly impacts the safety of firefighting personnel in large-scale and explosive accidents involving liquefied gases.

A distinctive feature of the proposed technical solutions is the possibility of obtaining and using combined air-mechanical foam based on synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents with an expansion factor of 20 to 40.

In the applicant's laboratory, it was experimentally established and theoretically substantiated that combined water-air foam with an expansion ratio of 20 to 40, obtained on specially modernized equipment, differs significantly in its structure, viscosity, dispersion, rheological, thixotropic and other properties significant for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing from the known properties of low- and medium-expansion foams based on hydrocarbon and fluorine-containing foaming agents.

It was found that as a result of turbulent shock-free mixing of low-expansion foam bubbles and medium-expansion foam bubbles in a hybrid foam, average-sized foam bubbles are formed, which are larger than low-expansion foam bubbles, but with thicker Plato-Gibbs water-containing channels compared to medium-expansion foams.

As experimentally established, the structure of hybrid foam with an expansion of 20 to 40, with water-air bubbles unique in their structure and fire-extinguishing properties, allows not only to better contain the high temperature of the flame without significant destruction of the volume of the hybrid foam itself, that is, to more effectively isolate the fire surface, but also to deliver jets of hybrid foam over significantly greater distances compared to jets of medium-expansion foam or combined jets of low-expansion and medium-expansion foam.

It has also been experimentally established that when combined hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 is applied to the surface of a spill of liquefied natural or hydrocarbon gas, a synergistic effect is produced due to the simultaneous action of several factors - cooling, dilution of the atmosphere with water vapor in the zone of evaporation and combustion of gas, thermal insulation, and a sharp decrease in the concentration of gas and vapors of flammable liquids above the foam layer in the combustion zone, right up to a decrease in the rate of chemical reaction and a subsequent decrease in flame temperature to the extinction temperature.

This is due to the average dispersion and thickening of the water-containing Gibbs-Plato channels of hybrid foam compared to low- and medium-expansion foams or compared to foam in combined low- and medium-expansion foam jets.

Full-scale fire tests of the applicant's modernized devices for producing combined hybrid foam, the applicant's modernized nozzles and foam generators used in the proposed autonomous fire module, demonstrated high efficiency in preventing fires and explosions and extinguishing combustion of both flammable and combustible liquids, and spills of liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases.

The applicant conducted full-scale fire tests at a testing ground, where, using the modernized combined fire extinguishing systems "PURGA" developed by the applicant, effective extinguishing of a layer of hydrocarbon fuel over an area of 1250 ^m2 was ensured.

Test results have shown that the modernized "PURGA" systems developed by the applicants, used for fire suppression, provide a gentle and smooth delivery of hybrid foam to the fuel surface at increased distances of up to 140 meters without harshly affecting the fire area. This means that the foam layer does not mix with the top layer of fuel.

The multiplicity of hybrid foam obtained on the modernized PURGA installations developed by the applicant ranged from 20 to 40 or 30±10.

A Russian-made, environmentally friendly synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, type PO-6TS, was used. The resulting combined hybrid foam had a delivery range of up to 140 m.

Full-scale fire tests of the modernized Purga systems developed by the applicants have shown that the combined hybrid foam has a significantly softer effect on the combustion surface and greater fire extinguishing efficiency compared to foams from equipment that deliver low- and medium-expansion foams separately or compared to combined low- and medium-expansion foams.

Authoritative specialists from international organizations present at the tests concluded that the hybrid foam equipment manufactured by the applicant, NPO SOPOT LLC, could be an effective option for using fluorine-free foaming agents and foams.

The specificity of the problem solved by the invention is that, in all other variants of using air-mechanical and even chemical foams for the purpose of extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (FL) and combustible liquids (CL) and/or even protecting them from ignition, a very significant role, and in extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (CL) even a dominant role, is played by the process of cooling the surface of the burning liquid from its boiling temperature, to which its surface is heated already in the first 3-5 minutes of the fire, to a lower temperature (for the option of extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (CL), in general to a temperature below the flash point.

When extinguishing a fire involving flammable liquids (FL), the temperature of the surface layer of the liquid is reduced to a temperature below its boiling point.

In all cases, the rate of evaporation of flammable and combustible liquids decreases, and the vapor pressure of the burning liquid under the foam layer and its partial pressure are reduced. The mechanical insulating effect of the foam layer then completes the process of isolating the burning liquid and its vapors from the combustion zone and flame zone, and the combustion of flammable and combustible liquids ceases. This is how flammable and combustible liquid fires are extinguished.

Thus, the fire extinguishing devices used in the proposed container-type autonomous fire module with the ability to form and deliver jets of combined hybrid air-mechanical foam under pressure provide a significant increase in the efficiency of fire extinguishing various large-scale fires.

Therefore, all general and specific features reflected in the invention formula are essential and are in a causal relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the invention.

The capabilities of liquidation of emergency spills, fire and explosion prevention, containment and extinguishing of fires of spills of flammable liquids (FL) and combustible liquids (CL), as well as liquefied natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas using combined water-air hybrid foam with an expansion ratio of 20 to 40 have been determined experimentally and practically tested during full-scale fire tests.

Full-scale field tests have demonstrated a reliable solution to the current problem and the achievement of the required technical result, namely, the implementation of the present invention allows for an increase in the effectiveness of fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing of large-scale emergency transport and emergency industrial fires by increasing the range, uniformity and softer distribution of combined water-air hybrid foam over the fire area, increasing the safety of the fire extinguishing process and fire and explosion prevention at particularly fire and explosion hazardous facilities and in the elimination of technological and transport accidents by preventing fires, explosions, reducing the intensity of combustion and extinguishing fires in the energy, transport, gas production, gas processing and chemical industries.

Individual parts and components of the equipment of the claimed invention can be manufactured from materials commonly used in fire-fighting equipment, using conventional equipment and conventional technologies.

A detailed description of the design and operating features of the system proves the industrial applicability of the proposed fire train with the proposed autonomous fire module.

Taking into account the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution to the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proven in the section “Prior Art” and “Disclosure of the Essence of the Invention”, the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the invention proven in the section “Implementation of the Invention”, the solution to the inventive problem and the confident achievement of the required technical result during the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, the claimed invention satisfies all the requirements of protectability imposed on inventions.

The analysis also shows that all general and specific features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also make it possible to implement the invention industrially.

Claims (14)

1. A fire train comprising at least one locomotive and a railway platform with a fire extinguishing device installed thereon, characterized in that as a fire extinguishing device installed on a railway platform, the fire train contains an autonomous fire module based on two cargo containers connected to each other at the ends, in the roof of the first of which there is a hatch for access to a water tank located in it, on its roof there is installed at least one combined fire extinguishing device, and inside it there is a pump unit, a water tank and a device for mixing water with a foaming agent, inside the second container there are containers for foam concentrate, an electric generator and cabinets with fire-fighting equipment and inventory, wherein the containers connected at their ends are equipped with a common internal heating and power supply system, and the combined fire extinguishing devices, pump unit, water tank, device for mixing water with a foaming agent and tanks with a foaming agent are hydraulically connected to each other by means of a common pipeline system located inside the containers with shut-off and control and connecting fittings and pipes with taps for draining liquids from the pipelines. 2. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the autonomous container-type fire module is manufactured on the basis of 40-foot and 20-foot ISO class cargo containers connected with open ends, the internal walls of which are heat-insulated and lined with metal panels. 3. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the water tank installed in the first container is made in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical tank made of reinforced fiberglass, rigidly secured by means of a steel structure and fastening belts that prevent it from moving during the movements and motion of the train, and contains a neck in the upper part for servicing the tank from the inside, located under a hatch in the roof of the first container. 4. A fire train according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the water tank is equipped with water heating devices, water level and pressure sensors, an air valve, and a valve for releasing excess pressure. 5. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it contains communication lines for remote control of the power supply and video surveillance. 6. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the autonomous container-type fire module contains unified systems for monitoring and controlling the operation of heating, lighting, ventilation, and fire alarm equipment. 7. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the autonomous container-type fire module is manufactured with the possibility of transportation by freight transport and with the possibility of installation on a railway platform, a motor vehicle, a vessel, a ship, a drilling platform, a tug, a ferry, a floating craft, a tracked vehicle, on an unequipped coast and ice, on the berth wall of a naval base or port, on sea vessels and offshore platforms for the production of hydrocarbons and offshore coastal facilities. 8. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the autonomous container-type fire module contains a pump with a diesel engine and an electric generator with a diesel engine. 9. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the autonomous container-type fire module contains powder fire extinguishing modules. 10. A fire train according to paragraph 1, characterized in that external lighting floodlights with manual and remote control are installed on the roof of the autonomous container-type fire module.