RU2821557C1 - Cadaver head fixation device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical equipment. Cadaver head fixation device includes a housing, two brackets located at distance of 90 mm from the housing corners, a handle attached to the housing by supports, and angles. Brackets have holes with diameter of 13 mm, in which bolts with nuts are installed, lower and upper parts of brackets are bent at angle of 120°. Some fixing ends of the bolts are cone-shaped to fix the cadaver head by temporal or parietal regions of the skull. Other ends of the bolts are provided with screw-in holders, and the angles are placed at the corners of the housing on the outer side and have nuts and holes with diameter of 6 mm for fixing the neuronavigation system.

EFFECT: creation of simple in design and efficient in operation device for fixation of cadaver head.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine, namely to devices that fix body parts, for example skull clamps; structural elements of fixators, for example pins to support devices, devices for supporting patients.

This device is intended for immobilization of cadaver heads in laboratory conditions, when studying the anatomy of the brain by neurosurgeons to update the knowledge acquired in theoretical classes.

Studying the anatomy of the human brain and its surrounding structures using cadaveric material makes it possible to understand the anatomical features and pathological processes of this unique organ. Working in realistic conditions and the opportunity to practice on models that are close to real patients allows future surgeons to develop their skills and technical proficiency, leading to improved surgical outcomes and, as a result, more effective care for neurosurgical patients.

An important aspect of this training is to prevent errors, reduce the risk of complications and improve patient safety. Thanks to practical training on cadaveric materials, future neurosurgeons can perform complex operations in practice with more confidence and competence. Overall, this teaching technique plays an important role in developing the skills and knowledge of future neurosurgeons, as well as the advancement of medical science and practice in general.

When manipulating cadaveric heads, it is important that the head is firmly and stably fixed, even with strong impacts. We developed a cadaver head fixation device to expand the range of devices used for working with cadaveric material.

From the existing level of technology, a multifunctional neurosurgical system for fixation of the skull and retraction of brain tissue Mayfield is known, consisting of an attachment to the operating table, a connecting device, an articulated stand, a frame for acute fixation of the patient’s head, a horseshoe-shaped soft headrest, auxiliary devices, two half-rings, two vertical posts and adapter for neuronavigation. The frame for acute fixation of the patient's head consists of two halves with three or four sharp fixators. Auxiliary devices include supports for the surgeon's hands, stands for padded jackets, and devices for retractors. Two half-rings are installed on the frame, hingedly connected to each other and are intended for fixing auxiliary devices. Two vertical stands and an adapter for neuronavigation are fixed to the frame. Moreover, instead of a frame for acute fixation of the head, a horseshoe-shaped head holder with a soft horseshoe-shaped pillow, consisting of two halves, which can be moved or moved apart, can be installed in the articulated stand for optimal positioning of patients with different head sizes. If an operating table is available, the cadaver head can be fixed using a Mayfield clamp in a laboratory setting.

A disadvantage of the known neurosurgical head fixation system is the inability to use the device in a laboratory setting without an operating table. The Mayfield shackle requires the use of additional studs which require constant replacement. There are no replaceable mechanisms in our product.

The Job integration neurosurgical system (variants) is known, including a load-bearing system for fixing the patient’s head and a device for rigidly fixing the patient’s head, wherein the load-bearing system is made in the form of one clamp with one fixation point with a fixing bolt, equipped with a U-shaped bracket, contains a connecting device, including a rectangular horizontal rail, cylindrical pins and a rail with holes for fixing cylindrical pins, providing reliable fixation of the neurosurgical system to the operating table with the possibility of installing a clamp; in addition, the supporting system contains a hinged stand with a vertical rod and a ball joint, on which a fixing unit for fixation of a device for rigid fixation of the patient's head, having a groove with a seat and fixing bolts, while the device for rigid fixation of the patient's head contains a C-shaped frame and sharp screw clamps with mobile rods and clamps, while the possibility is provided for rigid fixation of the patient's head for installing holders for sharp screw clamps, and they can be installed on a C-shaped frame, including perpendicular to the skull bone due to the movement of mobile rods, and alternate tightening of the sharp screw clamps ensures rigid fixation of the patient’s head in the position required by the surgeon, Moreover, on the C-shaped frame, with the help of load-bearing clamps and plates, arcs are installed at its edges to separate the edges of the skin wound; in addition, the device for rigid fixation of the patient’s head contains a retractor system with a movably connected vertical plate, a horizontal plate and a fixation unit and contains an adapter for neuronavigation, oriented to the clamps of mobile rods; in addition, the device for rigid fixation of the patient’s head contains supports for the surgeon’s hands (see. patent for invention No. 2 773 202, IPC A61B 90/14, A61G 13/12, published 05/31/2022)

The disadvantage is the high cost and the inability to use it in a laboratory without an operating table.

Well-known foreign analogues, which are a head frame that is attached to the patient's head with fixing rifles (pins) partially immersed in the skull, an arc mechanism for setting coordinate influences and a locator frame and adapters for precise placement using a relative simulator and visualization system:

- Mayfield system of skull fixation and brain tissue retraction (RU FSZ 2009/05925);

- DORO head fixation system (RU FSZ 2010/06010).

These systems are used for skull preservation and tissue retraction during open and percutaneous craniotomy. The disadvantage of the known devices is their high cost and heavy weight, as well as the inability to use them without an operating table in a laboratory setting.

The closest to the claimed technical solution in terms of the set of essential features is the Neuro head device with a 6-pin head for stable fixation of cadaver heads, consisting of a base, a support, fastening to the operating table and a head retainer with 6 bolts. The base of the device is attached to the operating table using pins on both sides. The body of the device consists of two parts connected to each other to adjust the height (https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/6-pin-head-neuro-attachment-20722008397.html?pos=1&enqformpdp=1)

The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- fixation of the device requires special holes on laboratory tables;

- the clamp has six fastening bolts that are fixed on the occipital part of the head of the corpse, preventing surgical manipulations on the occipital part of the head;

- the device is heavy and contributes to the unstable position of the corpse’s head. The device is not intended to fix individual heads and only works when a torso is present.

The device we developed for fixing the cadaver head uses two bolts, 12 mm in diameter, for fastening to the temporal and parietal parts of the head, which allows surgical manipulations using the entire head, and the device itself is relatively light (the head of a corpse weighs 5-6 kg, and the device – 1 kg), which ensures stable fixation and ease of use; The device is intended for use in laboratory conditions without additional attachment to the table.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution is the creation of a device for fixing the cadaver head that is simple in design and effective in operation.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is a device for fixing a cadaver head, including a body, two brackets located at a distance of 90 mm from the corners of the body, a handle attached to the body with supports, and corners where the brackets have holes with a diameter of 13 mm in which bolts and nuts are installed , the lower and upper parts of the brackets are bent at an angle of 120°, some of the fixing ends of the bolts have a cone-shaped shape for fixing the cadaver head by the temporal or parietal areas of the skull, the other ends of the bolts are equipped with holders for screwing in, and the corners are located at the corners of the body from the outside and have nuts and holes with a diameter of 6 mm for fixing the neuronavigation system. The inner ends of the bolts have a smooth surface.

The bolts intended for fastening the cadaver head are screwed into the temporal region of the skull with a threaded connection, which allows surgical manipulations to be carried out on the entire surface of the head and stable fixation of the cadaver head. The small dimensions of the device is also an advantage over analogues.

The sides of the square case measure 16 cm on all sides and a height of 5 cm. The device is small-sized and convenient to use in laboratory conditions.

An analysis of known technical solutions, carried out according to scientific, technical and patent documentation, showed that the set of essential features of the proposed technical solution is not known from the prior art, therefore, it meets the conditions of patentability “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings:

fig. 1 – device for fixing the cadaver head, general view;

fig. 2 – side view.

The positions on the figures indicate: 1 - body, 2 - bracket, 3 - support, 4 - handle, 5 - corners, 6 - M6-6H nut, 7 - M12-6H nut, 8 - 2.M8-6gx25 screw, 9 - bolt M12×1.5×80.

The device for fixing the cadaver head contains a housing (1) and, located at a distance of 90 mm from the corners of the housing, brackets (2), the upper and lower parts of which are bent at an angle of 120°, have holes with a diameter of 13 mm, intended for installing M12- nuts 6H (7), and M12×1.5×80 bolts (9), which perform the function of fixing the cadaver head. On the front side of the housing there is a handle (4), connected to the housing by supports (3) using 2.M8-6gx25 screws (8). At the corners of the case, on the outer side, there are square corners (5), dimensions 40 mm x 40 mm, with holes with a diameter of 6 mm, where M6-6H nuts (6) are installed to fix the elements of the neuronavigation system.

Next, the applicant provides an example of the implementation of the claimed technical solution.

This device is mounted on the working surface of a laboratory bench. The next step is to place the occipital region of the corpse in the area where the square body is attached. Two screws, located according to the drawing on opposite sides of the body, can be used for fixation on both sides either at the temples, or two screws will ensure fixation of the parietal region. Thus, the head remains motionless inside the device body, which allows for dissection. If the use of a neuronavigation system is required, an element of this system is attached to the corner of the frame in an area with a hole diameter of 6 mm. If necessary, the necessary surgical instruments can be located on the handle of the device.

The claimed technical solution meets the requirement of industrial applicability and can be manufactured on standard equipment using modern materials and technologies.

Claims (2)

1. A device for fixing a cadaver head, including a body, two brackets located at a distance of 90 mm from the corners of the body, a handle attached to the body with supports, and corners, characterized in that the brackets have holes with a diameter of 13 mm in which bolts and nuts are installed , the lower and upper parts of the brackets are bent at an angle of 120°, some of the fixing ends of the bolts have a cone-shaped shape for fixing the cadaver head by the temporal or parietal areas of the skull, the other ends of the bolts are equipped with holders for screwing in, and the corners are placed at the corners of the body on the outside and have nuts and holes with a diameter of 6 mm for fixing the neuronavigation system. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner ends of the bolts have a smooth surface.