RU2800216C2 - Switching device in electrical installations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: switching device in electrical installations, namely the 3D switch, is designed to make and break currents, including short-circuit currents. The device has at least three outputs in one pole for connecting different circuits, one arc chute, one drive. The main contacts of the arcing breaks are connected in a star pattern. The rays of the star contain the leads of the device, forming a 3D switch.

EFFECT: it is possible to switch currents between three terminals, which makes it possible to obtain a new structure of the electrical installation with a new mutual arrangement of the nodes of the electrical installation.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

1. Description

1.1. The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and is intended for use in power supply circuits or systems for electrical networks and distribution of electrical energy.

1.2. State of the art

Electrical installations include electrical substations, distribution points, power stations, etc.

The main electrical connection diagram of the electrical installation should ensure the required reliability of the operation of each electrical installation separately and the adjacent electrical network, the convenience and safety of operation, determined by the simplicity and clarity of the circuits, as well as the possibility of minimizing switching operations in both primary and secondary circuits, flexibility, which consists in the ability to adapt when changing the operating mode of the power facility, including during scheduled and emergency repairs, reconstruction, expansion and testing.

Switching devices are designed for connecting elements of the electrical network (transformers, autotransformers, reactors, capacitor banks, etc.), as well as for connecting power lines to them.

In electrical networks of 35 kV and above, the main switching device is a switch. The switch is an analogue of the claimed invention, has a purpose coinciding with the purpose of the invention, is known

from information that became publicly available in the world before the priority date of the invention. Switches differ from load switches in that the latter belong to a special group of devices that are designed to make and break normal mode currents, but are not designed to switch short-circuit currents.

Switches are used to turn on and off the currents flowing in normal and emergency modes of operation of the electrical network. The most severe operating conditions of the circuit breaker occur when short-circuit currents are switched off.

Circuit breakers are classified according to the method of extinguishing the arc, design, voltage class, installation method, etc. [GOST R 52565-2006 "AC switches for voltage 3 - 750 kV. General technical conditions "].

A general description of the switches is given, for example, in [L.D. Rozhkova, V.S. Kazulin. Electrical equipment of stations and substations. Third edition, revised and enlarged. Energoatomizdat, 1987, _S. 299-347].

A common property of switches, as switching devices, is the switching of the electric current of the circuit, that is, the current flowing between the two terminals of the switch. Based on this, the main electrical connection diagrams used in practice have been developed and unified [National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 59279-2020. Schematic diagrams of electrical switchgears from 35 to 750 kV. Standard solutions. Recommendations for use].

Examples of the design of existing column switches are shown in the drawing (Fig. 1). The switches shown have:

- arc chutes 1 (one or more),

- columns of support insulators 2,

- support structure 3,

- drive cabinets 4;

- switch terminals 5.

For different types of circuit breakers, a similar technique is known: the sequential switching on of two or more arc chutes. It can also be seen in the drawing (Fig. 1).

In [L.D. Rozhkova, V.S. Kazulin. Electrical equipment of stations and substations. Third edition, revised and enlarged. Energoatomizdat, 1987, p. 312] describes the design of the VMT-220 circuit breaker: one pole of the circuit breaker structurally consists of two oil-filled columns (containing arc chutes), each of which is similar to the same column used in the design of the VMT-110 circuit breaker. Due to the serial connection of two chambers 1 in the off position of the switch, an insulating distance is provided in the conductive circuit from one output of the switch 5 to the second, which is energized. Due to the dimensions of the support insulators 2, the insulating distance "phase - ground" is provided. Support structure 3 is used to install the circuit breaker. Drive 4 switches - for making operations on / off.

Serial connection of arcing devices is used in the design of switches such as VVB-110 and VVBK-1150, VNV-220 and VNV-1150 [L.D. Rozhkova, V.S. Kazulin. Electrical equipment of stations and substations. Third edition, revised and enlarged. Energoatomizdat, 1987, p. 312, 321, 327], as well as VGT-1A1-220 and VGT-220 [Operation manuals for these switches].

Thus, the series connection of two or more arc chutes is used for any design of circuit breakers. And it is fixed, among other things, in [GOST R 52565-2006 "AC switches for voltage 3 - 750 kV. General technical conditions”, paragraphs. A.2.11, A.2.24, A.2.34, A.2.35]. For example, the definition of "module" refers to the series connection of several parts of the circuit breaker on appropriate insulation to earth, which form the pole or pole element of the circuit breaker.

A system is a set of elements interconnected by links. Thus, the switching device as an element is an element of the electrical installation, and the electrical installation is a system. One of the most important characteristics of any system is its structure.

Topology, as is known, describes properties that remain unchanged under continuous deformations, for example, connectivity. Topological equivalenting is a technique that allows you to describe different devices, circuits through their structure.

The number of pins for an element of the system means the number of its connections with other elements of the system. A different number of pins means that the elements are not equivalent to each other, and this is an extremely important difference.

Since the switch is one of the main components of the electrical installation, its location in relation to the neighboring nodes of the electrical installation and its electrical connection with these nodes are inevitably taken into account by a specialist when creating (development) the main circuits of electrical installations. For example, all switches (prototype) have two outputs at the pole, that is, two conductors of the external circuit are connected to one switch.

The technology of using a switch as an element of an electrical installation is that all its outputs are connected to other elements, which means that switches with two outputs dictate a certain structure of electrical circuits.

1.3. Disclosure of invention

The technical problem that the invention solves is changing the properties of electrical installations, for example, increasing the reliability and flexibility of the main circuits of electrical connections of electrical installations. The problem is solved due to the fact that as part of the electrical installation, namely the switchgear, distribution point, etc., it is proposed to use high-voltage switches that switch currents in phase, at least between three high-voltage terminals of the switch.

A switch switching three branches will be conditionally called a 3D switch.

Signs of a switch, as an analogue of the invention, according to [GOST R 52565-2006 "AC switches for a voltage of 3 - 750 kV. General specifications"]:

- the presence of one or more, connected in series , arc chutes 1, in which the current is extinguished;

- the presence of two conclusions 5 at each pole, between which the circuit current is switched;

- the presence of at least one drive 4.

The technical result lies in the fact that the claimed device switches currents between three terminals, which makes it possible to obtain a new structure of the electrical installation with a new mutual arrangement of the nodes of the electrical installation, which include switching devices and connections.

Switching of currents between terminals means that at least one arc chute must occur on the path of currents between any two terminals. This is where star topology comes in. The characteristics of the chambers will be determined by the distribution of voltages over the chambers during switching.

Taking as a prototype the design of a switch with two breaks per pole, with two arc chutes 1, it is possible to imagine a switching device - a 3D switch containing three arc chutes 1, and capable of switching currents between all terminals 5. In this case, a phase voltage will be applied to each pair of terminals of the pole of the 3D switch, which makes it possible to make chambers 1 for reduced voltage. The schematic representation of the switch design and the electrical equivalent circuit of the 3D switch are also shown in the drawing (Fig. 2).

The disclosure is made on the example of a switch containing three arc chutes, but another design of a 3D switch can be imagined. When installing two chambers 1 and connecting them according to the incomplete star scheme, the effect of breaking the currents between the three terminals 5 is also achieved, but each of the chambers 1 must already be made at full voltage. And, finally, a design with a common arc chute 1 is possible, but also with three leads 5.

Thus, the key feature of the proposed device, in contrast to the prototype, is that it switches currents , including short circuit currents, in phase between at least three high-voltage terminals 5 of the switch. This feature is essential, since it affects the possibility of solving the technical problem indicated by the applicant and obtaining the technical result provided by the invention, that is, they are in a causal relationship.

The technology of use does not allow to apply the invention in the existing field of application [National standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 59279-2020. Schematic diagrams of electrical switchgears from 35 to 750 kV. Standard solutions. Recommendations for use].

In this case, a new electrical device with new properties is created, which has a new scope, namely, electrical connection diagrams with a different structure.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 - Examples of existing column circuit breakers with one and two arc chutes per pole - prototypes. The figure shows the designs of power switches - prototypes.

Fig. 2 - Column 3D switch. The design of the device and its electrical equivalent circuit. The figure shows a conditionally structural image of the structure and the electrical equivalent circuit of the device.

Implementation of the invention

The invention can be implemented in the design and construction of electrical installations.

Claims (1)

A switching device in electrical installations, namely a 3D switch designed to turn on and off currents, including short-circuit currents, which has at least three outputs in one pole for connecting different circuits, one arc chute, one drive, characterized in that the main contacts of the arcing breaks are connected according to the star scheme, the rays of which contain the device leads, forming a 3D switch.