RU2779054C1 - Carrier panel with built-in photoelectric module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric power generation devices.

SUBSTANCE: carrier panel with built-in photovoltaic module refers to electric power generation devices using photovoltaic systems integrated with building structures. Carrier panel with built-in photovoltaic module contains a shell on which cross ribs are made forming cells, and provided with photovoltaic cells, electrical connections between them and output terminals. The cross ribs and the shell are load-bearing. The cells formed by the ribs have inner surfaces located on the sides of the ribs and at the bottom of the cell. Photovoltaic cells are installed in cells on each of their inner surfaces.

EFFECT: increasing the stability and volume of electricity generated by a panel that performs the functionality of a mechanical load-bearing structure.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to devices for generating electrical energy using photovoltaic systems integrated with building structures. The panel for generating electrical energy can be used as wall structures, floor elements in the construction of buildings for individual and industrial purposes, as well as in the construction of fences.

State of the art

Known technical solutions:

Patent RU 2575245 C1, dated 10/31/2014 - Solar photovoltaic station, consisting of a solar battery and a supporting structure made of arcuate pipes and fixed on the building wall. EFFECT: simplicity of design for installing a solar battery of a solar photovoltaic station, while the design allows you to adjust the angle of inclination of the solar battery relative to the horizon during the year, but does not have universality with respect to installation sites.

Patent EP 2495509 B1 dated 11/21/2011 - Solar battery. The invention relates to the field of solar arrays and solar panel azimuth and elevation control systems for controlling a large number of solar arrays. The solution provides an efficient use of solar radiation, but is complex and expensive to implement.

Patent RU 2313642 C1 dated 03/27/2007, E04D 13/18 - Solar battery as an element of a building structure. It includes a case in the form of a metal shell made of profiled material with glued solar cells, compatible with the elements of the facade system of profiles of spatial building structures. The low stability of the generated electrical energy is due to the unstable stochastic nature of sunlight during the day.

Patent KR20140141763A dated 05/30/2013 - Construction panel for the production of photovoltaic energy and the wall structure in which it is used. The building panel contains: photovoltaic cells, a transmission protection panel and fasteners for attaching the bracket to the wall element of the building structure. A plurality of photovoltaic cells are fixed on the wall element of the building structure to form a façade. The solution is characterized by low stability of the generated energy in the absence of the ability to control the absorption of solar radiation.

Patent RU 2730544 dated 10/03/2019 - A solar house containing a gable roof, slopes with placed solar modules and a ridge are positioned along the cardinal points. The authors believe that this placement of solar modules will provide the best lighting conditions during the day. The disadvantage of the solution is the priority of the illumination factor over typical building parameters.

Patent RU 2758405 dated December 20, 2020 - An electric vehicle containing, as distinctive features, a body, the outer surface of which is made by alternating protrusions and depressions with the formation of at least one cell in which photovoltaic cells are located. Placing a plurality of photovoltaic cells in cells allows diffused sunlight to be used as the primary source of illumination, while using mostly direct sunlight in the previously described patent examples. The body in this case has a facade function.

Known technical solutions related to facade photovoltaic systems (Solar walls instead of photovoltaic panels. Access method: https://www.forumhouse.ru/journal/articles/7812-solnechnye-steny-vmesto-fotoelektricheskih-panelej-na-kryshe, view from 11/27/2011).

Buildings with photovoltaic facades require a system for fastening the facades to the mechanically load-bearing surface of the building. Technical solutions with façade systems have low reliability in the conditions of application of intermittent wind forces, the fastening system weakens the load-bearing wall structures.

Disclosure of invention

Features of the photovoltaic system of the invention make it possible to obtain a stable flow of electrical energy while increasing the proportion of scattered sunlight in the total balance of solar radiation. (Direct and diffuse radiation. Types of solar radiation. Access method: http://ufactor.ru/prvamava-i-rassevannaya-radiatsiya/, accessed on 11/27/2021).

The possibility of obtaining a stable flow of electrical energy occurs with an increase in the proportion of scattered light and is obtained in a structure having a shell with cross ribs made on it, forming cells, equipped with photovoltaic cells, electrical connections between them and output terminals.

According to the invention, the cross ribs and the shell are load-bearing, the cells formed by the ribs have inner surfaces located on the sides of the ribs and at the bottom of the cell, the photovoltaic cells are installed in the cells on each of their inner surfaces.

Photovoltaic cells are installed in cells, and the main stream of perceived sunlight is scattered solar radiation, which equally and evenly illuminates all surfaces of the object (Scattered light. Access method https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/16986, accessed by 11/27/2021).

The objective of the invention is to increase the stability and volume of electrical energy generated by a panel that performs the functionality of a structure bearing a mechanical load.

Brief description of the drawings

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 – panel, front view.

Fig. 2 – panel, vertical section in Fig. one.

Fig. 3 - panel as an element of the fence.

Fig. 4 - panel in housing construction.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the main elements of the panel: shell 1, with cross ribs 2 made on it, with the formation of cells 3. Photovoltaic cells 4 are installed in the cells, w is the outer size of the cell of square section; d - internal cell size; v is the size of the side of the photovoltaic cell.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows the electrical connections 5 between the photovoltaic cells and the terminals 6, g is the depth of the cell, H is the thickness of the sheath.

In FIG. 3 shows the use of the panel as a fencing element, where the mechanical load from the shell 1 is transferred to the foundation 7 and soil 8.

Figure 4 shows the use of the panel in housing construction, where the mechanical load from the shells 1 and the window opening 9 is transferred to the ground 8.

Implementation of the invention

On the shell of Fig. 1, bearing cross ribs 2 are made with the formation of cells 3. The main purpose of the cross ribs is to increase the bearing load with the equivalent mass of the plate (Shells reinforced with ribs. Access method: https://mash-xxl.info/info/552067/ Appeal dated 27.11. 2021).

The inner surface of the cells is used to install photovoltaic cells 4 interconnected through electrical connections 5 with terminals 6 (Fig. 2).

Depending on the intended purpose, the panel will take the load in bending, stability, compression. When using the panel as fencing elements (Fig. 3), the wind load on the shell 1 is transferred to the foundation 7 and soil 8. The strength calculation is for bending from wind pressure.

When using the panel in housing construction (Fig. 4), the wind pressure and above the shells 1 and the window opening 9 is transferred to the foundation 7 and soil 8. The main strength calculations are for stability from vertical loads (Stability of reinforced shells. Access method: https:/ /scask.ru/m_book_rdm.php?id=165, accessed on 11/27/2021).

Strength calculations - verification of the bearing capacity for bending, stability, compression for plates reinforced with ribs (Strength and stability of elastic orthotropic and anisotropic ribbed shells. Access method: engstroy.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/2010/6(16)/zhgoutov_obolochki .pdf, accessed 11/27/2021).

Target comparison calculation - based on the amount of electrical energy produced for a commercially available solar photovoltaic module and a carrier panel with reinforcement ribs.

The same values of equivalent parameters are taken as initial data: the area of the solar module and the area of the panel, the geometric and physical parameters of the solar cells, the illumination indicators (Industrially produced solar module. Access method: https://energo-souz.ru/moduli-fsm/polikristal /solnechnyy-modul-fsm-150p/, accessed on 11/27/2021).

Module characteristics: type of solar cells - polycrystalline, size - 1482 × 676 × 35 mm, geometric area of the module Sm=1.0 m ² , number of elements k=36, element - square, solar cell size d=156 mm, efficiency μ=0.17. The total area of all solar cells of the module Ss=d ² *k=0.156×0.156×36=0.876 m ² .

In the overall dimensions of the solar module described above, a carrier panel with a photovoltaic module is placed. Panel characteristics: type of solar cells - polycrystalline, size - 1482 × 676 × 160 mm, geometric area of the panel Sp = 1.0 m ² , number of elements k = 180, size of a square solar cell d = 156 mm, efficiency μ = 0 ,17, the shape of the cell between the panel ribs is square, the outer cell size is w=176 mm, the inner cell size is d=166 mm, the cell depth is g=170 mm, the shell thickness is H=10 mm. The total area of all solar cells of the module Sp=d ² *k=0.156×0.156×180=4.38 m ² .

Panel with geometric dimensions of 1482×676 mm, cell depth g=170 mm, shell thickness H=10 mm, material - steel, capable of absorbing the vertical load of at least three similar panels located above (Stability of reinforced shells. Access mode: https:// scask.ru/m_book_rdm.php?id=165, accessed on 11/27/2021). For a building (Fig. 4), a square shape with dimensions of 5×5×3 m, the number of panels is 60 units.

Orientation in a comparative calculation only to scattered Ep radiation gives a lower estimate of the volume of solar radiation. The minimum limit for assessing the energy of incoming radiation is considered to be taking into account the energy of scattered radiation (Daily intake of total E and scattered Ep solar radiation. Access method http://www.solbat.su/meteorology/insolation, accessed on 27.11.2011).

For Moscow Ep=1.76 MJ/ ^m2 in January and Ep=9.78 MJ/ ^m2 in July. The amount of electrical energy produced by the solar module and the carrier panel is determined by the dependence V=μEpS, where μ is the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell, Ep is the daily energy input, S is the total area of the product elements.

For the latitudinal zone of Moscow, daytime energy generation: solar industrial module in January V=0.17*1.76*0.876=0.26 MJ; carrier panel in January V=0.17*1.76*4.38=1.31 MJ (0.36 kW/h); solar industrial module in July V=1.42 MJ; bearing panel in July V=7.28 MJ (2 kW/h).

There is a five-fold increase in the produced electrical energy in the panel, suitable for the perception of load-bearing loads. The daily generation of electrical energy for a building of 60 load-bearing panels (Fig. 4) will be from 21.6 kW/h in January to 145.6 kW/h in July.

The increase in the stability of the generation of electrical energy is manifested in greater independence from the location of the building to the cardinal points, which is determined by the property of the scattered radiation to equally and evenly illuminate all surfaces of the object.

Claims (1)

Carrier panel with a built-in photovoltaic module, containing a shell on which cross ribs are made, forming cells, and provided with photovoltaic cells, electrical connections between them and output terminals, characterized in that the cross ribs and the shell are load-bearing, the cells formed by the ribs have internal surfaces located on the sides of the ribs and on the bottom of the cell, the photovoltaic cells are installed in the cells on each of their inner surfaces.

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