RU2776447C1 - Cooling unit for heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medical technology. The cooling unit for the heat exchanger, preferably for a heat exchanger integrated into the oxygenator for tempering the blood sent in the extracorporeal circulation circuit, contains a liquid storage tank, including a reagent reaction tank, which in combination with the liquid provides initiating an endothermic reaction; a functional means creating a passage for the fluid between the spare tank and the reaction tank, as well as a line for the fluid passing inside the reaction tank, which has an inlet and outlet that can be hermetically connected or are hermetically connected to the hose system of the heat exchanger, and which forms part of the fluid circulation circuit with the hose system of the heat exchanger. The compensation tank has an overflow, liquid flows into it from the spare tank through the formed passage for the fluid between the spare tank and the reaction tank. Overflow is a connection for the fluid to the reaction tank, through which part of the stored liquid enters the reaction tank to initiate an endothermic reaction with the reagent. The fluid line is connected through the fluid to a compensation tank, into which the residual part of the said stored liquid enters from the spare tank. A fluid pump is located in the fluid line, through which the liquid from the compensation tank enters the fluid line passing inside the reaction tank.

EFFECT: increasing the cooling and heating power.

17 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a cooling unit for a heat exchanger, preferably for a heat exchanger integrated in an oxygenator for tempering blood sent in an extracorporeal circulation circuit, with a liquid storage reservoir; including a reagent reaction vessel, which in connection with the liquid allows you to initiate an endothermic reaction; creating a passage for the fluid between the storage tank and the reaction tank functional means; and also a line for fluid passing at least in certain areas inside the reaction vessel, which has an inlet and outlet, which are made with the possibility of tight connection or are tightly connected in fluid medium with the heat exchanger hose system, the heat exchanger hose system, and which with the said hose system the heat exchanger forms at least part of the fluid circulation loop.

Known technical use released during exothermic or endothermic reactions of heat or cold through thermal interaction. For the case of endothermic reactions, in which cold is released, there are many applications, which will be briefly outlined in the following.

Within the framework of cardiac surgery or intensive care medicine (resuscitation), in particular for the treatment of acute heart disease and/or pulmonary insufficiency, cardiopulmonary machines are used, with which the pumping function of the heart, as well as the function of the lungs, can be replaced for a limited period of time. At the same time, the blood leaves the body through the extracorporeal circulation circuit in the form of a hose system, with the help of an oxygenator, which is a part of the cardiopulmonary machine, is saturated with oxygen and returns to the body again. At the same time, the oxygenator takes over the function of the lungs and not only supplies vital oxygen to the blood, but also simultaneously removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from it, which occurs due to metabolic processes.

Most of the oxygenators used today additionally have a heat exchanger with which the flowing blood can be heated or, in particular, cooled. Thus, heart surgeries are usually carried out under hypothermic conditions, that is, the blood is more or less strongly cooled, since a decrease in body temperature reduces the metabolic activity of cells and increases the tolerance to ischemia of the affected tissues and organs.

The so-called hypothermic devices serve as sources of cold, in which, as a rule, chilled water is created and used as a cooling liquid in order to cool the blood flowing through the oxygenator by means of a heat exchanger, that is, to purposefully remove its thermal energy. Conventional hypothermic apparatuses are large and heavy, most often serviced units mounted on rollers, whose heating and cooling units are powered by the mains and thus are not suitable for field conditions.

Modern hypothermia apparatuses, due to their compact structure, as well as their largely independent supply of electricity and cooling water, allow portable use independent of the supply of electricity and water. Hypothermia devices of this kind provide sealed connections for a heat exchanger integrated into the oxygenator, so that they can be used modularly or integratively in connection with the oxygenator.

The principle of cold production in the case of this kind of largely autonomous, modern hypothermic devices is based on an endothermic chemical reaction, most often between ammonium nitrate, calcium or urea ammonium nitrate and water. Urea as a chemical component is often used in cold accumulators to generate a fast cooling effect. They consist, as a rule, of two separate areas, of which urea is located in one, and water in the other. When the separation is removed, the urea dissolves in the water. Since the energy of the urea lattice is greater than the energy of hydration, the dissolution process takes energy from the environment and cools it, see Robert T. Sataloff: Sataloffs Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology. Jaypee Brothers, 2016, ISBN 978-93-5152745-9, s.412.

US 2014/0371552 A1 discloses a glucometer that can be non-invasively placed on the skin surface of a patient and includes a cooling device, a temperature measuring device, and an infrared radiation detector. For the purpose of measuring blood sugar, the skin surface is cooled to a predetermined temperature by means of a cooling device, and infrared radiation emitted and absorbed by the skin surface is measured. The cooling device consists of two fluid-tight closed and directly adjacent chambers, of which one chamber is filled with urea and the other with water. By means of a spring-loaded spike, the septum separating the two chambers can be locally perforated so that water can flow into the urea chamber, whereby an endothermic reaction is initiated that absorbs thermal energy from the surroundings, which cools the skin surface to be measured in a predetermined manner.

A device for tempering based on a chemical reaction and its use as a tempering unit for a heat exchanger is described in DE 10 2017 21 671 A1. This known device uses a container partially filled with urea granules, in which is placed a second container filled with water with a deformable wall. For cooling purposes, the water from the second container is poured into the first container and reacts with urea to form a positive enthalpy of reaction, which is technically exploited by thermal interaction.

The invention is based on the problem that a cooling unit for a heat exchanger, preferably for a heat exchanger integrated in the oxygenator for tempering the blood sent in the extracorporeal circulation circuit, with a liquid storage reservoir; with a reactant-containing reaction vessel which, in conjunction with a liquid, allows the initiation of an endothermic reaction; with creating a passage for the fluid between the storage tank and the reaction tank functional means; and also with a line for fluid passing at least in some areas inside the reaction vessel, which has an inlet and outlet, which are made with the possibility of hermetic connection or are hermetically connected to the heat exchanger hose system, and which forms at least part of the circuit with the heat exchanger hose system fluid handling, be as compact, lightweight and self-contained as possible to allow portable hand-held use. The cooling unit should be realized by as simple and economical means as possible and should be capable of forming at least modularly designed partial components in the form of a disposable product, respectively, a so-called disposable item. The amount of heat or cold output from the device must be provided in as short a time as possible in order to thus generate the highest possible cooling or heating output.

The solution of the problem underlying the invention is indicated in paragraph 1 of the claims. The features that advantageously form the cooling block according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and can also be taken from the further description, in particular with reference to the illustrated embodiment.

The cooling unit according to the invention, according to the features of the preamble of claim 1, is characterized in that an expansion tank with overflow is provided, into which liquid flows from the storage tank through the formed fluid passage between the storage tank and the reaction tank. The passage for the fluid is created by means of a functional means that allows local perforation, respectively, to open the reserve container. The overflow is a fluid connection to the reaction vessel, through which a part, preferably the main part, of the stored liquid enters the reaction vessel to initiate an endothermic reaction with a reagent, preferably in the form of granular urea. The fluid line is fluidly connected to the compensation tank, into which the remaining part of the stored liquid enters from the storage tank. The residual part of the stored liquid should be understood as that part of the liquid that, due to the layout geometry of the overflow in relation to the capacity of the compensation tank, does not flow into the reaction tank. In order to prevent that the liquid which has entered the reaction vessel through the overflow can flow back into the compensation vessel, a non-return or backflow-preventing valve is preferably arranged along the overflow fluid connection. In addition, along the fluid line, which runs at least in certain areas inside the reaction vessel, there is a fluid pump located outside the reaction vessel, by means of which liquid is sucked off from the compensation vessel into the aforementioned one, which extends at least in certain areas inside the reaction vessel. fluid line.

The fluid line extending at least in some areas inside the reaction vessel then passes in a hermetic way through the wall of the reaction vessel bounding the reaction vessel to the outside and forms a section of the line for the fluid, which is hereinafter referred to as a branch and is made in the form of a flexible hose line. The fluid line extending in the interior is made of metal, preferably aluminium, in order to optimize the heat exchange with the environment inside the reaction vessel as much as possible. In order to provide the largest possible surface area for the contact surface of heat exchange between the line for the fluid and the liquid present in the internal space of the reaction vessel, the path (travel) of the line for the fluid in the internal space of the reaction vessel is chosen as long as possible. To this end, the fluid line extending in the interior of the reaction vessel is preferably designed at least in some sections as a helical line or in the form of helical coils.

A fluid pump is disposed along the outlet leading out of the reaction vessel, preferably in the form of a roller pump, with which, by means of peristaltic pressure acting from the outside on the hose line, the fluid flow is pressed into the fluid line, so that the liquid that is inside the compensation vessel , is sucked off through the fluid line. Alternatively, the fluid pump is located upstream of said helical or coiled fluid line section along the fluid line section extending outside the reaction vessel.

Optionally, a filter block, preferably in the form of a bacteria filter, is placed along the outlet leading out of the reaction vessel, by means of which the contamination of the heat exchanger in the oxygenator with microbes, such as legionella, is prevented.

Further, the outlet of the fluid line is preferably connected via a releasable tight connection to the inlet of the hose system, which is thermally connected to the heat exchanger integrated inside the oxygenator.

The fluid outlet of the hose system thermally connected to the heat exchanger is preferably connected via a releasable leak-proof connection to a fluid line inlet which terminates in an equalization tank. Thus, the expansion vessel, the fluid line, and the heat exchanger hose system form an inward-closing fluid circuit, along which a fluid circulates, which serves as the heat transfer fluid (heat carrier) of the heat exchanger. It is this part of the liquid that serves as the heat-carrying liquid that originates from the liquid stored inside the storage container, which is poured into the compensation container after a corresponding local perforation or opening of the storage container using the functional means explained in more detail below.

Due to the only limited receiving volume within the recovery vessel, which is less than the capacity of the storage vessel, most of the liquid flows through the overflow along the fluid connection into the reaction vessel in which the reagent is stored, preferably in the form of urea granules. Also suitable are alternative reagents which, with a liquid, preferably water, extract thermal energy from the environment to form an endothermic chemical reaction.

The amount of liquid stored inside the reserve vessel is calculated in such a way that the part of the liquid flowing through the overflow and the fluid connection into the reaction vessel is at least 70%, while the remainder of the liquid is retained inside the compensation vessel, which, as explained earlier, serves as a heat-carrying liquid for a heat exchanger fluidly connected to a cooling unit made according to the invention. Said quantity fraction (distribution) of the liquid that flows out of the equalization vessel through the fluid connection into the reaction vessel is predetermined, in particular by means of the pipeline height to which the fluid connection is discharged into the equalization vessel.

In order not to limit the filling of the reaction vessel, respectively, the process of liquid flowing out of the compensation vessel into the reaction vessel through the fluid connection, due to the pressure increase that otherwise occurs inside the reaction vessel, the reaction vessel in the upper region next to the compensation vessel provides at least one vent hole in the environment. The vent opening preferably has a hydrophobic filter insert, by means of which an uncontrolled outflow of liquid due to tipping over or movement of the cooling unit can be prevented.

In addition, inside the reaction vessel to support and homogenize the chemical, endothermic reaction between the liquid and the granular reagent, there is a stirrer, which, through a mechanical interface (interface), for example, in the form of a gear, can be actuated by means of a drive located outside the reaction vessel. motor. In order to ensure that no portions of the liquid from the reaction vessel could flow back into the expansion vessel, especially since the liquid inside the expansion vessel would thus be contaminated, a check valve is provided along the fluid connection.

For the purposes of the most simple and error-free handling of the cooling unit according to the invention, the storage container is preferably in the form of a liquid bag. For reasons of mechanical protection, the liquid bag is also located inside the first casing, which is located vertically above the second casing that surrounds at least the said expansion tank. Vertically under the second casing surrounding said compensation vessel, there is a third casing enclosing the reaction vessel. As an option, the second and third shrouds can be made in one piece. Between the first and second casings, a spacer (spacer) is additionally located, which maintains a predetermined vertical distance between the reserve container contained in the first casing and, preferably, the functional means rigidly located on or inside the compensation container.

The functional means is made in the form of a sharp-edged object and is preferably located vertically under the spare container.

A spacer providing vertical spacing between the storage tank and the compensation tank, which prevents direct contact between the storage tank and the sharp-edged functional means, is installed between the first and second casing, preferably in such a way that this spacer is detachable from the side of the stacking union, for example, by manual pulling. After removing the spacer, the storage container falls due to gravity and its own weight, following vertically downwards, and comes into contact with the sharp-edged functional means, as a result of which the storage container is mechanically perforated locally, respectively, opens, so that the liquid stored in the storage container is completely poured into the compensation capacity. Simultaneously with the vertical lowering or falling of the reserve vessel and the associated filling of the equalization and reaction vessel, a fluid pump is activated, as well as a drive motor for activating the stirrer inside the reaction vessel.

The first casing surrounding the reserve container, as well as the second casing located vertically below it, are designed in relation to their vertically directly facing sides in such a way that after the removal of the spacer, both casings are mechanically determined, for example, according to the type of groove-tongue circumferential connection, slide into each other. each other to form a rigid mechanical butt joint.

The cooling unit according to the invention serves to quickly and efficiently deliver a large cooling capacity within the shortest possible time, which, apart from the commissioning of the fluid pump and also the drive motor, does not need any additional power supply required. Due to only a limited energy requirement, the required electrical energy can be made available within a (single) battery.

One preferred embodiment of the cooling unit according to the invention provides for a modular structure, such that the electrical components such as the fluid pump and the drive motor, together with the required control unit and power source, are housed in a modular, single housing. The first casing enclosing the reserve vessel, the spacer, the second casing enclosing the spacer, as well as the third casing enclosing the reaction vessel are each made in the form of vertically stacked one above the other modular blocks and can be disposed of after use in the form of disposable products. Preferably, at least said storage container and reaction container are made from lightweight polymer-based packaging materials, for example from densely compressed polystyrene, which can be recycled/recycled. In order to ensure that the reaction vessel is liquid-tight, the liquid-contacting inner wall of the reaction vessel is provided with a liquid-tight coating. In addition, it is required to choose the coating material so that it is chemically inert with respect to the resulting "liquid-reagent" mixture and the chemical products formed from it.

In addition, for reasons of renewable use and gentle disposal, it is preferable to provide an astringent inside the reaction vessel, which, in reaction with the liquid and / or the resulting liquid-reagent mixture, initiates the gelation process (gelation), so that after using the cooling block, the reaction vessel due to gelation ( gelled) mass inside the container can be disposed of as household waste and thus does not entail any costly disposal. Preferably, the chemical reaction with the binder should be delayed in time relative to the endothermic reaction between the liquid and the reactant, so that a complete reaction between the liquid and the reactant is ensured. To do this, it is proposed to encapsulate the binder with a liquid-soluble (liquid-soluble) material and fill it into the interior of the reaction vessel or, by means of a feed mechanism placed on the reaction vessel, with a time delay, issue it into the interior of the reaction vessel. In the case of using water as a liquid, it is appropriate to use xanthan as an astringent.

The cooling unit can in principle be fluidly connected and used with a heat exchanger for any application. Heat exchangers in the form of cooling surfaces or cooling mats are acceptable, as are those in the form of cooling vessels or cooling drums, to name but a few of the indicated uses. The cooling block is suitable as a source of cold for heat exchangers that are integrated into stationary or portable cooling units.

In the following, the invention, without any limitation of the general idea of the invention, will be approximately described using an embodiment and with reference to the drawings. Shown:

1 schematic representation of a cooling unit according to the invention for tempering a heat exchanger integrated in the oxygenator in the stage before activation of the cooling function,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the cooling unit after activation of the cooling function,

3 is an alternative embodiment of the cooling unit according to the invention.

1 illustrates in a schematic representation a cooling unit K according to the invention for providing a cooled heat transfer fluid for operating a heat exchanger W, which is preferably part of an oxygenator O.

The cooling unit K has essentially four modules M1-M4, of which at least the modules M1-M3 are designed to be assembled vertically on top of each other in a block principle. Module M1 has a spare container 1 for liquid, preferably in the form of water. Preferably, the storage container 1 consists of a water-filled plastic bag or plastic canister, which, for the purposes of protection and mechanical docking with the module M2 below it, is at least partially surrounded by the first casing 2.

Vertically under the first module M1 is the second module M2, which includes a compensation container 3, in which a functional means 4 is rigidly (fixed) located in the form of an object converging vertically upwards in the form of a sharp edge, for example, in the form of a needle, a spike, etc. . Compensation tank 3 is surrounded by a second casing 5. An overflow 6 with a connection 7 for fluid is issued vertically from below into the interior of the compensation tank 3, which enters (ends) vertically from above into the reaction tank 8 of the third module M3, which is surrounded by a third casing 9. Connection 7 for The fluid medium is made in the form of a pipeline open on both sides and has a check valve 10, which prevents the liquid from entering the side of the reaction vessel 8 into the compensation vessel 3. In the reaction vessel 8, the reagent 11 is stored in granular form, which preferably consists of granular urea.

Further, in the bottom region of the compensation vessel 3, a fluid line 12 ends, which passes further inside the reaction vessel 11, preferably with the formation of conductive helical coils 13, in order to realize the maximum surface of said fluid line inside the reaction vessel 8. The fluid line 12 The fluid leads hermetically through the third casing 9 to the outside and subsequently serves as an outlet 14 of the cooling block K. The fluid line 12 extending in the interior of the reaction vessel 9, and in particular the conductive helical coils 13 located there, are made of a material that conducts heat very well. , preferably metal, while the fluid line along outlet 14 is made of a resilient and thermally poorly conductive material, such as a polymer.

A filter block 15 is used along the outlet 14, preferably in the form of a bacteria filter. Downstream of the filter block 15 along the outlet 14 is a fluid pump 16, preferably in the form of a roller pump. Downstream of the fluid pump 16 there is a detachable seal 17 for sealing connection with the hose system 18 belonging to the heat exchanger W.

In the same manner, the hose system 18 is connected by a detachable tight connection 17' to a fluid line serving as a supply 19 to the compensation tank 3 of the cooling unit K.

Additionally, the third module M3 has a mixing tool 20, which is connected to the drive motor 22 via a split transmission unit 21. The drive motor 22, the fluid pump 16, and the electronic control unit 23, in combination with the electric power source 24 that operates the drive motor 22 and the fluid pump 15, form a fourth module M4, which is surrounded by a fourth casing not shown below.

The first and second modules M1, M2 are vertically spaced from each other by means of a spacer 25, so that the functional means 4 in the form of an object sharply converging vertically upwards does not touch the reserve container 1 contained inside the first module M1. The spacer 25 is slidably mounted between the first and second module M1, M2 and preferably by means of a not shown locking mechanism is kept from uncontrolled lateral slipping.

To activate the cooling block K, the spacer 25 must be removed sideways from the vertical modular combination M1, M2, for example, by means of a lateral manual pull, see arrow P.

Fig.2 illustrates the state after the lateral removal of the spacer 25 from the modular stacking unit. The consequence of the missing spacer 25 is that the storage container 1 falls vertically downwards together with the casing 2, whereby the sharply upwardly converging functional means 4 locally perforates the storage container 1. To ensure that the process of dropping and docking the first module M1 onto and into the second module M2 occurs in a certain manner, the first and second casings 2, 5 on their respectively vertically facing sides have lateral circumferential docking contours F.

Due to the mechanically initiated perforation of the storage tank 1, the entire liquid content of the storage tank 1 flows into the compensation tank 3. Approximately 80% of the amount of liquid stored in the storage tank 1 through the overflow 6 and fluid connection 7 flows into the reaction tank 8 and initiates with the reagent 11 an endothermic chemical reaction. reaction, as a result of which cooling is carried out inside the reaction vessel 8. The residual part 26 of the liquid remains inside the expansion tank 3 and serves as a heat-carrying liquid for the operation of the heat exchanger W. Simultaneously with the removal of the spacer 25 and the resulting gravity-driven perforation of the storage tank 1, the electronic control unit 23 activates both the fluid pump 16 and a drive motor 22 which, via a transmission unit 21, drives the agitating tool 20. The fluid pump 16, acting as a suction pump, sucks the liquid present as a residual part 26 inside the expansion tank 3 through the fluid line 12, which is cooled due to cooling inside reaction vessel 8. In order to optimize the heat transfer (heat exchange) from the liquid directed inside the fluid line 12 to the liquid-reagent mixture cooled during the endothermic reaction, it is required to provide the largest possible heat exchange contact surface between the lines and 12 for the fluid medium and the "liquid-reagent" mixture present in the inner space of the reaction vessel 8. To this end, the path of the line 12 for the fluid in the interior of the reaction vessel 8 is at least in some areas made spiral or in the form of spiral coils.

The cooled liquid is pumped through the outlet 14 through the filter block 15 to the heat exchanger W. The heat-carrying liquid flowing out after the exit from the heat exchanger W enters through the inlet 19 back into the compensating tank 3, from which the liquid is again sucked through the fluid line 12 for the purpose of its cooling into the reaction zone. containers 8.

Preferably, the first, second and third modules M1, M2, M3 are disposable, while the fourth module M4 enclosing the electrical components can be reused as many times as desired. The filter unit 15 is preferably an integral part of the third module M3 and is thus also part of a disposable product. For weight and cost reasons, the M1, M2 and M3 modules are made of lightweight polymer-based packaging material, which is also recyclable/recyclable. In addition, the compensation container 3 and the reaction container 8, ie the module 2 and 3, are provided with a liquid-impermeable coating on the inner wall side.

FIG. 3 illustrates another preferred embodiment for executing the cooling unit in the state of directly vertically seated modules M1, M2 and M3, comparable to the representation in FIG. All those components which are identical with the components already explained are provided with the reference numerals already introduced.

Contrary to the representation in FIG. 2, the fluid line 12 immediately downstream of its fluid connection to the expansion tank 3 leads outward, i.e. outside the reaction vessel 8, where the fluid pump 16 is installed along the fluid line 12 and draws liquid from the compensation vessel 3 into the fluid line 12. Downstream of the fluid pump 16 located outside the reaction vessel 8, the fluid line 12 leads back to the reaction vessel 8, within which the fluid line 12 is helical in order to form as large a heat exchange contact surface as possible and to ensure efficient cooling. passing inside the line 12 for the fluid fluid.

Along the outlet 14 leading outside the reaction vessel 8 there is a filter unit 15 which, as a bacterial filter, for example in the form of a legionella filter, ensures the sterility of the cooled liquid so as not to contaminate the heat exchanger W inside the oxygenator.

In addition, the reaction vessel 8 in the upper region provides a ventilation unit 27 with a hydrophobic filter, which ensures complete and rapid filling of the reaction vessel 8 and prevents uncontrolled leakage of liquid to the outside.

At the end of the cooling process, the binder 28 stored in the reaction vessel 8, preferably xanthane, gels the liquid-reagent mixture so that the modules 1, 2 and 3 can be easily disposed of, for example, as household waste. To do this, the binder 28 is encapsulated with a liquid-soluble material that completely dissolves after a certain residence time inside the liquid and releases the binder inside the reaction vessel.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 spare container

2 first casing

3 expansion tank

4 functional tool

5 second casing

6 overflow

7 fluid connection

8 reaction vessel

9 third casing

10 check valve

11 reagent

12 fluid line

13 conductive coil (spiral)

14 branch

15 filter block

16 fluid pump

17.17' plug-in seal

18 hose system

19 supply

20 stirring tool

21 transmission units

22 drive motor

23 electrical control unit

24 power source, battery

25 spacer

26 residual liquid

27 ventilation unit

28 astringent

W heat exchanger

O oxygenator

M1,M2,M3,M4 modules

P arrow direction

K cooling block

F docking loop

Claims (22)

1. Cooling block for a heat exchanger, preferably for a heat exchanger (W) integrated in the oxygenator (O) for tempering the blood sent in the extracorporeal circuit, with - reserve liquid storage tank (1); - including the reagent (11) reaction vessel (8), which in connection with the liquid allows you to initiate an endothermic reaction; - creating a passage for the fluid between the reserve tank (1) and the reaction tank (8) functional means; as well as - passing at least partially inside the reaction vessel (8) line (12) for the fluid, which has an inlet and outlet (14, 19), which are made with the possibility of tight connection or hermetically connected to the hose system (18) of the heat exchanger (W) , and which with the hose system (18) of the heat exchanger (W) forms at least part of the fluid circulation circuit, characterized in that a compensation tank (3) with an overflow (6) is provided, into which liquid flows from the reserve tank (1) along the formed fluid passage between the reserve tank (1) and the reaction tank (8), and the overflow (6) is a fluid connection (7) to the reaction vessel (8), through which part of the stored liquid enters the reaction vessel (8) to initiate an endothermic reaction with the reagent (11), with the fluid line (12) connected in fluid medium with a compensation tank (3), into which the residual part (26) of the mentioned stored liquid enters from the storage tank (1), and moreover, a fluid pump (16) is located in the line (12) for the fluid, through which the liquid from the compensation tank (3) enters a fluid line (12) extending at least partially inside the reaction vessel (8). 2. Cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that a check valve (10) is located along the connection (7) for the overflow fluid (6), which prevents the liquid from flowing back from the reaction vessel (8) into the compensation vessel (3). 3. Cooling unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fluid pump (16) is designed as a suction unit, which is located in the fluid line (12) outside the compensation and reaction tank (3, 8). 4. Cooling unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fluid pump (16) is in the form of a roller pump. 5. Cooling block according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the line (12) for the fluid downstream of the area passing inside the reaction vessel (8) provides a branch (14), and in the branch passing outside the reaction vessel ( 14) there is a filter block (15). 6. Cooling block according to claim 5, characterized in that the filter block (15) is a bacterial filter, in particular a legionella filter. 7. Cooling unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inlet (19) of the line (12) for fluid terminates in an expansion tank (3), wherein the fluid circuit consists of a compensation tank (3), a line (12) for the fluid, as well as the hose system of the heat exchanger (W), through which the residual part (26) of the liquid circulates as the heat transfer fluid of the heat exchanger (W). 8. The cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spare tank (1) is located vertically above the compensation tank (3), and the functional means (4) is made in the form of a sharp-edged object, which is located vertically under the spare tank ( 1), and between the spare tank (1) and the compensation tank (3) there is a spacer (25), which holds the spare tank (1) at a vertical distance above the functional means (4), and moreover, after removing the spacer (25), the spare tank ( 1) due to the action of gravity, it comes into contact with the functional means (4), which, as a result, mechanically locally breaks through the storage tank (1), so that the liquid stored in the storage tank (1) is completely poured into the compensation tank (3). 9. Cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the functional means (4) is located rigidly on the compensation tank (3). 10. The cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that inside the reaction vessel (8) there is a stirrer (20), which, through a mechanical interface, can be actuated by a drive motor located outside the reaction vessel (8) ( 22). 11. The cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least the spare container (1), the functional means (4) and the reaction container (8) are made in the form of disposable products. 12. Cooling unit according to one of claims 5, 10 or 11, characterized in that the filter unit (15) and the agitator (20) are parts of a disposable product, and the drive motor (22) and the fluid pump (16) are connected to source (24) of electricity, as well as with electrical control (23) and made in the form of a modular unit for mechanical adaptation to the said disposable product. 13. Cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heat exchanger (W) is integrated into the stationary or portable cooling unit. 14. A cooling block according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that an astringent is stored inside the reaction vessel (8), which, in contact with the liquid entering the reaction vessel (8), allows it to gel. 15. Cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least the storage tank (1) and the reaction tank (8) are made of polymer-based packaging material. 16. Cooling block according to claim 15, characterized in that at least the inner wall of the reaction vessel that comes into contact with the liquid is provided with a liquid-tight coating. 17. Cooling unit according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the reaction vessel (8) provides a ventilation unit.

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