RU2758292C1 - Yamobur rotary vineal drilling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for planting seedlings on solid soils. The drilling machine includes a hitch with a frame, on which a frame is fixed, connected to a hydraulic cylinder of rotation, containing a bevel gearbox, which is connected in the lower part with a drill driven in rotation from a power unit through a propeller shaft, and in the upper part with a frame that stabilizes its position by an adjusting rod. The frame with mounted on it on spring-hinged shock absorbers, consisting of springs and hinges from a ball with a trunnion, a gearbox with a steel body having a bevel gear with a horizontal shaft through a bevel gear and a hollow vertical shaft through a gear wheel, is hingedly fixed on a transverse bar, located along the longitudinal axis of the power unit with an offset, it is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for rotation, a pin and a retractable support for position stabilization. A toothed washer is fixed on the gearbox housing coaxially with a counter-toothed washer for contact, fixed on the upper side of the flange for attaching the drill to the lower end of the rod, installed inside the hollow shaft on the splines and having the ability to move in the vertical direction. A bushing is fixed in the upper end of the rod, above which a locking device for moving the rod in a vertical position is installed along a slide fixed on the inner side of the gearbox cover, consisting of a housing with a handle, a shaft, thrust and radial bearings. The drill drive has the ability to convert rotary movements into reciprocating when transmitted from the power take-off shaft of the power unit through a safety clutch, two cardan shafts, an intermediate shaft and a pair of toothed washers.

EFFECT: provides a reduction in energy costs when digging holes on hard soils.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for digging holes for planting grape seedlings, berry trees and under trellis posts, and can be used for planting seedlings of pome fruit, stone fruit and ornamental crops on solid soils.

Known pit digger KPYA-100, consisting of a frame made of two longitudinal bars, fastened with a transverse strut and fixed on it by two retractable supports to regulate the depth of the drill. The working body is a drill - a two-way screw with replaceable plowshares and a gimbal. On the back of the plowshares, height-adjustable heels are attached, the position of which adjusts the burrow rate. When working on hard soils, they are raised. The drill receives rotation from the tractor power take-off shaft through a single-stage bevel gearbox, which is equipped with a pair of bevel gears. The gears of the transmission are replaceable, one pair reports to the drill 135 rpm, the other - 85 rpm. Articulated (cardan) transmission of standard type, with a cam overload clutch [see. Karpenko A.N., Zelenev A.A. Agricultural machines Ed. 2nd revised and add. M .: "Kolos", 1968. - S. 413-418]. The versatility of the machine is ensured by replacing the working bodies (replaceable drills), and digging holes on stony soils - by adjusting the rotation speed of the working bodies.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is high metal consumption, high energy consumption of the process, low productivity and low reliability of the machine. A drill with a diameter of 30 cm (for vineyards) does not have replaceable plowshares.

Known technical solutions to improve the reliability and performance of the pit digger, containing a supporting boom with an installed compensation spring on a longitudinal thrust, the plowshares of the drill are made with a length greater than the height of the auger turns, and on the edges of the turns there is a flange with vertically fixed knives [see. A.S. SU No. 1 020 025 А01С 5/04 Pit digger / Matyushkin MM, Borisov A.M. Appl. 06.01.82, publ. 05/30/83, bul. No. 20]. This design allows you to clean the walls of the pit, prevents soil shedding and additionally centers the drill in the pit.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high energy consumption of the process of cutting solid soils and low productivity.

Known drill for the preparation of planting holes on stony soils, made in the form of a double-thread auger with diametrically opposed plates fixed at the lower end, on which cutting plowshares are installed by means of L-shaped brackets [see. A.S. SU No. 551007 А01С 5/04, E02D 17/144. Drill for preparation of landing pits on mountain slopes / Babaev M.K., Bagirzade V.M., Bagiv A.A., Akhmedov I.I. Appl. 06/17/75, publ. 03.25.77, bul. No. 11]. The reduction of the energy consumption of the cutting process in this design is facilitated by the provision of a change in the cutting angle of the cutting plowshares.

The disadvantages of such a device are low productivity, narrow technological capabilities and high material costs.

The known pit digger contains a transverse rotary frame, connected by horizontal hinges with an arrow, and vertical hinges - with a longitudinal frame, rotary around the drive shaft, and a hydraulic cylinder for rotation of the longitudinal frame, equipped with a position correction mechanism [see. A.S. SU No. 1 041 055 А01С 5/04 Pit digger / Matyushkin MM, Borisov A.M. No. 3338570 / 30-15, app. 08/07/81, publ. 09/15/83, bul. No. 34]. When drilling vertical holes for the removal of the drill with a hydraulic cylinder away from the longitudinal axis, the screw tie is connected to the axis of the vertical hinge of the transverse frame, and the pin is placed in a hinged-mounted transverse sleeve. The second hydraulic cylinder is used to change the position of the drill in the vertical plane. Adjustment of the angle of rotation of the transverse frame at the extreme positions of the hydraulic cylinder is carried out using a screw.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the high energy consumption of the process of digging holes, especially on solid, with stony inclusions, soils, the complexity of setting up the device and low operational reliability.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is a pit digger containing a longitudinal and transverse rotary frame fixed on it, on the horizontal hinges of which, by means of brackets, a bearing link in the form of a pipe with a hinged gearbox is installed, connected by a rod to a longitudinal frame, a working body with hydraulic cylinders is mounted on the gearbox pivoting, horizontal movement and penetration [see. A.S. SU No. 1 021 374 А01С 5/04 Pit digger / V.P. Vertinsky, V.A. Appl. 11/25/81, publ. 06/07/83, bul. No. 21].

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the high energy consumption of the process of digging holes, especially on solid, with stony inclusions, soils, the complexity of setting up the device. In addition, the device for turning the working body requires an increase in the value of the extension of the working body relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor.

Therefore, the aim of the present invention is to reduce energy costs, expand the technological capabilities of a rotary vineyard pit auger while improving the efficiency of digging holes on solid soils and in the rows of vineyards.

To solve the set tasks, a yamober is proposed, including a hinge with a frame, on which a frame is fixed, connected to a swing hydraulic cylinder, containing a bevel gearbox, which in the lower part is connected to a drill driven in rotation from a power unit through a cardan shaft, and in the upper part with a frame, adjusting rod stabilizing its position. The frame with mounted on it on spring-hinged shock absorbers, consisting of springs and hinges from a ball with a trunnion, a gearbox with a steel body, having a bevel gear with a horizontal shaft through a bevel gear and a hollow vertical shaft through a gear wheel, is hingedly fixed on a transverse bar, located along the longitudinal axis of the power unit with an offset, it is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for rotation, a pin and a retractable support for position stabilization. A toothed washer is fixed on the gearbox housing coaxially with a counter-toothed washer for contact, fixed on the upper side of the flange for attaching the drill to the lower end of the rod, installed inside the hollow shaft on the splines and having the ability to move in the vertical direction. A bushing is fixed in the upper end of the rod, above which a locking device for moving the rod in a vertical position is installed along a slide fixed on the inner side of the gearbox cover, consisting of a housing with a handle, a shaft, thrust and radial bearings. The drill drive has the ability to convert rotary movements into reciprocating when transmitted from the power take-off shaft of the power unit through a safety clutch, two cardan shafts, an intermediate shaft and a pair of toothed washers.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that in the inventive yamobur rotary vineyard mounted on spring-hinged shock absorbers a gear-vibration drive of the drill, connected by a spring-traction mechanism to the frame. The drive contains a bevel gearbox. The rotation of the drill is transmitted from the PTO of the power unit through the safety clutch, the first cardan shaft, the intermediate shaft, the second cardan shaft, as well as the horizontal shaft and the hollow vertical shaft of the gearbox and the bar mounted inside the vertical shaft on splines with the possibility of reciprocating sliding inside the hollow shaft during interaction toothed washers installed on the gearbox and the flange of the drill rod.

A bevel gear is attached to the vertical shaft of the gearbox for coupling with the bevel gear of the horizontal shaft. On the lower part of the gearbox housing, a toothed washer is fixed coaxially with the shaft on the flange to form contact with a counter toothed washer fixed on the flange of the lower end of the rod. A replaceable drill is attached to the same flange. The amplitude of the reciprocating motion of the rod along the splines is not less than the height of the teeth of the washers for converting the rotary motion into reciprocating in the vibration mode of operation of the auger.

The rod is equipped in the upper part with a bushing, above which a locking device with thrust bearings is installed on a slide fixed on the inner side of the gearbox cover to fix the open position of the toothed washers to ensure the normal operation of the drill,

The gearbox is attached to the frame on axes that form crosses located on the sides of the gear drive, which can move on the lower and upper springs in the housing fixed to the frame, forming a shock-absorbing spring-hinge mechanism.

A support is installed on the crossbar bracket to regulate and increase the stability of the drill.

The known technical solutions of the pit diggers, including various working bodies, solve either other technical problems, or require an increased energy consumption for the operation, while in the inventive vineyard pit auger, the drive rotation from the PTO of the power unit to the drill can be transmitted through a chain: a safety clutch, the first propeller shaft , intermediate shaft, second cardan shaft, hollow horizontal shaft of the gearbox, bevel gear, bevel gear, bar, drill. The drill is fixed with a flange with bolts to the spline rod of the vertical hollow shaft of the gearbox, which radially transmits the force through the splines to the bushing fixed on tapered roller bearings in the gearbox housing. In the axial vertical direction, the force from the spline rod to the drill can be transmitted in the operating mode: a - without forced vibration, 6 - with forced vibration, when the toothed washers on the rod flange and the gearbox flange are connected. The choice of the operating mode depends on the position of the locking device: a - opposite the end of the splined rod, 6 - to the side. The locking device with its body moves along the guide slide, fixed on the inner side of the gearbox cover, from one position to another using a handle when the drill is inoperative.

Along with this, the gearbox is attached to the frame by shock absorbers with a spring-hinge mechanism containing a housing, a crosspiece with horizontal axes, a box with vertical axes, and springs. Such fastening of the gearbox to the rotary frame provides additional reciprocating oscillatory movements of the drill, and also increases its stability in the lateral position.

In addition, the hinged connection of the frame with the transverse bar, with an offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the power tool, for the possibility of turning the working body with the help of a hydraulic cylinder, increases the amount of departure of the working body relative to the longitudinal axis of the power tool.

Thus, the claimed rotary vineyard yamobur meets the criterion of "novelty".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic material (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), which shows a schematic representation of a yamobur rotary vineyard: Fig. 1 is a side view; in fig. 2 - top view; in fig. 3 - outrigger A side view (vibration mode); in fig. 4 - detail B, top view (normal mode).

Yamobur rotary vineyard contains: beam 1, frame 2, rod 3 and bar 4, forming a hinged four-link mechanism, beam 1 and frame 2 are attached to the system of the power unit hinge (shown conditionally). Frame 5, pivotally connected to a bar 4 for turning by means of a hydraulic cylinder 6, is fixed with a pin 7. A bevel gearbox with a steel body 8, connected to the frame 5 by an adjusting rod 9 with a compensation spring 10 and a spring-hinged shock-absorbing suspension containing springs 11 and a hinge, consisting of a ball 12 with a trunnion 13. A drill 14 is connected to the gearbox 8 through a vibration mechanism with toothed washers 15 mounted on the flange 16, fixed motionlessly, with the teeth directed downward on the lower part of the gearbox housing, and, coaxially, responding to the gear engagement washers 17 with teeth directed upwards, fixed on the flange 18, fixed on the splined rod 19. To the same flange 18 a replaceable drill is also fixed. To regulate the clutch of toothed washers 15, 17, a locking bearing mechanism is installed, consisting of a housing 20, a slide 21 fixed on the inner side of the gearbox cover 8 for its movement, a handle 22, a shaft 23 and thrust bearings 24 and radial 25.

The reducer 8 contains a bevel gear with a horizontal shaft 26 with a bevel gear 27 and a hollow vertical shaft 28 with a gear 29. Inside the hollow shaft 28 on the rod 19 mounted on the splines 30 a bushing 31 is fixed to interact with the locking bearing mechanism.

The transmission of the drive rotation to the reducer from the PTO of the power unit is provided by a safety clutch 32, the first propeller shaft 33, the intermediate shaft 34 and the second propeller shaft 35. To stabilize the frame 5 in the working position, a retractable support 36 is installed on the beam 4.

Yamobur rotary vineyard works as follows. Before starting work, the yamobur, hung on the power tool, is transferred from the transport to the working position by unlocking the pivot frame 5 with a finger 7 with respect to the transverse bar 4. The unit is installed in the row spacing of the vineyard in the place where it is necessary to dig a hole. With the help of the hydraulic cylinder 6, the drill 14 is directly installed in the row of the vineyard. According to the preliminary conclusion about the physical and mechanical state of the soil, the operator determines the mode of operation of the drill drive (normal or vibration). For digging holes in vibration mode, the gear-vibration drive of the drill 14 is activated. With the help of the handle 22 of the locking bearing mechanism, the sleeve 31 of the splined rod 19 with the drill 14 is removed along the slide 21 from the locking position and its free movement in the vertical direction is provided. The operator turns on the PTO of the power unit and lowers the drill 14 by the hydraulic system until it touches the soil, centering its tip relative to the center of the future pit. The drill is driven by the hydraulic cylinder of the power unit through a four-link linkage mechanism. The power moment of rotation of the PTO of the power unit is supplied through the safety clutch 32 (preventing the breakdown of the drill drive elements in the event of overloads), the first propeller shaft 33, the intermediate shaft 34 and the second propeller shaft 35 to the primary horizontal shaft 26 with the bevel gear 27 of the bevel gear 8 and further through a bevel gear 29 and a hollow vertical shaft 28 on the rod 19. The rod 19 driven in rotational motion, connected to the shaft 28 by a spline connection 30, performs movements along the vertical axis by the amount of the height of the teeth of the contacting washers 15, 17, with the transformation of the rotary motion into reciprocating translational movements of the toothed washer 15, fixed on the flange 16 of the lower part of the gearbox housing 8, motionlessly coaxial with the shaft 28 and the counter toothed washer 17, fixed on the flange 18 of the rod 19 and fixed on it with a replaceable drill 14.

At the end of the drilling, the hydraulic system of the power unit is used to lower the drill 14, after which the PTO is switched off, and the hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the rotary frame 5 with the reducer 8 and the drill 14 out of the vineyard row to its original position. The unit moves to the next position.

In normal mode, without vibration, the vineyard rotary yamobur works with the locked position of the slotted rod 19.

The four-link linkage mechanism for the power tool of the drill 14 serves to reduce the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 6 and directs the movement of the movable gearbox 8 with the drill 14. The rotation of the frame 5 relative to the transverse bar 4 provides the hydraulic cylinder 6.

Since the connection of the gear drive with the frame 5 is articulated, the drill 14 takes a vertical position under the action of gravity. Adjustment of the position of the drill 14 is carried out by the compensation spring 11 and the rod 3, which pivotally connects the frame 5 with the gearbox 8.

The pivot frame 5, pivotally connected to the transverse bar 4, with an offset to the level of the track of the power unit, to rotate the working body with the help of a hydraulic cylinder, increases the amount of departure of the working body relative to the longitudinal axis of the power tool.

The cutting plowshares of the drill 14, cutting off the soil shavings, feed it onto the screw belt of the auger, which transports the loosened soil to the surface, scattering it around the pit. At the same time, to reduce the energy intensity of the process, it is possible to accompany the rotation of the drill 14 with vibrational reciprocating movements directed along the axis of the drill 14.

In the process of drilling the hole, the axles forming the crosses located on the sides of the gear drive are able to move on the lower and upper springs in the housing fixed to the frame 5, forming a shock-absorbing spring-hinge mechanism. Such an attachment of the gearbox 8 to the rotary frame 5 provides additional reciprocating oscillatory movements of the drill 14, and also helps to stabilize its position.

An experimental sample of a rotary vineyard pit auger was made by the sector for the development and research of prototype and experimental technological installations of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VNNIIViV Magarach RAS. Overall dimensions, mm: width - 1650, length - 2915, height - 1475. Replaceable drills for approbation, diameter, mm: 150; 250 and 450 mm. Constructive weight, kg - 550. The main modified units for the experimental sample of a rotary vineyard pit auger were made taking into account the results of testing prototypes of its units carried out in the soil channel and in the field conditions of the experimental farm of the Academy of Bioresources and Nature Management of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “KFU im. IN AND. Vernadsky "ptg. Agrarian of the Simferopol region of the Republic of Crimea. The rotational speed of the drill is 182 rpm, toothed washers are installed on flanges with a diameter of 180 mm, the number of teeth on the washer is 16 pcs., The set amplitude of reciprocating movements is 3.0 mm, their frequency is 48.5 s-1.

A rotary vineyard yamobur was tested for digging holes for trellis posts (equipped with a drill with a diameter of 150 mm) and repair (equipped with a drill with a diameter of 250 mm) of existing vineyards with row spacing of at least 2.0 m, both along the axis of movement of the tractor and with lateral displacement of the holes relative to the axis at a distance of up to 1500 mm without additional turns of the tractor. The aggregation of the experimental sample of the pit digger was carried out with tractors of the MT3-80 type and YuMZ "Belarus". Also, tests were carried out for a rotary vineyard pit auger with an experimental working body with a diameter of 450 mm, equipped with a replaceable ploughshare (knife) and a short feather (tip).

The experimental data obtained indicate a significant decrease in the energy intensity of hole drilling on solid soils with a rotary vineyard pit auger containing toothed washers: fixed in the lower part of the gearbox and fixed on the drive spline bar of the drill, as well as the spring-depreciation mount of the gearbox on the swing frame.

Based on the results of experimental testing of technical solutions in production conditions, data were obtained for the development of design documentation for a prototype of a rotary vineyard yamobur.

The use of the invention expands the technological capabilities of the yamobur. Yamobur, using the vibration effect of the drill drive, crumbles solid soil, accelerates the process of digging holes to a set depth. The maximum depth of the pits, taking into account the parameters of experimental drills, is 900 mm. The estimated productivity per hour of the main time when digging holes for planting seedlings and when digging holes for repair work increases by 15-30%, and the decrease in the energy consumption of the process reaches more than 20%.

The totality of the essential features of the invention makes it possible to achieve a technical result, as evidenced by the existing following causal relationship. The use of new technical solutions in a rotary vineyard yamobur makes it possible to work in orchards and vineyards to dig holes for planting new plantations of grapes, orchards, berry bushes, ornamental and other plantations on solid soils and for repair work in vineyards cultivated using modern technologies.

The use of a gear-vibration unit with the conversion of rotary motion into a reciprocating motion along the vertical axis by the height of the teeth of the contacting washers: a toothed washer fixed on the flange of the lower part of the gearbox housing motionlessly coaxially with the shaft and a counter toothed washer fixed to the flange of the rod and drill, and also the spring-shock-absorbing suspension of the unit and an increase in the value of the working body departure relative to the longitudinal axis of the power tool significantly reduces the energy consumption of the technological process of preparing holes and increases the operational reliability of the pit digger.

In general, these distinctive features and properties of a rotary vineyard yamobur reduce energy costs and expand technological capabilities while improving the efficiency of digging holes on hard soils and in rows of vineyards.

Claims (1)

Yamobur rotary vineyard, containing a hinge with a frame, on which a frame is fixed, connected to a hydraulic cylinder of rotation, containing a bevel gearbox, which in the lower part is connected to a drill driven in rotation from a power unit through a cardan shaft, and in the upper part with a frame that stabilizes its position an adjusting rod, characterized in that the frame with spring-hinged shock absorbers mounted on it, consisting of springs and hinges from a ball with a trunnion, a gearbox with a steel body having a bevel gear with a horizontal shaft through a bevel gear and a hollow vertical shaft through a gear wheel , pivotally fixed on a transverse bar located along the longitudinal axis of the power facility with an offset, equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for rotation, a pin and a retractable support for position stabilization, while a fixed toothed washer is fixed on the gearbox housing coaxially with a reciprocal, for contact, a toothed washer fixed on the upper side flange for I attach the drill to the lower end of the rod, installed inside the hollow shaft on splines and capable of moving in the vertical direction, and at the upper end of the rod, a bushing is fixed, above which a locking device for moving the rod in a vertical position is installed on a slide fixed on the inner side of the gearbox cover , consisting of a housing with a handle, a shaft, thrust and radial bearings, while the drill drive has the ability to convert rotary movements into reciprocating when transmitted from the power take-off shaft of the power unit through a safety clutch, two cardan shafts, an intermediate shaft and a pair of toothed washers.

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