RU2716418C1 - Fish counting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: data processing.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a video camera installed above water, which is connected to series-connected processing unit and counting unit. Within the vision zone of the video camera across the river there is a band on the bottom, the color of which contrasts with the color of the detected fish and the bottom of the river. Belt comprises optical emitting elements connected to processing unit. Number of video cameras is selected so that they can be used to view the whole river width.

EFFECT: invention provides continuous counting of fish passing in shallow-water rivers.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fisheries and is intended for use in systems for monitoring and counting fish during their passage to spawning places in shallow rivers.

The relevance of this invention is due to the fact that to determine the quotas for catching fish that spawn, and in particular valuable breeds, such as chum, pink salmon, omul and others, that spawn in shallow small rivers and streams of Sakhalin, Kamchatka, the Caucasus and other regions , you need to know how many fish went to spawn. The available methods and hardware implementations do not allow such a calculation in rivers with complex hydrology:

- depths at the measurement sites from 10 to 100 cm, also changing during the day due to rains, uneven heating and melting of ice and snow;

- the water flow rates at the measurement sites are different, and also vary in time;

- the bottom has a complex structure with the presence of rifts, areas with different illuminances and color characteristics;

- there is a periodic random passage along the river of logs, branches and other objects;

- measurement sites are inaccessible and remote from settlements.

Consider the available equipment for counting fish from the point of view of the possibility of its use in rivers with a given hydrology.

There are sonar systems [1-3] performing the counting of passing fish. Each such device contains, as a rule, an electronic receiving-emitting unit, processing and indication units, hydroacoustic antennas in an amount of one or more, located in the aquatic environment. In the receiving-emitting unit, electrical sounding signals are periodically generated that arrive at hydroacoustic antennas that emit acoustic sounding signals into the aquatic environment. These signals propagate in water, are reflected from the fish located there, as well as from the bottom or from the water-air interface and are received by the same or other antennas. The electrical signals corresponding to these reflected signals from the antennas are fed to the input of the receiving path, where they are processed according to a predetermined algorithm (amplification, frequency filtering, changing the amplitude ratios in the block “Temporary automatic gain control (VARU)”, converting the analog signal to digital and other operations) [4]. From the output of the receiving path, the signals are sent to the processing unit, where the echo signals from the fish are separated and their number is counted. The counting results are displayed on the display unit and / or can be stored in the memory of the processing unit and transmitted via a wired or radio channel to an external display unit.

The considered and other available hydroacoustic systems cannot be used on small rivers with complex bottom topography. This is explained by the fact that all hydroacoustic systems have a so-called dead zone, in which the process of separation of echo signals from fish is impossible. Its value is commensurate with the depths of these rivers and can reach several tens of centimeters. Increasing the location frequency reduces the dead zone, but at the same time reduces the width of the controlled water zone [4]. In vertical locating, when the hydroacoustic antennas are located at the bottom and are positioned up, or are located in the upper part of the aquatic environment and are positioned down towards the bottom, the number of hydroacoustic antennas is used to completely cover the control zone, for example, 10 meters wide and a transmitter diameter of 4 cm can reach 200 pieces .. With large differences in depths, the sizes of water layers in front of each antenna can be different and, in addition, vary significantly during the day, which makes it difficult to form s gate to separate fish echoes from the entire sequence of the reflected signals. In the presence of rifts, the water level will undergo rapid changes, which will further complicate the task of separating echo signals from fish. Each of the antennas must be connected to its receiving-emitting channel, and the implementation of a hydroacoustic system with so many channels, taking into account its transportability, installation and long-term operation with autonomous power supply, is almost impossible.

When locating in the horizontal direction, the number of channels can be less, however, significant reflections of sounding acoustic signals from inhomogeneities of the bottom, as well as from the water-air interface, will be observed, which will make it impossible to separate the echo signals from the fish.

There are also systems for counting fish, the work of which is based on measuring changes in the electrical resistance of water sections when fish pass through them [5-6]. As a rule, they contain the following main units: a power source, electrode sensors, a unit for measuring the resistance of a section of water between the electrodes, processing and counting units. When passing fish near the electrodes, the resistance of the water section between them changes, this change is recorded, and the number of such changes is calculated as the passage of the fish.

The disadvantages of such and similar systems is their small radius of action. Therefore, for rivers with a width of the order of several tens of meters, the number of electrodes and resistance measurement units can reach several hundred, which is practically unrealizable.

There are devices for counting fish using optical registration methods [7-12].

In the patent [7], a device is proposed comprising counting channels through which fish are passed. Each counting channel has several emitting LEDs, and photodetectors located opposite them. During the passage of fish, photodetectors are obscured, the magnitude of the current through them changes, and this change is recorded as the passage of the fish.

The patent [8] proposes a device similar to the device described in the patent [7], which additionally excludes the possibility of re-counting the fish when they pass in different directions, which increases the overall accuracy of the measurements. Also, the device additionally measures the length of the passing fish.

The patent [9] proposes a method and apparatus for counting, measuring, separating and classifying moving objects, in particular live fish, for example young salmon. The fish in the measuring channel passes by the measuring devices, where it crosses one or more rays of light perpendicular to the direction of movement of the fish. The rays of light are located at fixed distances. When a fish passes the device and interrupts the rays of light, the time it takes the fish to move a fixed distance between the rays of light is measured. All measurement data is entered into a microcomputer connected to the device. According to the measurement results, the fish are counted and its division into various size groups.

In the patent [10] a fish counting device is proposed, which is a pipe at one end attached to a vessel containing a countable number of fish. A stream of water is created in the pipe, which has a higher speed towards the outlet end of this pipe. The fish floats inside this pipe, passes through a counting device, which can be implemented based on the intersection of optical or acoustic rays.

In the patent [11], a method and device for counting fish in cages are proposed, which can be used to count fish passing in rivers. The counting device contains a surface part, in which an indication unit and a power source are provided, as well as an underwater part, consisting of a matrix of N emitters and receivers mounted on a frame. Emitters and receivers can be optical, acoustic or infrared. If an object, such as a fish, appears on the propagation path of the used rays, the level of the received signal drops, and such a change in the level is recorded as the passage of the fish and will be the unit of its account.

The patent [12] proposes a method for recording and estimating the weight of fish, as well as a device for its implementation. Fish is pumped or floats through a tubular channel of circular or rectangular cross section made of a transparent material. Light sources and light receivers are installed along the outer perimeter of the channel, which are a range of charge-coupled devices - “CCD sensors” connected to the OSP optical signal processor connected to the SDP data processing unit. All SDP units are connected to the CU communication unit, which is also connected to the computer. The transparent area of the pipe and the sensors are surrounded by a casing to protect it from outside light. Each CCD sensor has a recording sector that overlaps the recording sectors of neighboring CCD sensors. The light source is a continuous chain of LEDs that span 1/8 of the circumference of the pipe.

As one fish enters the channel, one of the light sources starts to glow for a short period of time, and oppositely located CCD sensors record data. After that, turn on another light source and record data from other CCD sensors. Thus, recording continues sequentially around the circumference of the tubular channel. At the same time, CCD sensors record not only transmitted light, but also light reflected from fish.

The OSB processor controls the light sources and CCD sensors, and also performs their activation as information is recorded about the position and profile of the fish. SDP blocks record and process data from OSP. The CU receives data from all SDPs for processing. Data is then transferred to a computer via a network or via a USB port. The computer processes the data to determine the number of fish, the volume and speed of movement of each fish or groups of fish and their weight.

The listed optical fish counting devices cannot be used on rivers with complex hydrology, since all of them provide for the presence of measuring channels or frames through which the fish pass. Such canals or frames are located in the riverbed, during operation they can be blocked or damaged by floating logs, branches or other objects. In the course of the mass fish passage to spawn, a significant number of channels are necessary for its passage, which increases the overall dimensions and weight of the entire system. Moreover, the number of channels must also be selected taking into account periodic changes in the depth of the river. Their installation requires significant time and material costs.

There are television systems [13-17] that also perform fish counting in measuring channels or transparent pipes.

In the patent [13], a device is proposed for the quantitative accounting of juvenile fish released from outgrowth ponds, comprising an accounting channel, a television sensor, an analyzer of geometric image parameters on the plane of the bottom of the accounting channel, and a logic unit.

The analyzer of geometric parameters of images of objects recognizes the image of juvenile fish on the plane of the registration tray among the images of those objects that move in the stream of water along with the young. As a sign of recognition of juveniles from non-fish objects, a difference in the geometric parameters of their images, area parameters, or image shape coefficients is used.

Young fish moves with a stream of water through the registration channel, a cross section that is in one place scanned by a television sensor operating in a single-line scan mode. Scanning of images in the longitudinal direction is carried out due to the movement of juvenile fish and foreign objects with a stream of water. Video pulses from the output of the television sensor go to the input of the analyzer of geometric parameters of images, which determines the image parameters of each object. The averaged values of geometrical parameters, such as area, perimeter or shape factor of images of juvenile fish and foreign objects differ from each other. The obtained parameters are compared with the predefined intervals of the parameter values of the images of juvenile fish and, according to the results of the comparison, they give signals to the counting unit generating counting pulses, the number of which is equal to the number of objects whose geometric parameters correspond to the geometric parameters of the images of young fish.

In the patent [14], a device for the quantitative accounting of juvenile fish is proposed, in which, in comparison with the device according to the patent [13], additional selection of fish species is performed. To achieve this goal, an analyzer of momentary image inventors is connected to the output of the television sensor and to the second input of the counting logic circuit.

In the patent [15], a device for the quantitative accounting of juvenile fish is proposed, in which the accuracy of the count is increased compared to the device according to the patent [13]. To do this, the device is additionally equipped with: a water flow rate sensor and a flow rate controller located in the metering channel, while the output of the water flow rate sensor is connected to the inputs of the flow rate controller and to a television sensor. The water flow rate sensor measures the magnitude of the water flow rate in the metering channel, and generates a signal that arrives at the television sensor and changes the scanning frequency. In addition, this signal can be applied to the flow rate controller, which changes the flow rate of the water flow through the accounting channel.

In the patent [16] a device for counting and measuring the size of fish carried by water in a transparent pipe is proposed. Counting and measurement is carried out using a video camera connected to a computer that performs image analysis. To eliminate distortions of objects located inside the pipe, the thickness of the material of the pipe walls is such that a light beam directed across the pipe and tangent to the pipe’s inner wall is completely reflected when it hits the pipe’s outer surface. The experiments with the linear scanning camera showed good results when measuring shadow areas on objects illuminated from the opposite side of the pipe.

In the patent [17], a device is proposed that calculates with high accuracy populations of organisms such as shrimp, fish and other objects. The device has inclined channels with water flowing into them. In the counting section located in the middle of the inclined channel, the organisms are recorded by a video camera. A lighting mechanism is located on the rear side of the surface of the counting portion, which orthogonally irradiates the counting portion with white scattering light. The signals from the video cameras are sent to the processing unit, where the obtained images are analyzed and the images of the passing fish, counted in the counting unit, are selected.

The prospectus [18] presents the design of a fish counter that uses the principles of technical vision and is designed to automatically count fish and its biomass passing through the pipeline during sorting and shipment at fish farms. Video analysis is used at a frequency of 25 frames per second. The counter is implemented on the modern hardware platform DE1-SoC (FPGA + ARM) Altera. The meter counts with an accuracy of 98% and has a throughput of up to 10 fish / s.

In [19], a fish video counter was proposed that performs the analysis of two-dimensional images from a video camera. The design of the fish counter consists of a closed housing in which are located:

- a transparent pipe made of organic glass, in which the fish passes;

- block LED flat uniform illumination;

- a video camera installed in the upper part of the housing;

- computing unit for video analysis;

- a touch screen mounted in the upper part of the housing.

In cases where there is fish walking on top of each other, a rubber stop is provided at the entrance of the counter in order to remove the fish from the “second floor”. An analog dome camera of the PAL standard with a resolution of 720 × 576 pixels was selected as a video camera. Greater resolution is not required, since the fish in the image is quite large. The diameter of the pipe can vary from 160 to 200 mm, depending on the required range of fish sizes.

From the analysis of experimental video recordings, it was concluded that the used frame rate of 25 Hz will ensure the selection of fish in the video image when it passes at a speed of up to 5-8 m / s. The basis of the algorithm for counting passing fish was the following sequence of operations: highlighting pixels by brightness, combining pixels into connected areas, analysis and tracking of connected areas. When counting, as soon as the fish moves away from the left border of the frame, its area and length are calculated, then the number of fish in the connected area is estimated in accordance with its area and length, and the count is incremented. The error in counting fish is less than 1% when passing through the pipe with a speed of no more than 3 m / s and a volume of up to 5 fish / s and with a deviation of the weight of the fish from the average value of not more than ± 20%.

The devices proposed in patents [13-17] and works [18, 19] use a television camera to count the number of fish, as well as to determine their parameters - sizes, weight and others. The camera, in comparison with other sensors, allows you to obtain additional data about the passing fish. However, the presence in these devices of measuring channels or transparent pipes through which the movement of fish is performed does not allow the use of these devices on rivers with complex hydrology.

Since fish mass migration to spawning takes place over a long period of time, for example, for sockeye salmon from mid-July to early September [20], and these channels or frames for measurements must be placed in river beds, they may be clogged during operation or damaged by floating logs, branches or other objects. The number of fish passing per day can reach 350 thousand specimens [20], and for its passage it is necessary to install a significant number of channels, which increases the overall dimensions and weight of the entire system. Moreover, the number of channels must also be selected taking into account periodic changes in the depth of the river. The installation of channels for their long-term reliable maintenance-free operation requires significant time and material costs.

Fish counting is also possible using photographs or videos obtained during aerial reconnaissance of fish [21-23]. This type of counting is non-contact, the device for obtaining information - the video camera is located outside the channel of the controlled reservoir, which is an advantage compared to the devices previously considered. Analysis of the obtained video materials can be performed during or after the flight using computing devices and special software packages [24-25].

However, aerial reconnaissance of fish can only be carried out periodically, its results refer only to limited time intervals, and cannot continuously monitor and count passing fish. The cost of one hour of flight in 2009 was about 90 thousand rubles. [23], which limited the number of hours of aerial reconnaissance. In addition, it was noted in [21] that, in order to perform fish counting during aerial exploration, certain weather conditions must be fulfilled. The optimal time for observations is from 8-9 hours to 16-17 hours. In most cases, in August and even in the first half of September, observations are possible until 17-18 hours, after which shadows from the coast and coastal vegetation sharply worsen the visibility of fish. Favorable weather conditions are: horizontal visibility not less than 10 km, wind speed not more than 10 m / s., No clouds, or the presence of 4-5-point clouds. With a completely cloudless sky, solar glare on the water interferes with aero-visual work. Interference to one degree or another is eliminated by moving the aircraft in relation to the reservoir and selecting the appropriate angle of view relative to the sun and the object of observation. An observer who is not armed with an optical device can usually distinguish objects from a working flight altitude that are larger than 0.002 times the flight altitude. In accordance with this, the maximum flight altitude above the water surface is chosen no more than 250 m for the detection of fish, for example, salmon with a length of more than 0.5 m. The visibility of the fish depends not only on weather conditions, speed and flight altitude, but also on the state of the water surface, its transparency and color, topography of the bottom of the reservoir and its color, on the nature of the vegetation along the banks of the river, on the time of day and on the depth at which the fish is located. Therefore, fish observations during aerial reconnaissance are possible only periodically, in the presence of certain sunlight, in the absence of significant excitement, which limits the operational capabilities of this method and the apparatus devices implementing it.

In this regard, it is urgent to develop a device for long-term continuous counting of fish passing for spawning in rivers with complex hydrology, which are most of the rivers of Sakhalin, Kamchatka, the Caucasus and other regions.

The prototype of the claimed device is a device for counting fish, containing a video camera located above the water and connected to the processing and counting units connected in series [21-23].

These blocks and communications of the prototype are used in the inventive device.

The main objective of the invention is the development of a device for long-term continuous counting of fish passing for spawning in shallow rivers with complex hydrology. Moreover, such a device should work autonomously, without the constant presence of the operator.

The technical result of the claimed invention lies in the possibility of performing long-term continuous counting of fish passing in shallow rivers with complex hydrology.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for counting fish containing a video camera located above the water and connected to a processing unit and a counting unit connected in series, in addition, a tape is located at the bottom of the video cameras across the river, the color of which contrasts with the color of the recorded fish and the bottom of the river, the tape contains optical emitting elements connected to the processing unit; the number of video cameras n is chosen so that they can be used to view the entire width of the river.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the inventive device in a preferred embodiment, FIG. 2 - a variant of the location of the cameras.

The device for counting fish contains n video cameras (1-1, 1-2 ... 1-n) located above the water surface 2 of a controlled section of the river; at the bottom of the river 3 within the visibility range of the cameras, there is a tape 4 oriented across the river; the color characteristics of the tape contrast with the color parameters of the recorded fish, and also contrast with the color parameters of the river bottom; the tape also contains optical emitting elements 5 connected to the processing unit 6, which is also connected to the account unit 7 and to video cameras (1-1, 1-2 ... 1-n).

The number of video cameras n is chosen so that with their help it would be possible to view the entire maximum width L of the river. The height of the cameras above the water surface H is chosen mainly within 2-5 meters based on design considerations and the parameters of the cameras. The higher the cameras are located, the greater the width of the viewing sector R will be, but the smaller the sizes of the observed elements in the frame will be. One embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, is the strengthening of the cameras on the cross member 8, mounted on racks 9, which can also be used as trees and elements of natural relief. Cross member 8 can be a rigid beam or a system of cables stretched between struts 9 or elements of the mountainous topography of the coasts.

Consider the option of calculating the number of cameras for monitoring a river section with a width of L = 10 m. We use cameras with a matrix size of A = 1/3 inch and a lens with a focal length of F = 4 mm. The viewing sector width R will be [26]

R = H * A / F = 2.116 * H

With the height of the cameras N = 3 m, we get R ≈ 6 m and it is necessary to use n = L / R = 1.67 cameras. We round up, and we get the number of video cameras n = 2 with overlapping sections between the cameras and with a margin of about 1 m along the edges. With a small river width, one video camera can be used.

For long-term normal operation of the device, the cameras and its other elements must be protected from atmospheric and unauthorized influences.

Consider the operation of the device for the option when there is no tape located on the bottom of the river in the control zone of the cameras. In this case, swimming fish will be recorded by video cameras against the bottom and after processing the video frames in processing block 6 according to the algorithms presented, for example, in [24–25], it will be counted in block 7.

As shown in [20–23] and in a number of other works, the results obtained, however, will largely depend on the parameters of solar illumination, on weather conditions, as well as on the transparency of water, the structure of the bottom, and the thickness of the changing water layer. The analysis of photographs of fish of different breeds located in water bodies with different bottom parameters showed that in many cases visually the fish almost completely merges with the bottom structure, and its isolation against the background of the bottom surface is associated with significant difficulties.

Therefore, it is proposed that in the monitoring zone of the cameras at the bottom of the river 3, a tape 5 be placed across the river in the transverse direction. Moreover, the color characteristics of the tape contrast with the color parameters of the recorded fish, and also contrast with the color parameters of the bottom. The tape can be solid or perforated, with the presence of color-contrasting lines or separate areas with different sizes and colors. The tape may be flat or three-dimensional, with smooth surfaces, or having protruding parts of various colors. At the bottom of the tape, there may be recessed elements holding the tape, for example, on a sandy or pebble bottom. The structure of the tape may also contain pockets and cavities where artificial or natural weighting agents are placed: boulders, pebbles and others. The fastening of the tape at the bottom can also be carried out using additional elements not shown in the drawing. The width of the tape is preferably selected within 30-80 cm. The tape can be made on the basis of plastic, synthetic fabric, or can be made up of a set of elements of different materials.

When the fish passes over the ribbon, it will clearly stand out against its background, which will ensure error-free registration of fish and counting its number.

To ensure registration of fish under low light conditions, as well as at night, emitting optical elements 5 are placed in the tape, for example, LEDs that emit radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet spectral ranges can be used. The glow of the elements 5 can be continuous or pulsed with different frequencies, pulse durations and pauses. The glow parameters of the optical elements 5 (spectrum, intensity, and others) are selected by the operator or programmatically when the device is pre-configured after it is installed on a controlled section of the river. They can also be periodically adjusted during operation. The optical elements 5 are preferably arranged in the tape in the form of one or more longitudinal strips with distances between the elements in the longitudinal direction within 10-50 cm, so that when the fish passes over the tape, several elements are sequentially shaded. Knowing the distances between the elements, as well as the time intervals between their shading, programmatically calculate the length and other parameters of the passing fish.

To power the elements of the inventive device, it also provides a power supply unit (not shown in FIG. 1), which is a mandatory unit for all electronic devices. The power supply unit can be implemented according to various functional schemes, quite fully described in numerous specialized literature [27]. The primary sources of current can be batteries, solar panels, or flowing mini power plants located in the river [28].

The glow of the optical emitting elements 5 can be performed continuously, or they can be turned on only in low light. For this, the processing unit 6 may include a sensor (photodiode or another) that produces a signal depending on the level of illumination. It is also possible the inclusion of elements 5 at night, determined by the built-in clock of the processing unit 6.

The initial setting of the device operating modes is performed after its installation on a controlled section of the river. Consistently supply voltage to the elements 5, and adjust the parameters of these voltages (level, frequency and duration of flashes with pulsed power), achieving their clear registration by cameras. Then, the health of the entire system is checked by moving 4 control mock-ups of fish above the tape at various levels of ambient light, with lit and extinguished elements 5 and with other variations of the measurement conditions.

The adjustment of the operating modes of the device can be performed during its operation programmatically, or periodically by the operator.

The practical implementation of the proposed system is not difficult. Standard video surveillance cameras can be used as video cameras, and industrial computer systems [29] and image processing programs considered, for example, in monographs [24-25] as processing and counting units.

Sources of information

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Claims (1)

A device for counting fish containing a video camera located above the water and connected to a processing unit and a counting unit connected in series, characterized in that a tape is located at the bottom of the video camera across the river, the color of the tape contrasts with the color of the recorded fish and the river bottom, the tape contains optical emitting elements connected to the processing unit, the number of video cameras n is chosen so that with their help it was possible to view the entire width of the river.

Images