RU2711759C2 - Hatch with quick-detachable cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, particularly, to quick-release hatch designs, and can be used in shipbuilding. Hatch with quick-release cover includes cover (2), hold-down (3) and fastening device, wrench for installation. Hatch has a ledge in depth equal to the cover thickness, and on the lower platform it is equipped with at least one sealing ring (1.1). Cover in the centre has a through hole, around which on the inner surface there is a cup with a through hole in the bottom. Clamping device has at least two clamping surfaces and nut (3.4), which is conjugated with lower surface of clamping device, or central hole with thread and nut (3.4), which is conjugated with lower surface of clamping device. In the cap of the cover there is a fastening element in the form of bolt (4.1) so that the cap is in the cap of the cover, the bolt passes through the central hole of the clamping device and the nut of the clamping device.EFFECT: invention provides reliability, tightness of safety and possibility of quick closing/opening of hatch.9 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, engineering and instrumentation, in particular to the designs of quick-detachable hatches of machines and apparatuses, which provides reliable and safe, without protruding parts, overlapping of individual elements of the object in its inaccessible places where sealing is required.

The invention allows for complete sealing of the facility and technological and simple operation.

Analogs

It is known to use a hatch for sealing a large diameter manhole without significantly increasing the time for removal (installation) of the cover. Patent SU 1655839 A1 was published on June 15, 1991 (quick-release manhole), including the cover and fasteners in the form of nuts.

The disadvantage of this solution is that when it is installed along the entire diameter of the hatch, clamping bolts (2) are used, which must be rotated alternately, lowering the clamp to the edging, tightening these bolts, deforming the gasket, sealing the joint.

Patent for invention SU 633768 A1 is also known, published on 11/25/1978 "Quick-release valve", which is a quick-release valve for a container, containing a screw fixed to the cover with a nut equipped with rods, each of which is associated with a gripper interacting with the flange of the container being closed.

The disadvantage of this solution is that this shutter opens / closes the lid by rotating the helm protruding above the lid, which reduces the possibility of its use in various applications, in addition, the protruding part when used on a surface, such as a deck, will be an obstacle to work on the deck.

Disclosure of the invention.

The objective of the claimed invention is to develop the design of the hatch with a quick-release lid, due to which the lid should be quick-detachable, close the hatch would be tight, when closed, the lid would be flush with the deck and had no protruding parts, while the design of the hatch and lid should be simple.

1. Отверстие с захлопывающейся крышкой в палубе корабля, через которое проникают в трюм (мор.). Толковый словарь Ушакова), например, выполненного в палубе судна (1).The solution to this problem is carried out due to the design of the hatch with a cover (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The drawings show the hatch and quick-detachable manhole cover suitable for the diameter of the hatch ¹ (1 Hatch -

1. A hole with a slam lid in the deck of the ship, through which penetrate into the hold (sea). Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov), for example, performed in the deck of a vessel (1).

To implement the claimed solution, the hatch, for example, made in the deck of the vessel (1) must have a step equal in depth to the thickness of the lid (2). The step can be made directly during the execution of the hatch (Fig. 4), or the hatch is additionally equipped with a clamping ring (1.1) (Fig. 1, 5) having an inner diameter less than the diameter of the hatch (Fig. 5). The pressure ring (1.1) is connected to the deck (1) by welding.

On the lower platform, the ledge of the hatch is equipped with at least one o-ring (1.1.1) (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5) made, for example, of a rubber cord, and in a profile section may have a square or round shape (Fig. 4 , 5). Due to the sealing ring (1.1.1), the hatch cover (2) tightly adjoins and seals the connection of the cover with the lower platform of the hatch ledge.

The manhole cover includes external and internal parts, interconnected by means of a fastener.

The outer part consists of a cover (2) in the center of which a through hole is made (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 7) on the inner surface around the central hole, the cover has a glass (Fig. 7) with a through hole in the bottom. It should be noted that the lid (2) with the glass can be made integral with the glass of FIG. 7, for example, by casting. The glass (2.2) can also be made as a single part of FIG. 8 and connected to the lid (2), while the implementation of the glass can be carried out, for example, by turning or molding. Also in the particular case of the execution of the glass, can be made integral, in the form of interconnected bushings (2.1) and the cover of the sleeve (2.1.1) (Fig. 1, 2). It should be noted that the connection of the glass with the cover (2), and the connection of the sleeve (2.1) with the cover of the sleeve (2.1.1) is carried out by welding.

The inner part consists of a clamping device (3) with a central hole, and at least two clamping surfaces (3.1), while the hole may have a thread and / or nut (3.4) mated to the bottom surface of the clamping device.

It should be noted that the implementation of the clamping device (3) on the lower surface around the central hole paired with the nut (3.4) is an optimal structural embodiment and makes it easier to tighten and loosen the bolt (4).

In the particular case of execution, the clamping device can have three clamping surfaces and in a top view have a Y-shaped shape or have 4 clamping surfaces and in a top view have an X-shaped shape (Fig. 3).

In the particular case of execution, the clamping device (3) can be made integral, consisting of at least two clamping elements (3.1) connected to the sleeve (3.2) (Fig. 1, 2, 3). In the particular case of execution, consist of 3 clamping elements (3.1) connected to the sleeve (3.2) and in the top view have a Y-shaped shape or consist of 4 clamping elements (3.1) and in the top view have an X-shaped. It should be noted that as a connection of the clamping elements (3.1) with the sleeve in the claimed solution is carried out by welding.

The fastening element connecting the manhole cover (2) and the inner part in the form of a clamping device (3) also acts as an element for fixing the manhole cover to the manhole itself.

The fastener consists of a bolt (4.1) with a thread inserted through the hole in the cover and through the hole in the cover glass, so that the head is in the cover glass (Fig. 1, 2), then the bolt passes through the central hole of the clamping device and the nut (3.4) clamping device (3).

In the particular case of execution, the fixing bolt at the end may have a travel lock (4.3). Aimed at preventing the complete unscrewing of the bolt from the central hole of the clamping device and / or nut (3.4) of the clamping device (3) during operation.

A bolt ring, a nut with a stroke limiter, a cotter pin inserted into the hole can act as a travel lock (4.2).

In this case, the latch in the form of a cotter pin allows you to disassemble the structure if necessary.

When installing the fixing bolt (4.1) between the bottom of the cover glass (2) and the bolt head to ensure tightness, the claimed solution includes a gasket (4.2) and a washer (4.3).

As a gasket, a rubber gasket or made of fluoroplastic can act. The preferred use of fluoroplastic gaskets in view of the material's resistance to wear.

In the particular case of the execution of the claimed solution on the lid (2), a stopper (2.4) for the movement of the pressing device (3) is provided on the inside.

The stop (2.4) can be made U-shaped (Fig. 10, 11), in which the clamping element (3.2) is placed and is kept from scrolling when the bolt (4.1) is rotated.

To install the hatch of the claimed solution in the hatch and seal the hatch, the hatch is installed so that the lid is located on the lower platform of the ledge of the hatch, and the clamping device inside the hatch. When the fixing bolt (4.1) rotates in the direction of twisting, the cover is pressed to the lower platform of the ledge of the hatch, while the pressing device (3), pressing surfaces (3.1) is pressed to the opposite side of the ledge and / or pressure ring (1.1). In this case, the o-ring (1.1.1) and gasket (4.2) seal the connection of the hatch cover (2) with the hatch in the deck (1).

The rotation of the bolt is carried out using a wrench with a head corresponding to the size and shape of the head of the bolt (4.1).

In the particular case of execution, a specially made key consisting of a head and a handle is used to rotate the bolt.

In the particular case of execution, the key head can be equipped with two protrusions under which slots are made in the lid (2) along the edge of the central hole (Fig. 3).

These protrusions are designed to provide the ability to remove the cover from the hatch.

Also in the particular case of the key execution, its handle can be made T-shaped and has a height that allows you to remove the hatch cover structure without raising your hands with the key above the average user’s belt.

In addition, a handle may be provided on the top shelf of the T-handle for torsion convenience.

The claimed quick-detachable hatch in all versions can be made of steel and alloys of dense metal, according to its brand, of which the object itself is made.

As a result, the application of the claimed design of the hatch with a quick-release lid provides the possibility of quick and easy closing / opening as well as sealing of the hatch, due to a single mechanism, namely twisting and unscrewing of just one bolt, while the hatch in the closed state is obtained flush with the deck and does not interferes with work on the deck.

Brief description of the images:

Note: All images show a particular case of the claimed solution.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a hatch;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the hatch in a side view in a closed sealed state;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a hatch;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the connection of the edge of the hatch with the lid (B);

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a variant of connecting the edge of the hatch with a clamping ring and with a cover (B);

FIG. 6 is an enlarged image of the connection of the cap of the bolt with the bottom of the glass;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a cover uniform with a glass;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a lid with a glass as a separate part;

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a pressing device;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a pressing device;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a clamping device of a Y-shaped top view;

FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of a stopper;

FIG. 13 is a schematic front view of a stopper;

Description of structural elements:

1 - deck;

1.1 - clamping ring;

1.1.1 - a sealing ring;

2 - manhole cover;

2.1 - cover sleeve;

2.1.1 - sleeve cover;

2.2 - a glass;

2.3 - emphasis;

2.4 - stopper;

3 - clamping device;

3.1 - clamping surface;

3.2 - clamping element;

3.3 - sleeve;

3.4 - nut;

4 - fastener;

4.1 - a bolt;

4.2 - gasket;

4.3 - washer;

Implementation of the claimed decision:

A hatch with a step is made in the deck of the vessel, equal in depth to the thickness of the cover (2), and on the lower platform the step is equipped with at least one o-ring (1.1.1) (Fig. 1, 2,). A cover assembly with an untwisted bolt is installed in the hatch, namely, the cover (2) is located on the lower platform of the ledge of the hatch, and the clamping device inside the hatch (Fig. 1, 2). Further, to close and seal the hatch, the key is lowered into the through hole of the lid into the glass and rotated, the fixing bolt (4.1) in the tightening side. The cover (2) is pressed against the lower platform of the ledge of the hatch, while the clamping device (3), the clamping surfaces (3.1) is connected to the opposite side of the ledge. In this case, the o-ring (1.1.1) and gasket (4.2) seal the connection of the hatch cover (2) with the hatch in the deck (1) (Fig. 1). After complete closure, the key is removed from the opening of the cover.

To open the hatch, the key is lowered into the through hole of the lid into the glass and rotated, the fixing bolt (4.1) in the unscrewing side, the lid with the clamping device is moved apart, and if necessary, the lid is assembled out of the hatch.

In the particular case of execution, the step of the hatch is performed by installing from the inside a clamping ring (1.1) (Fig. 1, 5) having an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the hatch (Fig. 5). The connection of the clamping ring (1.1) with the deck (1) is carried out, for example, by a weld.

In the particular case of execution, a special key is used, the head of which is equipped with two protrusions for which slots are made in the lid (2) along the edge of the central hole (Fig. 3). In this case, the key is lowered into the glass, combining the protrusions on the head with the slots in the lid, closing / opening and sealing / depressurization of the hatch. At the same time, when opening the hatch, before the key is removed from the glass of the lid, the key is turned so that the holes on the lid and the protrusion on the key head do not coincide, then the lid is pulled out to the top by moving it to the top. Then combine the protrusions on the head, with slots in the cover and remove the key.

Claims (9)

1. A hatch with a quick-release lid, including a lid, a clamping and fixing device, an installation key, characterized in that the hatch has a step equal to the thickness of the lid in depth and is equipped with at least one o-ring on the lower platform, the lid in the center has a through hole around which on the inner surface there is a glass with a through hole in the bottom, the clamping device has at least two clamping surfaces and a nut mating with the bottom surface of the clamping device, or a central hole with a thread and a nut mating with the bottom surface of the clamping device, a fastener in the form of a bolt is located in the lid glass so that the hat is in the lid glass, the bolt passes through the central hole of the presser device and the nut of the presser device, has a gasket and washer between the bottom of the lid glass and the hat bolts. 2. The hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the hatch for receiving the step is equipped with a clamping ring having an inner diameter less than the diameter of the hatch. 3. The hatch under item 1, characterized in that the glass is made integral in the form of interconnected bushings and bushings. 4. The hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping device in the top view has a Y-shape or has four clamping surfaces and in the top view has an X-shape. 5. The hatch under item 1 or 4, characterized in that the clamping device is made integral, consisting of clamping elements connected by welding with a sleeve. 6. The hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the travel lock is made in the form of a ring mated with a bolt or a nut with a travel stop. 7. The hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasket is made of rubber or fluoroplastic. 8. The hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid on the inside is equipped with a U-shaped stopper for movement of the pressure device located at a distance from the center of the lid. 9. The hatch according to claim 1, characterized in that the key head is equipped with at least two protrusions, and the lid along the edge of the central hole has slots.

Images