RU2701806C1 - Active antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: antenna equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering and specifically to antennas and emitters of electromagnetic field in active antenna arrays. Disclosed active antenna array comprises a receiving/transmitting device, feeders, a conducting screen and radiating elements arranged above said screen. Conducting screen is in form of a three-dimensional array of sections of out-of-limit waveguides, the walls of which are made from a dielectric substrate having a solid conductive coating on at least one side.

EFFECT: design of the antenna array enables to substantially reduce or completely eliminate the use of cables inside the receiving/transmitting device and in feeders, wherein unidirectional nature of reception and radiation of signals, as well as possibility of arrangement and efficient forced air cooling of elements of receiving/transmitting device is provided.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, and more particularly to antennas and emitters of an electromagnetic field in active antenna arrays.

There are various modifications of printed antennas [UDC 621.396.67, "Antennas and microwave devices" edited by D.I. Voskresensky, Moscow, "Radio and Communications", 1994, p. 51, 52]. In the simplest embodiment, the antenna is a disk located above a conductive screen on a thin dielectric substrate. The disk is excited using two pins, to which energy can be supplied using either a coaxial feeder or a strip line located on the opposite side of the screen. The pins are excited out of phase, which ensures maximum radiation in the direction normal to the plane of the screen. The use of two pairs of pins located in perpendicular planes and excited with a phase shift of 90 degrees makes it possible to obtain circular polarization of the radiation field. Studies show that printed emitters are well matched in the 12% frequency band. However, in some cases, bipolarisation emitters operating in the octave or, even in the multi-octave frequency band are required.

The well-known "Broadband bipolarization antenna" [RF Patent No. 2557478, IPC H01Q 1/36, published: 07/20/2015 Bull. No. 20], containing feeders, a conductive screen and a radiating element located above it. In the known device, the area of the conductive screen located under the radiating element decreases with increasing range of operating frequencies. This is due both to a decrease in the linear dimensions of the radiating element with an increase in the operating frequency range, and to the necessity of fulfilling the conditions for limiting the maximum step of the phased array antenna, associated with the danger of the appearance of diffraction maxima in the antenna radiation pattern.

This step should be no more than half the wavelength of the shortest wavelength radiation [UDC 621.396.67, "Antennas and microwave devices" edited by D.I. Voskresensky, Moscow, Radio and Communications, 1994, p. 186]. When designing an antenna array with a large number of elements on the surface of the dielectric substrate opposite to the conductive screen, feeders and elements of the receiving / transmitting devices are arranged. The conductive screen in this case performs the additional function of removing heat generated by the elements of the receiving / transmitting device.

When designing a short-wave antenna array, the surface area of the dielectric substrate and the conducting screen may not be sufficient to accommodate feeders, elements of the receiving / transmitting device, and removing and dissipating the heat generated by them. In addition, the presence in the design of the antenna of a continuous conductive screen makes it difficult to force air cooling of the elements of the receiving / transmitting device.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in an active antenna array containing a receiving / transmitting device, feeders, a conductive screen and radiating elements located above it, the conductive screen is made in the form of a three-dimensional array of segments of transcendent waveguides. In this case, the feeders and elements of the receiving / transmitting device can be located on the walls of the transcendental waveguides.

The technical result consists in the fact that in the proposed design of the active antenna array, the conductive screen, made in the form of a three-dimensional structure of segments of transcendental waveguides, has an almost unlimited surface area due to the third dimension. It becomes possible to increase it to values sufficient to place the elements of the receiving / transmitting device on it and cooling them. The internal volume of each of the transverse waveguides can be used as a channel for additional supply of cooling air. Moreover, in the proposed design of the antenna array, the unidirectionality of the radiation and reception of signals is preserved.

In addition, the presence of the conductive walls and the transcendental nature of the waveguide, in which the elements of the receiving / transmitting device are located, contribute to the shielding and ensuring the stability of the receiving / transmitting device.

The figure 1 shows the design of the active antenna array.

The design of the proposed active antenna array contains elements of a receiving / transmitting device 1, feeders 2, a conductive screen 3 and radiating elements 4 located above it. The conductive screen 3 in the proposed design is made in the form of a three-dimensional array of segments of transcendental waveguides 5. The walls of transcendental waveguides 5 are made of dielectric substrate 6 having at least one side a continuous conductive coating 7, for example, of copper. The sides of the dielectric substrate 6 having a continuous conductive coating 7 form transcendental waveguides 5.

The other side of the dielectric substrate 6 may not have a continuous conductive coating and is used to place on it the elements of the receiving / transmitting device 1 and the layer of conductors connecting these elements, for example, microstrip or coplanar transmission lines.

To test the operability of the proposed design of the active antenna array, a prototype containing five bipolarization emitters was manufactured and tested. Tests of the layout confirmed the unidirectional nature of the reception and radiation of the active antenna array and the possibility of placement and effective forced air cooling of the elements of the receiver / transmitter.

Claims (1)

An active antenna array containing a receiving / transmitting device, feeders, a conductive screen and radiating elements located above it, characterized in that the conductive screen is made in the form of a three-dimensional array of segments of transcendental waveguides, the walls of which are made of a dielectric substrate having at least one sides continuous conductive coating.

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