RU2664596C1 - Amphibian apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft. Amphibian apparatus includes fuselage (1), upper screw group comprising air screws (2) and located in a plane above the fuselage, lower screw group comprising propellers (3) and located in a plane below fuselage (1). Air screws (2) with engines (7) located beneath them, upper part of the fuselage, as well as upper ends of vertical support posts (5) are attached to the horizontal bearing beams. Propellers (3) with engines above them, lower part of the fuselage, middle parts of the vertical support posts are attached to other horizontal bearing beams (4). Vertical support posts (5) are attached to the ends of the horizontal support beams at right angles to form closed contours, while chassis (6) made in the form of disks are located in the lower part of the support posts, and the fuselage has a streamlined shape.

EFFECT: invention simplifies the design.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of vehicles capable of moving in air and under water.

A well-known amphibious helicopter, which contains a monoplane with a high wing of small elongation, on the consoles of which are mounted two rotary annular channels equipped with turning units and screws, creating a vertical and corresponding horizontal deviation thrust, and equipped with gearboxes of screws that are connected by connecting shafts to the main a reducer driven by a power plant including two engines mounted in nacelles on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage and equipped with synchronization with the steering shaft and gas rudders of track and longitudinal control mounted at the end of the tail boom, tail unit and tricycle landing gear, retractable in the bow compartment, and sealed side compartments. A helicopter-amphibious aircraft has the ability to convert in helicopter flight modes from one to three-screw 2 + 1 tier scheme and vice versa or in airplane flight modes from mono to biplane scheme and vice versa. The main gearbox is equipped with a vertical shaft with a two-blade central rotor, the blades of which have endings, forming it into an S-shaped plan. One of its blades is made with the possibility of changing the installation angle, allowing the blade to flip in the vertical plane at the moment of its location along the longitudinal axis of the fuselage in the rear part, for converting a two-bladed main rotor into a wing that has tips that give it a planar shape in the form of a bracket, and back. The vertical shaft is equipped with an additional drive that provides a fixed rotation in the horizontal plane and the installation of the wing perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage relative to its trailing edge (patent RU2310583, IPC B64C 37/00, published on November 20, 2007).

The known device is not an amphibian in the full sense of the word, since it is not able to move under water.

A flying submarine is known, which includes a hull with wings, engines, ballast tanks, a propeller and a cover over the hatch of the hull, a lid pivotally connected to a movable strut, acts in two ways: on the one hand, like an ordinary lid, and on the other , - as an additional wing, carrying out lifting, turning and landing by turning a small angle up, sideways and down (patent RU2390429, IPC B60F 5/02, published on 05.27.2010).

 The disadvantage is the complicated design.

The objective of the invention is to provide a vehicle capable of moving in air and under water.

The technical result is the ability of the apparatus to move in the air and in the water column, passing from one mode to another using vertical take-off and landing, as well as vertical immersion and ascent.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by an amphibious apparatus including a fuselage, an upper screw group containing at least two left and right rotation propellers and located in a plane above the fuselage, a lower screw group containing at least two left and right rotation propellers and located in planes under the fuselage, a pair of horizontal load-bearing beams of the upper screw group, to which propellers are attached with engines located under them, the upper part of the fuselage, the upper ends are vertical support pillars, as well as a pair of horizontal support beams of the lower screw group, to which propellers with engines located above them are attached, the lower part of the fuselage, the middle parts of the vertical support pillars, and the vertical support pillars are attached to the ends of the horizontal support beams at right angles with the formation closed circuits, while in the lower part of the support racks there are chassis made in the form of disks, and the fuselage has a streamlined shape.

According to the invention:

- the fuselage is equipped with an entrance porthole;

- the horizontal load-bearing beams of each pair are connected crosswise;

- the components of the apparatus can be attached to each other by welding, thread rivets or clamps;

- the fuselage has the shape of a ball.

- the number of screws of the upper screw group is 4 and the number of screws of the lower screw group is 4, while the number of screws of the right rotation in each group is 2 and the number of screws of the left rotation in each group is 2.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show the claimed apparatus amphibian:

figure 1 is a perspective view,

figure 2 is a top view

figure 3 is a bottom view,

figure 4 is a side view.

The apparatus includes a fuselage 1 (mainly in the form of a ball for the greatest resistance to external water pressure after immersion), an upper screw group containing at least two propellers 2 and located in a plane above the fuselage, a lower screw group containing at least two propellers 3 and located in a plane under the fuselage, horizontal load-bearing beams 4, vertical support legs 5, chassis 6, made in the form of disks, engines 7, position 8 indicates a porthole.

An amphibious aircraft operates as follows (the work is disclosed for the case when the number of propellers is 4 and the number of propellers is 4).

Movement in the air - flight is carried out using propellers 2, creating a vertical thrust from the bottom up. Movement in water - swimming is carried out with the help of propellers 3, creating a vertical draft from top to bottom, since the device must have negative buoyancy. Negative buoyancy is mandatory for the safety of the device and the pilot. In the event of a technical malfunction under water or exceeding the permissible immersion depth, the propellers 3 are turned off automatically or manually, and the Archimedean force pushes the apparatus out of the water to the surface.

The transition from flight to swimming occurs as follows: the device reaches the point of immersion, sits on the water, turns off the propellers 2, turns on the propellers 3, immerses in water. The transition from swimming to flight is as follows: the device turns off the propellers 3, floats to the surface due to negative buoyancy, turns on the propellers 2 and takes off.

Movement in the air. Movement of the apparatus upward is carried out by increasing the speed of all propellers 2. Movement of the apparatus downward is carried out by decreasing the speed of all propellers 2. Movement of the apparatus forward is carried out by increasing the speed of two rear propellers 2 or by lowering the speed of two front propellers 2. Movement of the apparatus backward increasing the speed of two front propellers 2 or lowering the speed of two rear propellers 2. Movement of the apparatus to the left This is achieved by increasing the rotational speed of two right propellers 2 or by lowering the rotational speed of two left propellers 2. Movement of the apparatus to the right is carried out by increasing the rotational speed of two left propellers 2 or by decreasing the rotational speed of two right propellers 2. Rotating the apparatus to the left by increasing the rotational speed of two air propellers left-handed rotational screws or by lowering the rotational speed of two right-handed propellers. The rotation of the apparatus to the right is carried out by increasing the speed of two right-handed propellers, or by lowering the speed of two left-handed propellers.

Movement in the water. The upward movement of the apparatus is carried out by lowering the rotational speed of all four propellers 3. The downward movement of the apparatus is carried out by increasing the rotational speed of all four propellers 3. The forward motion of the apparatus is carried out by increasing the rotational speed of two rear propellers 3 or by lowering the rotational speed of two front propellers 3. Movement of the apparatus backward is carried out by increasing the speed of two front propellers or lowering the speed of two rear propellers.

The movement of the apparatus to the left is carried out by increasing the rotational speed of two right propellers, or by lowering the rotational speed of two left propellers. The movement of the apparatus to the right is carried out by increasing the speed of two left propellers or by lowering the speed of two right propellers. Turning the apparatus to the left is carried out by increasing the speed of two propellers of left rotation or by lowering the frequency of rotation of two propellers of right rotation. The rotation of the apparatus to the right is carried out by increasing the speed of two propellers of the right rotation or by lowering the frequency of rotation of two propellers of the left rotation.

This unit can be used:

- for entertainment purposes, at sea resorts;

- to monitor marine life;

- in order to inspect the seabed and the underwater part of building structures and ships;

- for diving operations, when equipped with external manipulators floodlights.

Thus, the claimed apparatus is able to move in the air and in the water column, passing from one mode to another using vertical take-off and landing, as well as vertical immersion and ascent.

Claims (6)

1. Amphibious apparatus comprising a fuselage, an upper screw group containing at least two left and right rotation propellers and located in a plane above the fuselage, a lower screw group containing at least two left and right rotation propellers and located in a plane under the fuselage, a pair horizontal load-bearing beams of the upper screw group, to which propellers with engines located below them are attached, the upper part of the fuselage, the upper ends of the vertical support posts, as well as a pair of horizontal load-bearing an alcove of the lower screw group, to which the propellers with the engines located above them are attached, the lower part of the fuselage, the middle parts of the vertical support columns, the vertical support columns attached to the ends of the horizontal supporting beams at right angles with the formation of closed loops, while in the lower part of the support the racks are located chassis made in the form of disks, and the fuselage has a streamlined shape. 2. The amphibious apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuselage is equipped with an entrance hatch-porthole. 3. The amphibian apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal load-bearing beams of each pair are connected crosswise. 4. The amphibious apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the constituent parts of the apparatus can be attached to each other by welding, threading rivets or clamps. 5. The amphibious apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuselage has the shape of a ball. 6. The amphibious apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of screws of the upper screw group is 4 and the number of screws of the lower screw group is 4, while the number of screws of the right rotation in each group is 2 and the number of screws of the left rotation in each group is 2.

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