RU2658123C1 - System of remote control of the state of the atmosphere and ice cover in the north areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: control systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to systems for remote control of the environment. Essence: the system contains a control unit, a unit for determining coordinates by the satellite navigation system, a unit for determining the state of the atmosphere, block for determining the thickness of the ice cover, power supply unit installed in the thermostat case. At the same time, the system is equipped with satellites-retransmitters (9.1–9.3) of the satellite communication system, a transmitting device and a receiver of complex signals with phase manipulation. Transmitter consists of control unit (1), master oscillator (2), phase manipulator (3), local oscillator (4), mixer (5), amplifier (6) of the first intermediate frequency, power amplifier (7), transmit antenna (8). Receiver of complex signals with phase manipulation consists of receiving antenna (10), amplifier (11) of high frequency, local oscillator (12), mixer (13), low-pass filter (14), 90° phase shifter (16), multiplier (17), phase detector (18), recording and analysis unit (19).

EFFECT: increased reliability of monitoring the state of the atmosphere and the thickness of the ice cover.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of automated monitoring of the environment, namely, the state of the atmosphere and ice, while simultaneously determining the coordinates of the complex’s own location and transmitting the received information via a radio channel, and can be used as a means of environmental monitoring in the ice movement zone for safe navigation of vessels along the northern the sea route and ensuring the safety of oil and gas production and hydrotechnical infrastructure on the shelf and in the coastal zone in ice x seas and ice, including drifting.

Known systems and devices for remote monitoring of the state of the environment and ice cover in the northern regions (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1,788.487, 1.818.608; RF patents No. 2.158.008, 2.170.442, 2.196.347, 2.197.743 , 2,319.205, 2.251.128, 2.360.848, 2.404.442, 2.435.136, 2.449.326, 2.460.968, 2.467.347, 2.486.421, 2.526.222; US patents Nos. 3,449,950, 3.651 .345, 5.234.852, 6.137.437; EP patent No. 0.455.842 and others).

Of the known systems and devices, the closest to the proposed system is the "Measuring and navigation system mounted on ice" (RF patent No. 2,486.471, G01C 21/00, 2011), which is selected as a prototype.

The well-known complex provides an opportunity for monitoring the state of ice and the environment with simultaneous determination of the coordinates of the location of the complex, increasing safety during pilotage in ice.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability and reliability of remote monitoring of the atmosphere and ice in the northern regions through the use of satellite transponders and complex signals with phase shift keying.

The problem is solved by the fact that the system of remote monitoring of the atmosphere and ice cover in the northern regions, characterized, in accordance with the closest analogue, by the presence of a control unit installed in a single thermostatic housing, a satellite navigation coordinate determination unit, an atmosphere state determination unit connected to a transmitting device, as well as a power supply unit connected to power-consuming units, the control unit being configured to turn on the units distribution of coordinates for a satellite navigation system, determining the thickness of the ice cover and determining the state of the atmosphere, as well as the transmitting device for receiving the control signal, differs from the closest analogue in that it is equipped with satellite transmitters of the satellite communications system and a complex signal receiver with phase shift keying, and transmitting the device is made in the form of series-connected master oscillator, phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the control unit, per the second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, the amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, the power amplifier and the transmitting antenna, the receiver of complex signals with phase shift keying is made in the form of series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, the second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the first the output of the second local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier, and a phase detector, the second input of which is through a phase shifter atel 90 ° is connected to the second output of the second oscillator, and an output connected to the control input of the second local oscillator, low pass filter output connected to the input register and analysis unit.

The structural diagram of the proposed system is presented in FIG. 1. The block diagram of a classic receiver is shown in FIG. 2. A frequency diagram illustrating the formation of additional receive channels is shown in FIG. 3.

The transmitting device comprises serially connected control unit 1, a phase manipulator 3, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 2, the first mixer 5, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator 4, an amplifier 6 of the first intermediate frequency, a power amplifier 7 and a transmitting antenna 8 .

The phase-shift complex signal receiver contains a receiving antenna 10 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 11, a second mixer 13, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the second local oscillator 12, a low-pass filter 14, a multiplier 17, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-power amplifier 11 frequency and phase detector 18, the second input of which is connected through a phase shifter 16 through 90 ° to the second output of the second local oscillator 12, and the output is connected to the control input of the second local oscillator 12.

Phase shifter 16 by 90 °, multiplier 17 and phase detector 18 form a phase locked loop (PLL) of the second local oscillator 12.

A classical phase-shift complex signal receiver contains in series: a receiving antenna 20, a high-frequency amplifier 21, a mixer 23, a second input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 22, an intermediate-frequency amplifier 27, a phase doubler 25, a phase divider 26, a narrow-pass filter 28 , a phase detector 28, the second stroke of which is connected to the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier 24, and a recording unit 29.

The proposed system for remote monitoring of the state of the atmosphere and ice cover in the northern regions works as follows.

Formed complex with a charged battery from the helicopter is dumped on ice. Due to the use of the hull structure ("vanka-vstanka"), the hull is oriented with a heavy lower part towards the ice cover of the water area. After contact with ice, according to the control signal of the control unit, the anchor system is released from the body and melted by heating from the battery into the ice surface. After fixing the hull in the ice surface, the mast rises from the hull with a wind generator and sensors for temperature and humidity, as well as wind speed. Simultaneously with the use of the satellite navigation system, the geographical coordinates of the location of the complex are determined.

The developed measuring and navigation complex, installed on ice, contains a control unit installed in a single thermostatic housing, a satellite navigation coordinate determination unit, an atmosphere state determination unit, and a power supply unit connected to power-consuming units. The control unit may be based on a microprocessor. The unit for determining the coordinates of the satellite navigation system can be performed on the basis of satellite navigation systems GPS and GLONASS. As the power supply, a rechargeable battery, preferably configured to be rechargeable, can be used. The hull of the complex is mainly made with the possibility of installation from the side of an aircraft or a craft. It is made with a displaced center of gravity, which ensures vertical fixation of the complex on the ice. The housing may contain an anchor system melted into ice due to the action of the battery. The anchor system can be made in the form of a rod, melted into ice. In this case, the rod can be used as a means of measuring the thickness of the ice. In addition, one of the thermocouple elements can be fixed on the rod (the second element is located above the ice surface), while the electric charge generated by the thermocouple enters the battery. Also, to recharge the battery can be used a wind generator, mounted on a pull-out match, in the upper part of the body. The mast can also be used as an antenna of a transmitting device.

Depending on the operating conditions and the purpose of the complex, the control unit can be configured to include coordinate determination units using the satellite navigation system, determine the thickness of the ice cover and determine the state of the atmosphere.

Each used complex has its own individual code (identification number - ID), which is given in all radiograms sent by the complex. It is desirable that the control unit can also monitor the state of the battery with the transfer of information about its condition to a stationary monitoring post.

The developed complex provides the following functions:

- reception of signals from navigation satellite constellations;

- broadcasting (via satellite channels) of collected data online (at a given time);

- about own coordinate at present;

- about the thickness of the ice on which it is currently located;

- about wind speed, pressure, humidity and temperature.

The installation and use of complexes at a given distance provides the ability to create a network of information systems in a system for monitoring the movement of ice and its condition for the safe escort of vessels along the Northern Sea Route and to ensure the safety of oil and gas and hydraulic infrastructure facilities on the shelf and in the coastal zone in the arctic seas and in icy conditions cover, including drift.

The main feature of the system created by using ice-mounted complexes is the ability to provide accurate technical control of the ice state and its thickness, which allows using special software products to make an accurate forecast of the time and quality of formation of hummocks, ice displacement and formation of ice conditions impassable for the icebreaker fleet. .

The information obtained in the control unit 1 is translated into a numerical code M (t) and fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 3, to the second input of which a harmonic oscillation generated by the master oscillator 2 is supplied.

u _c (t) = U _c ⋅ Cos (ω _c t + ϕ _s ), 0≤t≤T _s ,

where U _c , ω _s , ϕ _s , T _s - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of harmonic oscillation.

The output of the phase manipulator 3 produces a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK)

u ₁ (t) = U _c ⋅ Cos [w _c t + ϕ _k (t) + ϕ _s ], 0≤t≤T _s ,

where ϕ _to (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated component of the phase, which displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M (t);

which is supplied to the first input of the first mixer 5, the second input of which is supplied with the voltage of the first local oscillator 4

U _g1 (t) = U _g1 ⋅ Cos (ω _g1 t + ϕ _g1 ).

At the output of the first mixer 5, voltages of combination frequencies are generated. Amplifier 6 distinguishes the voltage of the first intermediate frequency

U _CR1 (t) = U _{CR1 ⋅} Cos [w _CR1 t + ϕ _k (t) + ϕ _CR1 ], 0≤t≤T _s ,

;Where

;

ω _CR1 = ω _with -ω _g1 - the first intermediate frequency;

ϕ _pr1 = ϕ _with -ϕ _g1 ;

which, after amplification in the power amplifier 7, enters the transmitting antenna 8, is broadcast and transmitted through the satellite-relay 9i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) to the input of the receiving antenna 10, and then through the high-frequency amplifier 11 to the first input the second mixer 13, at the second input of which the voltage of the second local oscillator 12 is applied

u _z2 (t) = U _r2 ⋅Cos (ω t + φ _{r2 r2).}

At the output of the mixer 13, a voltage of combination frequencies is generated.

Since the frequency ω _z2 oscillator 12 is chosen equal to the frequency of the received signal _pr1 ω (ω = ω _{z2 pr1),} the filter 14 is allocated lowpass low frequency voltage (zero frequency voltage)

u _n (t) = U _n ⋅ Cosϕ _k (t), 0≤t≤T _s ,

,Where

,

proportional to the modulating code M (t).

This voltage is recorded and analyzed in block 19 registration and analysis.

It should be noted that the frequency range ω _r2 of the second local oscillator 12 to the frequency ω _pr1 received PSK signal (ω _z2 = ω _pr1) provides a combination of two processes: conversion of the received PSK signal at zero frequency and the allocation of the low-frequency voltage that is proportional to the modulating code M (t ), i.e. synchronous detection of the received PSK signal using a local oscillator 12, a mixer 13 and a low-pass filter 14. This circuit design allows you to get rid of additional receiving channels (a mirror channel at a frequency of ω _s , the first ω _k1 and second ω _k2 combination channels).

Since the frequency ω _pr1 received PSK signal may vary due to various destabilizing factors, including the Doppler effect, then to execute and maintain equality ω _z2 = ω _pr1 used, the phase locked loop (PLL) 15, composed of the phase shifter 16 90 °, the multiplier 17 and the phase detector 18.

Thus, the proposed system in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provides increased reliability and reliability of remote monitoring of the state of the environment and ice cover in the northern regions. This is achieved through the use of satellite repeaters of the satellite communication system for complex signals with phase shift keying.

It should be noted that the classical receiver of complex PSK signals (A. A. Pistolkors circuit, Fig. 2) contains a frequency converter and a demodulator of PSK signals.

The frequency converter comprises a receiving antenna 20, a high-frequency amplifier 21, a second local oscillator 22, a mixer 23, and a second intermediate frequency amplifier 24. His is the presence of additional reception channels (mirroring to the frequency ω _s, ω first and second _{k1 k2} ω Raman reception channels).

The demodulator of complex QPSK signals contains a phase doubler 25, a phase divider 26 into two, a narrow-band filter 27, a phase detector 28, and a recording unit 29. It is characterized by the presence of “reverse operation”, which is due to the fact that the reference voltage required for synchronous detection of the received PSK signal is extracted directly from the received PSK signal. In this case, there is no sign that would allow you to "bind" the phase of the reference voltage to one of the phases of the received PSK signal. Therefore, under the influence of interference and other destabilizing factors, the phase of the reference voltage at random times can take one of two possible values, which is the reason for the occurrence of the phenomenon of "reverse work".

The presence of false signals (interference) received via additional channels, and the phenomenon of “reverse operation” lead to a decrease in the reliability and reliability of remote monitoring of the state of the environment and ice cover.

The proposed receiver is devoid of these disadvantages.

Complex PSK signals have high noise immunity, energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex PSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex PSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex PSK signals is caused by a wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex PSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

These signals open up new possibilities in the technology of messaging. They allow you to apply a new type of selection - structural selection.

Claims (1)

A system for remote monitoring of the state of the atmosphere and ice cover in the northern regions, characterized by the presence of a control unit installed in a single thermostatically controlled building, a satellite navigation coordinate determination unit, an atmosphere status determination unit connected to the transmitting device, and a power supply unit connected to energy-consuming units, moreover, the control unit is configured to include blocks for determining coordinates by a satellite navigation system, determining thicknesses s of ice cover and determining the state of the atmosphere, as well as a transmitting device for receiving a control signal, characterized in that it is equipped with satellite transponders of a satellite communication system and a complex signal receiver with phase shift keying, and the transmitting device is made in the form of serially connected master oscillator, phase shift key the second input of which is connected to the output of the control unit, the first mixer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first local oscillator, an amplifier of the first intermediate frequency, power amplifier and transmitting antenna, the receiver of complex signals with phase shift keying is made in the form of series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, second mixer, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the second local oscillator, low-pass filter, multiplier, the second input of which is connected with the output of a high-frequency amplifier and a phase detector, the second input of which is connected through a 90 ° phase shifter to the second output of the second local oscillator, and the output is connected to the control input ode to the second local oscillator, the low-pass filter output is connected to the input of the recording and analysis unit.

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