RU2648200C1 - Musical instrument jew's harp with the mechanism of changing tonality - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical instruments.

SUBSTANCE: musical instrument Jew's harp is provided with a mechanism with a tonality change mechanism that comprises a body of elongated annular base 1, which passes into cheeks 2, between which tongue 4 is disposed. Attachment of tongue 4 to the body is made in the form of groove 5 in the upper part of base 1 fixed by removable strips 6 on both sides of the body by means of detachable connection 7. Assembly further comprises a tonality control mechanism configured to move along the longitudinal axis of the tool over tab plate 4 and inner surface 9 formed in base 1 of the housing. Body of the movable mechanism has outer lateral longitudinal guide grooves 13 and internal through passage 20 for passage of the tongue, housing also includes inner cylindrical clamp-latch 14 of tongue 4 comprising, on the outside, adjustment lever 15 with handle-button 16 and a lever return mechanism with elastic member 17, stop limiter 18, and on the inside, shaped channel 12 for passing the plate of tongue 4, which is aligned with inner channel 20 in the housing of the mobile mechanism. Within shaped channel 12, a surface with a transverse angle formed by two intersecting planes 19 is formed, which, when the clamp 14 is rotated, abuts one side of the plate of tongue 4, on back side 11 of the mechanism, restoring locker device 21 is provided, including an elastic member on a longitudinal guide installed by the other end on the back side of cover 6 of base 1 of the body.

EFFECT: musical instrument Jew's harp with a mechanism for changing the tonality.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the manufacture of musical instruments, in particular the construction of a national Yakut musical instrument - khomus.

The Yakut khomus is a type of harp, which was widely used from ancient times to the present day. Two main types of harp are known - lamellar and arched, made of various material (reeds, bones, wood and iron). The khomus consists of a body in the form of a horseshoe-shaped (ring-shaped) iron rim with elongated cheeks. A steel plate (tongue) in the form of a leg with a curved thin end is attached to the horseshoe. They play on it, pressing cheeks slightly to the teeth and by applying small strokes to the tongue with the finger of the hand. Sounds are regulated by lips and tongue, larynx and breathing (inhale and exhale), changing the volume of the oral cavity with the tongue (see http://rus.ilkhomus.com/?p=293).

It is known that the content of music is a combination of many impressions, thoughts and feelings expressed with the help of sounds (see Vakhromeev V.A. Elementary theory of music. - M .: Publishing house "Music". 2007). Moreover, according to the theory of music, these sounds can be perceived by a person as music only if they obey certain laws of the correlation of their expressive means. They are governed by the rules that have developed as a result of centuries-old folk and classical music practice.

Almost all common instruments consist of two main parts: the pathogen of acoustic vibrations (for example, the tongue of a khomus), fixed or stepwise changing its parameters and, as a rule, one resonator with constant acoustic parameters. Thus, the tongue has its own specific note, and this type is considered the classic type of musical instrument (see https://www.oberton.pro).

The resonator in the khomus is its body, and the tongue (s) is the primary sound generator and at the same time a tool for controlling the process of sound extraction from it. By changing the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation of the tongue, the user forces the standing waves of the corresponding tonality and intensity, as well as their overtones, to be excited in the resonator of the instrument. The fundamental difference between a khomus musical instrument and classical types of instruments is that on this instrument the sound extraction process is controlled by a change in the acoustic properties of the resonator, and the acoustic parameters of the pathogen of the original sound — the tongue — remain unchanged.

Of the Yakut khomuses, instruments are known that differ in the construction of the body and tongue, which produce various sound qualities and musical properties characteristic of a particular note.

For example, a khomus musical instrument is known (see SU No. 234849, IPC G10D, publ. 10.01.1969), consisting of a ring-shaped base with a diamond-shaped neck and tongue, while additionally containing a ring with ears and a support plate for better holding performance for easier holding tool.

The khomus of a known technical solution has a limited sound range. In addition, some design complexity does not contribute to the reliability of the device in use.

Known khomus devices (see SU No. 1571649, IPC G10D 7/12, publ. 04/05/1988; RU No. 160750, IPC G10D 17/00, publ. 03/27/2016), characterized by the methods of fastening the tongue to the housing and the design of the tool body itself .

The disadvantages of the known devices are also the limited range of sound and the complexity of manufacturing the instrument, due mainly to the difficulty of adjusting and adjusting the working gap between the cheeks and tongue of the khomus when installing it.

At the same time, “notated khomuses” are known for obtaining sounds of different octaves, presented as a set of instruments of different tones, containing, on average, from 9 to 12 khomuses (see www.ilkhomus.com, the website of the Museum and Center of the Khomus of the World’s Nations in Yakutsk), which is not always convenient for the user. In addition, such tool sets are characterized by high cost and often require special playing skills from the musician.

A well-known musical khomus (see RU No. 2100847, IPC G10D 17/00, publ. 12/27/1997), in which, in order to regulate the gap between the cheeks from the ring-shaped base and the tongue to obtain various sound modes, the tongue is fastened to the body by means of an adjustment bolt. When adjusting with a bolt, the tongue is slightly moved along the longitudinal axis of the instrument, which can contribute to some change in the tone of the sound of the khomus.

However, a well-known instrument is characterized by a minimal change in key range. In addition, in the manufacture of a khomus, it is necessary to achieve the consistency of the work of symmetrical parts, only with which it is possible to achieve improved musical qualities of this instrument.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a musical instrument of a khomus of simple construction with the ability to change the tonality of the sound in a wide range.

The technical effect obtained by solving the problem is expressed in the design of the musical instrument of the khomus, convenient to use and contributing to an increase in performing capabilities due to the multi-tonality of the sound.

To solve this problem, a musical instrument is a khomus with a tonality changing mechanism, the body of which consists of an elongated ring-shaped base passing into the cheeks, between which there is a tongue, and for the convenience of holding the instrument, the base on the outside contains a handle in the form of a figured half-ring, characterized in that the tongue mount to the housing is made in the form of a groove in the upper part of the base, fixed by removable overlays on both sides of the housing by means of a detachable connection, and additionally contains a tone control mechanism arranged to move along the longitudinal axis of the instrument along the tongue plate and the inner surface formed at the base of the housing, for this the housing of the movable mechanism has external lateral longitudinal grooves serving as guides, and an internal through channel for the passage of the tongue includes an internal a cylindrical clamp-tab of the tongue, containing from the outside the adjustment lever with a button handle and a lever return device with an elastic element and a pore-limiter of rotation, and on the inside, a figured channel for the passage of the tongue plate, comparable with the internal channel in the housing of the movable mechanism, and inside the figured channel, a surface with a transverse angle formed by two intersecting planes is made, which fits tightly against one side to the plate of the tongue, while on the back of the mechanism is fixed return device of the latch, including an elastic element on a longitudinal guide mounted by another end on the back of the base plate.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the characteristics of the analogue indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty."

The combination of features of the invention provides a solution to the claimed technical problem, namely the creation of a reliable and convenient instrument of simple design, which allows you to adjust the tonality in a wide range of sound.

The claimed device is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 schematically shows a general view of the instrument, figure 2 is a general side view of the instrument with a cut, figure 3 is a diagram of the fastening of the tongue at the base of the body, figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tonality control mechanism, figure 5 is a principle the work of the clamp-clamp of the tongue: a - in neutral, b - the working positions of the lever of the clamp.

A khomus musical instrument with a tonality changing mechanism (see Figs. 1, 2) contains an annular base 1 of an elongated body, turning into cheeks 2. For the convenience of holding the instrument, the base 1 can contain a handle in the form of a figured half ring 3.

In the upper part of the base 1, a groove 5 is selected, in which a tongue 4 is placed for fastening to the tool body with removable overlays 6 on both sides of the body by means of a detachable connection 7, for example, with screws (see Fig. 3). Slips 6 are made mainly of metal. At the same time, to seal the connection and ensure immobility, reliability of fastening, an additional pad 8 of soft metal (copper, aluminum, etc.) is used, installed, for example, on glue. Such a connection contributes to manufacturability in the manufacture, adjustment and repair of the tool or, if necessary, replacement with a tongue with other parameters.

The multi-tonality of the sound of the khomus of the claimed device is ensured by changing the length of the movable part of the tongue 4. For this, the instrument has a tonality control mechanism with a clamp-clamp 14, made with the ability to move along the longitudinal axis of the khomus along the tongue plate 4 and the inner surface 9 formed in an elongated base 1 housing (see Fig. 1, 2).

The body of the tonality control mechanism consists of a front 10 and a rear 11 half-bodies made, for example, of metal. In assembled form, the mechanism case contains an internal cylindrical cavity for free placement of the clamp-clamp 14 and an internal through channel 20 for passage of the tongue 4, external lateral longitudinal grooves 13, which serve as guides when moving the mechanism on the inner surface 9 of the base 1 of the body (see Fig. 4 ) The width of the channel 20 should correspond to the width of the plate of the tongue 4, and the width of the longitudinal grooves 13 to the thickness of the plate of the tool body in such a way as to ensure an exact and tight fit of the parts to each other, but also a clear and free movement of the tonality control mechanism along the guides. When assembling the housing, the parts are mounted on a detachable connection, for example, on screws 22.

The clip-clamp 14 has a cylindrical shape, while on the one hand (facing when installing the tongue plate 4), a through figured channel 12 is selected in the middle, which is compared when the tongue 4 is mounted on the plate with the internal channel 20 in the housing of the movable mechanism. On the surface side of the cylindrical clamp 14 facing the outside of the tool, an adjustment lever 15 with a handle button 16 and a device with an elastic element 17 and an abutment stop 18 are installed to return the lever 15 to the neutral position. Moreover, for ease of use, the handle button 16 can be made in an ergonomic shape, and the tonality control mechanism is moved to the required position in the tool body when the latch 14 is wedged in the neutral position of the lever 15 (see Fig. 5a).

The inner surface of the figured channel 12 in the cylinder of the clamp-clamp 14 is made with a transverse angle facing the plate of the tongue 4 and formed by two intersecting planes 19. In the neutral position of the lever 15, the clamp-clamp 14 contacts the plate of the tongue 4 only through the transverse angle from the planes 19 and the movable mechanism easily moves along the guides - the plate of the tongue 4 and the inner surface 9 of the tool body (see Fig. 5a). When a finger is pressed on the lever 15 through the handle button 16 (operating position of the lever), the clamp-lock cylinder 14 is rotated around its axis against the stop on the stopper 18 (see Fig. 5b). In the operating position of the lever 15, the tongue 4 is pressed by the plane of the transverse angle in the clamp-clamp cylinder 14. In this case, the tongue 4 is fixed at a predetermined level relative to the housing of the khomus. The wedging and the transition of the lever 15 to the neutral position is carried out by means of a return device 17.

The value of the angle of the latch between the planes 19 is selected in such a way as to ensure the optimal angle of movement of the lever 15 relative to the tool body and a snug fit of the plane to the plate of the tongue 4 with the working position of the clamp-clamp 14. The author found that the optimal angle is in the range of 170-175 degrees, which is formed in the process of setting up the tool.

On the back side 11 of the body of the tonality control mechanism, a retainer return device 21 is fixed on a longitudinal guide with an elastic element mounted at the other end on the back side of the lining 6 of the housing base 1. Thus, the mechanism is returned to its initial position on the tool body by means of an elastic element of the device 21, for example, a spring, with the lever 15 in the neutral position (see Fig. 2).

The operation of the claimed khomus musical instrument with a key changing device is as follows.

As a rule, the musician grabs the khomus around the base 1 of the body with the thumb and forefinger of his left hand, while the middle finger rests on the button-handle 16 of the lever 15 and they can carry out the movement of the clamp-clamp 14 along the longitudinal axis of the instrument along the tongue 4 (lever 15 in neutral position). The return stroke of the latch 14 is carried out using the return device 21. After reaching a certain place on the desired length of the tongue 4, the user presses the button-handle 16 with some effort, while the lever 15 goes into working position, and the tonality control mechanism stops as a result of pressure from the transverse plane angle in the cylindrical clip 14 on the tongue 4, which is fixed at a given level relative to the housing of the khomus. Then they play the instrument, gently pressing cheeks 2 to the teeth, and by applying small strokes to the tongue with 4 fingers. Sounds are regulated by lips and tongue, larynx and breathing (inhalation and exhalation), changing the volume of the oral cavity with the tongue, and also moving the tonality control mechanism along the instrument guides.

Depending on the skill of the musician, the claimed solution can ensure the operation of the khomus musical instrument in a wide sound range. The relatively long stroke of the lock along the length of the tongue allows you to adjust the tonality of the sound over a wide range and get new melodies with one tool.

Claims (1)

A khomus musical instrument with a tonality-changing mechanism, consisting of an elongated annular base passing into the cheeks, between which there is a tongue, characterized in that the tongue is fixed to the body in the groove in the upper part of the base with removable overlays placed on both sides of the instrument body via a detachable connection and further comprises a tone control mechanism adapted to move along the longitudinal axis of the instrument along the tongue plate and internally the surface formed at the base of the housing, for this the housing of the movable mechanism has external lateral longitudinal grooves serving as guides, and an internal through channel for the passage of the tongue, includes an internal cylindrical clamp-tab of the tongue, containing from the outside the adjustment lever with a button handle and a return a lever device with an elastic element and a stop-limiter, and on the inside there is a figured channel for the passage of the tongue plate, comparable with the channel in the housing of the movable mechanism, than a surface with a transverse angle formed by two intersecting planes is made inside the figured channel, which, when the clamp-clamp is rotated, fits tightly on one side of the tongue plate, while on the back side of the mechanism, a retainer return device is mounted, including an elastic element on a longitudinal guide mounted at the other end on the back of the base plate.

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