RU2646853C1 - Nuclear turbo-air installation with return of cycle air part from compressor to the last stages of turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power engineering, in particular to the nuclear turbo-air installation. Invention is a nuclear turbo-air installation heat circuit with a transfer of a part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine. Heat circuit contains compressor, transfer line, reactor, turbine compressor, power turbine, exhaust pipe and electric generator. At that, the transfer line provides a transfer of a part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the power turbine in order to reduce the compressor's power consumption and increase the capacity of the power turbine.

EFFECT: increase of individual capacities, increase in the nuclear turbo-air installation operation reliability, elimination of the use of electricity for in-house needs, as well as reducing the burden on the environment.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to a nuclear turbo-air installation with the transfer of part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine.

Known nuclear power plants containing a reactor, evaporation channels, a separator, a circulation pump, superheater channels, a steam turbine, a heat recovery circuit, a condenser, a circulation pump, a condensate pump, a deaerator, a feed pump, a cooling tower.

A disadvantage of the known nuclear power plant is its low efficiency, which does not reach 40%, due to the large loss of heat of vaporization in the turbine condenser, which discharges through the cooling tower into the atmosphere, and the nuclear power plant operates with a high energy consumption for its own needs and chemical. purified water, while the nuclear power units are bulky structures with a large number of elements in their design, which increases the cost of the power plant, complicates operation, repairs, and reduces the degree of reliability, and the nuclear power plant operates with a high environmental load due to the huge amount of heat discharged through the cooling tower in atmosphere.

Known nuclear turbo-air installation (see patent US 3936652A, 02/03/1976), containing a vertical tower-type support with a central channel, as well as horizontal passages, each of which contains a turbine and an electric generator, and the working fluid for the turbine - the air is heated by heat carrier-water from nuclear reactor, and the Central channel of the vertical tower-type supports provides traction and air flow through the turbine.

A disadvantage of the known power plant is the need to contain a sufficiently high (at least 100 m) tower support with a central channel, and secondly, despite such a high tower support with a central channel, the air pressure in front of the turbine is low, which does not allow the turbine to develop high power, as a result, the unit capacities of such power plants are not high enough, and due to the small revolutions of the turbine rotor and electric generator, plants of this kind are bulky and large in size, it increases the cost of the known plants, with this power has a fairly high efficiency and is taken as a prototype.

The objective of the invention is to increase unit capacities and efficiency, cheaper construction, increased reliability, the exclusion of the use of electric power and chemical for their own needs. purified water, reducing the burden on the environment.

The above task is achieved by introducing into the thermal circuit of a gas turbine by-pass line transferring part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine.

The work process of a gas turbine with the transfer of part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine.

Cycle air shortly after the start of the compression process is divided into parts, one of which (large) is compressed in the compressor, and the other (smaller) is discharged from the compressor after the third stage and enters through the transfer line from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine, and the compressor power consumption is sharply reduced and its compression ratio and efficiency increase, while the turbine power increases, and, importantly, the power turns between the compressors and the turbine, and the pressure and heat difference do not increase due to high temperature in front of the turbine, and due to a decrease in compressor power consumption and a high degree of compression when transferring part of the cyclic air to the last stages of the turbine, they are reinforced in power, while the turbine flow part increases in length, which contributes to a more complete actuation of the heat potential and an increase in power and The efficiency of the installation with a reduced load on the environment, and the turbine works with moderate parameters for inlet temperature and reduced output, while the cost of the turbine is significantly lower shrinks, since its flow part is constructed of ordinary low alloy steel.

Introduction into the industry of the proposed NPP more cheapened increased reliability, working without electricity and chemicals. purified water for own needs, as well as a reduced environmental burden, can displace expensive nuclear power plants with a high environmental burden.

In FIG. 1 shows a thermal diagram of a nuclear turbo-air installation with the transfer of part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine, comprising a compressor 1, transfer line 2, reactor 3, compressor turbine 4, power turbine 5, exhaust pipe 6, generator 7.

Performance calculation attached.

The source of information

1. P.N. Shlyakhin. Steam and gas turbines (NPP section), Energia Moscow, 1974.

Calculation of the efficiency of nuclear power plants with the transfer of part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine for thermal power plants.

N 300.0 mW Air flow through a transfer of 850 t / h Air flow through compressor 2550 t / h Air flow through the turbine 3400 t / h

The degree of pressure increase in the compressor 15; air temperature behind the compressor 355 ° С; equivalent fuel consumption in terms of organic kWh 223 g (5890 kJ kW kW); Compressor efficiency 85%; Turbine efficiency 90%; effective efficiency of 55%; weighted average ambient temperature 15 ° С - all temperatures in ° С.

Reactor power

300000 kW * 223 G = 66900000 G = 66900 kg * 7000 kl / kg (ut) = 468 300 000 kl / 860 = 544.6 mW

Compressor power

2550 / 3.6 (15 + 355) 708 * 370 * 085 = 222.6 mW

Turbine power

3400 / 3.6 (900-250) 944.6 * 650 * 0.9 = 552 mVg

Power on compressor drive 252.0 mVg

Power turbine power

552.0 mW-252.0 mW = 300, mW

Effective efficiency

300.0 mW / 544.4 mW = 55%

Conditional fuel consumption per kWh

66900000 G / 300000 kW = 223 g.

Claims (1)

A nuclear turbo-air installation with the transfer of part of the cyclic air from the turbine compressor, comprising a compressor, a transfer line, an atomic reactor, a compressor turbine, a power turbine, an exhaust pipe, an electric generator, characterized in that it further comprises a line for transferring a part of the cyclic air from the compressor to the last stages of the turbine, moreover, the compressor is connected to the reactor connected to the compressor turbine connected to the power turbine connected to the exhaust pipe and the generator and through the master transfer rate to the compressor.

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