RU2639923C1 - Method of mechanization control of gas turbine engine compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in electronic-hydromechanical and hydromechanical systems of automatic control of GTE. The summary of the invention consists in simplifying the implementation of the method for controlling the mechanization of a GTE compressor based on the rotation speed of an engine turbocompressor (TC) by determining the reduced rotation speed of the TC over the engine's in-engine parameters without measuring the air temperature at the engine inlet. This is achieved by the fact that the engine TC rotation speed, found from the reduced throttle characteristic of the engine using the fuel consumption in the engine, given only by the air pressure at the engine inlet, is corrected by an amount proportional to the deviation of this speed from the measured TC rotation speed. The correction factor is determined by the nature of the reduced throttle characteristic and the operating mode of the engine.EFFECT: simplification of technical devices for controlling the mechanization of a gas turbine engine compressor and reducing the cost and reliability of a gas turbine engine.1 dwg,1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of aircraft engine manufacturing and can be used in electronic hydromechanical and hydromechanical automatic control systems (ACS) of gas turbine engines (GTE).

The most famous ways to control the mechanization of a gas turbine compressor are to control the degree of air compression (π _k ) in the engine compressor: α _rna ; KPV position = f (π _k ) and according to the reduced frequency of rotation (Nтк пр) of a turbocompressor (ТК): α _рна ; KPV position = f (Ntk pr), where

π _to - the degree of increase in air pressure in the engine compressor, equal to: π _to = (Pk / Pvh);

Рк - air pressure behind the engine compressor;

Рвх - air pressure at the engine inlet;

_polar α - angle of the adjustable guide vanes (PHA) of the motor compressor;

KPV - air bypass valve of the engine compressor;

Ntk pr - reduced frequency of rotation of the motor fuel cell, equal to: Ntk pr = Ntk × √To / Tvh;

Ntk - physical (measured) frequency of rotation of the engine TC;

T0 is the reduction temperature equal to the temperature of the standard atmosphere at sea level (T0 = 288.15 K);

Tvh - air temperature at the engine inlet.

The method of controlling the mechanization of a gas turbine compressor by the degree of air compression in the compressor is to measure the air pressure at the inlet to the engine Pvc and at the outlet of the compressor Pk, calculate the compression ratio π _to as the ratio of the pressure Pk to Pvx, and set the given positions by the value of π _to RNA and KPV, compare them with the actual ones, by the magnitude of the mismatch, form control actions and feed them to the drives of the RNA and KPV until the actual positions of the RNA and KPV become equal to the set ones.

This method is described in the invention to patent No. 2392498 C2 (RU). “A control device for the mechanization of a compressor of a gas turbine engine” in 2008. An example of the implementation of this method of controlling the mechanization of a compressor is the pump regulator HP-2000 of the TV3-117VMA-SBM1 engine, “Turboprop engine TB3-117VMA-SBM1. Guidelines for the technical operation of 3170000000RE ”, ZMKB“ Progress ”named after A.G. Ivchenko, 1999

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of its implementation in the devices of hydromechanical self-propelled guns of a gas turbine engine, as well as in backup regulators of electronic-hydromechanical self-propelled guns due to the need to measure 2 pressures and divide 2 values proportional to Pk and Pbx. The disadvantage of this method is the non-linearity of the characteristic α _ph = f (π _k ) and the need to introduce changes in this characteristic depending on the pressure Pvc due to the separation of π _k along the flight altitude.

Closest to the claimed method according to the purpose, physical nature, technical solution and the achieved result when using is a method for controlling compressor mechanization according to the reduced frequency of rotation of the engine TC, which consists in measuring the speed of the rotor of the TC and the air temperature at the engine inlet, by frequency the rotation of the TC and the value of the air temperature calculate the reduced rotational speed of the rotor of the TC, from the reduced frequency of rotation form the specified position of the PHA and CPV of the compressor, Niva their actual, largest deviation form the control actions and feed them on drives PHA and CPV as long as the actual position of PHA and CPV will not be equal to the specified.

This method is described in the invention to patent No. 2514463 C1 (RU) “2012 Method for mechanizing the compressor of a gas turbine engine” 2012. An example of the implementation of this method of controlling the mechanization of the compressor is the pump-regulator HP-3 of TV3-117 engines of all modifications, “Turboshaft technical operation manual engine TV3-117 ", LNPO them. V.Ya. Klimova, Leningrad 1986

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of its implementation in hydromechanical self-propelled guns, as well as in standby hydromechanical regulators of electronic-hydromechanical self-propelled guns due to the need to measure hydromechanical air temperature in the input device of the engine. This is especially true for small-sized gas turbine engines, in which the installation of a sufficiently voluminous hydromechanical temperature sensor in the engine duct causes a shading of the air flow and contributes to the occurrence of stalling phenomena on the compressor blades (surge). Therefore, on such engines, the temperature sensor of the air entering the engine is usually located on the device controlling the compressor mechanization, and the air from the engine input device is supplied to the sensor with a special air duct, which requires additional material costs and leads to a change in air temperature due to heating from the engine .

The aim of the claimed technical solution as an invention is to simplify the implementation of the described method for controlling the mechanization of a gas turbine compressor by determining the reduced rotational speed of the rotor of the engine TC by the internal motor parameters without measuring the air temperature at the engine inlet.

One of the main characteristics of a gas turbine engine is the reduced throttle characteristic, which shows the dependence of the reduced rotational speed of the rotor of the fuel cell on the reduced fuel consumption in the combustion chamber (CS) of the engine (GT pr = Gt × Po / Pvh × √To / Twh), where

GT pr - reduced fuel consumption in the engine;

Gt is the actual (measured) fuel consumption in the engine КС;

Po is the reduction pressure equal to the standard atmosphere at sea level Po = 0.1013 MPa.

Given the throttle characteristic of the engine, knowing the magnitude of the reduced fuel consumption in the COP, you can determine the magnitude of the reduced rotational speed of the rotor of the engine TC. In the case when the fuel consumption is given only by the air pressure at the engine inlet without bringing it into the air temperature at the engine inlet, the TC speed found by the given throttle characteristic will coincide with the reduced speed of the TC only at the air temperature at the engine inlet, equal to the cast temperature T0 = 288.15 K. When the air temperature deviates from the cast temperature, the frequency found from the reduced throttle characteristic in the absence of a cast fuel consumption air temperature is equal to the frequency which would occur at an inlet air temperature of the engine equal That = 288,15 K (Ntk ^288), i.e. will be different from where

Ntk ²⁸⁸ is the rotational speed of the fuel cell found by the reduced throttle characteristic of the engine in the case of reducing the fuel consumption in the compressor only from the air pressure at the engine inlet.

The performed calculations show that, at constant physical (measured) fuel consumption in the engine's CS, when Ntk pr and Ntk change, the air temperature at the engine inlet changes. So, in table No. 1, as an example, the calculated data on the change of Ntk pr and Ntk of the TV3-117 engine family are given at constant fuel consumption in the engine KS at closed KPV modes in the air inlet temperature range from minus 60 to plus 60 ° С . The table shows that when the temperature of the air at the engine inlet changes, there is a relationship between the changes of Ntk pr and Ntk, and at a reduction temperature T0 = 288.15 K Ntk pr and Ntk are equal to each other and if there is no reduction in fuel consumption by air temperature with the frequency found by the reduced throttle response. Thus, the deviation of the measured frequency Ntk from that found from the given throttle characteristic indicates the deviation of the air temperature at the inlet of the engine from the cast temperature (To = 288.15 K). In this case, the deviation of the reduced rotation frequency of the TC (ΔNtk pr) from that found from the given throttle characteristic is proportional to the deviation of the measured rotation speed of the TC (ΔNtk) from it.

Thus, with the described method, the reduced engine speed

is equal to:

,

,

Where

A _i - correction factor, depending on the nature of the reduced throttle response and engine operation mode.

As can be seen from the formula, the claimed method of controlling the mechanization of a gas turbine compressor allows you to get the reduced frequency of rotation of the engine TC, depending on which the mechanization elements of the gas turbine compressor are controlled by the internal motor parameters without directly measuring the air temperature at the engine inlet.

MP - the maximum continuous operation of the engine.

The claimed method consists in that they measure the frequency of rotation of the fuel cell, the fuel consumption in the engine CS and the air pressure at the engine inlet, bring the fuel consumption to a standard atmosphere at sea level, according to the known reduced throttle characteristic of the engine, using the fuel consumption in the compressor, given by the air pressure at the engine inlet, find the rotational speed of the motor TK, compare it with the measured rotational speed of the motor TK, the magnitude of the mismatch calculate the correction value of the found frequency, summarize the correction value with the frequency found from the reduced throttle characteristic of the engine, the reduced frequency of rotation of the engine TC is obtained, according to the given laws, the specified positions of the PHA and CPV are determined according to the given laws, the actual positions of the PHA and CPV are measured, the set and actual positions of the PHA and CPV are compared, by value the mismatches form the control actions on the RNA and KPV drives until the actual positions of the RNA and KPV become equal to the specified ones.

In fig. 1 shows one of the possible circuits of a device that implements the described method for controlling compressor mechanization.

The device comprises an input information sensor unit 1 connected to a flow regulator 2, a block 3 and a corrector 5, a flow regulator 2 is connected to an actuator 7 for supplying fuel to the engine control unit and a unit 3 receiving information from the unit 1 about the air pressure at the engine inlet, leading fuel consumption to the pressure of a standard atmosphere at sea level and connected to a device 4 containing the reduced throttle characteristic of the engine, forming the rotational speed of the fuel cell according to the reduced throttle characteristic and connected with corrector 5, which receives information about the measured rotational speed of the engine TC from unit 1 and the frequency found by the reduced throttle response from device 4. Corrector 5, using formula 1, calculates the reduced rotational speed of the TC and transfers it to block 6, which according to the given laws generates the specified position of the PHA and CPV, compares them with the actual positions of the PHA and CPV received from the actuators 8, according to the size of the mismatch, it generates control commands and transfers them to the actuators 8 of the PHA and CPV, p Aliza these commands.

Claims (1)

A method for controlling the mechanization of a compressor of a gas turbine engine, which consists in determining the reduced frequency of rotation of the turbocompressor (TK) of the engine using the reduced frequency of rotation of the TK of the engine according to the given laws for controlling the position of adjustable guide vanes (PHA) and air bypass valves (CPV) of the compressor; RNA and KPV, measure the actual position of the RNA and KPV, compare the set and actual positions of the RNA and KPV, the control air is formed by the value of the mismatch actions on the RNA and KPV drives until the actual positions of the RNA and KPV become equal to the specified ones, characterized in that they determine the rotational speed of the fuel cell by the reduced throttle characteristic of the engine, using the amount of fuel consumption in the combustion chamber of the engine, given only by the air pressure at at the engine inlet, compare it with the measured TC speed, according to the value of the mismatch, taking into account the engine operating mode, calculate the correction value of the found frequency, sum the correction value with the frequency found constant for given engine throttle characteristic TC receive the reduced speed, and use it to calculate the predetermined positions of the engine compressor mechanization elements.

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