RU2638410C1 - Device for professional selection and training of tracking systems operators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device contains a real process simulation unit, an information display unit and an operator workstation simulator with an operator console, a start-up simulator and a dynamic load simulation unit, and a unit of deviation from the prescribed control laws. The real process simulation unit, the information display unit, the operator console, the start-up simulator, the dynamic load simulation unit, and the unit of deviation from the prescribed control laws are combined into a local area network (LAN) using a LAN switch.

EFFECT: ensured sufficiently wide spread of the parameters of the control panels dynamics, critical in terms of time of operator dynamic adaptation to the features of the control panels used in real armament complexes.

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Description

The present invention relates to military equipment, and more specifically to means for professional selection and initial training of guided weapons operators, for example, operators of tracking systems for anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs), gunners of tank guided missiles (TOURs), operators of anti-aircraft missile and cannon systems (SAM), etc. ., the main activity of which is to direct a guided projectile at a target using a two-coordinate control body and hold the rocket tracer on the target until the end of flight time Aketi.

As is known (see, for example, Fundamentals of Engineering Psychology: A Textbook for Technical Universities / Edited by B.F. Lomov.- M .: Higher School, 1986.), in the initial stages of learning to work in tracking systems, the formation of motor skill occurs under vision control; subsequently, this control more and more passes to sensitive instruments of the motor apparatus - to tactile and kinesthetic analyzers. In this case, an internal control loop is formed, determined by the action of these analyzers, in which the signals pass much faster (0.4 s) than along the external control loop, including visual control (1-2 s). This important property can also be used to improve the quality of control by supplying feedback signals not to the visual, but directly to the tactile analyzer. Through the same channel, it is possible to introduce various interferences that occur in real control systems (shocks, shocks, vibrations, changes in muscle loads) and have a significant impact on the quality of control.

Motor characteristics are included in all types of activities and testify to the real potentials, resources and reserves of not only a specific organ, but also the body as a whole. In particular, for the professional selection of tracking system operators and the organization of their training process under external dynamic influences, it is important to know such characteristics of their motor sphere as tremor, anticipation (anticipation, anticipation), reactions (simple sensorimotor, selection reaction, reaction to a moving object) , muscle endurance, differentiation of muscle tension, and other professionally important qualities that determine the features of dynamic adaptation in the tasks of compensatory and pursuing tracking i. At the same time, during professional selection, it is desirable to determine all the required characteristics at one workplace, and during training to develop the required professionally important qualities in conditions as close as possible to real ones.

The currently existing methods for the study of psychomotor, as a rule, use hardware to assess individual characteristics of the musculoskeletal system and the apparatus of the working movements of the hands with feedback through the visual analyzer (see, for example, Workshop on Age Psychology: / Ed. L. A. Golovey, E.F. Rybalko. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2001).

Their common drawback is the limited use (each tool measures only the characteristic for which it is intended). In addition, even when using the entire set of such tools, it is impossible to evaluate the features of the dynamic adaptation of the operator when solving the problems of compensatory and pursuing tracking, especially in conditions as close as possible to real ones.

The assessment of the features of adaptation to dynamic loads in conditions close to real can be carried out on a simulator that simulates a real control system, which includes a computer. For example, for these purposes, a device for professional selection and training of tracking system operators can be used, containing a series-connected real-life modeling unit and an information display unit, an operator workstation simulator with an operator console, a dynamic load simulation unit and a start-up simulator connected to the unit modeling of real processes, performed on the basis of a personal computer (see RF patent No. 49326 of July 15, 2004. A device for professional selection and training tracking system operators) is the closest to the proposed technical solution, which the authors consider as the closest analogue.

The device has been successfully used as part of simulators to prepare calculations for the Pantsir-S 9F676-1 and 9F676-2 air defense missile systems for more than 10 years. The experience of its operation revealed a significant shortcoming in the initial training of candidates for operators, which requires mandatory “retraining” on a real weapon complex for the dynamic adaptation of the operator to the peculiarities of control laws for specific models of weapon systems. These features are explained by the significant variation in the output characteristics of command sensors used in modern guided weapon systems, the adaptation time being the greater, the greater is the difference between the dynamics of the control loop of the Pantsir-S complex and those simulated in the simulator, primarily in terms of sensitivity and steepness of guidance commands.

Practically in all specialist guided weapon systems accepted for supply, there is a significant variation in the technical characteristics of the drives both after manufacture and, especially, during wear during operation, which makes the operators unprepared. Dynamic stereotypes developed in the process of training on simulators with strictly fixed dynamics of the control loop (the so-called “muscle memory”) become a brake for quick adaptation to real control panels with different technical specifications).

Using the device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 49326 dated 07/15/2004, the task of creating flexible, easily transformable management skills in learners in control circuits that differ from each other in a number of technical characteristics cannot be completely solved due to the lack of the possibility of varying the characteristics of operator panels, time-critical dynamic adaptation to the features of the remotes (the appearance of backlash in mechanical transmissions, a change in the stiffness of the springs of the return mechanisms, etc.), since the dynamo simulation unit used in it load, made in the form of a counterweight in the form of a cam and acting on it according to a special electromagnet program, creates only periodic short-term interference (shocks) to the internal control loop.

The authors were faced with the task of creating a device that provides a sufficiently wide variation in the dynamics of control panels, which are time-critical for the dynamic adaptation of the operator to the features of control panels used in real weapon systems, especially with a partially developed resource.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the well-known device for professional selection and training of tracking system operators according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 49326 dated July 15, 2004, it contains a block for modeling real processes, a block for displaying information and a simulator for the operator’s workstation with an operator panel, a simulator of the start-up mechanism and a unit for simulating dynamic loads, a unit for generating deviations from predetermined control laws has been introduced; moreover, a unit for modeling real processes, an information display unit, an operator console, a simulator start-up mechanism, a unit for simulating dynamic loads and a unit for generating deviations from predetermined control laws are combined into a local area network (LAN) using a LAN switch.

The unit for generating deviations from the given control laws contains potentiometric command sensors, amplifiers, adapters, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and multiplexers for each of the two control channels, as well as mini-computers connected to the LAN switch with their first input and output, and inputs amplifiers-adapters are connected to a potentiometric command sensor, their first outputs are connected to the corresponding first inputs of the ADC, the second outputs are respectively to the second inputs of the ADC, the first and second inputs of the multipl with the second and third inputs of the minicomputer, the third input of the multiplexer is connected to the outputs of the ADC, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the minicomputer, while the third inputs of the ADC are connected to the control bus of the conversion law associated with the second output of the minicomputer.

The proposed device for professional selection and training of operators of tracking systems has a combination of essential features not known from the prior art for products of this purpose, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" for the invention is met.

The inventive device, according to the applicant and the authors, meets the criterion of "inventive step", because it does not explicitly follow from the prior art, i.e. not known from available sources of scientific, technical and patent information at the filing date.

The essence of the invention is illustrated using the drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device;

- in FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the formation of deviations from predetermined control laws on one of the channels;

- in FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of an analog-to-digital converter of channel Y;

- in FIG. 4 - possible laws of control of sensors of commands of the “joystick” type of product 9P148 on channels X (curves 1, 2) and Y (curve 3) and the “tank column” type on channel X of products 9K116 and 9K119 (curves 4 and 5, respectively), where the abscissa reflects the angles of the lapels of the rotary mechanisms of the command sensors, and the ordinate angular velocities of the weapon guidance system.

The proposed device (Fig. 1) contains a block 1 for modeling real processes, a block 2 for displaying information and a simulator 3 for the operator’s workstation with an operator panel 4, a simulator 5 for the start mechanism and a block 6 for simulating dynamic loads, and an additionally introduced block 7 for generating deviations from predetermined control laws moreover, unit 1 for modeling real processes, unit 2 for displaying information, console 4 for the operator, simulator 5 for the start mechanism, unit 6 for simulating dynamic loads and unit 7 for generating deviations from predetermined laws The controls are integrated into a local area network (LAN) using a LAN 8 switch.

Block 7 of the formation of deviations from predetermined control laws (Fig. 2) contains potentiometric sensors 9 commands, amplifiers adapters 10 and 11, analog-to-digital converters 12 and 13 (ADC) and multiplexers 14 for each of the two control channels, as well as mini A computer 15 connected to the LAN switch 8 with its first input and output, and the inputs of the amplifier adapters 10 and 11 are connected to the potentiometric sensor 9 commands, their first outputs are connected to the corresponding first inputs of the ADC 12 and 13, the second outputs are respectively with the second inputs of the AD 12 and 13, the first and second inputs of the multiplexer 14 and the second and third inputs of the minicomputer 15, the third input of the multiplexer 14 is connected to the outputs of the ADC 12 and 13, and the output to the fourth input of the minicomputer 15, while the third inputs of the ADC 12 and 13 are connected to the control bus of the conversion law associated with the second output of the minicomputer 15.

The potentiometric sensor of 9 commands is a device with two variable wire resistors and taps from the midpoint for connecting a common wire when working from bipolar voltage sources Upit., Common, Upit. (see, for example, product 1E52 of the BMP-3 combat vehicle or the UTN-10 unit of the 9F660-3 simulator for the training of operators of the Konkurs-M ATGM).

Amplifiers-adapters 10 and 11, which form the voltage span of potentiometric sensors to provide the required values of impedance connections with analog-to-digital converters, including the polarity of the converted voltages, can be performed, for example, on the basis of operational amplifiers 140 UD 14.

Each of the analog-to-digital converters 12 and 13 (Fig. 3) contains:

- key control circuits for picking up signals from amplifiers-adapters made on VT1-VTn transistors (type 2T3102A, B) and variable resistors R1-Rn (type SP3-39, SP5-22, SP5-28B);

- ADC discharging cells made on the basis of 4-element 2I-NOT circuits of series 134 LB1A, 176LA7, 561LA7.

The multiplexer 14, which provides the conversion of parallel code into serial, can be performed, for example, on the basis of the K155 KP 1 chip.

A device for the professional selection and training of tracking system operators works as follows.

Before the trained operator performs the training task (UTZ), the instructor sets one of the possible options for the technical characteristics of the simulated control body, reflected in FIG. 4, where on the abscissa axis the angles of rotation of the command sensor from the normal are plotted, and on the ordinate axis, the corresponding angular velocities of aiming the aiming mark on the target. As can be seen from the drawing, in the presence of mechanical backlash and changes in the stiffness of the springs of the return mechanisms of the command sensors, their output characteristics can significantly differ from each other, and therefore the accuracy characteristics of aiming aiming marks on the target will also change.

As a rule, the “ideal” control law for the given armament complex, as illustrated in FIG. 4 main line. Then, after the trainee has successfully completed a number of UTZ and acquired the skills of two-coordinate tracking of a difficult moving target, the instructor sets new options for the technical characteristics of the “worn-out” control body provided for by the mini-computer software, gradually increasing the range of parameters that are time-critical for the dynamic adaptation of the operator to the console features controls used in real weapon systems. A trained operator, performing a series of UTZ with various technical characteristics of a simulated control body, is forced to constantly monitor the quality of guidance using a visual analyzer, which requires constant attention and thereby creates additional mental stress when performing training tasks, more typical for stressful combat situations, which, undoubtedly, a positive effect in subsequent real activities.

In this case, the newly introduced block 7 for the formation of deviations from the given control laws from the operator panel 4 (for example, via channel X) receives an electric signal of positive or negative polarity to the corresponding amplifier adapter (10 or 11), where it is converted to a voltage level sufficient to open the key control circuits, and enters the ADC 12 and 13. At the same time, through the control bus of the conversion law, collector voltages from the mini-computers 15 for transistors VT1-VTn are supplied to these ADCs.

When high-impedance coincidence of the signals at the bases and collectors of transistors VT1-VTn, they open, and, consequently, transfer from variable resistors R1-Rn to the inputs of logic circuits of the logic unit levels. Thus, a parallel ADC containing a group of electronic keys, the number of which is equal to the bit depth of the code, converts the analog voltage to a digital code (due to the groups of NAND logic circuits operating on the basis of the shift register, which transfers the high-impedance state from the least significant to the highest, each a group of logic circuits of the shift register is connected to the data bus of the minicomputer 15, which implements the formation of the law of conversion of the command sensor.

Considering that the unit 7 for generating deviations from the given control laws represents pulse signals of various programmed duty cycles, the duration of which characterizes the amplitude of the conversion of the potentiometric sensor 9 commands, from the multiplexer 14 (parallel-to-serial code converter) to the LAN switch 8, a sequential group of signals of different duty cycle, depending on the angle of the lapel potentiometric sensor 9 teams. One of the main tasks of the mini-computer 15 is the conversion of signals with variable duty cycle into code values for the control voltage of the guidance commands of the aiming mark of the guidance device of the simulator (not shown in the drawings).

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that when performing a series of tracking tasks of a difficult moving target in compensatory and pursuing tracking modes under various dynamic influences and changing rocket control laws, the operator, overcoming the interference in the internal control loop, tries various solutions to the target’s hitting problem, choosing the optimal management strategy for itself, thereby forming an optimal style of activity for itself in a technical nature changing from task to task the control loop. Thus, by introducing into the control loop the proposed device for professional selection and training of the tunable command sensor, which allows for controlled changes in individual technical characteristics of the control loop, which are time-critical for the dynamic adaptation of the operator to the features of the control panels used in real weapon systems, the operators gain control skills will be significantly more flexible, which will reduce the time spent on dynamic adaptation in in the event of the occurrence of such situations in real activity, and therefore, will reduce the time of its “retraining” on a specific sample of the weapons complex, which, on the one hand, will reduce the cost of training, and on the other, it will save the technical resource of the complex.

Claims (2)

1. A device for professional selection and training of tracking system operators, comprising a unit for modeling real processes, an information display unit and an operator workstation simulator with an operator panel, a start mechanism simulator and a dynamic load simulation unit, characterized in that a deviation forming unit is additionally introduced into it from predetermined control laws, and the real process modeling unit, the information display unit, the operator console, the start mechanism simulator, the dynamic simulation unit their loads and generating unit deviations from the combined control laws in a local area network LAN via LAN switch. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the unit for deviating from predetermined control laws contains potentiometric command sensors, amplifier adapters, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and multiplexers for each of the two control channels, as well as minicomputers, connected to the local area network switch with its first input and output, and the inputs of the amplifier-adapters are connected to the potentiometric command sensor, their first outputs are connected to the corresponding first inputs of the ADC, the second outputs to accordingly, with the second inputs of the ADC, the first and second inputs of the multiplexer and the second and third inputs of the mini-computer, the third input of the multiplexer is connected to the outputs of the ADC, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the mini-computer, while the third inputs of the ADC are connected to the control bus of the conversion law, connected to the second output of the minicomputer.

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