RU2589138C2 - Automobile road - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed is design of an automobile road of up to 25 t, minimally depending on soil and climate conditions of area of construction. Road for vehicles carrying up to 25 t, consisting of vertical supports, girders and road surface made of concrete plates, vertical supports in form of piles arranged to project a step along road, immersed in soil to target depth with alignment mark goals piles on level planning at height of 0.05-1.95 m. On head piles in parallel to road axis there are crossbars, tightened to each other in long elements with steel cables laid through longitudinal holes of girders. On cross pieces there are prestressed plates of road surface, connected to each other with swaging by steel ropes in longitudinal direction relative to road axis. Pile, crossbars and plates are made in form of prefabricated reinforced concrete prestressed elements.

EFFECT: road at sections where its height above level of planning surface is less than 5/10 m is equipped with ground shoulder, and at sections where height above level of planning greater than 5/10 m - barriers.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to road construction and relates to the construction of a highway, parking, transport, helicopter airstrip, etc.

Known construction of roads, consisting of a soil base, roadway and curbs. The disadvantage of roads on a soil base is high material consumption (up to 10 tons of crushed stone per 1 sq. M of road), high cost and fragility caused by processes occurring in a soil base (shrinkage, frosty swelling, suffusion, etc.) / 1 /.

Known design of the highway flyover type on floating supports. The overpass consists of spans and supports, and the span is made in the form of packages of slabs of prestressed concrete slabs with tongue and groove ends fastened by steel ropes to each other, with the ropes stretched between anchors located together with the ends of the steel ropes and the ends of the plates on the supporting steel rectangular platforms welded in the upper part of the floating supports made of steel pipes, while the supporting platforms are equipped with stops-tensioners designed for fastening anchors and tension niya ropes. The supports of the overpass are segments of metal pipes with welded ends that are laid on the ground in a horizontal position across the axis of the road in increments of 6–7 m and are supported by plates / 2 /.

A disadvantage of the known design is the increased deformability of the soil base, leading during operation to the rapid mechanical destruction of the entire load-bearing road structure.

The closest design adopted for the prototype is a prefabricated road for cars with a carrying capacity of up to 25 tons, including vertical supports in the form of metal piles, metal crossbars are laid on the heads of piles across the road, longitudinal metal beams are laid on the crossbars, on which reinforced concrete slabs of the road surface are laid . The space between the soil surface and the bottom of the slabs is filled with damping material from monolithic or precast foam concrete / 3 /.

The disadvantages of the known design, adopted as a prototype, are: a large dependence on soil conditions, since it is impossible to rely on the damping layer on weak, settling, and heaving soils, which requires a large amount of earthwork to replace problem soils with high-quality ones; great dependence on climatic conditions due to the presence of monolithic concrete work (damping layer of foam concrete); increased metal consumption (piles, crossbars and longitudinal elements); increased labor intensity; the impossibility of an overpass solution in rough terrain (the thickness of the damping layer grows many times); the impossibility of building curved roads, etc.

An object of the invention is the creation of a road design that is minimally dependent on the soil and climatic conditions of the construction area, increasing the operational characteristics of the road, safety, reducing the complexity of its construction, expanding the scope due to the possibility of connecting to roads on a traditional soil base.

The problem is solved in such a way that in a motor road for vehicles with a carrying capacity of up to 25 tons, including piles immersed in the ground with a certain step along the road, crossbars located on piles, pavement made of reinforced concrete slabs, curbs and fences, according to the invention, the piles are immersed in the ground to the calculated depth with the possibility of leveling the elevation of the heads of piles from the planning level at a height of 0.05-1.95 m, the crossbars are placed along the road with support on the heads of the piles and pulled together by long steel elements pads, on the crossbars in the transverse axis of the road, paving slabs are laid, connected to each other with compression by steel ropes in the longitudinal direction of the road axis, while piles, crossbars and slabs are made in the form of prefabricated reinforced concrete prestressed elements with through technological holes for accommodating steel ropes, with the possibility of crimping the elements in mutually perpendicular directions and ensuring structural rigidity, while the ground curbs are located in areas where the height of the road above the level of planning is less than 0.5 m, and fences - in areas where the height above the level of planning is more than 0.5 m. In addition, the road in areas where the height of the plates above the level of planning is 0.5-1.5 m be equipped with semi-buried transport tunnels for driveways, pedestrian crossings and utilities, and the gap between the bottom of the slabs and the ground is partially filled with drainage, insulation or damping material.

The proposed road construction is characterized in that the piles are immersed in soil at a design depth with the possibility of leveling the elevation of the pile heads from the planning level at a height of 0.05-1.95 m, the crossbars are placed along the road with support on the pile heads and are pulled together in lengthy elements steel ropes, on the crossbars in the transverse axis of the road direction laid paving slabs, interconnected with compression steel ropes in the longitudinal direction of the road axis, while piles, crossbars and slabs are made in the form of precast concrete prestressed elements with through technological holes for placement of steel ropes in them, with the possibility of crimping elements in mutually perpendicular directions and ensuring structural rigidity, while the road shoulders are located in areas where the road height above the planning level is less than 0.5 m, and fences are on areas where the height above the level of planning is more than 0.5 m.

All elements of the road can be made using the formless molding technology on long stands made of heavy, fine-grained, expanded clay or fiber concrete, and the plates have curly ends, such as a “tongue-groove” for reliable rallying in the transverse direction.

Combining road elements into large-sized elements can increase the rigidity in the longitudinal and transverse directions from the effects of static and dynamic loads.

A distinctive feature of the road is a combined base, while the road surface is funded on crossbars and piles, and the curb on a natural or reclaimed soil base. This allows you to reduce the cost of construction and operation, since the quality of the curbs does not have such high requirements as the canvas.

The excess of paving slabs above ground level is determined by the longitudinal profile of the site in order to minimize earthwork, as well as soil and climatic conditions, and between the slab and soil a layer of draining, or heat-insulating, or damping material can be placed.

The technical result is the creation of a durable and safe prefabricated highway, consisting of a set of prefabricated reinforced concrete prestressed elements mounted directly at the construction site without welding and monolithic concrete work on a combined base, and the road surface is funded on a pile foundation, and the curb on a dirt base, as well as the ability to connect with intersected roads on a dirt base.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a road plan; FIG. 2 - AA of FIG. one; FIG. 3 - BB FIG. one; FIG. 4 is the same as in FIG. 3, an embodiment of a road with fences and a curb; FIG. 5 is a diagram of a longitudinal profile of a road.

The proposed design of the road 1 consists of a prefabricated reinforced concrete roadway 2 and dirt shoulders 3. The roadway 2 consists of pile supports 4, crossbars 5 and plates 6. Piles 4 are located along the entire length of road 1 mainly along the outer edge of the roadway, and with multi-lane the road - and along the inner edges of the slabs, and the pile heads are located at such a height that provides a bottom mark in the range 0.15-1.75 m from the planning mark, and the pile heads are combined by prefabricated reinforced concrete crossbars 5 connected about the length of a single extended element, separated by expansion joints, metal ropes 7, and some of the crossbars act as fencing elements 8 and separation 9 and are made in the form of a beam-wall, and precast concrete slabs 6 of the carriageway are laid on the crossbars 5 across the axis of the road 1 and united by steel ropes 7 located in the channels 10 formed during the molding of plates, or in plastic tubes embedded in the molding.

Placing the bottom of the slabs above the planning mark ensures the transfer of the entire load from the road to the pile heads, and in certain cases allows placing a drainage or heat-insulating layer under the slab 14. The minimum height of the road above the level of planning is taken to exclude the effect of soil on crossbars and slabs with possible heaving, etc. The maximum height of the road above ground level is determined by economic calculations from the condition of minimizing planning earthworks and is limited by achieving the necessary rigidity in pop The transverse direction due to increased deformability of the piles with the ratio of the free length of the piles to the diameter (L / D) of more than 5. A further increase in height leads to a sharp decrease in the longitudinal and, especially, lateral rigidity of the flyover, which necessitates an increased consumption of the number of piles.

All reinforced concrete products are pre-stressed in the longitudinal direction and are made, preferably, using the formless molding technology on long stands. All products are reinforced with high-strength wire or steel ropes, made of heavy concrete, or expanded clay, or fiber-reinforced concrete, or sulfur-concrete.

Piles - square or rectangular section, solid or with a technological longitudinal cavity, 4-12 m long.

Crossbars - rectangular or trough-shaped, continuous or with longitudinal cavities, used for laying communications, cables and reducing weight, and channels for accommodating steel ropes, used for post-voltage construction. The implementation of the crossbars in the form of a beam-wall allows you to use them as a protective 8 and / or dividing 9 road elements.

The plates are rectangular, trapezoidal, in the form of a parallelogram, solid, or ribbed, or hollow, 6–9 m long, 1.5–2.0 m wide, 20–50 cm thick. The plates are equipped with transverse channels 10 for accommodating steel or other non-metallic ropes 7, 2-3 pieces per plate. The lateral faces of the plates have a figured profile that provides a joint with adjacent plates in the form of a spike-groove. The execution of plates with curly ends allows them to work together due to the distribution of load on adjacent plates.

Trapezoidal (in plan) plates 12 allow you to perform the road with a smooth turn, and plates 13 in the form of a parallelogram allow you to distribute the joints of the plates along the length of the road, as well as reduce the number of plates at a given road width by increasing the area of each plate.

To draw up a construction project, it is necessary to carry out engineering and geological surveys necessary to make a decision on the lengths of piles of the design bearing capacity. The bearing capacity of piles and their number per linear meter of road depends on the design load and is usually 25-60 tf and 0.5-2.0 units, respectively. Designing is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP34.13330.2012, Roads. Updated version of SNiP 2.05.02-85 * and SP35.13330.2011, Bridges and pipes. Updated edition of SNiP 2.05.03-84 *.

The proposed road is being constructed in the following technological sequence.

The axes of the road are broken down, vertical planning is carried out, while some sections of the road will pass in the embankment, and some in the cut. On the planned vertical route (in accordance with the current design standards and taking into account the specifics of the proposed road design), the road of the future road is broken down by the axes of the piles and the piles are loaded to the projected head mark. In FIG. 5 shows an example of a longitudinal profile of the route, where the mark of the existing terrain 15, the mark of the top of the piles 16, the mark of the top of the road 17. Depending on the ground conditions, the technology of immersion piles is selected. Piles are preferably immersed in leader wells with pile-pressing units. It is fundamentally possible to immerse piles in a pile until a design failure is achieved, and undershot parts of piles (“priests”) to saw off.

Then, the crossbars are mounted on the heads of the piles, after which metal ropes are passed into the longitudinal channels of the crossbars and strain them to the design effort. The magnitude of the stress force depends on the air temperature, the time of work (winter or summer). The number of joining bolts depends on climatic conditions and is usually 15-25 pieces, i.e. length up to 100 m. Between the combined sections arrange expansion joints in which tensioning devices 11, such as collets or wedge clamps, are placed. Ropes protect against corrosion by injection of cement mortar or polymer coating.

Then the plates are mounted (top mark 17), joining adjacent plates along the lateral faces in the form of a spike-groove. Then, adjacent 10-20 plates are rallied by tensioning metal ropes placed in channels arranged in plates during molding on a stand.

The use of piles provides the proposed road construction with two main advantages. The first is the independence of the quality and durability of the route from the structure of the upper layer of the earth's surface, including hydrogeological, permafrost, suffosive karst, and other features of the soil section.

The second advantage of the design is the high transparency of the cost of the road, depending on the complexity of the engineering and geological conditions. When passing areas with difficult geological conditions, it is not necessary to repeatedly increase the cost of bedding, grouting, removal of weakly bearing soils, etc., but it is only necessary to increase the immersion depth of the bearing piles.

The use of piles provides the greatest efficiency in conditions of permafrost and in marshy areas. The construction of piles in these conditions is much more reliable and cheaper than the soil foundation of the road. The construction of the road does not affect the degradation of the permafrost zone and ensures its stability as road supports. If necessary, piles can be buried to the root deposits, providing absolute stability of the route.

Of great importance for the environment is the location of the roadway over the earth’s surface, which does not violate the existing groundwater runoff, does not create zones of flooding, backwater and drying out of local areas and, in general, does not violate the near-surface hydrogeological and ecological regime of the construction site. The specifics of the design does not require the creation of a traditional water drainage system, drainage, waterproofing, which almost always leads to a significant violation of the natural landscape and the cost of construction.

The proposed construction of the road on stilts makes it easy to solve the issue of various crossings 18 for people and animals, pass communications, etc.

Information sources

1. Gibshman Design and construction of roads, M., SI. 1986 p. twenty.

2. RF patent No. 2371537, cl. E01C 5/10, public. 10/27/2009.

3. RF patent No. 88359 U1, cl. E01C 9/00, publ. 11/10/2009 (prototype).

Claims (2)

1. Highway for cars with a carrying capacity of up to 25 tons, including piles immersed in the soil with a certain step along the road, crossbars located on piles, a pavement made of reinforced concrete slabs, curbs and fences, characterized in that the piles are immersed in the ground to an estimated depth of the possibility of leveling the elevation of the heads of piles from the planning level at a height of 0.05-1.95 m, the crossbars are placed along the road with support on the heads of the piles and are pulled together by long steel ropes into extended elements, on the crossbars in the transverse axis of the road paving slabs are laid, connected to each other with compression by steel ropes in the longitudinal direction of the road axis, while piles, crossbars and plates are made in the form of prefabricated reinforced concrete prestressed elements with through technological holes for placement of steel ropes in them, with the possibility of crimping elements in mutually perpendicular to the directions and ensuring structural rigidity, while the roadsides are located in areas where the height of the road above the planning level is less than 0.5 m, and fences in areas where the height above the planning level is more than 0.5 m. 2. The road under item 1, characterized in that in areas where the height of the slabs above the level of planning is 0.5-1.5 m, it is equipped with semi-buried transport tunnels for driveways, pedestrian crossings and utilities, and the gap between the bottom of the slabs and the soil is partially filled with drainage, insulation or damping material.

Images