RU2544110C1 - Exhaust device of power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: exhaust device of power plant includes body converting horizontal exhaust gas flow to vertical flow. Device includes vertical cylindrical trunk with silencer installed inside. The silencer is comprised by radial cartridges consisting of hollow case with perforated walls. Cartridges are filled partially with catalyst and tilted.

EFFECT: high-quality exhaust gas treatment, noise damping and higher efficiency.

9 cl, 25 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power plants designed to generate heat and electricity.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2137617, this installation has a liquid cooling system and a fan to create a flow of cooling air.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2439778, IPC F02C 7/14, publ. 03.20.09. The heat recovery power plant contains a gas turbine engine with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected by a gas path to a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed in the exhaust device. The regenerative heat exchanger inlet is connected through a water pump to a water tank. The installation comprises a turbine cooling system, which includes parallel-coupled fuel-vapor and air-fuel heat exchangers. The exit from the regenerative heat exchanger through a fuel-steam heat exchanger and a steam turbine mounted on a shaft of a free turbine is connected to a water tank.

The disadvantages of this scheme are that exhaust gas cleaning and a complex cooling system are not provided.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2319772, IPC F02C 7/14, publ. 03.20.09. The installation contains a gas turbine engine with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected by a gas path to a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed in the exhaust device. The regenerative heat exchanger inlet is connected through a water pump to a water tank. The installation comprises a turbine cooling system, which includes a series-connected fuel-steam and air-fuel heat exchangers. The exit from the regenerative heat exchanger through a fuel-steam heat exchanger and a steam turbine mounted on a shaft of a free turbine is connected to a water tank.

Disadvantage - exhaust gas cleaning is not provided.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2320497, IPC B60R 6/00, publ. 02/10/08. A power plant with heat recovery contains a gas turbine engine with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected by a gas path to a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed. The outlet from the regenerative heat exchanger is connected through a steam turbine and a heat exchanger-condenser with a water tank. The heat exchanger-condenser is installed in the fuel line after the fuel pump. The turbine contains an air cooling system for the nozzle apparatus and the impeller of the turbine, which includes the air supply pipe due to the compressor, a deflector on the turbine disk.

Disadvantage - exhaust gas cleaning is not provided.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2316440, IPC VC 5/00, publ. 02/10/08. A power plant with a cooled turbine and heat recovery contains a gas turbine engine with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected by a gas path to a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed. The inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected through a water pump to a water tank, and the output is connected through an air cooling heat exchanger, a steam turbine and a heat exchanger-condenser to a water tank. The heat exchanger-condenser is installed in the fuel line after the fuel pump. The turbine contains an air cooling system for the nozzle apparatus and the impeller of the turbine, which includes an air intake pipe due to the compressor, an air cooling heat exchanger, a collector, a nozzle apparatus with cavities inside it and a deflector on the turbine disk.

Disadvantages - exhaust gas cleaning is not provided and the turbine cooling system is quite complex.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2312231, IPC F01K 21/04, publ. 12/10/07, a heat recovery power plant includes a gas turbine engine with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected by a gas path to a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed in the exhaust device, the outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected through an air cooling heat exchanger, a steam turbine and a heat exchanger-condenser with a water tank, and an additional combustion chamber is installed in the exhaust device in front of the regenerative heat exchanger. The heat exchanger-condenser is installed in the fuel line after the fuel pump. The turbine contains an air cooling system for the nozzle apparatus and the impeller of the turbine, which includes an air intake pipe due to the compressor, an air cooling heat exchanger, a collector, a nozzle apparatus with cavities inside it and a deflector on the turbine disk.

Disadvantages - exhaust gas cleaning and low installation efficiency are not provided due to the burning of additional fuel at low pressure.

Known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2312236, IPC F01K 15/02 publ. 10.12. 07 g. A power plant with a cooled turbine and heat recovery comprises a gas turbine engine with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine connected by a gas path to a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed, the inlet of which is connected through a water pump to a water tank, characterized in that the outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is connected through an air cooling heat exchanger, a steam turbine and a heat exchanger-condenser with a water tank. The heat exchanger-condenser is installed in the fuel line after the fuel pump. The turbine contains an air cooling system for the nozzle apparatus and the impeller of the turbine, which includes an air intake pipe due to the compressor, an air cooling heat exchanger, a collector, a nozzle apparatus with cavities inside it and a deflector on the turbine disk.

Disadvantage - exhaust gas cleaning is not provided.

A known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2189477, which contains a gas turbine engine - gas turbine engine, a gas path connecting this gas turbine engine with a free turbine and a load in the form of an electric generator, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of the free turbine through a coupling.

The disadvantage of this power plant is that it has a low efficiency of about 20%, which is almost 2 times less than that of modern diesel plants.

A known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2272916 (prototype), which contains a gas turbine engine with a turbine and a free turbine, behind which a regenerative heat exchanger is installed, the outlet of which is connected to the gas turbine engine, specifically to the turbine cooling system.

The disadvantages of this setup are:

1. Complexity and high cost due to the presence of a gas turbine engine.

2. Low efficiency of the power plant due to the fact that the steam supply to the turbine inlet sharply reduces the temperature of the combustion products passing through it, and thereby reduces the efficiency of the turbine and the power plant as a whole. If to compensate for the decrease in the gas temperature in front of the turbine with an increase in fuel consumption, this will lead to defects in the form of burnout of the nozzle and working blades of the turbine. In addition, prolonged transmission of a large flow rate of water through the turbine cooling system leads to scale deposits in the turbine cooling system and poor cooling. The use of distilled water is not possible for technical and economic reasons.

3. There are no measures to reduce the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases.

Known power plant (gas pumping unit) according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 115846, IPC F01D 25/00, publ. 05/10/2012, the prototype.

This gas pumping unit comprises a turboblock in which a gas turbine engine and a centrifugal compressor for compressing gas, comprising a rotor mounted in bearings and provided with seals, are located in a heat and sound insulating container; air cleaning device; exhaust system with an exhaust shaft for removing combustion products and silencers, characterized in that the centrifugal compressor is multi-stage with the ability to provide absolute gas pressure at its outlet in the range of 1.5-25.0 MPa, a gas turbine engine, which together with the suction and exhaust devices located on a common foundation frame, the gas turbine engine is enclosed in a heat and sound insulating casing with elements of ventilation, lighting, fire extinguishing and gas analysis of the gas pumping unit.

Disadvantages - high emissions of harmful substances due to the lack of a gas neutralizer and low efficiency due to aerodynamic losses in the silencing system and large (more than 500 ° C) exhaust gas temperatures.

Known exhaust device of a power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 115843, IPC F04D25 / 00, publ. 05/10/2012, the prototype.

This device comprises a housing that converts the horizontal movement of the exhaust stream into a vertical, vertical cylindrical shaft and a silencer installed in it, while the silencer is made in the form of radially mounted cassettes containing a hollow casing, the walls of which are perforated with holes, the cavity of the cassettes is partially filled with a catalyst.

Disadvantages - poor quality of exhaust gas cleaning due to the fact that during longitudinal flow around the exhaust gases do not penetrate well into the cassettes.

The objectives of the invention: to ensure high-quality purification of exhaust gases.

Achieved technical results - improved exhaust gas cleaning, reduced aerodynamic drag of the silencer and heat exchanger-heat exchanger, reduced noise and increased plant efficiency.

The solution of these problems was achieved in the exhaust device of a power plant containing a housing that converts the horizontal movement of the exhaust gas stream into a vertical, vertical cylindrical shaft and a silencer installed in it, while the silencer is made in the form of radially mounted cassettes containing a hollow body, the walls of which are perforated with holes , the cavity of the cassettes is partially filled with a catalyst, characterized in that the cassettes are installed at an angle.

A heat exchanger-heat exchanger can be installed inside the shaft, which is made in the form of sections made of pipes installed inside the housing, perforated with holes. Sections of the heat exchanger-utilizer can be installed at an angle to the axis of the exhaust shaft. Sections and cartridges can be installed at the same angle to the axis of the exhaust shaft. The number of sections and cassettes can be the same. Sections can be installed behind the cassettes so that their longitudinal axes are located between the longitudinal axes of the cassettes. Sections can be installed behind the cassettes so that their longitudinal axes are aligned with the longitudinal axes of the cassettes. At the exhaust shaft behind the sections or behind the cartridges can be made cyclone cleaner. The cyclone cleaner can be made in the form of an annular collector mounted on the exhaust shaft, connected by openings to the cavity of the exhaust shaft.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1 ... 25, where:

- figure 1 shows the installation diagram of the exhaust device,

- figure 2 shows a view of A,

- figure 3 shows the appearance of the cartridge,

- figure 4 shows a section B-B,

- figure 5 shows a section C-C, the first option

- figure 6 shows a section C-C, the second option,

- Fig.7 shows a section C-C, the third option,

- Fig.8 shows a section C-C, the fourth option,

- figure 9 shows a device with a heat exchanger-utilizer,

- figure 10 shows a view of D,

- figure 11 is an external view of a section of a heat exchanger-utilizer,

- Fig.12 shows a view of E,

- Fig.13 shows a section A-A,

- Fig.14 shows a section G-G, the first option,

- Fig.15 shows a section G-G, the second option,

- Fig.16 shows a section G-G, the third option,

- Fig.17 shows a graph of changes in the coefficient of heat transfer during transverse flow around the tube,

- Fig. 18 shows a fourth embodiment of a heat exchanger-heat exchanger section,

- Fig.19 shows a diagram of a device with a steam turbine,

- Fig.20 shows a system for supplying water to a muffler,

- Fig.21 shows a diagram of a device with a selection of exhaust gases,

- Fig.22 shows the exhaust shaft with a device swirl flow,

- Fig.23 shows a diagram of the installation of cartridges at an angle to the vertical radial plane,

- Fig.24 shows the design of the exhaust shaft with a cyclone cleaner installed after the sections,

- Fig.25 shows a diagram of a device with a steam turbine.

The exhaust device of the power plant (Fig. 1 ... 25) contains a free turbine 1, to the outlet of which an exhaust device 2 with an exhaust shaft 3 is connected. At the same time, the free turbine 1 has a housing 4, an inlet cowl 5, a nozzle apparatus 6, and an impeller 7 s working blades 8 mounted on a shaft 9, which is mounted on bearings 10, the output device 11.

A shaft 13 of a load 14 of an electric power generator or a compressor of a gas pumping unit (GPU) is connected to a shaft 9 through a coupling 12.

In the exhaust shaft 3 is installed a silencer 15, which performs the function of an exhaust gas neutralizer. The silencer 15 is made in the form of cassettes 16 (Fig.3) for ease of assembly and repair. Cartridges 16 are installed in the exhaust shaft 3 along the axis of the exhaust shaft 3 and radially (figure 2).

Below the cassettes 16 outside the exhaust shaft 3, a service platform 17 is made for service personnel.

Cassettes 16 can be made in the form of a housing 18, for example, in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds with a cavity 19 inside. The cavity 19 is partially filled with a catalyst 20, for example graphite-based material. Partial filling of the volume of the cavity 19 of the cassettes 16 with the catalyst 20 allows you to save their sound-damping properties. The housing 18 of the cassettes 16 is perforated with openings 21, which serve to communicate the cavity 19 with the cavity 22 inside the exhaust shaft 3 (Fig. 1) and at the same time are designed to pass the exhaust gases into them for cleaning and are directly involved in reducing the noise level. The cavity 19 is partially filled with shungite mineral in the form of pieces serving as a purification catalyst. The diameter of the holes 21 is made smaller than the size of the pieces of catalyst material to prevent its precipitation during transportation and in operation.

When designing an exhaust gas purification system, it should be taken into account that oxidative and reduction reactions occurring in a catalytic converter are most effective (i.e., occur at the highest rate) in a narrow range of excess air coefficient close to stoichiometric (0.95-0, 98). This effectively neutralizes all three major toxic components of nitric oxide, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are oxidized to form the final products of the combustion of carbon dioxide and water fuels, and nitric oxide is reduced predominantly in reaction with carbon monoxide

2NO + 2CO - >> N ₂ + 2CO ₂

In three-way catalytic converters, the exhaust temperature limit must not exceed 800 ° C. At more than 800 ° C, a loss of catalyst activity occurs, and at more than 1100 ° C, the block of the catalytic substance is melted.

Figure 3 shows the appearance of the cassette 16, figure 4 ... 8 most in detail presents various options for cassettes 16.

The cassette 16 (Figs. 3 and 4) in the first embodiment contains end faces 23 and 24. A base 25 having a handle 26 is connected to the end face 24. A sealing gasket 27 is installed under the base 25. Holes 28 are made for mounting on the base 25.

In the second embodiment (FIG. 5), rounding 29 is made on the side of the housing 17 facing the gas flow. In the third embodiment, instead of the second opposite side of the housing 17, rounding 30 is also performed. In the fourth embodiment (FIG. 7), a sharp edge is made instead of rounding 29 31. In the fifth embodiment, the cassette 16 is made in the form of an aerodynamic profile 32.

It is possible to install in the cavity 22 inside the exhaust shaft 3 of the heat exchanger-utilizer 33, which consists of sections 34 mounted radially (Fig.9 and 10). Sections 34 have inlet and outlet pipes, respectively 35 and 36, to which a supply pipe 37 and a discharge pipe 38 are connected. The use of sections is advisable to reduce the weight of the assembly units of the heat exchanger-heat recovery unit 33 and to simplify its repair.

The appearance of the section 34 is shown in Fig.11. Section 34 contains (Figs. 11 ... 13): a housing 39 having narrow side faces 40, end faces 41 and 42. A base 43 having a handle 44 is connected to the end face 42. A sealing gasket 45 is installed under the base 43. The base 43 is made holes 46 for mounting. In the inner cavity 47, pipes 48 are installed. The housing 39 has openings 49.

In the second embodiment (Fig. 14), instead of a narrow side face 40 facing the gas flow, a rounding 50 is made, and instead of another oppositely located side face 40, a rounding 51 is made. In the third (Fig. 15) embodiment, from the side opposite to the gas flow, made a rectangular slot 52 for the exit of the purified gas. In the fourth embodiment (Fig. 16), a rectangular slit 53 is also provided on the side facing the gas stream.

In the fifth embodiment (Fig. 18), an improved construction of section 34 is shown, which has an extremely high heat transfer efficiency from exhaust gases to the pipe wall 48. It is known from the book of M.A. Mikheev et al., Fundamentals of heat transfer. M., Energy, 1977, p. 104, that the maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient for the transverse flow around the pipe takes place at a point located on the axis of flow, and on the side surfaces about 4 times lower (Fig. 17). In order to correct this drawback, it is proposed to use flanging 54 in openings 49 to enhance heat transfer. Outside the exhaust shaft, a second platform 55 is made for servicing the heat exchanger-utilizer 33 and replacing the sections 34.

In Fig.19 ... 24 shows various options for the relative positions of the cassettes 16 and sections 34. Cassettes 16 can be installed at an angle of 5 ... 7 degrees to the axis of the exhaust shaft 3 so that the exhaust gas flow more efficiently passes into the cassettes 16. However, the installation under an angle of more than 7 degrees is unacceptable due to an increase in the aerodynamic resistance of the cassettes 16. Also, at an angle of 5 ... 7 degrees, sections 34 of the heat exchanger-utilizer 33 can be installed (Fig. 20). In this case, it is possible to install the longitudinal axes of the cassettes 16 and sections 34 with an offset (Fig. 21) or with a combination of the axes (Fig. 22).

It is possible to install a cleaner cyclone 56 on the exhaust shaft 3, which is made in the form of an annular collector 57 with holes 58 extending into the exhaust shaft 3. FIG. 23 shows an embodiment with the cyclone cleaner 56 installed after the cartridges 16, and FIG. 24 after sections 34.

Perhaps the use of a steam turbine 59 connected to a discharge pipe 38 (Fig.25). The supply pipe 37 is connected to the water tank 60 and includes a pump 61.

The steam turbine 59 has the structure shown in Fig.25, and contains an adapter 62, a housing 63, an inlet cowl 64, a nozzle apparatus 65, an impeller 66 with impellers 67 mounted on a shaft 68, mounted in turn on the supports 69, the output apparatus 70 and an exhaust device 71 with an outlet pipe 72. A shaft 74, a second load 75 (generator or compressor) is connected to the shaft 68 by means of a coupling 73.

INSTALLATION WORK

To start the installation (Fig. 1 ... 25), exhaust gases are supplied from a gas turbine engine (a gas turbine engine is not shown in Fig. 1 ... 25) to an entrance to a free turbine 1. The impeller 7 and shaft 9 are untwisted, which rotates through a coupling 12 load shaft 13.

If there is a steam turbine 59, steam from the heat exchanger-heat exchanger 33 is supplied to the steam turbine 59. The impeller 66 is unwound with a shaft 67, which drives the shaft 74 of the second load 74.

Purification of exhaust gases is carried out by the catalyst 19 (figure 3), through which these gases pass. As the activity of the catalyst 19 is lost, the cassettes 16 (FIG. 1) are replaced. Site 37 improves working conditions and ensures the safety of work.

A second pad 54 is used to replace the heat exchanger section 34.

The use as a catalyst 19 of the purification of carbon materials will reduce the cost of equipment and reduce costs during its operation.

The application of the invention allowed:

1. Create an autonomous power plant that provides consumers with both electricity and heat.

2. Increase the efficiency of the installation:

- due to the use of noise suppression units and sections of a flat-shaped gas exchanger-gasifier, their special arrangement in the exhaust shaft and combining of sound attenuation and cleaning functions in one device, due to the implementation of heat exchanger-utilizer sections of such a design, which allows several times to increase the heat transfer coefficient from exhaust gases to the tubes of the heat exchanger-gasifier.

3. To reduce the emission of harmful substances in exhaust gases due to the use of carbon-based cleaning catalysts.

4. Ensure ease of use and safety during installation repair through the use of service platforms.

5. Quickly replace the cartridges with the cleaning catalyst, as they become dirty, and quickly replace the sections of the heat exchanger-utilizer.

Claims (9)

1. The exhaust device of a power plant, comprising a housing that converts the horizontal movement of the exhaust stream into a vertical, vertical cylindrical shaft and a muffler installed in it, while the muffler is made in the form of radially mounted cassettes containing a hollow body, the walls of which are perforated with holes, the cavity of the cassettes partially filled with a catalyst, characterized in that the cartridges are installed at an angle. 2. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger-heat exchanger is installed inside the shaft, which is made in the form of sections made of pipes installed inside the housing, perforated with holes. 3. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the sections of the heat exchanger-heat exchanger are installed at an angle to the axis of the exhaust shaft. 4. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the sections and cassettes are installed at the same angle to the axis of the exhaust shaft. 5. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of sections and cassettes is the same. 6. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the sections are installed behind the cassettes so that their longitudinal axes are located between the longitudinal axes of the cassettes. 7. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the sections are installed behind the cassettes so that their longitudinal axes are aligned with the longitudinal axes of the cassettes. 8. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the cyclone cleaner is made in the exhaust shaft behind the sections or behind the cassettes. 9. The exhaust device of the power plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the cyclone cleaner is made in the form of an annular collector mounted on an exhaust shaft connected by openings to the cavity of the exhaust shaft.

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