RU2537827C1 - Method of training chess-players - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sport.

SUBSTANCE: method of training of athletes, comprising carrying out theoretical studies, the study of methods of self-setting up for the game, carrying out of self-setting up depending on the type of nervous system, characterised in that the exercises to control attention are made, including daily exercises developing concentration, and then the test of attention is carried out, by response testing using a device comprising joystick manipulators for the right and left hands, containing the control buttons, the processor comprising a memory unit and a software device for counting response time for pressing a button, and an indicator light, according to lighting of which the test is started, to implement which the series of signals are given, with a random distribution of different shapes on the screen, when they appear, the buttons on the joystick are pressed, and depending on the test result that appears on the display, the readiness to competitions is determined. When the response time is no more than 59-65 seconds, the conclusion is made about good readiness.

EFFECT: creation of a more efficient method of training chess-players, in which the athletes control attention, which affects the quality of the game, and ultimately leads to increased skill of the chess-player.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of psychophysiology and pedagogy of sports, namely to methods for training athletes involved in chess.

Well-known methods of training chess players, consisting in the fact that in the classroom they learn combinations, sketches, tactics, strategy and tactics of the game, which are then reinforced by repeatedly playing game situations, the knowledge gained is used in the game [1].

Closest to the claimed is a method of training athletes [2], in which the players first learn the game technique, then study the psychological methods of self-tuning, namely they say to themselves the phrases that configure the game, in which, depending on the type of nervous system, they form groups and, accordingly, this training.

However, this method has drawbacks; it does not focus on the development of such an important quality for a chess player as attention. Chess players must be able to manage their attention. Setting up the game is including setting attention.

The objective of our invention is to create a more effective way of training chess players, in which athletes control attention, which affects the quality of the game and ultimately leads to an increase in the skill of a chess player.

To do this, in the method of training chess players, including conducting theoretical classes, studying methods of self-tuning for the game, conducting self-tuning depending on the type of nervous system, they do attention management exercises by performing daily exercises that develop concentration of attention, and then conduct attention testing by checking the response with using a device containing manipulators such as a joystick for right and left hands, containing control buttons, a processor containing a memory unit and software calculating the response time to pressing the buttons, as well as an indicator light upon which a test is started, for which a series of signals are presented with a random distribution of different figures on the monitor, when they appear, they press the buttons on the joystick, and depending on the test result that appears on the monitor , they are judged about their readiness for competition, while at a response time of 59-65 seconds, they conclude that they are well prepared.

Athletes are conditionally divided into two groups: with basic training and well-trained. Beginners often make mistakes, wrong moves, and “yawn” figures. Errors are corrected after the game by analyzing situations. It is necessary to train such quality as attention.

From the point of view of physiology, attention as a kind of state includes a complex of vascular, respiratory, motor and other voluntary or involuntary reactions. At the same time, scientists, for example Ribot [3], play a special role in explaining the nature of attention to movements. Ribot believed that a state of concentration of attention is accompanied by movements of all parts of the body - the face, trunk, limbs, which, together with organic reactions, act as a necessary condition for maintaining attention at this level.

The movement physiologically supports and enhances this state of consciousness. So, for the organs of vision and hearing, attention means concentration and delayed movements. The effort that is made to focus and maintain attention on something always has a physiological basis. According to Ribot, muscle tension corresponds to this condition. At the same time, Ribot associated distraction with muscle fatigue. Therefore, the secret of voluntary attention, as the author of this approach believed, is the ability to control movements. Therefore, it is no coincidence that this theory was called the motor theory of attention. Based on this, we check attention by forcing to press the joystick buttons. The more attentive the athlete, the faster he will press the buttons. Motility of the nervous processes correlates with attention - the more mobile the nervous system, the less mistakes (better attention) [4]. The response time for trained chess players, equal to a value of not more than 65 s, was found experimentally. Two joysticks for the right and left hands are needed to analyze the differences in hemispheric dominance in a chess player. Chess players who show 59 seconds move into a group of stronger players, and players who show 65 seconds or more are considered unprepared and train further.

The drawing shows a device with which to test. It contains:

1 - manipulators such as joysticks with buttons for right and left hands,

2 - manipulator buttons,

3 - a processor containing a memory unit and software for issuing tasks for testing and for calculating the response time, equipped with a signal lamp 4,

5 - monitor for issuing tasks and for issuing the test result, connected to the processor 3.

The device operates in the "feedback" mode. When the device is turned on by the light on of lamp 4, testing begins. On monitor 5, the task is given - signals of various shapes. The exposure duration of the test signal is measured automatically. The sequence of presenting signals in an amount of 120 is random. The testee presses buttons 2 of manipulator 1. The processor calculates the response time and displays the result on monitor 5.

The method is as follows.

University students in physical education classes are engaged in chess. In theoretical classes, they study the theory of chess, openings, the development of the game in the middlegame and endgame, solve problems and sketches, perform exercises to develop attention, do exercises for concentration and self-tuning, repeating different key phrases like “Attention. I am ready for the game! ”Or“ I am calm and ready for the game! ”Depending on the type of nervous system, attention testing is carried out periodically. The exercise on the development of concentration is carried out according to the method of the American psychologist Atkinson, J.U. [5]. You have to sit straight (straightened up) in place, raising your head, putting your chin forward and moving your shoulders back. It is necessary to extend the right hand in a horizontal direction to the right at the same level with the shoulder. After that, turn your head and look closely at your hand; holding it in a straightened position for one minute. After that, you need to do the same with your left hand. After training in two to three weeks, when you will perfectly perform this exercise, you can increase the time to two minutes, then to three and so on, up to five minutes. The palm of the hand should be turned down, as this is the easiest position. A directed look at your fingertips gives you confidence that your hand remains calm. Attention development exercises are performed at each lesson, they consist in putting pieces on the board, and when the student turns away at the request of the teacher, they remove one. At the same time, they are asked to carefully look at the board before and after removing the piece. They check whether the athlete, the chess player, remembers how the pieces stood and which ones they removed right now. The subject is introduced to the instruction, which states that he will be presented with signals of various shapes. “When a signal appears in the form of a rook image on the monitor screen, press button 2 located on the joystick in the right hand with the right hand as quickly as possible, when the signal appears in the form of a horse, use the left hand to press button 2 on the joystick in the left hand, when the signal appears in the form of a pawn - do not respond. In the event of erroneous reactions, do not stop the work, but focus as much as possible on the correct implementation of the instructions. ” On the monitor 4 show a series of randomly selected signals in the form of figures. The device registers and displays on the monitor screen 5 data on the number of transmitted signals, the processing time of the information. The value of time is an indicator of the functional mobility of nervous processes, reflecting the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to provide the maximum possible rate of complex sensorimotor activity for a given individual under conditions of a frequent change of stimuli, which is not without attention. This indicator reflects the level of functional mobility of nervous processes. At the initial stage of preparation, chess players can focus for a long time, and may be inattentive. Training improves memory, attention, while testing allows us to conclude about preparedness for the competition. The preparedness range of 59-65 s was chosen experimentally.

In different study groups, depending on the experience of the game, students were divided into beginners and more experienced. After the course, the training was periodically tested 1 time per semester. Theoretical and practical exercises, attention concentration exercises, attention development exercises yielded results. Testing on the device showed in numbers an increase in the level of attentiveness. We consider students with a response time of not more than 65 s to be prepared for the competition. In competitions, such students show the best results. If the response time is more than 65 s, then a conclusion is drawn about the athlete’s unpreparedness, and if less than 59 s, then such chess players have faster and faster processes of excitation and braking, as a result of which they are more attentive and make fewer mistakes and therefore go into the group of stronger chess players, engaged in another program.

The technical effect of the proposed method for training chess players is to increase the effectiveness of training through attention management training, increased attentiveness and as a result of testing on a testing device, resulting in a higher level of skill for chess players in a shorter time.

Information sources

1. An initial course in chess. Toolkit. Novokuznetsk, 2009

2. RF patent No. 2344801, publ. 2009 year

3. Ribot http://www.effecton.ru/261.html.

4. Dorofeeva N.V. The role of individual psychophysiological features in adapting to sports activities with increased requirements for the neuromotor sphere (for example, karate-do): diss. Cand. biol. Sciences: 03.00.13 / N.V. Dorofeeva. - Novosibirsk, 2000 .-- 140, p. 5. J.W. Atkinson. Strength of concentration: 20 steps to success in any business. Sofia, 2013

Claims (1)

A method of preparing chess players, including conducting theoretical classes, studying methods of self-tuning for a game, conducting self-tuning depending on the type of nervous system, makes exercises for attention management, performing daily exercises that develop concentration of attention, characterized in that they test attention by checking the response with a device containing manipulators such as a joystick for right and left hands, containing control buttons, a processor containing a memory unit and software on calculating the response time to pressing the buttons, as well as an indicator light, upon which a test is started, for which a series of signals are presented with a random distribution of different figures on the monitor, when they appear, they press the buttons on the joystick, and depending on the test result that appears on monitor, they are judged about their readiness for competition, while with a response time of not more than 59-65 seconds, they conclude that they are well prepared.