RU2536427C2 - Method for improving military equipment propulsor floatation ability and military equipment propulsor arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of inventions relates to method for improving propulsor floatation ability of military equipment - caterpillar tank on loose ground and waterlogged bases and to propulsor arrangement. To improve propulsor floatation ability the caterpillar belts of heavy tank are installed at distance from each other of b=B on ground and B≤1 m on peat. In the device, grousers on outer edges of caterpillar belts are made extending and forming common transversal semicylindrical surface. Box-type body is located inside caterpillar belts between carrying, supporting, jockey and driving rollers. Hull side plates are installed at an angle throughout the height of body thus continuing outlines of gun turret. Through vertical body aperture of gun turret turning circle is located immediately between inside edges of caterpillar belt branches.

EFFECT: improved floatation ability of caterpillar propulsor on loose grounds and peat moors.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of caterpillar movers designed to move military equipment and weapons in off-road conditions on unpaved and swampy terrain.

There is a method of increasing patency of a tank propulsion device, namely, that the metal box body under the bottom is equipped with track rollers, in front of the bottom is a pair of idler wheels, behind the bottom is a pair of drive rollers and above the body are support rollers, the rollers jointly cover two wide caterpillar tracks along the sides of the body , caterpillar tracks make up articulated flat tracks with transverse flat grousers extended outward, track tracks with a width of along the sides of the hull are installed at a distance b> in, gun the trunks are mounted to rotate along the sides of the hull, the axles of the track rollers under the central part of the support surface of the tracks and the axis of the track rollers of the rear half of the support surface are arranged in two planes - the central horizontal and rear, inclined to it at a small angle to reduce the resistance of the soil to shear when cornering tank [1].

The disadvantages of this method of increasing the cross-country ability of a heavy tank of the “Ricardo” type Mk.V (England) weighing 34 tons on a caterpillar track is the high pressure under each caterpillar, which is considered in the calculations as a separate stamp that exceeds the bearing capacity of weak soil and peat bases. Wide caterpillars are continuously composed of heavy tracks with a total weight of ≈1 / 4 of the weight of the entire tank. The high side walls of the tank body, covered by caterpillar tracks, dramatically increase the height of the tank. The flat supporting surface of the tank’s caterpillar causes large peaks of contact pressure at the ends and along the edges of the caterpillar, which lead to shifts and abrasions of the soil under the caterpillar with loss of strength and critical stability of the base and slipping of the mover.

There is a method of increasing the cross-country ability of movers of modern heavy tanks, namely, that an armored box-shaped body is installed between two wide caterpillar tracks with continuously articulated flat tracks, the tracks form two flat horizontal contact surfaces with the soil base on both sides of the body and cover supporting available - supporting, front idler and rear drive rollers, while the axles of the extreme idler, drive and support rollers are installed by you e of the axles of the track rollers, the axis of the track rollers are located in one horizontal plane, the upper part of the tank hull in height and the gun turret on the hull are located above the upper branch of the caterpillar tracks, and the caterpillar tracks with a width in the sides of the casing are installed at a distance b> in [ 2].

A significant disadvantage of the known method of moving a firearm on a caterpillar track is that when the mass of the tank, for example, a domestic T-72 is 41 tons and the ground pressure of each track is p = 0.83 kg / cm ^{2, the} permissible pressure [p] is insufficient even for a one-time provision of the bearing capacity of wetland areas (according to S. S. Korchunov) [p] = (2/3 ... 3/4) (0.04 + 0.375P / F) = 0.039 MPa [3] (peat deposit ), where П = 998.6 cm is the perimeter of the supporting surface of one tracked track with an area of F = 30765.6 cm ² , when p> [p]. Moreover, each track works separately on the ground and peat, and not as a single stamp, since the distance between the inner edges of the tracks with a width of = 72 cm is b = 194 cm, which is 2.7 times the width of the track, and the lines of base shifts between the tracks go to the day surface with the loss of its strength and stability.

Closest to the proposed one is a method of increasing the throughput of a Mitsubishi type 90 heavy tracked tank, which consists in installing an armored box-shaped body between two wide tracked tracks with continuously articulated flat tracks, tracks with track rollers on torsion suspensions on both sides hulls of a suspended tank form a supporting transverse semicylindrical surface with an experimental method obtained with a diameter D = l / sinψ, where l is the track length of a weak support surface of a single tape, ψ is the half-contact angle of the semi-cylindrical surface of the track with a weak base with an angle of internal friction φ and specific adhesion with, on a rigid base the track rollers with track belts under the tank weight form a flat bearing surface when the torsion suspensions of the central track rollers are deformed, the tracks are run from transverse extended outward transverse flat grousers, caterpillar tracks cover the supporting, supporting, idler and drive rollers, while the axis of the idler, drive and support vayuschih rollers mounted above the axes of rollers, an upper housing portion of the tank height and on the turret casing positioned above the upper branch of caterpillar tracks and crawler belt width in the sides of the set from one another at a distance b> in [4].

Despite the higher cross-country ability on soil bases of a Type 90 tank (Japan) with a transverse semi-cylindrical supporting surface of tracks with a radius of contact R with a base obtained experimentally to overcome weak soils, compared to a domestic T-72 tank with a flat supporting surface the contact of the tracks with the ground, the installation of tracks from each other at a distance b> in the peat bogs will lead to the development of lines of displacement of the base under the tracks with their exit to the day surface, with This loses the bearing capacity of the peat base and its stability under each caterpillar track - the tank falls through and sinks in the peat bog. Moreover, the decisive negative role in the method of increasing the patency of the well-known tank of the “type 90” (Japan) is played by the flat supporting surface of the tracks in cross section, which causes a concentration of contact stresses under the edges of the tracks, twice the average pressure under the track, and progressive soil outbursts - beneath its edges or a peat slice with the edges of the caterpillar tracks, leading to a sharp decrease in the permeability of the tank.

The technical result of the proposed method for increasing the patency of the mover of military equipment - a caterpillar tank in conditions of weak soil and swampy peat deposits, consisting in the fact that the armored box body with the turret of the gun turret is installed between two wide caterpillar tracks with continuously articulated tracks, the tracks are assembled together with the track rollers on torsion bar suspensions on both sides of the hull of a heavy tank in suspension, form a longitudinal section in longitudinal section PORN semicylindrical surface diameter D = l / sinψ, where l - trace length of the support surface of caterpillar belts on weak grounds, ψ - angle semicontact convex surface endless track with weak soil or peat base having at unbroken structure angle φ _p internal friction and specific adhesion c _p, a rigid base with caterpillar track rollers ribbons under the weight p of the tank form a flat support surface upon deformation of the torsion suspensions central rollers, tracks operate integrally pulled out to the height t transverse flat lugs which form the outer edges of the two crawler belts single semicylindrical supporting surface with a diameter D _n = D + 2t, crawler belt cover support supporting, tightening and leading rollers, the axes of stretch, the leading and supporting rollers mounted above the axles of the track rollers, the gun turret on the casing is positioned above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks, and the caterpillar tracks wide in the sides of the casing are installed at a distance b from each other, reaches I mean that the caterpillar tracks of a heavy tank are installed on the ground from each other at a distance b = c, on peat - b≤1 m with a total projection area of the track of the supporting surface on the horizontal tracked mover F = (2B + b) l, the supporting surface of both caterpillar tracks create under pressure

,on the ground: $$[p_{G.\mathrm{from}tR}^{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}]=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="00000034.png,00000039.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\varphi )$$

,

,where is the specific grip $$c={{\displaystyle c}}_{\mathrm{from}tR}[\raisebox{1ex}{$2-tg\phi $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$tg{{\displaystyle \phi }}_{\mathrm{from}tR}$}\right.]$$

,

on peat: $$[p_{T.\mathrm{from}tR}^{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}]=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+\sin \varphi )$$

total hemispherical surface with a design diameter D _sf = D at the half-contact angles of tracks with a weak soil or peat base ψ = φ = arcsin [2sinφ _p / (1 + sin ² φ _p )] - φ _p by installing or extending in the longitudinal rows of the track rollers along the radius R = D / 2, while the lugs on the outer edges of the tracks protrude to a height:

, $$T=t+(D/2)\cdot [\mathrm{one}+\sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{(b/D)}^2}]-(2\mathrm{at}+b)\cdot 2ctg\psi$$

,

the box-shaped hull with the side sides is placed in the space of the track between the support, support, tension and driving rollers, which cover the longitudinal armor plates along the sides of the hull and the sides of the hull, the side armor plates of the hull are set at an angle along the height of the hull, continuing the outer contours of the gun turret, and at the ends of the hull mounted to it at an acute angle, the through vertical opening of the turntable of the gun turret in the hull is located directly between the inner edges of the upper branches caterpillar tracks, and when installing caterpillar tracks of medium and light tanks beyond the edges of the side walls of the hull at a distance from each other b>at> 1 m, each caterpillar track in cross section is made along an arc of a circle with a design diameter D _n , while tracks in the length of c tapes are performed alternating through one with shortened tracks to the width of the paired rollers with an even number of tracks, with an odd number of tracks, both extreme ends of a track joined in a closed tape take a length of.

, модулем деформации Е=0,3 МПа, коэффициентом Пуассона µ=0,3.Example 1. A tank weighing P = 50 tons moves through wetlands - a peat lowland deposit. The distance between the tracks is b = 100 cm, the width of the track is = 90 cm, the contact length of the track with the reservoir is l = 750 cm. The peat deposit from the surface to a depth of 1.5 m is characterized by specific adhesion with = 0.02 MPa, the angle of internal friction $${\varphi }_T={\varphi }_T^{\mathrm{from}tR}={16}^{\mathrm{about}}$$

, the deformation modulus E = 0.3 MPa, the Poisson's ratio µ = 0.3.

We give an assessment of the permeability of the reservoir tank. Since b≤1 m, it is believed that two tank tracks form a single stamp with an area of F = l · (2c + b) = 444 · 280 = 124320 cm ² , with a perimeter П = 2 · (444 + 280) = 1448 cm. Long-term bearing capacity of peat deposits according to A.G. Gunzburg [3] p _A = 0.04 + 0.375 · P / F = 0.0437 MPa. Permissible bearing capacity of the reservoir [p] = (2/3 ... 3/4) p _A = 0.0314 MPa, average pressure of the hemispherical support of the tank on the reservoir:

p _cf = P / F _sf = 50,000 / [F (1 + 2 (1-cosφ) / sin ² φ)] = 50,000 / {124320 · [1 + 2 (1-cos16 °) / sin ² 16 °]} = 0.01992 MPa≤ [p],

therefore, peat throughput is guaranteed by the tank. The elastic component of the complete draft of the tank tracks as a single hemispherical stamp with an area of:

$$\begin{array}{l}{F}_{\mathrm{from}f}=F[\mathrm{one}+2(\mathrm{one}-\cos \varphi )/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="00000034.png,00000039.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\varphi ]R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{at}n\mathrm{but}{S}_{\mathrm{at}PR}=\sqrt{F[\mathrm{one}+2(\mathrm{one}-\cos \varphi )/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="00000034.png,00000039.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\varphi ]}\cdot (\mathrm{one}-{\mu }^2)p_{cp}/(\pi E)=\\ =501\cdot (\mathrm{one}-{0.3}^2)\cdot 0.2381/(3\pi )=11.52\mathrm{from}m.\end{array}$$

With a single hemispherical bearing surface of both tracks on the reservoir, the maximum angle of the elastic half-contact should be [5] ψ _T = φ = 16 °, the permissible pressure on the peat deposit for repeated passage through tanks is:

. $$[p_{G.\mathrm{from}tR}^{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}]=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+\sin \varphi )=2\cdot 0.02\cdot \cos {16}^o/(\mathrm{one}+\sin {16}^o)=\mathrm{0,03014}MP\mathrm{but}$$

.

The arrow of maximum deflection of an undisturbed deposit under the center of the hemispherical surface of both tracks is:

S ₀ = l (1-cosφ) / (2sinφ) = 444 (1-cos16 °) / (2sin16 °) = 31.17 cm,

.and the total elastic sediment of the reservoir under the center of the tank will be $$S_{\mathrm{at}PR}^{\Sigma }=S_0+S_{\mathrm{at}PR}=31.17+11.52=44.7\mathrm{from}m$$

.

On the other hand [3], the elastic sediment of a flat hard rectangular stamp on a peat deposit at an external pressure p _cf is defined as:

. $$S^{\Sigma }=p_{cp}/K=p_{cp}\sqrt{F}/E=0.1992\sqrt{124320}/3=23.41\mathrm{from}m$$

.

Thus, the supporting surface of the tank’s tracks, which fits into the hemispherical spherical surface, reduces the draft of tracks on the edges of the tank by 2 times.

For the first time, a new scientific direction “Physics of Contact Interaction of the Material Environment” (section “Mechanics”) [5] made it possible to establish clear boundaries of all five phase stress-strain states of material (soil, peat) media, which are determined by physical characteristics: angle (φ) of internal friction and specific adhesion (c) inherent in all material media (even surface water film). It has been established that the bearing capacity of soil and peat bases under convex bearing loaded surfaces is increased by 30% compared to flat bearing surfaces, and the stability of the bases is 2 times. From the course “Peat Deposit Mechanics”, it is known that if the distance between two flat dies is equal to or less than 1 m, then both dies work on peat under the same load as one stamp, therefore, installation of long and short tracks in a track through one reduces by 35% the mass of the caterpillar tracks when they are elongated and cover the entire tank hull, while the tangential shear-peat surface of the deposit of stress τ _cf decreases, and the bearing capacity of the deposit under the serrated edge surface of the track increases sharply, since the diameter of the side surface increases by more than 2 times.

A device of a caterpillar mover of a tank type "Ricardo" Mk.V (England) weighing 34 tons, consisting of a metal box body, under which the support rollers are installed, in front of the bottom is a pair of tension rollers, behind the bottom is a pair of drive rollers, and above the body are supporting rollers of two caterpillar tracks of large width in, composed of articulated flat tracks with flat straight narrow lugs protruding outward to a height t and covering rollers along the sides of the body at a distance b> b, of the axles of the support rollers under the central part the support surface and the axes of rollers rear half of the support surface of caterpillar travel installed in two straight planes - the central and rear inclined thereto at a small angle, the two gun barrels mounted on lateral sides of the body [1].

A disadvantage of the known caterpillar mover is its low passability of weak soil and obstruction of swampy peat bases, associated with the installation of caterpillar tracks at a distance greater than the width of the caterpillar belt itself, when the line of base displacement under the caterpillar tracks goes to the day surface and its stability and passability by the tank are lost. At the same time, the pressure under each track mounted under the track rollers in two planes, forming an almost one plane at an obtuse angle on weak bases, increases sharply under the edges of the tracks and cuts the base when its strength and stability are lost under the tank.

A device is known for the caterpillar mover of a modern heavy tank, consisting of an armored box-shaped body with a width of b, two wide caterpillar tracks of width <b that are installed along the side sides on the outside of the body, composed of articulated flat tracks with lugs protruding at the same height t, covering installed on torsion bar suspensions in the same horizontal plane, track rollers, front idler, rear drive and, if necessary, supporting twin rollers, from the gun turret, mounted on the casing together with its upper part above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks [2].

A significant drawback of modern heavy tanks with flat supporting branches of caterpillar tracks installed at a distance b> in from each other is their obstruction of weak soil and swampy peat bases.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a heavy tank "type 90" of the Japanese company Mitsubishi, consisting of an armored box body with a width of b, two wide caterpillar tracks with a width of <b, installed along the side sides on the outside of the body, made up of articulated flat tracks with lugs protruding at the same height t, covering the support rollers installed in suspension on torsion suspensions in one transverse semicylindrical plane with a diameter D = l / sinψ, where l is for on the track of the weak bearing surface of the tracks, ψ is the half-contact angle of the semi-cylindrical surface of the track with a weak base with an internal friction angle φ and specific adhesion with, in the presence of supporting, tension and drive rollers mounted above the axes of the track rollers, from the gun turret mounted on turntable on the casing together with its upper part above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks [4].

Given the high cross-country ability of the ground foundations, the well-known caterpillar tracks of heavy tanks, when installing track tracks with a width of at a distance b> c, turn out to be insufficient for the cross-country ability of weak water-saturated soil and peat wetlands. There are no calculated analytical dependences for the parameter - diameter D of the supporting surface of the tank caterpillar mover, size D is obtained empirically when assessing the patency of specific soil bases.

The technical result in the proposed device of the mover of military equipment - a caterpillar tank, consisting of an armored box-shaped body of width B ₀ , of two caterpillar tracks of width b installed along the side sides of the body, made up of articulated tracks with lugs protruding to a height t, and covering installed in suspended on torsion suspensions in one transverse semicylindrical plane with a diameter of D = l / sinψ track rollers, where l is the track length of the track surface of the track, ψ is the angle n contact contact of the semi-cylindrical surface of the track with a weak base of undisturbed structure with an angle φ _{str of} internal friction and specific adhesion c _pp , as well as support, tension and drive rollers, from the axes of the tension, support and drive rollers installed above the axes of the support rollers, from the gun turret, mounted turntable on the casing above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks, is achieved by the fact that the caterpillar tracks of a heavy tank with rollers made installed on the ground from each other at a distance b = in, then fe - b≤1 m, with a total projected area of the bearing surface on the horizontal track caterpillar drive F = (2c + b) l, both the support surface of caterpillar tracks at a pressure

,for soil: $$[p_{\mathrm{from}tR.G}^{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}]=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="00000034.png,00000039.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\varphi )$$

,

,where is the specific grip $$c={{\displaystyle c}}_{\mathrm{from}tR}[2-tg\varphi /tg{\varphi }_{\mathrm{from}tR}]$$

,

for peat: $$[p_{\mathrm{from}tR.T}^{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}]=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+\sin \varphi )$$

made hemispherical with a calculated diameter D _sf = D at the half-contact angles of caterpillar tracks with a weak soil or peat base ψ = φ = arcsin [2sinφ _p / (1 + sin ² φ _cmp )] - φ _p , where for the peat deposit φ _T = φ _str and c _T = c _str , while the lugs on the outer edges of the tracks are protruding to a height:

$$T=t+(D/2)\cdot [\mathrm{one}+\sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{(b/D)}^2}]-(2\mathrm{at}+b)\cdot 2ctg\psi$$

and form a common transverse semi-cylindrical surface, the box-shaped case is installed in the inner space of the track between support, support, tension and driving rollers so that the longitudinal armor plates of the sides of the case form an acute angle with the vertical, continuing the outer contours of the gun turret, and at the ends of the case - at an acute angle to its longitudinal axis, the gun turret is mounted directly above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks, while the through vertical opening of the turntable of the gun of the turret in the hull is made directly between the inner edges of the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks, and when installing the caterpillar tracks of medium and light tanks behind the edges of the side walls of the hull at a distance from each other b> in the supporting surface of each caterpillar belt in cross section, a hemispherical diameter is calculated D _sf, lugs at the edges of each endless track protrude to a height T, and length of tracks in a track tapes through one set alternating with short chain tracks to a value w widths of paired rollers with an even number of shoe, for an odd number shoe both end abutting in a closed belt made of track length.

The invention is illustrated in graphic materials, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of the caterpillar mover of a heavy tank with a longitudinal vertical section of the caterpillar (with rollers and tank body), Fig. 2 is a front view of the caterpillar mover of the tank at b = c, in Fig. 3 is a top view of the tank on a caterpillar track at b = c, FIG. 4 is a rear view of a caterpillar mover of a light and medium tank at b> c, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a track with its width b = b, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the track when b <b, in FIG. 7 is a view A of FIG. 5, in FIG. 8 is a view B in FIG. 6.

The device of the caterpillar mover of a heavy tank of the T-10M type according to the proposed technical solution consists of an armored box body. 1 (FIG. 1) of width B ₀ (FIGS. 2, 3) mounted on two caterpillar tracks 2 of width B located along the side sides 3 of the housing at a distance b = from each other and composed of articulated tracks 4 with protruding the length of the truck with lugs to a height t on the inner edge of the track and to a height:

на ее внешнем крае (фиг.2), где угол совместного контакта гусеничных лент с их полусферическим следом на грунтовом и торфяном основании ψ=φ=arcsin[2sinφ_стр/(1+sin²φ_cmp)]-φ_стр, для торфяной залежи - φ=φ_T.стр и c=c_T.стр. Диаметр полусферического следа D_сф=l/sinψ, где l - длина следа на поверхности слабого основания. Бронированный коробчатый корпус 1 установлен во внутреннем пространстве гусеничных лент 2 между опорными 5, поддерживающими 6, натяжными 7 и ведущими 8 катками. Боковые борта 3 корпуса 1 с гусеничными лентами 2 установлены под углом по высоте корпуса, продолжая внешние обводы орудийной башни 9, а на концах корпуса - под острым углом к нему. Орудийная башня 9 установлена непосредственно под верхними ветвями гусеничных лент 2, при этом сквозной вертикальный проем поворотного круга (не показан) орудийной башни в корпусе 1 выполнен непосредственно между внутренними краями верхних ветвей гусеничных лент 2. $$T=t+(D/2)\cdot [\mathrm{one}+\sqrt{\mathrm{one}-{(b/D)}^2}]-(2\mathrm{at}+b)\cdot 2ctg\psi$$

at its outer edge (2), where a corner joint crawler belts contact with their hemispherical trace on peat based soil and ψ = φ = arcsin [2sinφ _p / (1 + sin ² φ _cmp)] - φ _p, for peat deposits - φ = φ _{T. page} and c = c _{T. page} The diameter of the hemispherical wake D _sf = l / sinψ, where l is the length of the wake on the surface of a weak base. The armored box-shaped housing 1 is installed in the inner space of the caterpillar tracks 2 between the supporting 5, supporting 6, tension 7 and driving 8 rollers. The lateral sides 3 of the hull 1 with caterpillar tracks 2 are installed at an angle along the height of the hull, continuing the outer contours of the gun turret 9, and at the ends of the hull - at an acute angle to it. The gun turret 9 is mounted directly below the upper branches of the tracked belts 2, while the through vertical aperture of the turntable (not shown) of the gun turret in the housing 1 is made directly between the inner edges of the upper branches of the tracked belts 2.

The caterpillar device of medium and light tanks (Fig. 4) can be performed by installing caterpillar tracks 2 on the sides of the box-shaped body 1 at a distance b> in such a way that the track rollers 5 with the support part of each caterpillar track 2 will form two hemispherical surfaces on a weak base with a diameter D _sf = D, while the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks 2 extend at the level of the base of the gun turret 9, and the tracks 4 of the caterpillar tracks are made with a semi-cylindrical longitudinal surface with a diameter D.

Tracks 4 of tracked tracks 2 (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8) are installed alternating through one with shortened tracks 10 to the width of the paired rollers with an even number of tracks, with an odd number of tracks, both extreme mating tracks 11, 12 are closed in a closed tape in equal to the width of the track.

In wetlands with an angle of internal friction of φ = 15 °, specific adhesion c = 0.015 MPa and specific gravity γ = 0.0017 kg / cm ^{3, a} heavy tank of the T-10M type weighing 50 tons with the proposed hemispherical bearing surface of both caterpillar tracks with a width of = b = 72 cm and diameter D _sf = l / sinψ _Т = 444 / sin18 ° = 1436.9 cm, where l = 444 cm is the length of the track of the supporting part of the track, the half-contact angle along the length l of the track with the peat bog is equal to ψ = φ = 18 °. The area of the hemispherical supporting surface of the tank’s tracks is:

- по теории «Физики контактного взаимодействия» и допускаемое давление:F _cf = (2c + b) · l · [1 + 2 (1-cosφ) / sinφ] = 216 · 444 · 1.3165 = 126258 cm ² and creates pressure on the peat bog p _cf = 50000/126258 = 0, 0396 MPa. Permissible pressure on peat bog $$[p_{\mathrm{from}tR.T}^{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}]=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+\sin \varphi )=2\cdot 0.015\cdot \cos {\mathrm{eighteen}}^o/(\mathrm{one}+\sin {\mathrm{eighteen}}^o)=\mathrm{0,0218}MP\mathrm{but}$$

- according to the theory of “Physics of contact interaction” and permissible pressure:

[p] = (2/3 ... 3/4) p _A = 0.708 · (0.04 + 0.9 · P _sf / F _sf ) = 0.708 · [0.04 + 0.9 · 5295/126258] = 0,055 MPa - for a one-time passage of a swamp by a tank according to the theory of "Mechanics of Peat Deposit". Thus, a one-time patency of wetlands with a modified heavy tank T-10M is provided.

, где угол сектора полуконтакта продольной опорной поверхности гусеницы при «первой критической» нагрузкеThere is a method of increasing the terrain of the soil and peat base under the caterpillar mover, which consists in increasing the supporting surface (F) of each track at a given length (l) by increasing the width (c) on the bases with low bearing capacity, in giving the bevels the supporting surface of the tracks at the edges caterpillars, characterized in that the track surface of the caterpillars gives a longitudinal radial extension $$R\ge (\mathrm{one}/\sqrt{\pi })/\sin {\psi }_{\max }$$

, where the angle of the sector of the half-contact of the longitudinal bearing surface of the track at the "first critical" load

 on the ground:

, $$\angle ({\psi }_{\max }^{\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{one}})=arctg[p_{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{from}tR}/(p_c^{\mathrm{to}R}+0.5p_{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{from}tR}+c\cdot ctg\varphi )]$$

,

 on peat:

, $$\angle ({\psi }_{\max }^{\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{one,}T})=arctg\{2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="00000034.png,00000039.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}2\varphi \cos \varphi /[(\mathrm{one}+7\sin \varphi +2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="00000034.png,00000039.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}}^2\varphi )\cdot (\mathrm{one}+\sin \varphi )]\}$$

,

where φ is the angle of internal friction, s is the specific adhesion of the base,

- давление структурной прочности основания на растяжение; $$p_{R\mathrm{but}\mathrm{from}t}^{\mathrm{from}tR}=2c\cdot \cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}+\sin \varphi )$$

- pressure of the structural strength of the base in tension;

- критическое давление под центром радиальной поверхности контакта гусеницы с основанием, $$p_c^{\mathrm{to}R}=\mathrm{from}\{\pi /[\mathrm{one}+(\varphi -\pi /2)tg\varphi ]+[2\cos \varphi /(\mathrm{one}-\sin \varphi )]\}$$

- critical pressure under the center of the radial contact surface of the track with the base,

 and along the width of the caterpillar, the tracks are given a convex abutment surface under a radius R, while the caterpillar draft under the center on the base is equal to:

, $$S=(\mathrm{at}/2)\{[(\mathrm{one}-\cos {\psi }_{\max })/\sin {\psi }_{\max }]+p_{\mathrm{from}R}^{\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{one}}[\mathrm{four}(\mathrm{one}-{\mu }_0^2)/(\pi \cdot E_0)]\}$$

,

- среднее «первое критическое» давление на основание, а также известно устройство гусеничного движителя, реализующего способ повышения его проходимости.where E ₀ , µ ₀ is the deformation modulus and Poisson's ratio of the base, $$p_{\mathrm{from}R}^{\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{one}}$$

- the average "first critical" pressure on the base, and also known is the device of a caterpillar mover that implements a method of increasing its cross-country ability.

) грунт теряет структурную прочность и находится уже в нарушенном состоянии с развитием линий сдвигов из-под подошвы жесткого плоского штампа [5] на дневную поверхность. В известных расчетных зависимостях не учитываются новые положения, полученные на базе развития научного направления «Физика контактного взаимодействия материальных сред», заключающееся в том, что на дневной поверхности грунт (торф) в массиве находится в состоянии растяжения на глубину h=c/γ, где γ - удельный вес грунта. В предлагаемом способе и устройстве повышения проходимости оснований под гусеничными движителями учитываются новые открытые положения «Физики контактного взаимодействия», существенно уточняющие теоретические зависимости оценки проходимости оснований новой техникой.A significant drawback of the known method and device for increasing the passability of the bases under the caterpillar mover is the semi-empirical dependence of the determination of the required angle ψ of the half-contact of the caterpillar mover with a soil and peat base, due to the lack of true knowledge and analytical expressions for determining the physical parameters of the material - angles of internal friction φ, φ _pp and specific adhesion c, c _{pp of} broken and undisturbed structure. The known dependencies for determining the angles ψ use the values of φ _p , c _p obtained on the basis of testing soil samples or peat of an undisturbed structure under compression. In fact, at the “first critical” pressure ( $$p_{\mathrm{from}R}^{\mathrm{to}R\mathrm{one}}$$

) the soil loses its structural strength and is already in a disturbed state with the development of shear lines from under the sole of a rigid flat stamp [5] to the day surface. In the known calculated dependences, new provisions are not taken into account, obtained on the basis of the development of the scientific direction “Physics of Contact Interaction of Material Media”, namely, that on the day surface the soil (peat) in the massif is in a state of extension to a depth h = c / γ, where γ is the specific gravity of the soil. In the proposed method and device for increasing the permeability of bases under caterpillar movers, new open provisions of the “Physics of Contact Interaction” are taken into account, which substantially clarify the theoretical dependences of assessing the permeability of bases with new technology.

  Information sources

1. J. "Technique of youth", No. 2, 1988, - p.8-9.

2. J. "Technique of youth", No. 11, 1991, - p.16-17 ("T-72").

3. Reference peat / Under. ed. A.V. Lazareva and S.S. Korchunova. - M .: Nedra, 1982.- 700 p.

4. Reference Jane "Tanks and military vehicles" / Christopher F. Voss. - M .: ACT "April", 2005. - S.50-51.

5. Khrustalev E.N. Contact interaction in geomechanics. - Part II. Stresses and deformations of the foundations of structures. - Tver .: Scientific book, 2007.

Claims (7)

1. A way to increase the cross-country ability of the mover of military equipment - a caterpillar tank in conditions of weak soils and swampy peat deposits, namely, that an armored box-shaped body with a gun turret on a turntable is installed between two wide caterpillar tracks with continuously articulated tracks, the tracks are assembled together with supporting rollers on torsion bar suspensions on both sides of the hull of a heavy tank in suspension, form a common supporting semi-cylindrical surface in cross section b diameter:
D = l / sinψ,
where l is the track length of the track surface of the track with a weak soil or peat base, which has an undisturbed structure with an angle φ _{str of} internal friction and specific adhesion c _pp ;
on a rigid base, track rollers with caterpillar tracks under the weight of the tank P form a flat supporting surface when the torsion suspensions of the central support rollers are deformed, the tracks are made in one piece with transverse flat lugs extended outward to the height t, which form the outer edges of both tracks of a single semicylindrical bearing surface diameter:
D _n = D + 2t,
caterpillar tracks cover the support, support, tension and drive rollers, while the axes of the tension, drive and support rollers are installed above the axes of the support rollers, the gun turret on the casing is placed above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks, and the track width B is installed on each side of the casing at a distance b, characterized in that the caterpillar tracks of a heavy tank are installed from each other on the ground at a distance b = B, on peat - B≤1 m with a total projection area of the track of the supporting surface onto the horizontal tracked th mover:
F = (2B + b) l,
where B is the width of the track track;
the supporting surface of both tracks forms under pressure
on peat:

on the ground:

total hemispherical surface with a design diameter D _cf = D at the half-contact angles of tracked tracks with a weak base:
ψ = φ = arcsin [2sinφ _p / (1 + sin ² φ _p )] - φ _p,
where for disturbed soil structure:

and for peat deposits:
φ = φ _{T. str} ; c = c _{T. str} ;
by installing or extending in the longitudinal rows of the track rollers along the radius R = D / 2, while the lugs on the outer edges of the tracks are protruded to a height of:

and form a common transverse semi-cylindrical surface, the box-shaped casing is placed in the inner space of the caterpillar tracks between the supporting, supporting, tensioning and driving rollers, which cover the longitudinal armor plates along the sides of the casing and the sides of the casing; the outer contours of the gun turret, and at the ends of the hull set to it at an acute angle, and the through vertical opening of the turntable of the gun turret in the housing they bite directly between the inner edges of the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when installing caterpillar tracks of medium and light tanks beyond the edges of the side walls of the hull at a distance from each other b> B, the supporting surface of each track in transverse and longitudinal sections is performed along a circular arc with a design diameter D _n , and the lugs on the edges of each track track protrude to a height T. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure ensuring the patency of a weak soil base with a caterpillar course of the tank is calculated according to:
[p _G ] =

- soil
[p _T ] =

- peat base. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the narrow tracks of width B in the caterpillar tracks are alternating through one with shortened tracks to the width of the supporting surface of the paired rollers with an even number of tracks, with an odd number of tracks, both extreme tracks joined in a closed tape take B. width 5. The device of the mover of military equipment - a caterpillar tank, consisting of an armored box-shaped body of width B ₀ , of two caterpillar tracks of width B installed along the side walls of the body, made up of articulated tracks with lugs protruding to a height t and covering mounted in suspension on torsion bar suspensions in one transverse semicylindrical plane road wheels with a diameter of:
D = l / sinψ,
where l is the track length of the weak supporting surface of the tracks;
ψ is the half-contact angle of the semi-cylindrical surface of the track with a weak base of the undisturbed structure with an angle φ _{str of} internal friction and specific adhesion c _str ;
and also support, idler and drive rollers, from axles of idler, support and drive rollers installed above the axles of the support rollers, from the gun turret mounted on a turntable on the casing above the upper branches of the tracks, characterized in that the tracks are heavy tank with rollers made installed on the ground from each other at a distance b = B, on peat B≤1 m with a total projection area of the track of the supporting surface on the horizontal tracked mover:
F = (2B + b) l,
supporting surface of both tracks under tensile pressure

forms a common supporting hemispherical surface with a design diameter of D _sf = D at the half-contact angles of caterpillar tracks with a weak soil or peat base:
ψ = φ = arcsin [2sinφ _p / (1 + sin ² φ _cmp )] - φ _p,
and for a peat deposit φ = φ _T.p.st , c = c _T.p.st , with specific adhesion

under pressure
on the ground:

on peat:

the lugs on the outer edges of the tracks are protruding to a height of:

and form a common transverse semi-cylindrical surface, the box-shaped case with side sides is installed in the inner space of the tracks between the support, supporting, tension and driving rollers so that the longitudinal armor plates of the body sides form an acute angle with the vertical, continuing the outer contours of the weapon tower, and at the ends hull - at an acute angle to its longitudinal axis, the gun turret is installed directly above the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks, while a through vertical aperture the mouth of the gun turret in the housing is made directly between the inner edges of the upper branches of the caterpillar tracks. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that when installing caterpillar tracks of medium and light tanks beyond the edges of the side walls of the hull at a distance from each other b> B, the supporting surface of each track in cross section is made on a hemispherical surface with a design diameter D _sf , lugs along the edges of each track are made to a height of T. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the tracks of width B in the tracks are installed alternating through one with shortened tracks to the width of the paired rollers with an even number of tracks, with an odd number of tracks, only both extreme ends of the tracks closed in a closed tape are made of width B .

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