RU2532872C2 - Automated installation with ingot mould of variable size and with bottom - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: installation 160 comprises an ingot mould with variable dimensions of the inner cavity. The ingot mould consists of a frame 161 having the first side, the second side opposite to the first side, the third side and the fourth side opposite to the third side. The inner surfaces 163 and 164 of the lateral sides confine the ingot mould cavity 162. One or more sides are able of displacement in respect to the other side during casting resulting in the change of cross section of the cast product being formed. A programmable logic controller is used to shift the sides. A cast product can be of tapering shape at one or both ends.

EFFECT: reduction of losses caused by cast product end trimming, elimination of longitudinal cracks.

31 cl, 42 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

This invention relates to an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, which provides the desired narrowing or configuration of the casting.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Metal ingots, billets and other castings can be molded using a vertically oriented mold located above a large casting pit below the floor level of the production site where the metal casting plant is located, although this invention can also be used in horizontal molds. The bottom component of the vertical mold is the seed. At the beginning of the casting process, the seeds are in their highest position and are located in the molds. As the molten metal is poured into the channel or cavity of the mold and cooled (usually with water), the seed is slowly lowered at a given speed using a hydraulic cylinder or other device. As the seed lowers, the hardened metal (in particular aluminum) rises from the bottom of the mold, and ingots, round billets or billets are formed, which may also be referred to as “castings” in this document.

While the invention is applicable to casting metals in general, including, but not limited to, aluminum, brass, lead, zinc, magnesium, copper, steel, etc., the examples given and the described preferred embodiment may relate to aluminum, and therefore, to ensure consistent terminology throughout the description, the terms “aluminum” or “molten metal” may be used, although the invention extends to metals in a wider scope.

While there are numerous ways to obtain and give the desired configuration of the design for vertical casting, figure 1 illustrates one example of such a method. In figure 1, the vertical casting of aluminum generally occurs below the floor level of the production site in the casting pit. Directly under the floor 101a of the foundry pit is a caisson 103, in which a liner 102 of the hydraulic cylinder is located.

As shown in FIG. 1, the components of the bottom of a typical vertical aluminum casting device shown inside the casting hole 101 and the caisson 103 are a hydraulic cylinder liner 102, a piston 106, a mounting base housing 105, a plate 107 and a bottom 108 (also called a pan or seed base), all of which are shown at vertical levels below floor 104 of the foundry.

The mounting base body 105 is attached to the floor 101a of the casting hole 101, under which the caisson 103 is located. The boundaries of the caisson 103 are defined by its side walls 103b and the floor 103a.

Figure 1 also shows a typical assembly of the molding table 110, which can be tilted, as shown in the drawing, by means of a hydraulic cylinder 111 pushing the tipping lever 110a of the molding table so that it rotates around point 112 and thereby raises and rotates the main assembly molding frame, as shown in figure 1. There are also carriages of molding tables, which provide the ability to move the nodes of the molding tables to the position of the casting above the foundry pit and from it.

In addition, FIG. 1 shows a plate 107 and a seed base 108 partially lowered into a casting hole 101 with a casting 113 (which may be an ingot or billet in a partially formed state). The casting 113 is located on the seed base 108, which may contain a tray or bottom, usually (but not always) fitted on said base 108, all of which are known in the art and therefore do not require a more detailed image or description. Although the term “seed” is used for element 108, it should be noted that other terms such as “bottom” and “pallet” are also used in the industry to refer to element 108, with the term “bottom” usually used in the case of ingot casting, and the term "pallet" - in the case of casting a ticket.

Despite the fact that in FIG. 1 only one seed 108 and a support are shown on the seed base 108, there are usually several such components that are mounted on the corresponding seed base and in which at the same time the tickets, products with a special narrowing or configuration or ingots are cast lowering the seed during the casting process.

When a working fluid is introduced into the hydraulic cylinder under sufficient pressure, the piston 106 and, therefore, the seed 108 are raised to the required initial level for the casting process, which is the position where the seeds are inside the forming table assembly 110.

The lowering of the seed 108 is carried out by dosing the working fluid from the cylinder at a given speed, as a result of which the piston 106 and, therefore, the seed, are lowered at a given and adjustable speed. During this process, the mold is controlled to be controlled to facilitate the solidification of the rising ingots or billet, typically by means of water cooling.

There are numerous molding and casting technologies embedded in molding tables, and none of them is required for the practical implementation of the various embodiments of the invention, as they are known to those skilled in the art.

The upper side of a conventional casting table is functionally attached to or interacting with a metal distribution unit. A conventional casting table is also functionally attached to the molds housed therein.

When the metal is cast using a vertical continuous casting mold, the molten metal cools in the mold and rises continuously from the lower end of the mold as the seed base is lowered. It is assumed that the rising billet, ingot or casting of a different configuration is sufficiently hardened so that it retains the desired profile, narrowing or other necessary configuration. Between the rising hardened metal and the permeable annular wall there is an air gap. Below, there is also an air-filled cavity of the mold located between the rising hardened metal and the lower part of the mold and related equipment.

At the end of the casting, the casting, in this example, an ingot, is removed from the bottom. On figa depicts an illustrative configuration of the bottom with the casting 113, shown in the process of its removal from the bottom 108 after casting. On figa shows the bottom 108 with a specific geometric shape or configuration in the inner cavity, which takes the initial flow of molten metal during the casting process, so that when the casting 113 hardens, its outer perimeter takes this geometric shape.

On figa shows executed on the casting 113 inclined sections 115 and 116, as well as a recessed section 119. The inclined sections 115 and 116 in shape and configuration generally correspond to the recesses 117 and 114 of the bottom and have some deviation, usually related to shrinkage or other casting factors considered. The protrusion 118 of the bottom in shape and configuration corresponds to the recess 119 of the casting, which can be seen in figa. The inclined sections 115 and 116 in the ingots of the prior art are made with different angles, such as 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °.

FIG. 1B shows a vertical section through a mold wall 142 of the prior art with a casting surface 142a, casting 141, mold frame 143, cooler chamber 149, cooler impact zone 146, where the cooler (typically water) strikes and cools the casting 141. Options The implementation of this invention can be applied to devices of the prior art of all types, including the configuration of the mold shown in figure 1 B.

In traditional direct casting and casting processes, the ingot to be rolled during rolling is subjected to a substantial transformation process. The ingot can be rolled to produce a plate, a blank for a can, aluminum foil and other products of various sizes and thicknesses as a result of a process in which the ingot is repeatedly passed through a series of rolls that are sequentially moved closer and closer to each other. This rolling equipment may be called a rolling mill stand.

One of the problems associated with this process is that part of the rolled ingot is sent to production waste (scrap) due to a phenomenon sometimes called the formation of longitudinal cracks (the terms “alligator” and “crack network” have also become widespread). The formation of longitudinal cracks occurs during the rolling process, when the metal from the main body of the ingot is rolled and pushed towards the end of the ingot on the sides of its head and bottom parts. If you look at the ingot in this state from the side, the head and bottom parts resemble the mouth of an alligator, whence the term “alligator” comes from. The formation of longitudinal cracks is illustrated in Fig.9. During the rolling process, the ends of the ingots, on which longitudinal cracks are found, are cut off, which leads to a significant amount of aluminum waste, which must be reheated and cast, which, in addition, requires additional costs.

In the prior art it was shown that the formation of longitudinal cracks can be reduced or eliminated by obtaining an angle in the case of narrowed head and bottom parts.

The aim of some embodiments of the present invention is to create an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, which provides narrowed and other configurations of castings.

The aim of some embodiments of the present invention is to provide an automated installation with a mold of variable size, which provides a reduction in losses caused by cutting ends.

Other objectives, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description, claims and accompanying drawings, which are part of it. In realizing the objectives of the present invention, it should be understood that its essential features can change from the point of view of design and structural structure as necessary, while the accompanying drawings show only one expedient and preferred embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following is a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts a vertical projection of a vertical casting pit, caisson and a device for casting metal, known from the prior art,

figa depicts a vertical projection of the bottom with a special profile and removed from it corresponding castings known from the prior art,

figv depicts a vertical section of the prior art wall or casting surface of the mold, cooling the casting and mating with it,

figure 2 depicts a schematic horizontal section of a typical fixed mold, known from the prior art,

figure 3 depicts a schematic vertical projection of the lower part of the casting, expanding in the horizontal direction during the casting process,

figure 4 depicts a schematic horizontal section of an embodiment of the perimeter wall of the mold, showing the possible directions of movement of the side walls,

figure 5 depicts a top view of one embodiment of the proposed installation for casting in the mold, in which two perimeter walls are made with the possibility of movement,

6 depicts a top view of one embodiment of the proposed installation for casting into the mold, in which two end perimeter walls are made with the possibility of movement,

Fig.7 depicts a typical vertical projection of one example of an ingot, which may be a product obtained using embodiments of the present invention, and has a narrowing on the upper and lower parts of the ingot,

Fig.8 depicts a vertical projection of a typical casting in the form of an ingot with some shrinkage and the associated formation of cracks shown in the corners,

Fig.9 depicts a vertical projection of the ends of the ingot, such as shown in Fig.8, after rolling operations, generally illustrating the formation of longitudinal cracks,

figure 10 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, in which the width of the bottom exceeds the initial distance or the width of the movable walls,

11 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, in which the movable walls of the mold allow initial placement of the bottom in the gap between these walls,

12 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom after passing part of the path during casting as the bottom is lowered,

Fig.13 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom further along the casting process, illustrating the possibility of forming a casting with a size exceeding the width of the bottom,

Fig.14 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom even further along the casting process compared to Fig.13,

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated plant with a variable-size crystallizer and a bottom, illustrating the possibility of influencing aspects of the present invention on the profile or configuration of the upper part of the casting at the final stage of the casting process,

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated plant with a mold and a mold having a bottom showing a casting at some stage of the casting process, the present invention providing a size and a narrowing or configuration of the casting on one side different from said parameters on the other side,

17 depicts a schematic view of an aspect of a proposed automated installation with a mold and a mold having a variable size and a bottom, showing a bottom with a different configuration and width approximately equal to the internal dimension of the mold,

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated plant with a variable-size crystallizer and a bottom, showing another aspect of the present invention, in which liquid cooling is used inside the bottom to provide more suitable cooling of the molten metal relative to the bottom,

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a variable-size crystallizer and a bottom, showing another aspect of the invention in which the movement of the side walls of the mold is not linear,

Fig.20 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing an aspect of the invention, which is similar to that shown in Fig.19, but in which one of the walls of the mold moves at an angle different from the angle at which the other moves mold wall, to provide a different size and / or configuration on one side of the casting compared to the other side,

Fig.21 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing the wall of the mold with a different shape or configuration,

Fig.22 depicts a schematic view of another aspect of the invention with a bottom of a different configuration, which needs to have side walls full height on only two sides, and on the other two sides in this aspect, the walls of the mold can be used as part of the perimeter wall or the entire perimeter wall,

Fig.23 depicts a schematic view of an embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, shown in Fig.22, with the end face of the bottom and the missing end walls of the bottom,

Fig.24 depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of a possible configuration of the seed mold for some aspects of the present invention, which can be used in embodiments of the perimeter wall on only two sides,

Fig. 25 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a variable-size crystallizer and a bottom, showing another aspect of the present invention, in which a liquid cooling unit is used inside the bottom to provide more suitable cooling of the molten metal relative to the bottom,

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of another aspect of the present invention, which comprises a top casting lid that is lowered from above onto molten metal at the top of the casting,

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 26, in which the top cover is worn on top of the cast, whereby the molten metal assumes a contour or side configuration of the top cover,

FIG. 28A is a schematic view of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 when casting exits from the bottom of the mold cavity with a top cover of a special shape,

FIG. 28B is a schematic view of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 when casting exits from the bottom of the mold cavity with a top cap of a different shape,

FIG. 28C is a schematic view of an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 when casting exits from the bottom of the mold cavity with a top cover of yet another shape,

Fig.29 schematically depicts another aspect of the present invention, in which an electromagnetic field is used to form the upper part of the casting at the end of the casting process,

Fig.30 depicts a schematic vertical projection of illustrative movements that can make the movable walls of the mold in accordance with the variants of implementation of the present invention,

Fig.31 depicts a vertical projection of the casting, the profile or configuration of which can be obtained as part of the casting apparatus disclosed by aspects of the present invention,

Fig.32 depicts a fragment 32 of Fig.31,

Fig.33 depicts a block diagram of one embodiment of a process that can be used in embodiments of the present invention,

Fig.34 is a vertical projection of another aspect of the present invention, showing another form of the ingot, which can be obtained as part of this invention,

Fig. 35 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control installation that can be used to control the movement of the side walls of the mold when practicing aspects of the present invention,

Fig. 36 is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or mold surfaces of the mold, which may be used in some aspects of the present invention, with upper and lower chamfered surface areas on each mold wall,

figa depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or injection surfaces of the mold, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, with two upper and two lower beveled surface areas on each wall of the mold,

figv depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, with upper and lower beveled surface areas on each mold wall, and each beveled area is combined with a curved or curved surface area,

figs depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, with the upper and lower curved or curved surface areas on each wall of the mold,

Fig.37D is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, with upper and lower beveled surface areas on each mold wall, the upper beveled surface area having angular dimensions different from the angular dimensions of the lower beveled surface area

Fig. 37E depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, with an upper beveled surface area in combination with a lower curved or arched surface area on each mold wall,

figa depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold in a state that may be the initial phase of the start of casting in one embodiment of the invention, and the level of molten metal in the initial position is in the middle part 623a of the walls of the mold,

figv depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold in a state that can correspond to the second phase of casting in one embodiment of the invention, and the level of molten metal is raised from the level shown in figa, so that it is in the upper part 623b mold walls,

figs depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or casting surfaces of the mold in a state that can correspond to the third phase of the casting or the casting phase in steady state in one embodiment of the invention, and the level of molten metal is in the middle part 623a of the walls of the mold,

Fig. 38D is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or mold surfaces of the mold in a state that may correspond to the third casting phase or steady state casting phase in one embodiment of the invention, the level of molten metal being at the bottom of the mold walls 623c,

Fig.39 depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold in one embodiment of the invention, showing the upper part of the casting, which is shaped with narrowing at a given angle,

40 is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or mold surfaces of the mold in one embodiment of the invention, illustrating the need to maintain the level of molten metal in the lower part of the mold walls to prevent frozen metal from blocking the further movement of the mold walls inward while creating a constriction on the upper part ,

Fig. 41 is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of the walls or molding surfaces of the mold in one embodiment of the invention, showing the upper part with a beveled surface, which in combination with the bottom forms a narrowed lower part of the casting, and

Fig. 42 is a schematic vertical view of the configuration of the mold and the bottom, showing another feature of some embodiments of the present invention, in which the walls of the mold can move outward to match the expansion of the bottom at the initial stage,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Many of the means and components for fastening, connecting, manufacturing and other purposes used in this invention are widely known and used in the field of technology of the described invention, and their exact nature or type is not necessary for understanding and application of the invention by a person skilled in the art or science, therefore they are not considered in significant detail. Moreover, the various components shown or described herein for any particular application of the present invention may vary or vary as provided by this invention, and the practice of a particular application or embodiment of an element may already be widely known or used in a given field of technology or by specialists in a given field of technology or science, therefore, all of them are not considered in significant detail.

When in the claims, which is part of this document, we are talking about any element in the singular, this is done in accordance with the established practice of drawing up the claims and does not imply any limitation. In such cases, if there are no special instructions, the use of the singular does not limit the number of elements to one, but means "at least one."

It should be understood that this invention is applicable to various types of metal casting and casting technologies and configurations, including, but not limited to, both insulated extension technology and traditional casting technology, and can be used in conjunction with them. Thus, the mold must be configured to receive molten metal from a source of molten metal, whatever type this particular source is. Therefore, the cavity of the mold should be oriented in the receiving position of the flowing or molten metal with respect to the source of molten metal.

Aspects of the present invention are directed to controlling the sizes of the head and bottom parts of the ingots using an automated installation with a variable-size crystallizer and a bottom. In some embodiments of the invention, for example, the two outer rolling sides of the mold are moved in and out relative to each other, thereby narrowing the ingot. The thickness of the bottom can be narrower than the nominal thickness of the ingot, and at the beginning of casting, the sides of the mold can be oriented inward toward the center of the ingot and adjacent to the sides of the bottom. At the initial stage of the casting process, the sides of the mold gradually move outward at a speed at which the required dimensions of the bottom part of the ingot are formed, resulting in any of a number of different required geometric shapes depending on the application. When the dimensions of the ingot reach the desired nominal thickness of the ingot for rolling, the mold walls are held in a constant position. Then, at the end of the casting process, the walls of the mold gradually move until the head part (upper part) of the ingot reaches the required dimensions, after which the casting process is completed. Professionals should be aware that the top of the ingot is sometimes called the head of the ingot, and the bottom of the ingot is sometimes called the bottom of the ingot or the bottom of the ingot when the ingot is in the vertical casting position.

Aspects of the present invention also provide a process that can be used in some embodiments of the invention, including controlling casting parameters, such as controlling the metal level, casting speed, and the speed of movement of the sides of the mold.

The casting process may include three phases that are considered from a control point of view to provide a more desirable casting, namely, starting casting, stationary casting and ending casting, while stationary casting occurs between starting and ending casting. For each of these casting phases, different control parameters may be required, and depending on the desired casting results, additional phases may be introduced to divide one or more of these phases into subphases.

In some embodiments of the invention, the geometric surface shape of the mold may also play a role in the process in question. For example, at the beginning of casting, when the walls of the mold move outward from the center of the ingot, the level of the metal can be maintained above a certain level relative to the mold or its walls. Then, shortly before the end of the casting, when the sides of the mold return back inward to the center of the ingot, the metal level can drop to a lower level between certain points that are within a certain range between the walls of the mold, while the mold walls have a special angle of inclination. The angle of inclination of the walls of the mold may also depend on the casting speed and shear rate of the walls of the mold. This can also be done where the mold design is such that the angle between the points on the mold wall is substantially equal to the angle of the desired cast.

Castings in the form of ingots can be made with any of a number of different lengths, widths and configurations, typically in the range of 15-25 feet (4575-7625 mm) in length. An ingot 20 feet (6.1 m) long may have a cross section with dimensions, for example, 30 × 72 inches (762 × 1829 mm) or, optionally, 20 × 60 inches (51 × 152 mm).

It is also believed that a deeper bottom can contribute to reducing or eliminating the segregations and gaps of the casting, so that by the time the bottom falls below the mold walls, the casting can maintain its own shape. In General, in the prior art, there are configurations in which the bottom has a greater width than the cavity of the mold, and cannot pass into the specified cavity. On the other hand, aspects of the present invention make it possible to insert the bottom into the cavity of the mold, which allows the molten metal to remain and cool in the bottom for a longer time before additional weight from the additional casting is placed on this starting metal, as a result of which the lower part hardens castings can better maintain the shape of the ingot as a whole by solidification. In other aspects of the invention, external or internal bottom cooling may contribute to such support.

There is an additional advantage provided by the interaction with the bottom through the mold and the fact that the gap between the nozzle and the bottom is maintained in accordance with normal industry standards. Another such advantage is the prevention of massive oxidation, which becomes possible if movable mold walls are made, which seal the mold or reduce it to a gap sufficient to prevent overflows when the bottom passes through the mold and the metal rolls over the edge of the seed in contact with the mold.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the term “bottom” may also be referred to as “pan”, “blank block”, “slab” or “seed”, all of which are widely used in this industry to refer to the same general purpose components.

When the problem was recognized and attempts were made to narrow or shape castings or ingots in more desirable ways, this was done by machining or cutting the cast after it was molded and hardened, which is a more expensive and time-consuming procedure that still leads to an undesirable amount of metal , which must be cut into scrap, re-melted and cast again. An attempt was also made to taper the casting (s) by casting into seeds with angles greater than 30 °, which affects only the bottom of the casting. On the other hand, this invention makes it possible to shape or shape castings at both the upper and lower ends during the casting process, without the need for subsequent machining of the casting.

Figure 1 shows a vertical projection of a vertical casting pit, caisson and a device for casting metal, known from the prior art, a more detailed description of this drawing is given above.

Figure 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of a prior art, typical fixed or fixed perimeter wall 120 of a mold having an outer surface 123, an inner surface 122, a cavity 124 of the mold and holes 121 for supplying lubricant.

Figure 3 shows a schematic vertical projection of the thickness of the lower part of the casting 126 in the horizontal direction during the casting process. Figure 3 shows the walls 125 of the mold, the inner dimension 129 of the mold, casting 126 and downward arrows 128 showing the direction of movement of the casting down. The bottom 127 is shown, and for the image of the thicker part at the bottom of the casting 126, a broadening distance 130 is shown. In general, the lower part may be thicker, since in the middle part of the casting there may be a large shrinkage, and in the lower part there may be less shrinkage.

The lower part of the casting is sometimes called the bottom or bottom, and this part has a tendency to thicken, sometimes called "broadening of the bottom." The broadening of the bottom can be shown in exaggerated proportions in figure 3 for illustrative purposes, and the specific amount of broadening depends on the numerous parameters of the casting process, which are usually known to specialists. Specialists should understand what significant amounts of time and money are spent on removing bottom broadening from the casting, which requires sending the metal to scrap, as well as significant costs in the process.

Figure 4 shows a horizontal section of a variant of execution of the perimeter wall 140 of the aspect of the proposed installation with a mold, showing the possible directions of movement of the mold wall or the side walls of the mold. Figure 4 shows the side walls 141 of the mold, the end walls 142 of the mold, as well as arrows 144 indicating the potential movement of the side walls 141, and arrows 145 indicating the potential movement of the end walls 142.

Figure 5 shows a top view of one embodiment of the proposed installation 160 for casting into the mold, in which two of the rigid perimeter walls, the first side wall and the second side wall are made with the possibility of movement. Figure 5 shows the inner surfaces 163 of the side walls of the mold and the inner surfaces 164 of the perimeter wall, as well as the centralized cavity 162 of the mold. Frame 161 may be any of a number of different commonly used frames.

Those skilled in the art will understand how it is possible to control the shape or configuration of the casting by adjusting one or more casting parameters in combination with moving walls, namely, parameters such as casting speed, casting length, metal level, vertical height of castings, speed of mold walls moving in the direction in or out depending on circumstances, as well as other casting parameters. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the proposed installation with a mold allow you to create any of a number of different shapes and configurations of castings, including essentially linear sides, arched, convex and concave sections of the head and bottom parts, so that any section has a generally rectangular form. Due to a number of potential requirements and changing indicators for this particular casting, not a single set of parameters should be considered mandatory for this invention, instead, the invention provides an additional installation for controlling casting having additional parameters, which ensures the direction of work to optimize the resulting castings.

It should be understood that the movement of the walls of the mold can be carried out mechanically by any of a number of different methods, for example, using engines that cause movement. An engine functionally connected to the first side wall of the mold frame can be controlled, for example, by a servo drive, which can be controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC), which can be controlled, or whose configuration can be implemented using a human-machine interface (HMI). It should be noted that other types of mechanical drives and controls may be used within the scope of this invention.

Figure 6 shows a top view of one embodiment of the proposed installation 160 for casting into the mold, in which two of the end perimeter walls forming the third and fourth sides are made with the possibility of movement. Figure 6 shows the frame 161, the inner surface 164 of the end wall, the inner surface 163 of the side walls, the cavity 162 of the mold, and the end walls are moved to the positions shown by dash-dotted lines and designated as the inner surface 164 of the end walls of the perimeter wall.

Figure 7 shows a typical vertical projection of one example of the ingot 201, which may be a product obtained using the embodiments of the present invention, and has a narrowing on the upper and lower parts of the ingot 201. In Fig.7 shows a potential final shape or configuration of the casting 200, having a width of 202 and a height of 203, the arrow 204 representing the linear distance for the arcuate portion of the casting 201, which may also be a part made at an angle. 7 shows the upper part 201a, the middle part 201b and the bottom (lower) part 201c of the casting 201. It should be noted that using embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the upper, middle or lower part can be molded in accordance with the requirements in a controlled manner, and the upper part 201a may be configured and tilted different from those for the lower part 201c, including using another method or device. For example, the lower part can be formed by the internal cavity of the bottom with the special configuration shown in figa, while the configuration of the upper part 201a can be created using embodiments of the present invention, in which, for example, movable walls are used.

7 also shows an angle 199 on the cast surface to be rolled. While within the scope of the present invention, said angle 199 may be any angle, in some embodiments it is preferred that angle 199 has a value in the range of 21-29 °, for example 26 °. Although the choice of the preferred angle 199 for the casting 201 to be rolled may be influenced by numerous factors, in some applications of the present invention, a 26 ° angle may be preferred. 7 also illustrates the possibility of various processing of the casting in different sections or different parts, and, in particular, in Fig.7 shows three parts:

upper part 201a, middle part 201b and lower part 201c. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that for casting control and control, casting 201 can be theoretically divided into any number of different parts to provide the desired final casting, and not a single specific number is necessary to put the invention into practice.

While previous attempts to influence the shape of the ingots used methods other than those proposed (i.e., cutting the casting after casting, shaping the bottom), this invention has the advantage of being able to form the desired casting in the necessary manner, for example, by performing narrowing of both the upper part and the lower part of the casting.

On Fig shows a vertical projection of a typical casting in the form of an ingot with some shrinkage and broadening of the bottom. On Fig shows the casting 210, the angles 211 and the thickness 212 of the casting.

FIG. 9 is a vertical projection of the ends of an ingot 210, such as that shown in FIG. 8, after being rolled, generally illustrating the formation of longitudinal cracks. Figure 9 shows the casting width 217, longitudinal cracks 215 and 216 at opposite ends of the casting 210. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the formation of longitudinal cracks is an undesirable and unnecessary rolling result.

Figure 10 shows a schematic vertical projection of one embodiment of an automated installation 230 with a mold of variable size and bottom, in which the width of the bottom 235 exceeds the initial distance or the width of the movable walls. 10 shows a pouring cup 231, movable walls 233 and 234, a bottom 235, molten metal 237 supplied by the pouring cup 231 in the form of a metal stream 232. In this aspect of the invention, the bottom 235 has a width of 238 and is made with a drive cylinder 236, providing lowering of the casting during the casting process. Arrows 240 and 241 show the corresponding movements of the mold walls 233 and 234, respectively.

Figure 11 shows a schematic vertical projection of one embodiment of an automated installation 250 with a mold of variable size and bottom, in which the movable walls of the mold allow the initial placement of the bottom 256 between the walls 254 and 255. Figure 11 shows a casting cup 251, molten metal 252, supplied to the bottom 256 and accumulating in the form of metal 253 in the bottom 256. The bottom 256 has an approximate thickness of 259, and the arrows 257 indicate the downward movement of the cylinder 258 and the bottom 256. The walls are shown ki 254 and 255 of the mold, which in accordance with this invention during the casting process move out. In addition, figure 11 illustrates the possibility of using in some embodiments of the invention, the internal angles 239 in the bottom 256 to provide a specific geometric shape on the bottom of the ingot. This type of shaping, used in combination with other aspects of the present invention, can be used to produce castings formed on the upper and lower parts without the need for subsequent trimming or other machining to shape.

Professionals should be clear that in the General case, it is desirable to reduce the height difference during casting, which is the distance from the casting cup to the place where the molten metal lands on the bottom or is applied to it. From comparing the elevation difference in casting in FIG. 10 with the difference in FIG. 11, those skilled in the art will appreciate the benefits that can be obtained in aspects of the present invention due to the possibility of raising the bottom higher in the mold cavity and its location between movable mold walls, such as movable walls 254 and 255.

On Fig shows a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation 250 with a mold of variable size and bottom after passing part of the path during casting as the bottom 256 is lowered. Figure 12 shows the first movable wall 254 of the mold, which can move as indicated by arrows 261, and a second movable mold wall 255, which can be moved as indicated by arrows 262. The apparatus 250 shown in FIG. 12 further shows molten metal 252 coming from the casting machine a cup 251, accumulated metal 253, and arrows 261 and 262 reflecting the respective movements of the walls 254 and 255.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation 250 with a mold of variable size and the bottom further along the casting process compared with Fig, illustrating the possibility of molding castings 253 with a size exceeding the width of the bottom 256. Figure 13 shows the first a movable wall 254 of the mold, the second movable wall 255 of the mold, the directions of movement of which are indicated by arrows 261 and 262, respectively. The installation 250 contains a casting cup 251, molten metal 253, the seed 25 6 and the drive cylinder 258. The drawing shows some dimensions, namely, the width 267 of the seed 256 with the cylinder 258, the seed 256 having a width of 256, while the ingot 253 is cast with an outer dimension exceeding the outer dimension of the seed 256 in the same direction. The distance 264 is the incremental size on one side of the ingot 253, by which the size of the ingot 253 exceeds the size of the seed 256, and the distance 265 is the incremental size on the opposite side of the ingot 253, by which the size of the ingot exceeds the size of the seed 256.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation 250 with a mold of variable size and bottom even further during the casting process compared to Fig, with this there is a further shaping of the casting 253. Since the elements and components are similar to elements and components 13 are indicated by the same reference numbers, each of them is not additionally determined and is not considered here in relation to FIG. 14, since they are sufficiently defined and considered in relation to FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated plant 250 with a variable-size crystallizer and a bottom, illustrating the final stage of casting and the potential impact of aspects of the present invention on the shape or configuration of the top of the casting 253. Arrows 261 show how mold walls 254 and 255 can be moved inward at the final stage of the casting process to provide an impact on the shape and configuration of the casting 253. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in such a installation tions required profile and shape of the casting 253, any of a number of different forms and configurations may be programmed, with no particular shape or configuration is not mandatory for the practice of this invention. In fact, a feature of some aspects of the present invention is the ability to produce any of a number of different forms of castings 253 for a particular application. Since the elements and components similar to the elements and components in Fig. 13 are denoted by the same reference numbers, each of them is not further defined and is not considered here in relation to Fig. 15, since they are sufficiently defined and considered in relation to Fig. 13.

On Fig shows a schematic view of one embodiment of an automated installation 250 with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing the casting 253 at some stage of the casting process, and this invention provides a different size and shape of the casting on one side and on the other side. Figure 16 illustrates how, if desired, aspects of the invention can be used to create asymmetric castings 253, since one side can be made with dimensions different from the dimensions of the opposite side. In FIG. 16, the distance from the center of the casting 253, indicated by arrow 265, differs from the distance indicated by arrow 264, on the opposite side of the casting 253. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the possibility of manufacturing asymmetric products is not limited by dimensions, as shown in FIG. 16, but can also be used to produce castings 253, the shape and configuration of which on one side differ from the shape and configuration on the other side. Since the elements and components similar to the elements and components in Fig. 13 are denoted by the same reference numbers, each of them is not further defined and is not considered here in relation to Fig. 16, since they are sufficiently defined and considered in relation to Fig. 13.

FIG. 16 also illustrates how, in some embodiments of the invention, the angle of the upper surface 254a of the mold wall 254a can correspond to the corresponding angle 253a on the bottom of the resulting cast, and similarly, the angle of the upper surface 255a of the mold wall 255a corresponds to the corresponding angle 253b on the bottom of the resulting cast. In practice, angles 253a and 253b may differ by one or more degrees from the corresponding angle on the upper parts 254a and 255a of the walls 254 and 255 of the mold.

On Fig shows a schematic view of an aspect of the proposed automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing the bottom 269 with a different configuration and a width approximately equal to the internal dimension of the mold.

FIG. 17 further shows another aspect of the invention, depicting grooves 269a oriented vertically around bottom 269. These grooves 269a can provide a conductive channel and a surface area through which a cooler can pass to provide further assistance to the bottom 269 and the cooling of molten metal contained therein. . Another cooling means is shown in FIG. 18 and described below with reference to it.

In addition, FIG. 17 shows another configuration of the bottom 269, in which to create the desired shape for subsequent rolling of the casting 269, the inclined sides 270 can be formed in the bottom 269 to form the lower part of the resulting casting. This aspect can be used in combination with other aspects to provide the desired shape or configuration of the castings on both the top and bottom, all of which are within the scope of this invention. For example, using a bottom 269 such as that shown in FIG. 17, the lower part of the casting shown in FIG. 34 can be obtained. Since the elements and components similar to the elements and components in Fig. 13 are denoted by the same reference numbers, each of them is not further defined and is not considered here in relation to Fig. 17, since they are sufficiently defined and considered in relation to Fig. 13.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of another aspect of an automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing the installation of liquid cooling used inside the bottom 292 and providing more suitable cooling of the molten metal 291 in relation to the bottom 292. On Fig shows a cooling unit 292, wherein a cylinder 258 is used to accommodate the cooling unit 294, while the cooling unit may comprise a cooling channel 293 operably connected to components 2 94 cooling units to provide sufficient cooling and solidification of the molten metal containing the casting 291 during the initial stage of the casting process. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of a number of different types, components, and locations of a cooling installation may be used within the scope of this invention, and not a single specific view thereof is necessary for the practical implementation of the invention. Since the elements and components similar to the elements and components in Fig. 13 are denoted by the same reference numbers, each of them is not further defined and is not considered here in relation to Fig. 18, since they are sufficiently defined and considered in relation to Fig. 13.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing an aspect of the invention, in which the movement of the side walls 300 and 301 of the mold is not necessarily linear, as in the previous drawings, but instead they are rotated or otherwise are moved in an outward and inward manner in order to influence the shape of the casting in accordance with arrows 302 and 303. For example, the wall 300 can be moved down to goal 305, and the wall 301 of the mold can be slanted to an angle of 306 to provide the desired casting shape as the bottom 294 is lowered during casting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that for specific applications, walls 300 and 301 may be configured with a specific external shape, and various shapes and angles may be used to obtain various final configurations of the castings. Also shown in FIG. 19 is a pouring cup 251, a cylinder 258, and a bottom 294. Additionally, it should be noted that the installation of the walls 300 and 301 with the possibility of rotation can be implemented using a cam or other configuration to achieve the desired final casting, all of which are in within the scope of this invention.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing an aspect of the invention, which is similar to that shown in Fig, but in which one of the walls of the mold moves at an angle different from the angle at which it moves another wall of the mold, to provide different size and / or shape on one side of the casting compared to the other side. 20, the angle 305 is not equal to the angle 306 on the opposite wall of the mold, which is done to provide an asymmetric configuration of the mold or to provide a shape on one side of the casting 293 that is different from the shape on the other side of the casting 293. Since the elements and components are similar to the elements and the components in FIG. 19 are denoted by the same reference numbers, each of them is not further defined and is not considered here in relation to FIG. 20, since they are sufficiently defined and considered in relation to FIG. 19.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of one embodiment of the proposed automated installation 320 with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing the walls 322 and 323 of the mold with a different shape or configuration. The molten metal is supplied by a pouring nozzle 321, and each of the walls 322 and 323 can independently move, as indicated by arrows 324 and 325. This installation 320 shows molten metal 329, becoming part of the casting 327, the surface 330 of the molten metal and the surface 328 of the metal hardened in more degree. The walls 322 and 323 of the mold have more beveled ends rather than rounded ends, and the arrows 332 and 333 show the part that leaves the walls 322 and 323 during the casting process as the casting 327 solidifies.

21 also shows another aspect of the present invention, in which the walls 322 and 323 of the mold are arranged to move up or down linearly or with some other pattern of movement, as indicated by arrows 324a and 325a. This vertical movement, in particular, provides some flexibility in regulating the distance from the casting nozzle 321 to the surface 330 of the molten metal, as well as adjusting the position of specific geometric elements of the walls relative to the level of the metal. Due to the availability of other equipment and installations for the supply of molten metal in many cases, the movement of the casting nozzle 321 is difficult. Despite the fact that Fig.21 shows that the angle of the upper part and the lower part of the walls 322 and 323 of the mold can be 27 °, this angle can be any of a number of different angles, and none of its specific value is necessary for the implementation of the invention on practice.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of another aspect of the invention with a bottom of a different configuration, which needs to have side walls full height on only two sides, and on the other two sides in this aspect the walls of the mold can be used as part of the side wall or instead. On Fig shows the first movable wall 356 of the mold, the second movable wall 357 of the mold, which move according to the corresponding arrows 358 and 359, the bottom 354 with its inner surface 354a and side walls 354b and 354c. FIG. 22 also shows a pouring cup 351 at an initial height 352, lowered to a distance 353 from the bottom surface 354a of the bottom 354. The side walls 354b and 354c have a height of 355, and all this is provided for by this aspect of the installation 350. It should be understood that for the implementation of the required instead of vertical movement of the casting can instead of casting, vertical movement of the mold or the walls of the mold relative to the casting can also be performed, which is also within the scope of this invention.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mold or casting cup 351 can be moved up and down to obtain the various desired results during casting. The height of the nozzle can be one of the casting parameters that can be adjusted or balanced to achieve the desired results. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 30, the level of the molten metal is preferably located at the top or near the top of the walls of the mold immediately before these walls move outward to obtain a different shape and configuration. This provides a certain buffer, so that as the walls move outward, there is no transfusion or leakage of molten metal located between the respective walls of the mold. Conversely, just before the crystallizer walls are moved closer to each other, it is preferable to have a lower level of molten metal on the crystallizer wall, so that when the walls move inward during the process, it rises only towards the top of the crystallizer wall and not higher than it.

On Fig shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the proposed automated installation 350 with a mold of variable size and bottom, shown in Fig, with the end of the bottom 354 and the missing end walls of the bottom. Also shown in FIG. 23 is a pouring cup 351 located at a height of 352, mold walls 356 and 357, and arrows 358 and 359 indicating the movement of the two mold walls, respectively. Also shown is the inner surface 354a of the bottom 354.

24 is a schematic view of one aspect or embodiment of a possible mold seed configuration for some aspects of the present invention, which can be used in embodiments of the perimeter wall on only two sides. 24 shows a bottom 354 with a bottom surface 354a and side walls 354b and 354c.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of another possible embodiment of the proposed automated installation 380 with a mold of variable size and bottom, showing another aspect of the present invention, in which the inside of the bottom 382 uses the installation of liquid cooling, providing more suitable cooling of the molten metal relative to the bottom 382 On Fig shows a pouring cup 381, the first movable wall 385 of the mold, the direction of movement of which is shown by arrow 386, the second a movable mold wall 387, the direction of movement of which is indicated by arrow 388, and arrows 389, showing the downward movement or lowering of the bottom 382 during the casting process. The inner surface 391, having a depth of 390, receives molten metal coming from the pouring nozzle 381.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of a number of types and components of cooling units can be used to provide cooling for the bottom 382. Installation 383 cooling with a conductive channel 384 for the cooler is one example of how the cooler flows through the bottom and provides cooling to better solidify the molten metal deposited by the pouring nozzle 381 on the bottom 382. Another example of a method for providing additional cooling of the bottom is illustrated in Fig.17, where cooling channels or grooves are made in the bottom, which allow receiving a cooler, which is primarily used on hardened molten metal.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of another aspect 400 of the invention that comprises a top casting lid 406 that is lowered (as shown by arrows 407) over molten metal onto the top of the casting 405. In addition, FIG. 26 shows a first mold wall 403, a second wall 404 molds, casting cup 401 and an arrow 402 indicating that the casting cup 401 can be moved up and removed after stopping the casting of molten metal. Alternatively, and as depicted in FIG. 27 by arrows 415a and 416a, this movement can also be accomplished by vertical movement of walls 403 and 404, which should be directed downward towards the end of the casting process. Aspects of the present invention include narrowing or shaping the upper end of the ingot or casting 405.

On Fig depicts a schematic view of an aspect 400 of the invention shown in Fig, in which the top cover 406 is worn on top of the casting 405, resulting in molten metal takes the form of the inner surface of the top cover 406 with the formation in this example, a rounding at the corners indicated numbers 412 and 413 positions. Arrows 407 indicate that downward pressure may be applied to upper cap 406 to prevent molten metal from flowing out between top cover 406 and mold walls 403 and 404. Arrows 415a and 416a indicate possible vertical movement of the mold walls 403 and 404 (although the movement is not necessarily limited to linear vertical movement) during the casting process to provide more suitable clearances to the nozzle 401 or for other reasons for controlling the casting process. In addition, FIG. 27 illustrates the possibility of both vertical and horizontal movement of the walls of the mold in aspects of the present invention, the horizontal movement of the walls of the mold shown by arrows 415b and 416b.

On figa depicts a schematic view of an aspect 400 of the invention shown in Fig.26 and 27, in the process of exit of the casting 405 from the lower part of the cavity of the mold. The cavity of the mold is the region as a whole between the first wall 403 of the mold and the second wall 404 of the mold. 28A also shows a pouring cup 401, arrows 415a and 416a showing downward movement of walls 403 and 404, top cover 406 on hardened casting 405. Arrows 414 indicate the main direction of movement of top cover 406 with casting 405. It should also be noted that, as an option, the top cover 406 can be held on or relative to the walls of the mold 403 and 404 during filling at the end of the cast to ensure that the top is geometrically shaped without moving the pouring cup, in which case the upper part nce may be cooled by liquid or air and in various embodiments of the invention may be made of a refractory material or metal. In addition, FIG. 28A illustrates the possibility of both vertical and horizontal movement of the walls of the mold in aspects of the present invention, the horizontal movement of the walls of the mold shown by arrows 415b and 416b.

On figv depicts the same schematic view of aspect 400 of the invention, as on figa, but in which the top cover 406 has a different configuration, providing the upper part of the casting 405 with a different shape. On figv depicts the upper cover, in which the sides are made at an angle, and the middle part has a recess, shown by the corners 406C of the recess. In addition, FIG. 28B illustrates the possibility of both vertical and horizontal movement of the walls of the mold in aspects of the present invention, the horizontal movement of the walls of the mold shown by arrows 415b and 416b.

Similarly, FIG. 28C shows the same schematic view of aspect 400 of the invention as in FIGS. 28A and 28B, but in which the top cover 406 has a different configuration to provide an upper part of a different shape, the sides of which converge at an angle, which, respectively , leads to the formation of angles on the sides in the upper part of the casting 405a. In addition, FIG. 28C illustrates the possibility of both vertical and horizontal movement of the walls of the mold in aspects of the present invention, wherein the horizontal movement of the walls of the mold is shown by arrows 415b and 416b.

The ability to move the mold walls 403 and 404 in the direction indicated by arrows 415a and 416a (generally vertical) provides an improved ability to use the top cover 406 to shape the top of the casting 405a, while also in combination with the mold walls 403 and 404 being movable in the horizontal direction (as shown in other drawings).

On Fig depicts a schematic view of another aspect 430 of the invention, in which to form the upper part of the casting 433 at the end of the casting process uses an electromagnetic field (shown by arrows 443 and 444). On Fig shows a casting cup 431, made with the possibility of movement in the upward direction in accordance with arrow 432, the upper surface 446 of the casting 433, formed by applying a magnetic force or magnetic field to or near the upper surface 446. In order to obtain the desired shape of the upper part of the casting 433, the magnetic devices 436 and 437 can move towards or away from the upper surface 446 of the casting 433. The walls 434 and 435 of the mold are shown located immediately below the magnetic devices 436 and 437, although these devices can adjoin the walls 434 and 435 or even be under them, all of which are within the scope of this invention. There is a type of casting called “electromagnetic casting” (abbreviated as EML), which can also be used to shape or narrow the upper part of the casting at the end of the casting process, as illustrated illustratively in FIG. 29.

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of an aspect 450 of the present invention, showing illustrative movements that the movable mold walls 451 and 452 can make in accordance with some aspects of the invention. On Fig to illustrate the movement of the walls 451 and 452 shows the varying distances between them. As should be understood by specialists and as shown in other drawings, the movement does not have to be symmetrical, but instead can be programmed to obtain other results that may be desirable with asymmetric casting formation. The dashed lines 451a and 452a show the second position of the walls 451 and 452, and the dashed lines 451b and 452b show the positions of the walls of the mold during their further possible movement, along with any intermediate position between them.

30 also serves to illustrate how casting parameters, such as, for example, controlling the level of molten metal between levels 457 and 458, can be used in combination with aspects of the present invention. For example, when the mold walls are apart by the distance indicated by arrow 455, molten metal level 457 may be preferred if the mold walls are later moved outward as indicated by arrows 456 and 457. Otherwise, if the mold walls 451 and 452 are apart, indicated by arrow 453, and during the process under consideration, the walls 451 and 452 will move, then the level of molten metal 458 may be more preferable, which makes it possible to reduce the cavity area mold, whereby, of course, the level 458 of the molten metal occurs rise as sliding walls 451 and 452. It can also serve to prevent solidification of the cast ingot or decreasing the mold cavity. Preferably, as should be understood by those skilled in the art, molten metal level 458 does not rise above the mold walls as they move inward.

30 also illustrates the possibility of using the same mold for molten metal in embodiments of the present invention to produce castings of various sizes, for example, for casting a 21 inch (533 mm) ingot during first casting and a 19 inch (482 mm) ingot - at the second casting. Since the known molds are usually specially designed for one size, the embodiments of the present invention provide greater flexibility in terms of production equipment and reduce the number of mold changes that would otherwise be necessary for casting castings of different widths. In such embodiments, the distance 455 corresponds to the first casting of the first thickness, the distance 454 corresponds to the second casting of the second thickness, and the distance 453 corresponds to the third casting of the third thickness. It should be noted that there are a number of different thicknesses or widths that can be obtained by casting within the scope of this invention.

On Fig depicts a vertical projection of the shape of the casting, which can be obtained using the installation of the casting disclosed by the aspects of the present invention, or may be part of it. The casting 480 shown in Fig. 31 has a total length or height 484, the beveled corners on the upper part of the casting are shown in more detail on the extension 32, and the angled edges on the lower part are shown beveled at an angle 479. The length 485 of the straight face on the side side of the casting and the length 482 of the straight face at the bottom can be determined based on the desired final shape and subsequent rolling of the casting. FIG. 31 also shows casting width 481 and bevel widths 483 and 486. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that aspects of this process make it possible to obtain symmetrical or asymmetric castings of various sizes, for example, distance 483 may differ from distance 486.

Fig. 32 is an enlarged fragment 32 of Fig. 31 and depicts a casting 480, bevel width 490, bevel height 491, and also bevel angles 492 and 493. It should be understood that these parameters may vary depending on other casting parameters, the composition of the metal, the rolling to be cast, which is to be cast 480, as well as under the influence of many other casting factors or the subsequent use of casting, all of which are within the scope of this invention.

33 is a flowchart 500 of one embodiment of a process that may be used in embodiments of the present invention. 33 illustrates the start of casting 501 with an initial casting speed of 502. At some point, the casting speed is usually linearly increased or increased, and the first intermediate casting speed 503 can be used to obtain the desired results, narrowing, or other features of the casting. Although this may not be necessary, a linear increase 504 to a second intermediate casting speed may be used, and typically, a linear increase 505 to a final casting speed is used before the end 506 of the casting process. Depending on the narrowing and other purposes of casting, as well as other casting parameters, the casting speed may vary to ensure that the desired results are achieved.

On Fig depicts a vertical projection of another aspect of the present invention, showing another form of the ingot 520, which can be obtained as part of the invention. On Fig shows the surface 521 of the tapering upper part, the side wall 520a, the radius 523, as well as the surface 522 of the tapering lower part. A significant advantage and feature of the aspects of the present invention is the ability to obtain any of a number of different configurations and shapes of the casting during the casting process, and not by machining or other work after casting is completed. This feature and advantage provide the opportunity for significant cost savings for subsequent machining or other operations with the hardened billet, as well as for re-heating the scrap and waste from the processing following casting.

It should also be noted that although the first side, the second side, the third side and the fourth side are shown in the illustrated embodiments, embodiments of the invention are possible in which the sides are configured such that the mold frame is bounded by two, three, four or more sides, wherein the cavity of the mold is limited to the inner surfaces of these sides, all of which are within the scope of this invention.

It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention, in which the movable mold wall is made, provides other benefits, such as the ability to adjust the molding process to reduce broadening of the bottom and position the molds relative to the nozzle, as well as adjust mold gaps. Professionals should be clear that this provides the ability to perform casting faster and with greater efficiency. In the prior art recognized the problem of broadening of the bottom and those advantages that would be obtained if this problem were solved. In previous attempts to reduce the broadening of the bottom part, they tried to increase the casting speed, however, aspects of the present invention provide the possibility of obtaining a final parallel profile due to the possibility of moving the mold walls, which allows casting to be made faster with less broadening of the bottom part or without increased broadening of the bottom part.

Embodiments of the invention also optimize casting speed. In the case of vertical casting, the casting speed is the speed at which the bottom is lowered into the casting hole as the molten metal solidifies. Traditionally, a trade-off has to be made between the casting speed and casting quality, because while it is desirable from the production point of view to cast faster, higher steady-state casting speeds usually result in greater shrinkage and a concave outer surface or surface to be rolled . If in this particular application the casting speed is too slow, then there is a tendency to obtain as a result of an undesirable amount of broadening of the bottom. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can provide the ability to better control or control shrinkage to result in a more desirable casting form during casting at a speed that would lead to excessive shrinkage, but which is applicable in this invention. In some applications, a more desirable form of casting is a casting with approximately parallel sides in its middle part, which usually provides a more desirable surface to be rolled. Embodiments of the present invention provide improved shrinkage control and its regulation in installations for vertical casting of molten metal into molds.

Embodiments of the present invention aimed at controlling shrinkage may include a method for optimizing the surfaces of the casting to be rolled obtained during continuous casting of molten metal. In such an embodiment, for a given casting speed, in the case of a particular casting, correlation can be derived or predicted, taking into account that otherwise shrinkage of a certain value occurs at different places along the casting. Moreover, this invention provides the possibility of relative movement of the walls of the mold (or the first side and / or second side) to counter shrinkage, thereby providing an installation for controlling shrinkage or its regulation.

On Fig depicts a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the installation 570 control, which can be used to control the movement of the side walls of the mold when practicing aspects of the present invention. Fig. 35 shows a human-machine interface (HMI) 571, a programmable logic controller (PLC) 572, functionally connected to and controlled by or controlled by the HMI 571, a first motor 575 driven and controlled by a first servo drive 574, which is shown functionally connected to and controlled by PLC 572, a second motor 577 driven and controlled by a second servo drive 576, which is shown functionally connected to and controlled by PLC 572, a third motor 579, driven and controlled by a third m a servo drive 578, which is shown functionally attached to and controlled by a PLC 572, and a fourth motor 581, driven and controlled by a fourth servo drive 580, which is shown functionally connected to and controlled by a PLC 572. It should be noted that the number of components given here, such as motors, servo drives, PLCs and HMIs, is illustrative, and not a specific number of them, nor any specific numerical ratio of one group of components to another, are necessary for the practical implementation of this invention.

On Fig additionally illustrates how each of the engines can control one or more molds, and for the practical implementation of the present invention, no specific number of controlled molds is required. In FIG. 35, the first engine 575 controls two molds, the second engine 577 controls one mold, the third engine 579 controls two molds, and engine X (where X may indicate the total number of engines) controls one mold.

36 is a schematic vertical view of one configuration 600 of walls or mold surfaces of a mold that can be used in some aspects of the present invention, showing the upper mold surface 602b, which may also be called the upper mold surface 602b, the middle mold part b02a and the lower mold, beveled surface area, which is the lower part 602 of the injection surface. FIG. 36 shows a casting 327, a coolant stream 605, mold walls 601, a nozzle 321, a bevel angle 603 for the upper portion 602b, and a bevel angle 604 in the lower portion 602c of the casting surface. The level of molten metal is shown in the middle portion 602a of the cast surface.

On figa-37E shows a number of different configurations, angles and other geometric parameters for the upper, middle and lower parts of the casting surface on the walls of the mold, which illustrate various applications of embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that no particular configuration is necessary for the practical implementation of the invention, and any of a number of different configurations can be used to optimize various embodiments based on various casting parameters.

On figa depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration 610 of the walls 611 of the mold with cast surfaces, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention. On figa shows a configuration that has two upper region 612a and 612b of the injection surface, two lower region 612d and 612e of the injection surface and the middle part 612 of the injection surface for each wall 611 of the mold. The first upper region 612a is made at an angle 614 to the vertical, the second upper region 612b is made at an angle 613 to the vertical, the first lower region 612e is made at an angle 614 to the vertical, and the second lower region 612d is made at an angle 613 to the vertical. Also shown in FIG. 37A is a casting 327, a casting cup 321, and a mold wall 611.

On figv depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration 700 of the walls 731 of the mold with injection surfaces, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, showing the upper part, which has a linear molding surface 731b, and a curved or curved molding surface 731c, the middle part 731a of the injection surface and the lower part of the injection surface, which has a linear injection surface 731d and an arcuate injection surface 731e. Also shown in FIG. 37B is a casting 327, a casting cup 321, and mold walls 731.

Fig. 37C is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration 740 of mold walls of a mold 7 which can be used in some aspects of the present invention, showing an upper part of a molding surface 742b, a lower curved or curved molding part 742c, and a middle molding surface part 742a. Also shown in FIG. 37C is casting 327, casting cup 321, and mold walls 741.

On fig.37D shows a schematic vertical projection of one configuration of 750 walls 751 of the mold with molding surfaces, which can be used in some aspects of the present invention. On fig.37D shows the upper region 752b of the injection surface made at an angle 753 to the vertical or, in this case, to the middle region of the injection surface, since it is linear, the middle region 752a of the injection surface and the lower region 752c of the injection surface made at an angle 755 to the vertical. In Fig. 37D, the angle 753 is different from the angle 755, and the length of the beveled area 754 at the top is different from the length of the beveled area 756 at the bottom. It should be noted that the desired casting can preferably be performed using different configurations of the injection surface and different configurations of angles and lengths for the upper part of the injection surface and the lower part of the injection surface, all of which are provided by some aspects of the present invention. Also shown in FIG. 37D is a casting 327, a casting cup 321, and mold walls 751.

FIG. 37E is a schematic vertical projection of one configuration 760 of mold walls 761 that can be used in some aspects of the present invention, showing a combination molding surface that has a middle portion 762a, an upper portion 762b formed at an angle 763 to the vertical, and a curved or curved lower portion 762c with an inner radius of 764. Also shown in FIG. 37E are a casting 327, a casting cup 321, and mold walls 761.

On figa-38D depicts a series of schematic vertical projections of a single configuration 620 of the walls 621 of the mold with injection surfaces, illustrating in chronological order one way in which the casting process can be used embodiments of the present invention, while they made a special reference to the level of molten metal and cast surface relative to the level of molten metal during the casting process. On figa-38D shows the casting surface, which have a middle part 623a, the upper part 623b, made at an angle 625 to the vertical, the lower part 623c, made at an angle 626 to the vertical, casting 327, a casting cup 321 for casting molten metal. FIGS. 38A-38D also illustrate an aspect of the invention in which mold walls 621, or more specifically, a casting surface, can be moved vertically up or down to provide more efficient control of the level of molten metal with respect to the casting surface and part of that surface with its establishment where, at this stage of casting, the level of molten metal should preferably be. In order to avoid redefining each component for each of FIGS. 38A-38D, the description of each of them is not repeated for each drawing. Arrows 622 show the vertical movement of the mold walls 621, which causes vertical movement of the casting surfaces, and arrows 622a show the possible horizontal movement of the mold surfaces or mold walls 621 relative to the casting.

Accordingly, FIG. 38A shows the level of molten metal in the middle portion 623a of the cast surface during the initial phase when filling the seed, which is still at least partially located on 20 and the cast surfaces.

Accordingly, FIG. 38B shows the level of molten metal at the upper part 623b of the cast surface during the next phase in which the lower part of the cast is formed outward from the size shown in FIG. 38A. Even though this document may indicate that the level of molten metal is rising, this statement is relative, and it is about increasing relative to the cast surface, so that the level of molten metal can be raised or can increase relative to the cast surface when the walls move 621 molds up and / or down to effect relative movement.

Accordingly, FIG. 33C shows the level of molten metal newly located in the middle part 623a of the cast surface, which is the preferred location in the middle of the cast, which during this period is called steady state casting.

Accordingly, FIG. 38D shows the level of molten metal at the lower part 623c of the cast surface during the final phase, when the necessary configuration of the upper part of the casting 327 is performed, for example, narrowing at the same approximate angle 626 with which the lower part 623c is made. It is important that the level of molten metal remains below the point at which the middle portion 623a and the lower portion 623c of the injection surface intersect. This position of the molten metal level during the last casting phase is preferable to provide a tapering top of the casting 327. The angle resulting from the narrowing of the casting is approximately equal to the angle 626, taking into account tolerances and shrinkages.

On Fig depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration 640 of the walls 641 of the mold with casting surfaces in one embodiment of the invention, showing the casting surface with the upper part 642b, the middle part 642a and the lower part 642c made at an angle 648 to the vertical. On Fig shows a casting 327, which in the upper part is tapering at a given angle 648. Fig. 39 also shows a casting cup 321 for casting molten metal, a solidification point 647, a cooler 644, a surface 645 of molten metal.

On Fig depicts a schematic vertical projection of one configuration 620 of the walls of the mold with the middle part 642A and the lower part 642c of the cast surfaces in one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 40 illustrates the horizontal movement of the mold walls in accordance with arrows 651. The solidification points 647 indicate where the solidification occurs, and there is also a freezing area 650, which usually occurs if the level of molten metal 645 is not lower than the angle between the two injection surfaces, shown at or near solidification point 647. If solidification occurs in the form of freezing 650, then the walls of the mold and the casting surface cannot move further inward, since the hardened metal 650 or freezing prevents the walls of the mold or casting surface 642a from moving inward. That is why in most embodiments of the invention, it is preferable to maintain the level of molten metal 645 at or below solidification point 647 during this casting phase.

FIG. 41 is a schematic vertical projection of a configuration 660 of walls 641 or mold surfaces of a mold in one embodiment of the invention, showing molding surfaces having an upper portion 642c, which may be called a tapered surface and which together with the bottom 657 forms a tapered casting lower portion 655. In this casting phase, the movable metal is applied using a casting nozzle 321, and the level of molten metal 645 is supported on the upper portion 642c, which is made at an angle of 654 to the vertical. FIG. 41 illustrates the possibility of shaping the bottom of the casting by a combination method using the configuration of the inner cavity of the bottom 657 in combination with those aspects of the present invention that are provided with movable casting surfaces and an inclined casting surface to obtain preferred results.

42 is a schematic vertical view of the mold 350 and bottom configuration 350 showing another feature of some embodiments of the invention in which the mold walls 356 and 357 can move outward to match the expansion of the bottom 354 initially. It is desirable to have a tight fit between the bottom 354 and the walls 356 and 357 of the mold. However, since the prior art crystallizer walls cannot be moved to match the natural expansion of the metal bottom 354, it is difficult to maintain the required tolerances between the walls 356 and 357 and the sides of the bottom 354, as a result of which only a dummy mold is likely to remain, since the bottom 354 may expand and become stuck in the mold cavity between the walls 356 and 357. The second designation 354 of the bottom in its parallel design 354 shows the bottom 354 in an expanded state as a result heating, and arrows 358 and 359 show the possibility of moving the walls 356 and 357 of the mold so that the same tight contact is maintained between the indicated walls and the bottom, but the bottom satisfies sets of extensions, as a result of which it could get stuck between the walls of the mold. In this case, the height of the bottom 355 is measured from the bottom surface 354a to the top of the bottom walls 354b and 354c. Arrows 358a and 359a illustrate the possibility of vertical movement of the walls 356 and 357 of the mold.

As should be understood by those skilled in the art, there are numerous embodiments of the invention, as well as variations of elements and components that can be used, all of which are within the scope of the invention.

For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a mold for molten metal, which comprises a mold cavity frame having a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, each side having an inner surface, and these inner surfaces limit the cavity of the mold, with the first side mounted for movement relative to the second side.

Additional embodiments other than those described in the preceding paragraph may include a mold for molten metal, in which the second side is mounted to move relative to the first side, a mold for molten metal, in which the first side moves linearly with respect to the second side, a mold for molten metal, in which the first side is mounted rotatably, and / or a mold for molten metal, in which the rotation of the first First side of the carcass cavity of the mold cavity of the mold changes limited. In additional aspects, the movements of the first and second sides may not be synchronous.

In another embodiment, an installation for vertical casting into a mold for molten metal may be performed, comprising a mold cavity frame having a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, each side having an inner surface, and said inner surfaces define a cavity of the mold, with the first side and the second side being movably mounted relative to each other friend, as well as the bottom, made with the provision of accommodation in the cavity of the mold at the initial stage of operation of the specified installation.

Additional embodiments, different from those described in the preceding paragraph, may include a vertical casting machine in a mold for molten metal, in which the first side and the second side move linearly relative to each other, a vertical casting plant in the mold for molten metal, in which the first side and the second side are rotatably mounted to move relative to each other, the installation for vertical casting in the mold for molten metal, in which the bottom has two side walls and in which, in addition, the third side and the fourth side of the frame of the mold cavity in combination with the two side walls of the bottom limit the mold cavity at the initial stage, an installation for vertical casting in the mold for molten metal, in which the bottom contains an internal cooling device, and / or installation for vertical casting in a mold for molten metal, in which the bottom is configured to vertically rearrangements within the cavity of the mold at the initial stage for controlling the distance from the nozzle to the bottom during molding at the initial stage.

In another embodiment, a method for vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling is provided, comprising making a frame of a mold cavity having a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, with each side having an inner surface, and these inner surfaces of the first, second, third and fourth sides limit the cavity of the mold located to ensure the reception of molten metal a, the execution of the bottom with the possibility of vertical movement and its execution in relation to the cavity of the mold with the provision of accommodating molten metal entering the cavity of the mold at the initial stage, ensuring the supply of molten metal into the cavity of the mold, moving the bottom down at a given speed, moving the first side and second side of the frame of the cavity of the mold relative to each other during casting with a change as a result of the size of the resulting casting during casting.

Additional embodiments differing from that described in the preceding paragraph may include a direct cooling method of vertical casting of molten metal, in which the first side and second side are additionally linearly moved relative to each other, a direct cooling method of vertical casting of metal, in which the first side and the second side are moved asymmetrically relative to each other, a method of vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling, into a cat additionally, the first side and the second side are rotatably mounted relative to the frame of the mold cavity, so that as a result of the rotation of the first and second sides, the limited mold cavity and / or the vertical casting method of molten metal with direct cooling, in which the first side and second side move at the same approximate speed.

Other additional embodiments, different from those described in the paragraph located before the previous one, may include a direct casting method for vertical casting of molten metal, in which, when the first side and the second side of the mold frame are moved relative to each other during casting, the first side is additionally moved and the second side from each other at an early stage after the start of casting to provide an increasing cross section of the casting from its lower part, and / or method vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling, in which when moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during casting, the first side and the second side are additionally moved towards each other at the final casting stage to provide a decreasing cross-section of the casting in it top part. In such embodiments, the execution can additionally, when moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during casting, move the first side and the second side towards each other at the final stage of casting to provide a decreasing cross section of the casting in its upper part. An increase in the cross section of the casting from its lower part provides a narrowing of the lower part of the casting, for example, at an angle in the range from 22 ° to 29 °, and / or an increase in the cross-section of the casting from its upper part provides a narrowing of the upper part of the casting, for example, at an angle in the range from 22 ° to 29 °.

In other additional embodiments of a direct cooling method of vertical casting of molten metal, different from those described above, by moving the first side and second side of the mold cavity frame relative to each other during the casting process, a casting is obtained whose cross-sectional size in the middle part exceeds the cross-sectional size bottoms, and / or receive a casting, the cross-sectional size of which in the middle part is larger than in the lower and upper parts.

In another embodiment of the invention, a mold for molten metal is provided, which comprises a mold cavity frame having a first side, a second side opposite the first side and spaced apart by a variable distance, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, each side having the inner surface, and these inner surfaces limit the cavity of the mold, while the frame of the cavity of the mold is made with the possibility of changing it to nfiguratsii for casting the first casting having a first thickness and the second molding a casting having a second thickness.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, a method of vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling is performed, comprising making a framework of the mold cavity having a first side, a second side opposite to the first side and spaced apart by a variable distance, a third side and a fourth side opposite to the third side, the inner surfaces of the first, second, third and fourth sides limit the cavity of the mold located with the reception of molten metal a, the execution of the bottom with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction and its execution relative to the cavity of the mold with the provision of accommodating molten metal entering the cavity of the mold at the initial stage, ensuring the supply of molten metal into the cavity of the mold, casting the first casting of the first thickness, moving the first and second the sides of the frame of the cavity of the mold relative to each other and casting a second casting of a second thickness different from the first thickness.

In another embodiment of the invention, a mold for molten metal comprising a framework, a mold operatively attached to said framework and having a first side mounted to move relative to the mold frame, a second side opposite the first side and mounted on the mold frame with the possibility of displacement, a third side, a fourth side opposite to a third side, each side having an inner surface, and said inner surfaces define a cavity of the mold, a first engine operably connected to the first side and arranged to move it relative to the mold frame, a second engine functionally attached to the second side and made to move it relative to the mold frame, as well as a programmable logic controller, functionally connected to and controlling the first and second engines to provide control of a predetermined escheniem first side and a second side of the mold.

Additional embodiments other than those described in the preceding paragraph may include a mold for molten metal, in which the first motor and second motor are servomotors, and / or a mold for molten metal, further comprising a human-machine interface operably connected to said programmable logic the controller.

In another embodiment of the method, a method can be proposed for optimizing the surfaces of the casting to be rolled obtained during continuous casting of molten metal, comprising: making a mold cavity frame with a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the third side and the fourth side opposite the third side, the inner surfaces of the first, second, third and fourth sides limit the cavity of the mold located with the reception of molten of metal, the execution of the bottom with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction and its execution relative to the cavity of the mold with the provision of accommodating molten metal entering the cavity of the mold at the initial stage, ensuring the supply of molten metal into the cavity of the mold, moving the bottom down with a given casting speed and moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the cavity of the mold in a predetermined manner relative to each other during casting to ensure optimization of the config radio castings for subsequent operations. A further embodiment of this method is possible, in which by moving the first and second sides of the mold cavity at least substantially compensate for the predicted shrinkage during the casting process at a given casting speed.

In accordance with the legislation, the invention is described in a language more or less characteristic of the design and method. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular features shown and described, since the agents described herein are preferred forms of carrying out the invention. Thus, the invention is claimed in all its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the attached claims, with proper interpretation in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.

Claims (31)

1. A mold for molten metal, comprising: a mold cavity frame having a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, each side having an inner surface, and said inner surfaces define a mold cavity, this specified first side is mounted to move relative to the second side, and the inner surfaces of the first side and second side have a lower beveled region with linear or arcuate surface, and a controller controlling the first side cavity of the carcass by moving the mold so that movement of the first hand correlated with maintaining the upper surface level of the molten metal with respect to the bottom area of the first sloped side. 2. The mold according to claim 1, in which the second side is mounted with the possibility of movement relative to the third side and the fourth side. 3. The mold according to claim 1, in which the first side moves linearly relative to the second side. 4. The mold according to claim 1, in which the first side is mounted rotatably. 5. The mold according to claim 1, in which the rotation of the first side relative to the frame of the cavity of the mold changes the limited cavity of the mold. 6. The mold according to claim 2, in which the movements of the first side and the second side do not occur synchronously. 7. Installation for vertical casting in a mold for molten metal, comprising: a mold cavity frame having a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, each side having an inner surface and said inner surfaces limit the cavity of the mold, while the inner surfaces of the first side and second side have a lower beveled region with a linear or arched surface, and a guide that controls the movement of the first side of the mold cavity frame so that the movement of the first side correlates with maintaining the level of the upper surface of the molten metal with respect to the lower beveled region of the first side, while said first side and second side are mounted to move relative to each other, and the bottom made to ensure that the cavity in the mold at the initial stage of operation of the specified installation. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first side and the second side move linearly with respect to each other. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first side and the second side are rotatably mounted to move relative to each other. 10. The installation according to claim 7, in which the bottom has two side walls, the third side and the fourth side of the frame of the cavity of the mold in combination with two side walls of the bottom limit the cavity of the mold at the initial stage. 11. The installation according to claim 7, in which the bottom contains an internal cooling device. 12. The installation according to claim 7, in which the bottom is made with the possibility of vertical movement in the cavity of the mold at the initial stage to provide control of the distance from the casting nozzle to the bottom during casting at the initial stage. 13. A method of vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling, including: using a framework of the mold cavity having a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, the inner surfaces of the first, second, third and fourth of the sides is limited by the mold cavity located with the possibility of receiving molten metal, while the inner surfaces of the first side and the second side have a lower beveled surface a region with a linear or arched surface and an upper beveled area with a linear or arched surface, the use of a bottom made with the possibility of vertical movement and made with respect to the mold cavity with the possibility of containing molten metal entering the mold cavity at the initial stage, ensuring the supply of molten metal into mold cavity, moving the bottom down at a given speed, moving the first side and second side of the cristal cavity frame lyser relative to each other during casting with a change as a result of the size of the resulting casting during casting. 14. The method according to item 13, in which additionally the first side and the second side are moved linearly relative to each other. 15. The method according to item 13, in which additionally the first side and the second side are moved asymmetrically relative to each other. 16. The method according to item 13, in which additionally the first side and the second side are mounted to rotate relative to the frame of the mold cavity, so that as a result of the rotation of the first and second sides, the limited mold cavity is changed. 17. The method according to item 13, in which additionally the first and second sides are moved at the same approximate speed. 18. The method according to item 13, in which when moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during casting, the first side and the second side are additionally moved away from each other at an early stage after the start of casting to provide an increasing cross section of the casting from it lower part. 19. The method according to item 13, in which when moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during casting, the first side and the second side are additionally moved towards each other at the final stage of casting to provide a decreasing cross section of the casting in it top part. 20. The method according to p. 18, in which when moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during casting, the first side and the second side are additionally moved towards each other at the final stage of casting to provide a decreasing cross-section of the casting in it top part. 21. The method according to p, in which an additional increase in the cross section of the casting from its lower part provides a narrowing of the lower part of the casting at an angle in the range from 22 ° to 29 °. 22. The method according to claim 19, in which an additional increase in the cross section of the casting from its upper part provides a narrowing of the upper part of the casting at an angle in the range from 22 ° to 29 °. 23. The method according to item 13, in which additionally by moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during the casting process, a casting is obtained whose cross-sectional size in the middle part exceeds the cross-sectional size of the bottom. 24. The method according to item 13, in which additionally by moving the first side and the second side of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other during the casting process, a casting is obtained whose cross-sectional size in the middle part is larger than in the lower and upper parts. 25. A mold for molten metal, comprising: a mold cavity frame having a first side, a second side opposite the first side and spaced apart by a variable distance, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, each side having an inner surface and said inner surfaces limit the cavity of the mold, while the inner surfaces of the first side and second side have a lower beveled region with a linear or arched surface, wherein the first side is mounted to move relative to the second side and the second side is mounted to move relative to the first side, a programmable logic controller operatively connected to the first side and second side and controlling their movement, the programmable logic controller configured to control the movement of the first and the second sides towards each other at the final stage of casting while maintaining the level of the upper surface of the melt metal within the lower beveled region of the inner surface of the first side and the second side of the mold cavity, wherein the mold cavity frame is configured to change its configuration to allow casting of the first casting having a first thickness and casting of a second casting having a second thickness. 26. A method of vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling, including: using the frame of the mold cavity having a first side, a second side opposite the first side and spaced at a variable distance, a third side and a fourth side opposite the third side, while the inner surfaces the first, second, third and fourth sides limit the cavity of the mold located with the reception of molten metal, while the inner surfaces of the first side The sides and the second side have a lower beveled area with a linear or arched surface and an upper beveled area with a linear or arched surface, the use of a bottom made with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction and made with respect to the cavity of the mold to ensure that the molten metal enters the cavity of the mold at the initial stage, ensuring the supply of molten metal into the cavity of the mold, casting the first casting of the first thickness, moving the first the second and second sides of the frame of the mold cavity relative to each other and the casting of the second casting of a second thickness different from the first thickness. 27. A mold for molten metal, comprising: a framework, a mold functionally attached to the specified frame and having a first side mounted to move relative to the frame of the mold, a second side opposite the first side and mounted on the frame of the mold with the possibility of movement, third side, fourth side opposite to the third side, each side having an inner surface, and said inner surfaces define a cavity the mold, the inner surfaces of the first side and the second side have a lower beveled area with a linear or arched surface and an upper beveled area with a linear or arched surface, the first engine, functionally attached to the first side and made to ensure its movement relative to the mold frame, the second engine functionally attached to the second side and made to ensure its movement relative to the mold frame, and a programmable log cal controller operatively coupled to the first and second motors and control them for providing control predetermined movement of the first side and the second side of the mold. 28. The mold according to item 27, in which the first engine and the second engine are servomotors. 29. The mold according to claim 27, further comprising a human-machine interface operatively coupled to said programmable logic controller. 30. A method of vertical casting of molten metal with direct cooling, including: using a mold with a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the third side and the fourth side opposite the third side, the inner surfaces of the first, second, third and fourth sides define the cavity of the mold located with the reception of molten metal, while the inner surfaces of the first side and second side have a lower beveled area with a linear and and an arched surface and an upper beveled region with a linear or arched surface, using a bottom configured to move in a vertical direction and made relative to the mold cavity to allow the molten metal to enter the mold cavity at the initial stage, to ensure the supply of molten metal to the mold cavity, moving the bottom down at a given casting speed and moving the first side and second side of the mold relative one another during casting, which optimizes the casting configuration for subsequent operations. 31. The method according to item 30, in which additionally by moving the first and second sides of the cavity of the mold, at least substantially compensate for the predicted shrinkage during the casting process at a given casting speed.

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