RU2528441C2 - Universal harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agricultural engineering and can be used in structural designs of grain and fodder harvesters. A universal harvester comprises a body, a casing, a cutting machine, a reel, a conveyer screw, a drive mechanism and a feed elevator. A front supporting pipe of the harvester body has a height coordinate a=H-h, wherein H is a height of an upper milk-wax corn, and h is a structural cutting depth of the harvester. The feed elevator comprises feed rollers. The feed elevator comprises identical mounting dimensions with a comminutor of the fodder harvester and a threshing unit of the grain harvester. Tall-stalked culture supply to the reel effective area is improved.

EFFECT: enhanced harvester.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the design of the reapers of grain and forage harvesters.

The harvesting part of the Yenisei-1200 self-propelled combine harvester (Krasnoyarsk production association for combine harvesters "Yenisei-1200 self-propelled combine harvester". Technical description and instruction manual. Krasnoyarsk. - 1988, p. 12), consisting of a header and tilt camera.

The tilt chamber is mounted on a thresher and rests on two hydraulic cylinders.

The header body is pivotally mounted on an inclined chamber at three points.

Mounted on the header body: cutting apparatus with unified double fingers made of cast iron with riveted opposing plates, auger, reel, drive mechanism of working bodies.

To transfer the grain mass from the header to the thresher, a chain-slat conveyor mounted in an inclined chamber is used.

One of the drawbacks of the harvester of the Yenisei-1200 self-propelled combine harvester is that it is not suitable for harvesting corn, grass and other silage crops: firstly, it cannot be structurally mounted on the chopper of the forage harvester; secondly, the chain-slat conveyor of the inclined chamber does not provide preparation for a bundle of corn or grass entering the grinding device. In addition, the chain-slat conveyor is unreliable.

The harvesting part of the Don-1500 self-propelled combine harvester (Production Association Rostselmash. Self-propelled combine harvesters Don-1500 and Don-1200 is also known. Technical description and instruction manual. Rostov on Don, 1986 p. 18 ), consisting of a header, a spacer and an inclined chamber, which pivotally connects to the combine thresher.

The header consists of a housing, a reel, a cutting apparatus, an auger, a balancing mechanism and a drive of working bodies.

The presence of a spacer slightly improved the work of the reaping part. The chain-slat conveyor of the inclined chamber has become shorter and more reliable, while the likelihood of clogging is reduced.

However, due to the inability to harvest corn, grass and other silage crops, it cannot be used in a unit with a forage harvester.

Known reaper universal forage harvester (see patent RU No. 2150812, IPC A01D 34/00, 41/00 - bull. No. 17, 06/20/2000) containing a housing formed from the front and rear supporting pipes, sidewalls and sheathing. A cutting apparatus, a reel, auger and a drive mechanism for working bodies are installed on the body.

On the sides of the header mounted curved dividers, while the front support tube of the header housing in relation to the cutting device has the coordinates:

height a = H-h;

,horizontally $$b=\frac{H-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}{2}$$

,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;

h is the structural cutting height of the header.

по горизонтали не обеспечивает гарантийного захвата стеблей кукурузы граблинами мотовила.Despite the fact that the universal header of the forage harvester can mow corn in the stage of milk-wax ripeness, grass and other silage crops, it cannot be used for harvesting and threshing grain crops, in aggregate with a combine harvester. In addition, the location of the front carrier pipe at a distance $$b=\frac{H-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}{2}$$

horizontally does not guarantee the capture of corn stalks by reel tines.

The purpose of the invention:

1. To expand the technological capabilities of the header of the universal forage harvester.

2. To improve the supply of corn stalks and other high-stem crops to the reel coverage area.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the inclined chamber is introduced into the header and contains feed rollers located inside its housing, having the same connecting dimensions with the chopper of the forage harvester and the threshing device of the combine harvester, while a cutting apparatus with closed fingers is installed on the header housing.

,A U-shaped frame is pivotally mounted on the front carrier pipe of the header body over its entire width, including a pipe with racks that have holes for swiveling with the front carrier pipe of the header body, as well as with a double-acting hydraulic cylinder rod pivotally mounted at the other end on the side of the header, the pipe of the U-shaped frame is installed parallel to the front support pipe of the header body, which has a horizontal coordinate with respect to the cutting apparatus $$b=\frac{H-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}{3}$$

,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;

h is the structural cutting height of the header.

To dock the header with the threshing device of the combine harvester, the inclined chamber is equipped with a spacer that has the same mounting dimensions: on the one hand, with the housing of the inclined chamber, and on the other, with the threshing device of the combine harvester, the ribbed roller is mounted in the spacer with the ability to rotate .

Thus, the inventive header universal harvester meets the criterion of "Novelty."

Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, in other technical solutions of this technical field are not identified, which allows us to conclude that the inventive universal header harvester meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Figure 1 shows the proposed header, a longitudinal section; figure 2 - U-shaped frame in a perspective view.

The universal header of the harvesting machine (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1 formed of front 2 and rear 3 bearing tubes, sidewalls 4 with curved dividers 5, sheathing 6 and cutting apparatus 7 mounted thereon, reel 8, screw 9, drive mechanism 10 , while the front 2 carrier pipe of the header body 1 with respect to the cutting apparatus 7 has a coordinate in height: a = Hh,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness:

h is the structural cutting height of the header.

The inclined chamber 11 is included in the header and contains feed rollers 12 located inside its housing 13, having the same mounting dimensions with a chopper of a forage harvester and a threshing device of a combine harvester, while a cutting apparatus 7 with open fingers is installed on the header housing 1.

,A U-shaped frame 14, including a pipe 15 (FIG. 2) with struts 16 having holes 17 and 18 for swiveling with the front 2 support pipe of the header body 1, is articulated on the front 2 carrier pipe of the header housing 1, and also with the rod of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 19 pivotally mounted at the other end on the sidewall 6 of the header, while the pipe 15 of the U-shaped frame 14 is installed parallel to the front 2 support pipe of the housing 1 of the header, which has a horizontal coordinate with respect to the cutting apparatus 7: $$b=\frac{H-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}{3}$$

,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;

h is the structural cutting height of the header.

For docking of the header with the threshing device of the combine harvester, the inclined chamber 11 is equipped with a spacer 20 having the same mounting dimensions: on the one hand, with the housing 13 of the inclined chamber 11, and on the other, with the threshing device of the combine harvester, while mounted in the spacer 20, with the ability to rotate the ribbed roller 21.

To work on harvesting corn for silage in the stage of milk-wax ripeness, the universal header of the harvester is mounted on the grinding device of the forage harvester without spacers 20 and ribbed roller 21.

The technological process is as follows:

When the forage harvester moves along the field, the front 2 carrier pipe of the header body 1, which has a height coordinate with respect to the cutting apparatus 7

a = H-h,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;

h is the constructive cutting height of the header, deflects the corn stalks forward, forming an arc from them in the area of reel 8, for which reel 8 grabs the corn stalks, and the cutting apparatus 7 with open fingers simultaneously cuts them.

Cut stems are transported by the screw 9 along the sheathing 6 to the center of the header and fed to the feed rollers 12 installed in the housing 13 of the inclined chamber 11, then to the grinding device of the forage harvester (not shown).

The sidewalls 4 of the header with curved dividers 5 provide for the separation of the corn stalks in any direction of combine movement along the field. All working bodies of the header work from the drive mechanism 10.

When changing the parameters and condition of the corn stalks: height, thickness, moisture, the reel's exciting ability also changes. 8.

,To improve the supply of corn stalks to the reel 8 coverage area, with the help of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 19, connected by its rod to the hole 18 of the rack 16 of the U-shaped frame 14, and the other end pivotally mounted on the sidewall 4 of the header, change the position of the pipe 15 of the U-shaped frame 14, pivotally mounted over the entire width of the header of the header on the front 2 support pipe with holes 17 in the uprights 16, while the pipe 15 of the U-shaped frame 14 is mounted parallel to the front 2 support pipe of the header body 1, which has a relation to the cutting apparatus 7th horizontal coordinate $$b=\frac{H-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}{3}$$

,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;

h is the structural cutting height of the header.

To work on harvesting and threshing grain crops, the universal header of the harvester is hung on the threshing device of a combine harvester with a spacer 20 and a ribbed roller 21.

The technological process is as follows.

When harvesting crops, when their height is less than the height of the front 2 support pipe of the header body 1, when the combine harvester moves across the field, reel 8 brings the stems to the cutting apparatus 7, tilting them back. The cutting apparatus 7 cuts the stems and reels 8 are fed along the sheathing 6 of the header to the screw 9, which transports them to the center of the header to the feed rollers 12, then to the ribbed roller 21 of the spacer 20 into the threshing device of the combine harvester (not shown).

When harvesting crops, when their height is greater than the height of the front 2 support pipe of the header body 1, for example, when harvesting tall rye, the work of the header occurs similarly to the work of the header when harvesting corn for silage in the stage of milk-wax ripeness described above.

The introduction of the inclined chamber into the header and equipping it with feed rollers installed in the housing, which have the same mounting dimensions with the chopper of the forage harvester and threshing device of the combine harvester, as well as the use of an open type cutting apparatus in its design, made it possible to expand the technological capabilities of the header of the universal forage harvester and use it for harvesting crops in a unit with a combine harvester.

,Introduction to the design of the header of the universal forage harvester of the U-shaped frame pivotally mounted on the front bearing tube of the reaper to its entire working width, controlled by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder pivotally mounted at one end on the side of the header, and the rod with the U-shaped frame racks, the pipe of the U-shaped frame is installed parallel to the front support pipe of the header body, which has a horizontal coordinate with respect to the cutting device $$b=\frac{H-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="h"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}{3}$$

,

where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;

h is the structural cutting height of the header,

allows to improve the supply of corn stalks and other high-stem crops to the reel coverage area.

Equipping the header of the universal forage harvester with a spacer with a ribbed roller having the same mounting dimensions, on the one hand with the housing of the inclined chamber, and on the other with the threshing device of the combine harvester, allows you to use the feed device of the forage harvester chopper when harvesting grain crops.

Claims (3)

1. A universal header of a harvesting machine, comprising a housing formed of front and rear bearing pipes, sidewalls with curved dividers, sheathing and a cutting apparatus mounted on it, a reel, auger, drive mechanism, and the front bearing tube of the header housing with respect to the cutting the apparatus has a coordinate in height: a = Hh,
where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;
h is the structural cutting height of the header,
characterized in that the inclined chamber is included in the header and contains feed rollers located inside its housing, which has the same connecting dimensions with the chopper of the forage harvester and threshing device of the combine harvester, while a cutting apparatus with open fingers is installed on the header housing. 2. The universal header of the harvester according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a U-shaped frame is pivotally mounted on the front carrier pipe of the header body for its entire working width, including a pipe with racks having holes for swiveling with the front carrier pipe of the header body, and also with a rod of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder pivotally mounted at the other end on the side of the header, the U-shaped tube being installed parallel to the front supporting tube of the header body, which has horizontal ordinate:

,
where H is the height of the top of the ears on the corn stalk in the stage of milk-wax ripeness;
h is the structural cutting height of the header. 3. The universal header of the harvester according to paragraph 1, characterized in that for joining the header with the threshing device of the combine harvester, the inclined chamber is equipped with a spacer having the same mounting dimensions, on the one hand, with the housing of the inclined chamber, and on the other, with the threshing device of the combine harvester while the spacer is mounted rotatably mounted ribbed roller.

Images