RU2490848C1 - Pelleted seeds for oil-contaminated soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for planting in areas contaminated by crude oil and refined products. The pelleted seeds comprise an outer shell containing (wt %): peat - 72-76; mullein 3.3-4.3; superphosphate 2.3-3.3; trace elements - 9.2-10.2; microorganisms - oil-destructors - 9.2-10.3.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to enhance the vigor of seeds on oil-contaminated soil and to improve soil structure by increasing its water capacity and air capacity.

5 cl

Description

The invention relates to technologies for preparing seeds for sowing and can be used mainly for environmental purposes for cleaning and restoration of territories contaminated with oil and oil products.

Soil restoration in oil product areas is a serious environmental problem that needs to be addressed immediately. In such areas, due to soil contamination — filling and blocking of macro- and micropores in the soil stratum with oil products, there is a decrease in the air and moisture capacity of the soil. As a result, the overall porosity of contaminated soil is reduced by 20-34%.

Due to the decrease in soil moisture capacity as a result of oil pollution, the plants growing on it are in conditions of soil moisture deficiency, and their resistance under these conditions is due, in particular, to an increase in the suction power of root cells, which provides additional water to the cells. Changes in the water regime are one of the causes of inhibition of plant growth processes on soil with oil pollution. It is known that an increase in water-absorbing forces and a decrease in water potential by affecting the physicochemical properties of intracellular water change its level of connectivity, which in turn leads to a decrease in water mobility and, as a result, a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes between individual cells, the body and the surrounding environment, which is expressed in the inhibition of plant growth.

In conditions of oil pollution, in addition to reducing the water absorption capacity of the soil, the soil acquires pronounced anaerobic properties due to the sticking of its particles with resinous substances that are contained in the oil, which leads to soil salinization and other unpleasant phenomena.

One way to deal with the effects of oil pollution of the soil is to plant plants that can positively affect the soil - to increase its moisture and air intensity. From sowing ordinary seeds, the result is long to wait. It is advisable to sow seeds specially prepared for such heavy soils.

There are a lot of methods for presowing seed treatment.

For example, there is a known method of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds, which consists in applying two incrusting compositions to the seeds in two layers, the first of which is prepared in the form of a solution containing a film-forming substance - CMC, fungicide - TMTD, growth stimulants - fertilizers, and water, and the second is Irlit [RF Patent No. 2204229, IPC A01C 1/00]. As fertilizers in the first inlaid composition, MO and P ₂ O _{5 are used} . This method allows to increase the strength of the coating and the energy of seed germination, as well as reduce their incidence.

Also known is a composition for pelleting of rapeseed, containing expanded clay 70%, zeolite 23% and clay 7% [RF Patent No. 2163062, IPC A01C 1/06]. To apply this composition to the seeds, they are fed into a pellet mill and constantly mixed until the finely ground composition fed in portions adheres to them. The invention improves the efficiency of the mixture, the quality of seed pellets and environmental protection.

Known plant seeds are coated with at least one fixing agent comprising an aspartic acid derivative selected from ethylenediamidineduccinic acid, 2,2-iminoduccinic acid, their isomers and salts, and at least one plant nutrient [RF patent No. 2345975, IPC А01С 1/06, C05D 9/02]. The use of such a coating makes it possible to weaken the relationship between the sensitivity of plant species and the conditions of their cultivation.

These seeds are taken as a prototype of the invention. Their disadvantage is unsuitability for oil-contaminated soils: sand, clay, gray forest soil, peat.

The invention solves the problem of producing pelleted seeds that can actively germinate on oil-contaminated soils and at the same time improve its structure, increasing its moisture capacity and air intensity.

The problem is solved in that they offer poured seeds, including the outer shell of the seed containing nutrients, characterized in that the shell contains (wt.%):

peat 72-76 mullein 3.3-4.3 superphosphate 2,3-3,3 trace elements 9.2-10.2 oil degradation microorganisms 9.2-10.3

Trace elements can be presented in the form of a fine organomineral mixture of the following composition (wt.%):

nitrogen total. 19.0-22.0 azotamm. 9.0-11.0 nitrogen nitrate. 9.0-11.0 phosphorus 23.0-26.0 potassium 33-35.5 iron 0.15-0.22 boron 0.04-0.05 copper 0.04-0.06 manganese 0.1-0.3 zinc 0.01-0.03

Microorganisms - oil destructors can be presented in the form of a biological product Destroyl, which can be contained in the outer layer of the seed coat.

The seeds in the shell may be seeds from the series: wheat, and / or oats, and / or millet, and / or rye, and / or rapeseed, and / or beans, and / or rump.

The preparation of seeds is as follows. The seeds of wheat, and / or oats, and / or millet, and / or rye, and / or rapeseed, and / or beans, and / or rump are moistened until they become separated from each other. Then they are placed in the vessel of the dragrator and a small amount of a fine organomineral mixture is added there, the following composition wt.%: Nitrogen total. 20.0; Nitrogen Amm. - 10.0; Nitrogen Nitrogen. - 10.0; Phosphorus 25.0; Potassium 34.5; Iron 0.2; Boron - 0.04; Copper - 0.04; Manganese - 0.2; Zinc - 0.02. This mixture may have a different composition, but it is important that significant trace elements are presented in it. Then the drag train is turned on, and its vessel begins to rotate. When the vessel of the dragirator rotates, the organomineral mixture adheres to the seeds, becomes denser and takes the form of a dragee. The seeds are moistened several times with a special adhesive, which can serve, for example, a solution of pectin glue with a concentration of 15 g per 1 liter of water. Humidification can be carried out, for example, by irrigation of seeds using a spray gun. After that, a small nutrient mixture, for example, of the following composition is added to the drag vessel, for example, 60 g of peat, 3 g of mullein, 2 g of superphosphate, 8 g of a fine organomineral mixture, for example, of the above composition, and then the rotator is rotated again. After that, the following, outer, layer of the shell is applied with the help of a dragrator to microorganisms - oil destructors, for example, dry powder of the biological product Destroyl in the amount of 8 g.

Also, Destroyl can be added to the pellet mill along with a fine nutrient mixture. Then the outer layer will include, in addition to Destroyl, the components of this mixture. Instead of Destroil, other drugs of a similar action can be used.

When drazhirovany nutrient mixture envelops the seeds, creating a protective shell for them, which creates favorable conditions for their germination, and in the future - for plant growth. In this case, the seed increases in size, acquiring an oval or rounded shape.

A shell, including nutrients, promotes seed germination and plant growth in the initial period. Such a shell retains water and supplies the seed with useful substances. The outer layer of the shell containing microorganisms - oil destructors, allows you to initially destroy oil pollution and improve the soil in the place where the plant sprouts. Thus, pelleted seeds of plants initially have favorable conditions for germination on oil-contaminated soil, and the plant itself has growth on such soil. As a result of the growth of plants on oil-contaminated soil, it is cleaned and its structure improves: micropores are restored, and air and moisture are increased. Such soils can eventually be returned to the category of land suitable for agriculture.

Claims (5)

1. Coated seeds, including the outer shell containing nutrients, characterized in that the shell contains, wt.%:
peat 72-76 mullein 3.3-4.3 superphosphate 2,3-3,3 trace elements 9.2-10.2 oil degradation microorganisms 9.2-10.3 2. Seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the trace elements are presented in the form of a fine organomineral mixture of the following composition, wt.%:
nitrogen total 19.0-22.0 nitrogen amm. 9.0-11.0 nitrogen nitr. 9.0-11.0 phosphorus 23.0-26.0 potassium 33-35.5 iron 0.15-0.22 boron 0.04-0.05 copper 0.04-0.06 manganese 0.1-0.3 zinc 0.01-0.03 3. Seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the microorganisms - oil destructors are presented in the form of a biological product Destroyl. 4. Seeds according to claim 3, characterized in that the microorganisms - oil destructors are located in the outer layer of the shell. 5. Seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeds are selected from the series: wheat, and / or oats, and / or millet, and / or rye, and / or rapeseed, and / or beans, and / or rump.