RU2444345C2 - Antidazzle glasses for car drivers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal use articles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for ensuring road traffic safety. Glasses comprise a rim and lenses with darkening areas arranged at both lenses of glasses aside from their optical centres. Glasses in their rim are equipped with a photosensitive element and a circuit for automatic control of lenses transmission in that part of the field of view, through which light of oncoming traffic headlights arrives to eyes. Lenses are made as an electro-optical device, which has a permanently transparent area in the field of view of each eye and an area of electrically controlled darkening, the composition of which includes at least two plates. The first transparent plate with a current-conducting transparent coating, and the second transparent plate with a current-conducting coating, geometric dimensions of which cover only the darkened part of the field of view. An electro-optical substance is arranged between plates.

EFFECT: application of this invention will make it possible to increase efficiency of eyes protection against dazzling without deterioration of road visibility and adjacent roadsides due to automatic variation of transmission of a part of lenses of glasses in the area of possible passage of headlight light trajectories to the left of the axis of view.

6 cl, 5 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a road safety device.

It is known that up to 10% of car accidents in Russia (up to 15% abroad) are due to the dazzling of drivers with the headlights of oncoming vehicles [Khasanov R.Kh. and other Diagnostics and maintenance of car headlights. Guidelines for laboratory work, Orenburg. RICK GOU OSU, 2004]. These accidents usually occur at high speed and their consequences are especially severe: blinding is the main cause of death on the roads [http://autoconsulting.com.ua/article.php?sid=10612].

The physical basis of blinding is that with a sharp change in external illumination, two processes begin: a change in the pupil diameter and a sharp increase in the rate of decay of the visual pigment (with increasing external illumination) or its restoration (with decreasing illumination). As long as the pupil size and pigment concentration are not stabilized, the eye is either not able to see anything, or does not distinguish between the details. The time of complete blinding by headlights is from 7 to 35 seconds (at a speed of 70 km / h this is equivalent to a distance of 136 ... 680 m, blindly covered), and returning to the state with maximum eye sensitivity (the greatest number of simultaneously distinguishable semitones) occurs only after 3 minutes [ http: //artedeus.rn/analiz-prichin-dtp/osnovnye-prichiny-dtp/15-dvizhenie-v-uslovijakh-nedostatochnojj-vidimosti.html].

The situation is aggravated by the fact that standards, for example GOST R 51709-2001 “SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNICAL STATE AND METHODS OF INSPECTION” (see clause 4.3) do not establish requirements for the angle of divergence of the light beam towards the oncoming lane. In addition, the divergence of the beam is affected by such generally random factors as the load of the car and its distribution in the cabin (including the amount of gas in the tank), the condition of the shock absorbers, tire pressure, headlamp contamination and the atmosphere. As a result, even the correct adjustment of lighting in equipped technical centers does not guarantee the absence of glare in the future.

The main way to combat blindness is driver glasses.

There is a large group of glasses with yellow glasses / plastics (for example, driver’s glasses (Fedorov), relaxation combined “Antifarahs”, Yellow Sheer Vision, Safe Life, Matsuda, etc.). Their manufacturers claim that the presence of a light filter allows you to combat glare by eliminating the blue component of the spectrum - it is believed that the brightest lamps, halogen and xenon, have a maximum in this area [http://www.radovanie.ru/news/index. html].

However, the brightness of xenon and halogen lamps is significantly superior to conventional lamps in all parts of the spectrum. In addition, there is a class of bright all-weather lamps (Philips H4 Weather Vision; Narva H4 Azzurro; General Electric H4 AllDay; IPF H4 Superbeam), which have a yellowish tint, and incandescent lamps of increased power. In addition, in the yellow region of the spectrum, the range of simultaneously distinguishable brightnesses (semitones) is the narrowest [D.Jadd, G.Vyshetsky. Color in science and technology. - M .: Mir, 1978, p.305]. As a result, the presence of a yellow filter does not in fact eliminate glare [Alien MJ, Abrams BS, Ginsburg AP et al, Forensic aspects of vision and highway safety, 2 ^nd ed. Sa, 2000].

Also known are polarized glasses for drivers, for example, CafA France, DriveWear, Sports Polar Drive PD. Such glasses absorb part of the light polarized perpendicular to their axis of maximum transmission (this component prevails in reflected light). However, since direct light has a blinding effect, polarized glasses do not really increase night traffic safety.

Also known are goggles with automatically variable transmission, using polarizing films together with liquid crystal shutters. In particular, in JP Patent No. 11160659 [Ori Meiyo, Protection kit for eyes provided with transparent lens unit having darkening function (eye protection device with transparent lenses having a dimming function), publ. 06/18/1999] and US patent No. 5608567 [Grupp J., Variable transparency electro-optical device (electro-optical device with variable transmission), IPC A61F 9/04, publ. 03/04/1997] proposed devices containing a frame and at least one liquid crystal curtain dimming in accordance with a change in the intensity of external illumination, and a control circuit that provides a dimming signal to protect from bright light sources. In US patent No. 5608567, in addition, it is proposed to use electrochromic material for this purpose.

Unfortunately, in this design, illumination is reduced throughout the field of view, and not only in the zone of high brightness. As a result, the brightness of not only the road illuminated by its own light decreases, but also of the adjacent dark curbs. Thus, the distinguishability of details is even reduced.

Glasses containing two liquid-crystal arrays, a micro-video camera and a converter that sends a signal to close only to the matrix elements that block the location of the headlights of an oncoming vehicle are deprived of this disadvantage [DE patent No. 19535863, M. Langer, Anti-glare LCD spectacles for example car driver (anti-glare glasses with liquid crystal displays, for example, for the driver), publ. 03/20/1997] and [patent RU No. 2154851, Oreshkov OV Device for protecting the eyes from bright light, IPC G02C 7/10, B60R 1/00, B60J 3/00, publ. 08/20/2000]. In the application RU No. 2001102271 [Abdra-shitova S.I .; Lyudin N.A. A method of protecting a user of a vehicle from glare by an oncoming vehicle, IPC B60J 3/00, publ. 03/10/2003] a method for protecting a user of a vehicle from being dazzled by an oncoming vehicle is proposed, namely, photochromic material is placed on the vehicle between the eyes of the user of the vehicle and the oncoming vehicle, dimming in a local area located at the intersection of the straight line connecting the radiation source , and the pupil of the eye of a user of a vehicle with photochromic material. The coordinates of the local area of the photochromic material irradiated from the directional radiation source are determined by recounting the coordinates of the radiation source obtained from the device for determining the coordinates of the radiation source. Obviously, these devices are too expensive to become mass.

Also known are eyeglass systems for combating glare, characterized by shielding individual sections of the driver’s field of vision.

A classic example of such glasses is the device according to patent WO No. 9302379 [Popescu T., Anti-glare eye-glasses (anti-glare glasses), publ. 02/04/1993]. The glasses are made in the form of a tube with a conical extension near the pupil of the eye, through which only its own lane can be observed - the light of oncoming traffic does not get into the eyes. The disadvantage of this design is the lack of information about the oncoming traffic lane - the pipe is opaque.

The device according to patent RU No. 2274439 (Korotaev N.V. Anti-glare glasses for motorists, IPC A61F 9/02, G02C 7/00, published on 04/20/2006) consists of a spectacle frame, glasses and dimming translucent screens covering part of the glasses. Dimming translucent screens are applied to the left halves of both glasses of glasses from the side of oncoming transport from the vertical axis of symmetry passing through the optical center of the glasses to the frame of the glasses.

In US patent No. 6450636 [Ylipelkonen R., Anti-glare eyeglasses (anti-glare glasses), IPC G02C 7/16, publ. September 17, 2002] glasses are offered containing transparent and translucent zones, the transparent zone having the form of a V-shaped segment in the upper central part of the glasses. These inventions can reduce eye fatigue from being blinded by headlights of oncoming vehicles, however, in the absence of oncoming vehicles, these glasses must be removed - otherwise the field of view is limited.

These shortcomings are deprived of safety glasses from glare from the headlights of oncoming vehicles according to the application RU No. 93037244 (Mamaev G.A., Odintsov L.A. Safety glasses from glare, IPC G02C 7/10, published on 02.20.1996). According to this invention, a translucent coating is applied to the glasses glass in the upper and lateral parts (left for left-hand traffic and right for right-hand traffic), with its lower edge having a configuration adequate to the trajectory of oncoming vehicles headlights on the glasses. To protect the eyes, the driver tilts his head slightly forward, changes the angle of view, and when passing oncoming traffic returns his head to its previous position.

Close to this technical solution according to patent RU No. 2055382 (Lutyanov NA, Garbar NL. Device for protecting the driver of a vehicle from blindness, IPC G02C 7/10, published on 02.27.1996), containing a holder worn on the driver’s head , two filters, made in the form of plane-parallel plates placed on the holder with the possibility of movement, characterized in that the device additionally introduced a rod placed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the holder with the ability to move along it and rotate relative to it, and both traffic lights tra pivotally mounted on the bent ends of the same rod. The filters are located in the upper left quarters (with right-hand traffic) of the eye viewing sectors. When driving with oncoming vehicles, the driver tilts his head slightly and the filters block the luminous flux of the oncoming vehicles.

In US patent No. 6089705 (Ertz P., Manually-tillable anti-glare device / manually tilting anti-glare device, IPC G02C 9/00, publ. 07/18/2000) glasses have clips that are normally raised, and when traveling with oncoming vehicles omitted. In this case, it takes not only time to put the protective screens into working position, but also use one of the hands for this, which is fraught with additional threats when driving. In RU patent No. 2271941 (Yarimov M.O. The way to protect the driver from blindness, IPC B60J 3/02, published March 20, 2006), it is proposed to block the source of sudden exposure with the help of screens located directly next to the eye in the upper left part of the field of view. The screen rotates around an axis located in the upper left corner, has two positions (the original, when it is located above the field of view, and the working, when it is entered into the field of view) and is introduced, if necessary, with a slight movement of the head or upper body to the right or right and down at the same time; while moving the screens, the pupils move in the opposite direction. After the discrepancy with the source of blinding by reverse procedures, the screens and eyes return to their original position, the field of view is fully opened.

In US patent No. 4828380 (Gabe C., Anti-glare eyeglasses (anti-glare glasses), IPC G02C 7/10, publ. 05/09/1989), the design of glasses, in which each lens or field of view of each eye of the driver of the vehicle contains:

a) the central area of vision, including the upper part and the lower part of the field of view and allowing the driver, whose head is in normal position, to freely observe the driver’s side of the road at least from the right shoulder to the center of the road;

b) the shaded area located to the left of the center of the field of view and having an upper border, a lower border and a right border adjacent to the specified center of the field of view, where:

1) the lower boundary of the shaded area is mainly a straight line, inclined at an angle (A), under which the paths of the headlights of oncoming cars pass and below which the light from the oncoming headlights falls into the driver’s eyes;

2) the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the shaded area is sufficient to shield the light of the headlights of oncoming vehicles;

3) the right border of the shaded area is adjacent to the center of the field of view, it is mainly a straight line and vertical;

4) the shaded area is sufficient to ensure effective screening of headlights of oncoming cars at the limit of the peripheral vision of the driver.

In an embodiment of US Pat. No. 4,828,380, the driver can enter / remove dimming screens of the described form from the field of view, mechanically or using self-adhesive materials.

These methods and designs require the driver to perform certain movements, which usually do not have time for blinding. In addition, when driving on rough roads (on bumps), an undesirable spontaneous lowering of the protective screen will occur. Thus, effective protection of the driver from sudden dazzle is not provided.

The closest analogue is the prototype of the invention is the design of anti-glare glasses for car drivers, described in patent RU No. 2088190, MKI ⁶ A61F 9/02, publ. 08/27/1997, containing the frame of glasses, glasses and dimming translucent screens that cover part of the lower half of the glasses with the expansion down and to the side, while dimming translucent screens are located on both glasses of glasses in one direction from their optical centers, dimming translucent screens are made in the form of triangles with vertices of sharp angles in the optical centers of the glasses located at a distance equal to the distance between the centers of the pupils of the eyes of the driver, and the triangular screens are made with the expansion to the side The motion of the oncoming traffic, and the angles at the vertices of the triangular blackout screens located at the optical center points antidazzle glasses can be at 45 ± 5 °.

As will be shown below, glasses made according to the patent prototype, with the boundaries of the field of view in the form of straight or mainly straight lines, in the most general case, cover the excess part of the field of view. This is their drawback: the less details of the road situation are distinguishable, the greater the threat to traffic safety. The proposal of the prototype - patent RU No. 2088190 limited to overlapping the field of view in the form of a triangle with a vertex of 45 ± 5 °, on the contrary, leaves open a significant part of the field in which it is possible to find the headlights of the oncoming car: according to our calculations, complete overlap when the translucent screen is made in the form of a triangle provides only an apex angle of 80 ° or more. Another disadvantage of the prototype patents is either the constant overlapping of the field of view, which may cause the appearance of blinding headlights of oncoming cars, or the need for their manual entry.

As follows from the description of the patents-analogues and prototype, there is no understanding of which area of the field of view needs to be blocked: in some cases it is proposed to close the upper half (US patent No. 6089705) or the left sector of the upper half (patents RU No. 2055382 and No. 2271941, application RU No. 93037244), in others - the entire left half (RU patent No. 2274439), in the third - a triangle with a vertex in the center (RU patent No. 2088190 and US patent No. 4828380) or, conversely, leave the triangle open in the upper central zone (US patent No. 6450636). Obviously, the authors of these inventions do not imagine the real area of passage of oncoming headlights.

Thus, the main task of these devices is not fulfilled - to ensure the impossibility of blinding oncoming vehicles: the overlap area is both redundant and insufficient (in all patents, except for RU patent No. 2274439 and US patent No. 4828380, in which it is only redundant).

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of protecting the eyes from blinding without impairing the visibility of the road and adjacent shoulders by automatically changing the transmission of part of the glasses of glasses in the zone of probable light paths of the headlights to the left of the axis of view, in justification of the necessary and sufficient shape of the borders dimming zone.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that anti-glare glasses for car drivers, containing a spectacle frame and glasses with darkened areas located on both glasses of the glasses away from their optical centers, are additionally equipped with a photosensitive element in the spectacle frame and an automatic transmission control system for glasses in that part of the field view through which the headlights of oncoming vehicles enter the eyes, the glasses are made in the form of an electro-optical device that has each eye in the field of view a constantly transparent zone and an electrically controlled dimming zone, which includes at least two plates, the first transparent plate with a conductive transparent coating, and the second transparent plate with a conductive coating, the geometric dimensions of which cover only the darkened part of the field of view, while between the plates is an electro-optical substance.

In addition, in anti-glare glasses for car drivers, the upper boundary of the auto-shading zone is defined as the geometrical location of the points with coordinates (α, θ _max ), where α = arctgΔ / L along the abscissa and θ _max = arctg (H _max -H _0min ) / L along the ordinate axis, and the lower boundary of the automatic shading zone is defined as the geometrical location of the points with coordinates (α, θ _min ), where α = arctgΔ / L along the abscissa axis and θ _min = arctan (H _min -H _0max ) / L along the axis ordinates, while the center of the field of view coincides with the origin of the angles α, θ _max and θ _min ,

where α is the angle of horizontal deviation to the left of the center of the field of vision of the driver’s eye;

θ _max is the angle of vertical deviation upward from the center of the field of vision of the driver’s eye;

θ _min is the angle of vertical deviation down from the center of the field of vision of the driver’s eye;

L is the distance from the driver’s eyes to the oncoming car, measured from the point of intersection of the plane of the headlights of the oncoming car with the driver’s gaze;

Δ is the distance from the edge of the headlight closest to the road center to the plane perpendicular to the road containing the direction of the driver's gaze;

H _0min and H _0max - respectively the minimum and maximum height of the driver’s eyes relative to the level of the road;

H _min and H _max - respectively, the minimum and maximum height of the edges of the headlights of oncoming vehicles relative to the level of the road,

the geometric dimensions of the conductive coating of the first plate coincide with the field of view of the driver; the geometric dimensions of the conductive coating of the first plate coincide with the geometric size of the coating of the second plate; as an electro-optical device using a liquid crystal display; an electrochromic display is used as an electro-optical device.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, an example of a specific implementation and description.

Figure 1 shows the optical scheme of the road (horizontal projection).

Figure 2 shows the optical scheme of the road (vertical projection).

Figure 3 shows the calculated area, which must be shaded to eliminate glare by headlights of oncoming vehicles.

Figure 4 is an example of glasses according to the invention.

5 is an example control circuit of a device according to the invention.

In the drawings, the following notation:

1 - dark elements of the road;

1a - light from headlights of oncoming vehicles;

2 - photosensitive element;

3 - connecting wires from the automatic control circuit to the photosensitive element;

4 is a diagram of an automatic control;

5 - connecting wires from the automatic control circuit to the displays;

6a - the first display on the dark element (6a);

6b - second display on a light element (6b);

6L - display left;

6R - display right;

7 - driver (more precisely, the driver’s eyes);

8 - zone in which the headlights of oncoming vehicles are likely to pass (more precisely, the light from the headlights of oncoming vehicles);

9 - frame glasses.

Anti-glare glasses for car drivers contain a photosensitive element 2 and an automatic control circuit 4 in the frame of glasses 9. Glasses of glasses are made in the form of an electro-optical device (electro-optical display), which consists of at least one display 6a - the first display on a dark element, 6b - the second display on the light element (see figure 4 and figure 5). 4, the electro-optical displays 6a and 6b are shown in a direct projection and are designated as the left electro-optical display 6L and the right electro-optical display 6R.

The device according to this invention operates as follows. With constant external illumination (day, night under street lighting) or a discharged battery, the electro-optical device has a maximum transmission across the entire field of view. When driving on a highway or in an unlit street, the headlights of an oncoming car are captured by a photosensitive element that generates an electrical signal to automatically reduce the transmission of the display in that part of the field of view through which the headlights of oncoming vehicles enter the eyes. After traveling with oncoming vehicles, the transmission of the display across the entire field of view is restored to the initial level.

Thus, the headlights of the oncoming car are attenuated to an acceptable level, while the illumination of the road in the same direction from the headlights and the adjacent curb does not change.

Figure 1 shows the optical scheme of the road (horizontal projection). The BB _{1 line} is the curb (roadside) on the right side of the road, the BB ₁ line is the oncoming border border, the OO ₁ line is axial. The position of the eyes of the driver of the car I is indicated by the letter A, line AA ₁ - the direction of view. Towards car I (its headlights are not shown) car II is moving. Distance L is the distance from the driver’s eyes to the oncoming car, measured from the point of intersection of the plane of the headlights of the oncoming car with the driver’s gaze). Distance Δ is the distance from the edge of the oncoming car headlight that is closest to the road center to the plane perpendicular to the road containing the driver’s gaze direction AA ₁ ; Δ _max - the distance between the plane perpendicular to the road, containing the direction of the driver’s gaze AA ₁ and the headlights farthest from it. Angle α - the horizontal angle of the headlights of the oncoming car.

The value of Δ cannot be less than 1.0 m (when cars move towards each other in adjacent traffic lanes and the distance at 0.5 m).

Figure 2 shows the optical scheme of the road (vertical projection). Line OO ₁ - the plane of the roadway. The minimum blinding distance between oncoming cars is L ₁ = 3 m. The height of the driver’s eyes relative to the road level Н ₀ depends on the anthropometric characteristics of the driver (height, torso and legs, eye position) such as the car and seat adjustment. According to the authors of this invention, all possible options for drivers of cars, SUVs and minibuses (including commercial buses, for example GAZ-3221 "Gazelle") fit in the range of H ₀ = 0.9 ... 1.8 m.

The minimum height of the lower edge of the headlamp (diffuser) from the road level is H _min = 0.4 m (for VAZ-2109 cars with a weakened front suspension), the maximum height from the upper edge of the headlight is H _max = 1.2 m (for UAZ-2206, UAZ 3303). For KAMAZ vehicles H _max = 1.15 m; for GAZ-3221 Gazelle and many off-road vehicles - 1.1 m. These experimental data comply with international standards "UNECE Regulation No. 1-7""Light external devices of cars, tractors, trailers and other vehicles: quantity, location, color, visibility ". From here you can calculate the minimum angles of incidence of blinding light:

- horizontally α _min (for the minimum distance between the directions of the vehicles Δ) and α _max (for the maximum distance between the directions of the cars Δ _max );

- vertically θ _min (for H _0max = 1.8 m and H _min = 0.4 m) and maximum θ _max (for H _0min = 0.9 m and H _max = 1.2 m) depending on the distance L of oncoming cars from each other.

The indicated functions are in no way linear, but are graphs α _min = arctan Δ / L; α _max = arctan Δ _max / L; θ _min = arctan (H _min -H _0max ) / L (actual values of θ _min are negative, this means the directivity down from the horizontal axis of the field of view); θ _max = arctan (H _max -H _0min ) / L.

The calculation of horizontal displacement α and vertical displacement θ while reducing the distance L between oncoming vehicles is presented in Table 1. The calculation took into account the fact that the largest viewing angle α at which blinding light enters the driver’s eye is 60 ° (usually it is 45 °, but in some cases, for contaminated headlights, in fog, for cars with a shallow headlight reflector (for example, VAZ-1111 Oka), etc. The scattering angle increases).

Table 1 L, m Δ tg α _min α _min H _min -H _0max tg θ _min θ _min H _max -H _0min tg θ _max θ _max 0.58 1.733 60 ° -2.426 -67 ° 36 ' 0.52 27 ° 29 ' one 1,000 45 ° -1.4 -54 ° 28 ' 0.3 16 ° 42 ' 2 0.500 26 ° 35 ' -0.7 -35 ° 0.15 8 ° 32 ' 3 0.333 18 ° 25 ' -0.467 -25 ° 06 ' 0.101 5 ° 48 ' 5 1.0 m 0.2 11 ° 18 ' -0.28 -15 ° 39 ' 0.061 3 ° 30 ' 10 0.1 5 ° 42 ' -1.4 m -0.14 -7 ° 06 ' 0.3 m 0.030 1 ° 45 ' twenty 0.05 2 ° 54 ' -0.07 -4 ° 0.015 0 ° 52 ' fifty 0.02 1 ° 09 ' -0.028 -1 ° 36 ' 0.006 0 ° 21 ' one hundred 0.01 0 ° 36 ' -0.014 -0 ° 48 ' 0.003 0 ° 10 ' 300 0.003 0 ° 12 ' -0.005 -0 ° 16 ' 0.001 0 ° 03 ' ∞ 0 0 ° 0 0 ° 0 0 °

table 2 L, m Δ _max tg α _max α _max H _min -H _0max tg θ _min θ _min H _max -H _0min tg θ _max θ _max 13.3 1.733 60 ° -0.105 -6 ° 06 ' 0.023 1 ° 20 ' fifteen 1.533 56 ° 54 ' -0.093 -5 ° 20 ' 0.020 1 ° 09 ' twenty 1.150 47 ° -0.070 -4 ° 0.015 0 ⁰ 52 ' 25 0.920 42 ° 37 ' -0.056 -3 ⁰ 12 ' 0.012 0 ° 42 ' thirty 23.0 m 0.767 37 ° 29 ' -1.4 m -0.047 -2 ° 40 ' 0.3 m 0.010 0 ° 30 ' fifty 0.460 24 ° 42 ' -0.028 -1 ° 36 ' 0.006 0 ° 21 ' one hundred 0.230 12 ° 57 ' -0.014 -0 ° 48 ' 0.003 0 ° 10 ' 200 0.115 6 ° 34 ' -0.007 -0 ° 24 ' 0.002 0 ° 05 ' 300 0.077 4 ° 23 ' -0.005 -0 ° 16 ' 0.001 0 ° 03 ' ∞ 0 0 ° 0 0 ° 0 0 °

Calculations show that all possible cases of the mutual arrangement of the driver and oncoming vehicles fit between the curves calculated for the minimum distance from the edge of the oncoming car headlight that is closest to the center of the road to a plane perpendicular to the road containing the driver’s gaze Δ = 1.0 m. For example, with Δ _max = 23 m (which corresponds to a two-way road in 3 rows in each direction and oncoming cars close to the side of the road) the headlights are approaching the horizon and the maximum discrepancy between the angles θ _max and θ _min will be only 7 ° 26 '(see table 2). A similar parameter for Δ = 1 m exceeds 95 ° (see table 1).

Figure 3 shows the area that must be shaded to prevent dazzling headlights of oncoming vehicles.

On figa shows the shading area for the universal version of the car (especially small class A (type "Oka"), small class B (Hyundai Getz), small medium class C (Toyota Corolla), medium class D (Ford Mondeo), higher middle class E (Audi A6), higher class F (Audi A8), coupe class G1 (VAZ-21123) and G2 (Cadillac Eldorado), convertibles H (Renault Megane SS), station wagons with increased passability I, SUVs K1, K2 and K3 , K4 pickups, minivans L (Fiat Doblo Panorama) and small commercial class M (Gazelle) [www.ru.wikipedia.org]. At the top, it is limited by the curve θ _max = arctg (H _max -H _0min ) / L, below - curve θ _min = arctan (H _min -H _0max ) / L, calculated for the extreme case of the minimum distance between the driver’s gaze and the oncoming car headlights (Δ), and on the left - the vertical line corresponding to the boundary of the peripheral field of view (60 °). Dotted lines are straight lines that limit the field of view according to the prototype. Excessive field of view.

The bulk of drivers operate cars of classes A - H, for them H ₀ is in the range 1.1 ... 1.3 m. Table 3 shows the calculation of the maximum angular dimensions of the shaded area for this case, and Fig.3b shows this option graphically.

Table 3 L, m Δ tg α _min α _min H _min- H _0max tg θ _min θ _min H _max -H _0min tg θ _max θ _max 0.58 1.733 60 ° -1.560 -57 ° 20 ' 0.173 9 ° 49 ' one 1,000 45 ° -0.900 -41 ° 59 ' 0.100 5 ° 43 ' 2 0.500 26 ° 35 ' -0.450 -24 ° 14 ' 0.050 2 ° 52 ' 3 0.333 18 ° 25 ' -0.300 -16 ° 42 ' 0.034 1 ° 57 ' 5 1.0 m 0.2 11 ° 18 ' -0.180 -10 ° 12 ' 0.020 1 ° 09 ' 10 0.1 5 ° 42 ' -0.9 m -0.090 -5 ° 08 ' 0.1 m 0.010 0 ° 35 ' twenty 0.05 2 ° 54 ' -0.045 -2 ° 35 ' 0.005 0 ° 17 ' fifty 0.02 1 ° 09 ' -0.018 -1 ° 02 ' 0.002 0 ° 07 ' one hundred 0.01 0 ° 36 ' -0.009 -0 ° 31 ' 0.001 0 ° 03 ' 300 0.003 0 ° 12 ' -0.003 -0 ° 10 ' 0.000 0 ° ∞ 0 0 ° 0 0 ° 0 0 °

An additional advantage of the display on this proposal is that the area of the field of view with variable transmission is approximately 20% of the total field of view, and for the driver of a standard car it is even less, approximately 12%. This means lower costs for an autonomous power supply of the glasses, their service life without changing the battery or recharging the battery increases by 5 ... 8 times.

Fig. 4 shows an example of glasses according to the invention: in Fig. 4a, when the elements are off, when there are no oncoming cars, and Fig. 4b, when the elements are switched on, which darken the headlamp passage area. It should be noted that when designing the electro-optical device according to this invention, it is precisely the angular dimensions of the shading zone that are set. As for its linear dimensions, they depend on the distance from the pupil: electro-optical device - a display mounted in a frame designed for use by drivers who do not wear glasses for vision correction, is 1.5 ... 2 cm away from the pupils. The same device is worn in addition to the corrective points on top of them, it is already at a distance 2 times greater.

In principle, there is the likelihood of a slight deviation of the darkened area from the paths of the headlights, due to irregularities and bends in the road, as well as structural features of the driver. In these cases, the driver can always make an individual adjustment by simply tilting his head in one direction or another.

Another point is connected to the engine hood. It limits the field of view from below very significantly - in some cars the entire field of view is below minus 30 °. But the hood usually doesn’t enter the headlights of oncoming cars (the exception is only sports cars with a powerful engine), and for cars like Fiat Doblo Panorama, on the contrary, the hood practically does not cut off the field of view. In this regard, the presence of a car hood does not affect the calculated shape of the borders of the darkened zone.

Figure 5 is an example diagram of an electro-optical device according to this invention.

On figa, in the absence of blinding headlights, the light from the dark elements of the road 1 enters the photosensitive element 2. Through wires 3, the photo flow enters the automatic control circuit 4. At values of the photocurrent below the set threshold, voltage across wires 5 does not enter the display 6, it is in a state of maximum transmission and driver 7 sees all the elements 1.

In the presence of light from oncoming headlights 1a (Fig. 5b), the photo flow from the photosensitive element 2 exceeds the set threshold, the automatic control circuit (microcircuit) 4 wires 5 to the displays 6L and 6R and supply a control voltage that exceeds the threshold. Zone 8, in which the headlights of oncoming vehicles, including the light from headlights 1a, are likely to pass into a state of minimal transmission, while light from the rest of the expensive (dark elements 1) passes through display 6 to driver 7 without distortion. Thus, weakening of the light is ensured only in the zone of probable passage of headlights.

The above examples apply to right-hand traffic. For countries with left-hand traffic, the calculations give similar graphs on the right side of the optical centers of the glasses.

Other control options are possible.

As the electro-optical display can be applied liquid crystal, electrochromic and other types of displays with electrical transmission control.

Liquid crystal displays have film polarizers of light on their outer surfaces. The electro-optical substance - a liquid crystal - in the initial state (in the absence of voltage) rotates the plane of polarization of transmitted light by 90 °. Under the influence of voltage, the ability to rotate the polarization is lost and the light emerging from the liquid crystal layer has the same direction of polarization. If such a cell is placed between a pair of polarizers, the optical axes of which are crossed, in the absence of voltage the entire field will be as transparent as possible (at the level of 35%), and in those areas of transparent conductive coatings of the plates between which there is a voltage difference of 3 ... 5 V with a frequency of 32 ... 2000 Hz, the transmission will be minimal (depending on the magnitude of the voltage and polarization polarization efficiency - up to 0.1%). When the input polarizer is oriented so that its absorption axis passes vertically, reflected from the road and other objects (glasses, mirrors, etc.), light polarized mainly horizontally will be absorbed almost completely, and vertically polarized light will pass to the eyes with a minimum absorption. Natural light from external sources (sun, headlights, street lighting, etc.) has a maximum transmittance of 35%. The transmission of liquid crystal displays in the on and off states is practically independent of the wavelength (neutral).

Electrochromic displays are characterized by the dependence of the color of the electro-optical material on the electric field in it. The physical basis of electrochromism consists in the injection of electrons from the negative electrode and their capture by anionic vacancies in the electrochromic material, and absorption centers are formed and the material becomes dark colored. When the polarity is reversed, the injection of new electrons from the second electrode is prevented by the insulating layer near it, and the electrons from the previously formed absorption centers are extracted by the anode. As a result, the display returns to clear state.

Electrochromic displays operate at low voltage (0.4 ... 1.5 V DC), have the highest transmittance (up to 70%) and viewing angle (± 89 °). Passage in the closed state is 5 ... 7%. The display in the open state is colorless, in the closed state it absorbs the red and green parts of the spectrum well, in the blue region its transmission is slightly higher.

The use of a liquid crystal display or electrochromic display provides a clear image of a moving car with residual transmission.

Claims (6)

1. Anti-glare glasses for car drivers, containing a frame of glasses and glasses with darkened areas located on both glasses of glasses away from their optical centers, characterized in that they are additionally equipped with a photosensitive element in the frame of glasses and a circuit for automatically controlling the transmission of glasses in that part of the field view through which the headlights of oncoming vehicles enter the eyes, the glasses are made in the form of an electro-optical device that has constantly transparent in the field of view of each eye the zone and the zone of electrically controlled dimming, which includes at least two plates, the first transparent plate with a conductive transparent coating, and a second transparent plate with a conductive coating, the geometric dimensions of which cover only the darkened part of the field of view, while between plates located electro-optical substance. 2. Anti-glare glasses for car drivers according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper boundary of the automatic shading zone is defined as the geometric location of the points with coordinates (α, θ _max ), where α = arctgΔ / L along the abscissa and θ _max = arctg ( H _max -H _0min ) / L along the ordinate axis, and the lower boundary of the automatic shading zone is defined as the geometrical location of the points with coordinates (α, θ _min ), where α = arctgΔ / L along the abscissa and θ _min = arctan (H _min - H _0max ) / L along the ordinate axis, while the center of the field of view coincides with the origin of the angles α, θ _max and θ _min ,
where α is the angle of horizontal deviation to the left of the center of the field of vision of the driver’s eye; θ _max is the angle of vertical deviation upward from the center of the field of vision of the driver’s eye; θ _min is the angle of vertical deviation down from the center of the field of vision of the driver’s eye; L is the distance from the driver’s eyes to the oncoming car, measured from the point of intersection of the plane of the headlights of the oncoming car with the driver’s gaze; Δ is the distance from the edge of the headlight closest to the center of the road to the plane perpendicular to the road containing the driver's gaze H _0min and H _0max - respectively the minimum and maximum height of the driver’s eyes relative to the level of the road; H _min and H _max - respectively, the minimum and maximum heights of the edges of the headlights of oncoming vehicles relative to the level of the road. 3. Anti-glare glasses for car drivers according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometric dimensions of the conductive coating of the first plate coincide with the field of view of the driver. 4. Anti-glare glasses for car drivers according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometric dimensions of the conductive coating of the first plate coincide with the geometric size of the coating of the second plate. 5. Anti-glare glasses for car drivers according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid crystal display is used as an electro-optical device. 6. Anti-glare glasses for car drivers according to claim 1, characterized in that an electrochromic display is used as an electro-optical device.

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